Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Electric field pulse motor response test"

Abstract Environmental exposure to tricresyl phosphate (TCP) may lead to severe neurotoxic effects, including organophosphate (OP)-induced delayed neuropathy. TCP has three symmetric isomers, distinguished by the methyl group position on the aromatic ring system. One of these isomers, tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (ToCP), has been reported for years as a neuropathic OP, targeting neuropathic target esterase (NTE/PNPLA6), but its mode of toxic action had not been fully elucidated. Zebrafish eleuthero-embryo and larva were used to characterize the differential action of the TCP isomers. The symmetric isomers inhibited phenyl valerate (PV)-NTE enzymatic activity in vivo with different IC50, while no effect was observed on acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, the locomotor behavior was also affected by tri-para-cresyl phosphate and tri-meta-cresyl phosphate, only ToCP exposure led to locomotor hyperactivity lasting several hours, associated with defects in the postural control system and an impaired phototactic response, as revealed by the visual motor response test. The electric field pulse motor response test demonstrated that a seizure-like, multiple C-bend-spaghetti phenotype may be significantly induced by ToCP only, independently of any inhibition of PV-NTE activity. Eleuthero-embryos exposed to picrotoxin, a known gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A receptor inhibitor, exhibited similar adverse outcomes to ToCP exposure. Thus, our results demonstrated that the TCP mode of toxic action was isomer specific and not initially related to modulation of PV-NTE activity. Furthermore, it was suggested that the molecular events involved were linked to an impairment of the balance between excitation and inhibition in neuronal circuits.

This paper focuses on the steering motion control of an in-wheel motor-drive robot. The influence of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle on steering motion and the steering control method have not yet been proved. Thus, this study aimed to design a steering controller for the off-center steer-by-wire system of a robot. The influence of the PWM duty cycle on the steering motion under different conditions is firstly tested on a test bench. Based on the optimal duty cycles of different cases found in the test, a two-stage fuzzy controller of the duty cycle is designed for the steering system. The first stage of the controller is used to dynamically adjust the PWM duty cycle of the electromagnetic friction lock (EFL). The second stage is designed to realize the self-tuning of the fuzzy controller’s quantization factor and the scale factor. Through two-stage control, the motion of the in-wheel motor and the EFL can be coordinated to realize stable and rapid steering. Considering the robots’ primary application in field roads at present, road tests were ultimately conducted to verify the proposed method. The test results show that the angle response rate of the steering arm is elevated with the increase in the steering angle signal. The proposed controller can sensitively track the target angles with smaller overshoot, yaw rate and lateral acceleration, and better steering accuracy than the PID (proportional–integral–differential) controller under different working conditions.

<span lang="EN-US">The paper describes field oriented control strategy with space vector pulse width modulation technique of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system for an electric vehicle. At first, mathematical models of the motor and the drive system for electric vehicle are presented. In order to obtain high performance drive and maximum motor torque, field oriented control strategy and space vector pulse width modulation technique method are applied to drive system in next section. Speed controller design utilizing the popular zero-pole elimination approach causes large integral constant time in case of small rotational damping constant. The desired-transient-response-based approach is employed to overcome the problem. Performance indices include overshoot, undershoot, steady-state speed error, and total harmonic distortion of stator current, are employed to assess the drive systems with two speed controller design methods. Theoretical assumptions are confirmed via simulations and criteria in MATLAB/Simulink environment.</span>

Electric vehicles are regarded as a significant way to mitigate the global energy crisis and the environmental pollution problem. Motor control is a very important part for electric vehicles. As for hardware, a motor controller usually has components such as a power module, microprocessor unit, IGBT driver, sensors, and resolver-to-digital convertor. As for software, a field-oriented control (FOC) with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is a popular method, while model predictive control (MPC) has recently shown great potential in motor drives. In this paper, both FOC and MPC are discussed and the performances are compared based on experiments. As the implementation is on a digital processor, the discretization and normalization are addressed, and the flux observer and speed estimation are discussed. Some practical issues for implementation are also talked about, such as field weakening control, overmodulation, etc. This paper focuses on how to implement the improved motor control for electric vehicles as industrial applications. The steady-state torque performances of this motor controller are verified by motor test-bench experiments. MPC shows as good performance as FOC in these experiments.

<span lang="EN-US">Many researches have been dedicated to develop the induction motor drive control strategy used on the railway traction applications. In this paper we propose to investigate and to improve the electric locomotives by using a Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy of induction motor drive. This induction motor can be powered by a five-stage neutral point inverter controlled by sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) due to good quality for output voltage and The use of fast switches. Both conventional and improved locomotives are simulated in Matlab/Simulink and compared in open loop conditions and closed loop conditions using IP controller, in term of torque response, current harmonic distortions and rotor speed response.</span>

In the modern oil industry, the vast majority of oil production units are represented by sucker rod pumping units, driven mainly by asynchronous electric motors without using any monitoring, control and regulation means. Studies carried out on such installations show their low energy efficiency and reliability. Therefore, the issue of developing complex electric drives of a new generation based on the use of synchronous valve electric motors is relevant allowing to significantly increase the energy efficiency and reliability of both individual installations and to ensure the creation of "smart" oil field control systems. The paper discusses new technical solutions of the experimental stand which makes it possible to study the energy characteristics of electric drives based on asynchronous and synchronous valve electric motors, as well as allowing to create conditions as close as possible to real field conditions with imitation of the operation of an oil pumping unit of a sucker rod pumping unit. In modern test equipment systems, devices are often used to create a mechanical load on the shaft of the electric motor under study. The system proposed and implemented as such a device is "a frequency converter - load asynchronous electric motor", which has been tested on a stand and has proven to be the best in comparison with traditional circuits using DC motors. But using of a load asynchronous electric motor as part of the test stand has revealed a number of disadvantages: overheating of the electric motor operating in the opposing mode, low accuracy of creating the load torque and the speed of the system's response. The problem of overheating of the load electric motor has been solved by transferring the frequency converter to the direct torque control mode, while a significant decrease in the motor current and stabilization of the temperature regime have been detected. The low accuracy and response speed of the system have been increased by introducing feedback and a PID controller into the stand control system.

High-power microwave (HPM) antenna, one of the key subsystems in the HPM system, is used for HPM radiation. Its performance is partly determined by the impulse responses of reflector materials under HPM. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impulse response characteristics of reflector materials under HPM. Instead of the traditional waveguide cavity, this study was based on the double elliptical reflector system with an open boundary. By using this system, the impulse response of reflector materials was measured, and the response of reflector materials of multiple types under various environments with different electric field strengths and pulse widths was tested. In terms of breakdown, reflection efficiency, and pulse waveform, aluminum and carbon fiber test plates were affected by HPM and compared. Finally, the impulse response characteristics of carbon fiber test plates were summarized. The proposed method applied in this research is universal, matches the practical application environment, and can be extensively employed in the impulse response research and test of reflector materials.

This article focuses on modelling and validating a groundbreaking magnetorheological braking system. Addressing shortcomings in traditional automotive friction brake systems, including response delays, wear, and added mass from auxiliary components, the study employs a novel brake design combining mechanical and electrical elements for enhanced efficiency. Utilizing magnetorheological (MR) technology within a motor–brake system, the investigation explores the influence of external magnetic flux from the nearby motor on MR fluid movement, particularly under high-flux conditions. The evaluation of a high-magnetic-field mitigator is guided by simulated findings with the objective of resolving potential issues. An alternative method of resolving an interaction between an electric motor and a magnetorheological brake is presented. In addition, to test four configurations, multiple absorber materials are reviewed.

<p class="Abstract"><em><span lang="EN-US">T</span></em><span lang="EN-US">his paper proposes a new approach to ensure the torque decoupled to the rotor flux of an induction machine based on the Field Oriented Control (FOC). The suggested method consists of inserting into the conventional d-q synchronous current controller, coupling terms of motor and multi-level inverter models. Making, the dynamic response of stator current components decoupled as well as the rotor flux and torque. In this paper, the mathematic model of an induction motor and multi-level inverter are first derived. Then, the synchronous current controller and modulation strategy for high power inverters are investigated. Finally, the validation through implementation and simulation of a 4.16 kV electric drive with MATLAB/Simulink and SimPowerSystems is performed. The model simulated in this paper includes an induction motor, nine-level cascaded H-bridge inverter and a carrier based space vector pulse-width-modulation.</span><span lang="EN-US">The results of the simulations of each method has been recorded and the comparison results reveal that the proposed method effectively maintains the rotor flux decoupled to the torque.</span></p>

This paper introduces a new technique to test fatigue cracks in concrete that occur during its maintenance. The principle of the technique consists of exposing the object to pulsed mechanical excitation. As a result, acoustic waves start to propagate in the sample. Under the action of acoustic waves the dipole moments of double electric layers on the boundaries of components in concrete are changed and piezoquartz which is a part of sand and gravel is polarized. The external electric field occurs and is registered by a signal receiver placed near the object under study. The possibility of using this technique for crack nondestructive control is studied in the paper. The technique capabilities are shown by comparing the parameters of electric response on pulsed mechanical excitation when testing the defectless concrete and the same sample after developing the artificial crack in the concrete.

La prévalence croissante des contaminants chimiques pose d'importants problèmes en matière de santé publique, nécessitant des méthodologies efficaces pour l'évaluation des risques toxicologiques. Un travail initial a été réalisé pour optimiser une nouvelle approche méthodologique (NAM) utilisant des éleuthéroembryons de poisson-zèbre, appelée electric field pulse motor response test (EFPMRT). La méthode vise à effectuer un criblage à haut débit des molécules chimiques induisant des défauts des capacités motrices et du contrôle postural. La robustesse, la reproductibilité, la productivité et la transférabilité de l'EFPMRT ont été améliorées en développant un nouvel outil logiciel, DanioTracker, effectuant l'analyse automatisée de points finaux liés au comportement locomoteur induit par la stimulation électrique. Ensuite, à l'aide d'une batterie de tests, la neurotoxicité induite par des composés organophosphorés (OP) et leurs métabolites a été évaluée. Les perturbations comportementales ont été évaluées en utilisant l'EFPMRT et un test neurocomportemental complémentaire dépendant des fonctions sensorielles, le visual motor response test (VMRT). La contribution de l'inhibition de l'acétylcholinestérase (AChE) et de la neuropathy target esterase (NTE) aux perturbations comportementales a été testée. Le chlorpyrifos, le parathion et le tri-ortho-crésyl-phosphate ont perturbé les fonctions intégratives de contrôle de la nage de manière quantitativement distincte et ont réduit les capacités neuromusculaires des éleuthéroembryons. Leurs métabolites respectifs, le chlorpyrifos-oxon, le paraoxon et le cresyl-saligénine-phosphate, ont intégralement inhibé l'AChE, induisant ainsi un syndrome cholinergique. Une étude comparative de l'efficacité d'un antidote réactivateur de l'AChE, le pralidoxime (2-PAM), pour atténuer certains effets toxiques, a été effectuée. L'antidote a induit une récupération face aux syndromes cholinergiques associés à l'exposition aux métabolites. De façon remarquable, le 2-PAM a également partiellement restauré les hyperactivités induites par les composés parents de manière vraisemblablement indépendante des activités AChE et NTE. Toutefois, il n'a pas restauré les dysfonctionnements neuromusculaires induits par le parathion ou le tri-ortho-crésyl-phosphate. Ceci suggère l’existence d’un ou plusieurs modes d'action (MOA) OP-spécifiques inconnus, associés aux composés parents mais pas aux métabolites correspondants, dont certains sont récupérables par le 2-PAM. Dans l'ensemble, ce travail offre une NAM robuste et transférable qui contribue à une stratégie d'évaluation globale des risques chimiques. Il révèle également des MOA alternatifs potentiels pour les OP sélectionnés, suggérant la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches sur les métabolites dans le cadre réglementaire, et contribue à la compréhension et à la prévention des troubles neurocomportementaux induits par les expositions environnementales seules ou en mixtures
The growing prevalence of chemical contaminants poses major public health concerns, necessitating efficient methodologies for toxicological risk assessment. An initial work was carried out to optimize a new approach methodology (NAM) using zebrafish pre-feeding larvae, called the electric field pulse (EFP) motor response test (EFPMRT). The method aims to perform a high-throughput screening of chemicals inducing motor capabilities and postural control defects. The robustness, reproducibility, productivity, and transferability of EFPMRT were enhanced by developing a novel software tool, DanioTracker, performing the automated analysis of endpoints linked to EFP-induced locomotor behavior. Then, using a battery of tests, the neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus (OPs) compounds and their metabolites was assessed. Behavioral disruptions were evaluated using EFPMRT and a complementary sensory-dependent neurobehavioral test, the visual motor response test (VMRT). Contributions of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE) inhibition to behavioral disruptions were tested. Chlorpyrifos, parathion and tri-ortho-cresyl-phosphate disturbed integrative swimming control functions in quantitatively distinct manners and decreased the neuromuscular capacities of pre-feeding larvae. Their respective metabolites chlorpyrifos-oxon, paraoxon and cresyl-saligenin-phosphate fully inhibited AChE, thus inducing a cholinergic syndrome. Comparative study of the antidotal efficacy of an AChE reactivator, pralidoxime, in mitigating some toxic effects was performed. The antidote induced a recovery of the cholinergic syndromes associated with metabolites exposure. Strikingly, pralidoxime (2-PAM) also partially restored hyperactivities induced by parent compounds apparently independently of the activities of AChE and NTE. However, it did not restore neuromuscular dysfunctions induced by parathion or tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate. This suggests the existence of one or more unknown OP-specific multiple modes of action (MOAs) associated with parent compound but not corresponding metabolites, of which some are restorable by 2-PAM. Overall, this work offers a robust, transferable NAM that contributes to a comprehensive chemical risk assessment strategy. It also uncovers potential alternative MOA for selected OPs, suggesting the need for further research on metabolites within regulatory frameworks, and contributes to understanding and preventing neurobehavioral disorders induced by environmental exposures alone or in mixtures

Abstract Active control of flow dynamics is an ever-increasing field of study. This paper presents details on a new experimental apparatus for the testing of dynamic fluid-structure interaction and the control thereof. Specifically, the experimental apparatus involves an open return wind tunnel with an actuated rigid airfoil. The airfoil is replaceable, but this initial evaluation uses a flat plate as a basic geometry airfoil. The pitch of the airfoil is actively controlled in real-time via an angle sensor, microcontroller, and brushed DC electric motor. For a given PID controller, sine sweeps are performed to identify the closed-loop frequency response at varying wind speeds. The wind creates a destabilizing feedback torque on the airfoil which increases with wind speed and results in a change in the closed-loop frequency response. A model of the system is augmented with a mathematical model for the wind dynamics. The assumed form wind model is manually tuned to match the closed-loop frequency response for all wind speeds. Finally, steady-state tests are conducted in which the setpoint for angle of attack is incrementally changed and the frequency spectrum is found for the angle sensor, in the control loop, and a hotwire behind the airfoil which is not in the control loop. The results from the angle sensor show the system holds steady, with slight variation at low frequencies for high angles of attack. The results from the hotwire show a distinct sheading frequency at low angles of attack, which is replaced by chaotic low frequency flow at high angles of attack characteristic of flow separation.

An experimental field study investigating the impact of single wheel hub motor failures on the dynamic behavior of a vehicle and the corresponding driver reaction is presented in this work. The experiment is performed at urban speeds on a closed off test track. The single wheel hub motor failure is emulated with an auxiliary brake system in a modified electric vehicle. Driver reaction times are derived from the measured data and discussed in their experimental context. The failure is rated and evaluated objectively based on the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. Findings indicate that driver reactions are more apparent for the accelerator pedal compared to the steering wheel response. The controllability evaluation of the vehicle behavior shows that no critical traffic situation occurs for the tested failure conditions. However, even small deviations of the vehicle can impair traffic safety, specifically for other traffic participants like bicyclist and pedestrians.

The potential production increase from new and existing oil and gas fields worldwide is huge. In some areas, stringent requirements for field recovery specified in the production licence call for the development and utilisation of novel technology concepts. Enhanced recovery may be achieved with wellhead boosting. For specific systems, the booster is preferably installed subsea, either on a single production well or a cluster of these. Development of rotor-dynamic multiphase pumps for topside and subsea applications was initiated at the mid-1980s. A wide range of these pumps are currently installed and in operation worldwide. They typically cover the gas volume fraction (GVF) range from 0 to 0.70. The ability to increase pressure is limited above GVF 0.9, clearly restricting the area of application. In essence, the development of wet gas compressors covering GVFs from 0.95 to 1.0 has been limited to the centrifugal concept, although an axial contra-rotating concept is available. Two new subsea compression systems will be installed, commissioned and in operation from 2015 for the Gullfaks and Åsgard fields on the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS). Their compressors are based on centrifugal and axial technology respectively. Subsea compression is currently being evaluated for several other field developments. The centrifugal compressor has proved to be a robust concept and dominates in the oil and gas industry. Both inert low-pressure and high-pressure real hydrocarbon fluid tests have shown that understanding of the fundamental wet gas compression mechanisms is limited. Evaluating the ability of the centrifugal stage to handle wet fluids has therefore been of specific interest. A wet gas test rig has been designed and built at the NTNU. Its objectives are to validate a wet gas compression system and to determine capabilities and constraints related to the impact of impellerstage performance: • fluid behaviour and dynamics • corrosion and erosion tolerance • surge suppression and stall avoidance • transient operating conditions, including fluctuations in GVF • novel high-precision shaft torque control (static and dynamic) • electric motor and driver response and interactions • total system control. The article focuses on the ongoing test campaigns and related challenges, including test facility design. Understanding the challenges involved is essential for identifying concept constraints at an early stage and ensuring system reliability and availability.

Abstract The application of Electric Submersible Pump Systems (ESP) in harsh reservoir conditions such as high fluid viscosity (extra-heavy oil), high bottom hole temperatures, and high free gas content, represents technical and economic challenges due to low overall system performance and high operational costs associated to excessive energy consumption. This paper describes how Permanent Magnet Motors (PMM) summed up with different pump and gas separation technologies were designed, evaluated, and implemented to successfully overcome the described challenges, achieving greater system efficiency, and reduced energy consumption which translates into a reduced carbon footprint. Several data were recorded from previous runs and nearby wells to understand equipment performance and kilowatts billing modes, including operational data, production tests, and energy consumption measurements. Considering all the gathered information, a non-standard completion was evaluated, designed, and successfully installed. It involved the review and selection of a suitable PMM ESP motor, and innovative technologies to mitigate the presence of high amounts of free gas including multiphase high efficiency pumps in combination with tandem gas separators. The installation was executed according to well planning with good electrical readings before start-up. Function test was performed according to local procedures with expected response of the downhole equipment. The system has been closely monitored under remote surveillance, controlled by a variable speed drive and with strict follow-up of pressures, temperatures, vibrations, and VSD data. After 24 months of operation, relevant information has been collected, the equipment has been running under stable conditions and fluid production is according to expectations. Some relevant ESP performance parameters achieved so far are pump and motor working within recommended operating range with better system efficiency and less power consumption compared with the previous runs (up to 25%), power costs reduced by an average of 22%, power factor increased by up to 18%, and the equipment has shown great response to high temperatures and extreme well conditions. After the stabilization phase, production and applications engineers are assessing the reduction of greenhouse gases emitted by the indirect effect of the application of PMM motors as a great contribution to the long-term decarbonization strategy of the Operator (to reduce 25% of its CO2e emissions by 2030). This paper shows a successful case study for the application of PPMs in ESP systems in wells impacted by harsh reservoir conditions where in the past standard Induction Motors (IM) were non-compliant with the Operator’s strategy for decarbonization. With this technology, the Operator expects to increase system efficiency, while reducing power consumption and carbon footprint. Based on the successful results from this first pilot, the operator is considering the expansion of this application throughout the Field.