Статті в журналах з теми "Electric and gas heating"
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1
Zhang, Chun Liang. "Electric Heating Power Optimization of Natural Gas Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.516.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the analysis of gas flow, energy consumption is mainly in the process of heating gas pipeline and natural gas throttle. For this problem, this paper, heat transfer, thermodynamics, computational fluid dynamics are used, the pipeline throttling, convection of natural gas in the pipe and the heat transfer between the gas, wall panels, heating cable, insulation, soil and the atmosphere are all considered, thermal analysis model between the wellhead and the gas gathering station is established, the electric heating power on the gas pipeline is optimized, the optimal electric heating power can be calculated when the temperature of wellhead and gas gathering station is expected to reach are known. The effect of tube diameter, gas volume, surface temperature on the heating power is analyzed.
2
Ganji, A. R. "Environmental and Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Residential Gas and Heat Pump Heating." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906431.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy efficiency and source air pollutant emission factors of gas heaters, gas engine heat pumps, and electric heat pumps for domestic heating have been evaluated and compared. The analysis shows that with the present state of technology, gas engine heat pumps have the highest energy efficiency followed by electric heat pumps and then gas heaters. Electric heat pumps produce more than twice as much NOx, and comparable CO2 and CO per unit of useful heating energy compared to natural gas heaters. CO production per unit of useful heating energy from gas engine heat pumps without any emission control is substantially higher than electric heat pumps and natural gas heaters. NOx production per unit of useful heating energy from natural gas engine heat pumps (using lean burn technology) without any emission control is about the same as effective NOx production from electric heat pumps. Gas engine heat pumps produce about one-half CO2 compared to electric heat pumps.
3
Speake, Andrew, Paul Donohoo-Vallett, Eric Wilson, Emily Chen, and Craig Christensen. "Residential Natural Gas Demand Response Potential during Extreme Cold Events in Electricity-Gas Coupled Energy Systems." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195192.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In regions where natural gas is used for both power generation and heating buildings, extreme cold weather events can place the electrical system under enormous stress and challenge the ability to meet residential heating and electric demands. Residential demand response has long been used in the power sector to curtail summer electric load, but these types of programs in general have not seen adoption in the natural gas sector during winter months. Natural gas demand response (NG-DR) has garnered interest given recent extreme cold weather events in the United States; however, the magnitude of savings and potential impacts—to occupants and energy markets—are not well understood. We present a case-study analysis of the technical potential for residential natural gas demand response in the northeast United States that utilizes diverse whole-building energy simulations and high-performance computing. Our results show that NG-DR applied to residential heating systems during extreme cold-weather conditions could reduce natural gas demand by 1–29% based on conservative and aggressive strategies, respectively. This indicates a potential to improve the resilience of gas and electric systems during stressful events, which we examine by estimating the impact on energy costs and electricity generation from natural gas. We also explore relationships between hourly indoor temperatures, demand response, and building envelope efficiency.
4
Shuai, Cijun, Chengde Gao, Yi Nie, and Shuping Peng. "Performance improvement of optical fiber coupler with electric heating versus gas heating." Applied Optics 49, no. 24 (August 11, 2010): 4514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.004514.
Повний текст джерела
5
Liu, Hui, Zhihao Zhang, and Shuang Wu. "Theoretical and experimental analysis of thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191223131l.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to solve the problem that the auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate only by relying on external power, and realize the purpose that auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate independently without the external power grid, in this research, a management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator is proposed. Firstly, the process of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is introduced, and the thermodynamic theory of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is analyzed. Then, the experimental conditions of air source self-powered electric gas generator are introduced. Finally, the results of variable speed and terminal variable flow in heating condition and terminal variable flow in cooling condition of the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator are analyzed. The results show that whether the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator studied in this research is in heating or cooling conditions, both the output power of the engine and the power of the compressor increase with the increase of the rotating speed. It can be concluded from the variable flow results in heating conditions that the smaller the end flow is, the smaller the output power of the engine will be. In this way, the loss of heat transfer efficiency of the plate can be reduced as much as possible, and the users? demand for heat can be met.
6
Zhu, Li Qiang, Qin Li Xue, and Shi Hong Zhang. "Study on Earthenware and Exhaust Gas Made by Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the paper, based on the results of lean gas furnace temperature field, the study was carried out on heating earthenware. Compared with earthenware which heated with electric furnace, earthenware heated with Low-carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace was having apparent advantages. The content of the pollutants in exhaust gas was detected during heating in the same time. It would be the conclusion that a trace of pollutants was produced in the highly clean combustion furnace production process, from analyzing and comparing the data under the condition of heating with earthenware and heating without earthenware in the catalytic combustion furnace.
7
Lee, Wongeun, Taesub Lim, and Daeung Danny Kim. "Thermal and Energy Performance Assessment of the Prefab Electric Ondol System for Floor Heating in a Residential Building." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 5723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In South Korea, radiant floor heating has been used from old housing to the recently constructed residential buildings, which is called “Ondol”. The Ondol system is generally a water-based system and it uses hot water as a heat medium provided by boilers fueled by natural gas. With great effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, electric Ondol panels have been increasingly applied to the recent residential buildings for floor heating. While the prefab electric Ondol panels were developed with the demand for dry construction method, the information about the prefab electric Ondol system is not sufficient. For the present study, the thermal performance of the prefab electric Ondol panels was investigated through field measurement. In addition, the heating energy and economic performance of the electric panel were compared with the conventional Ondol system. As a result, a significant surface temperature difference was observed. Moreover, the heating cost for the prefab electric Ondol system was more expensive than the conventional system, even though a heat loss was observed by the operation of the conventional system.
8
William, D. Kerr, M. Laverty David, and J. Best Robert. "Electrical Heating Emissions on the Island of Ireland." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186407001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper shows the effect on household greenhouse gas emissions if standalone or supplementary electric heating was to replace conventional heating methods, based on the present day electrical grid. While having the capability to improve future grid effectiveness and dynamic stability through the potential incorporation of demand side management (DSM). The All-Ireland system has been used in this paper as an example of a network which has been experiencing a significant increase in renewable generation. To show the potential of the electric heating methods the characteristics of existing domestic heating systems will be discussed, in terms of their heat output against their exhaust emissions (gCO2e/kWh). This will then be compared to that of the grid CO2 Intensity, showing the frequency and duration of the possible emission savings involved when using electricity as a main or supplementary heating source.
9
Kou, Guang Xiao, Ling Ling Cai, Yong Jun Ye, Rong Rong Lu, and Pei Na Shang. "Case Analysis of the Solar Heating System Assisted by Condensing Wall-Mounted Gas Heater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taking household heating for an example, this paper has introduced the composition and characteristics of combined heating system with condensing wall-mounted boiler and solar water heater; and through the simple contrastive analysis of the economy and environmental protection with the solar heating system assisted by electric heating and wall-mounted gas heater, it is believed that the heating system combined with condensing gas heater and solar heating is the better choice of household heating considering its energy saving, economy and environmental protection.
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Chen, Ze, Gao Li, Xu Yang, and Yi Zhang. "Experimental Study on Tight Sandstone Reservoir Gas Permeability Improvement Using Electric Heating." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although tight sandstone gas formations are abundant in China, their single-well productivities and exploitation efficiencies are restricted by water blocking from drilling and completion. At present, shut-in, chemical additive application, and hydraulic fracturing are the common approaches applied to handle this problem. However, these approaches are also characterized by low efficiencies or even cause secondary damage. In this study, the impact of high temperatures (of up to 800 °C) on the microstructure of a tight sandstone, including water blocking and gas permeability, are investigated through the electric heating of a simulated wellbore. The results show that the threshold temperature for fracturing of the tight sandstone is approximately 450 to 600 °C. Many secondary microcracks emerged near the wellbore beyond this temperature, improving the gas permeability, with some microcracks visible even after cooling. The gas permeability of the formation after heating to 800 °C increased by 456% and 3992% compared with the initial gas permeability and the water-blocking impacted gas permeability, respectively. This study demonstrates that electric heating is a potential method for improving the permeability of tight gas formations.
11
Coppage, G. N., and S. R. Bell. "Use of an Electrically Heated Catalyst to Reduce Cold-Start Emissions in a Bi-Fuel Spark Ignited Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 1 (August 1, 1999): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1340640.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reduction of cold-start emissions using electrically-heated catalyst (EHC) technology was the focus of this work. Comprehensive emission measurements of CO, CO2,NOx, and total hydrocarbons (THC) are reported for a spark-ignited engine operated on baseline gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG). Electric heating times of 0, 20, and 40 s with and without secondary air injection were investigated. The 40-second electric catalyst heating with secondary air injection scenario yielded the greatest catalyst system (EHC+OEM three-way catalyst) conversion efficiencies for THC, CO, and NOx for gasoline and natural gas fueling. Electric catalyst heating coupled with secondary air injection significantly improved THC and CO emissions for gasoline fueling. THC oxidation was difficult for CNG fueling due to the high content of nonreactive methane in the fuel. The independence of NOx emissions on heating time was demonstrated for all fueling cases.
12
Demchenko, V. G., A. V. Konyk, and M. V. Khomenko. "RESEARCH OF THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICES." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2021.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, there has been a trend of transition from gas to electric heating, due to changes in the energy sector of the economy. Mass use of portable electric heaters allows to reduce fuel consumption by 25%, significantly reduce heat loss and negative impact on the environment. Electric heating is characterized by affordability, high efficiency, low costs of installation and maintenance, the ability to use preferential tariffs.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the technical and economic characteristics and efficiency of typical household electric heaters. The article contains an experimental study of the heat flux and heat of radiation of selected structures. The heat flux density was determined by the calculation method and in comparison with experimental data. Complex heat transfer is taken into account by calculating the heat transfer coefficient. Numerical and experimental study of the natural flow of convection in combination with radiation is carried out with each heated device in the laboratory.
A comparative analysis of the ratio of thermal characteristics to the cost and efficiency of devices. With the help of the author's method of "centers of mass" the comparison of qualitative characteristics of devices is carried out. As a result of the analysis it was established that the ALMAZ TERM Panel does not meet the set quality conditions, which requires further refinement of the design and technological indicators.
Studies show that it is possible to increase the efficiency of heating devices by increasing the consistency of the temperature profile, changing the radiation factor, optimizing the heat transfer surface of the device, as well as by integrating heat storages to store and improve heat distribution. In this case, the electrical energy is converted into heat and stored with subsequent use during peak hours.
13
Saim Memon, Robert Dawson, Zafar Said, Siamak Hoseinzadeh, Ali Sohani, Ali Radwan, and Takao Katsura. "Daylighting, artificial electric lighting, solar heat gain, and space-heating energy performance analyses of electrochromic argon gas-filled smart windows retrofitted to the building." International Journal of Solar Thermal Vacuum Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/stve.3.1.5072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The inevitability to reduce CO2 emissions to avoid preventable climate change is widely being yelped. To minimise the impact of rapidly changing climate, this paper presents novel research findings and contributes to developing electrochromic argon gas-filled glazed smart windows retrofitted to the building with IoT based transparency control. In this, the comparative analyses of the daylighting, electrical lighting, solar heat gain, and space-heating load of the building using the dynamic thermal and electric lighting modelling methods based on real weather temperatures are presented. The daylighting analysis results implicate that the building with electrochromic argon gas-filled smart windows reduced 19% of daylight illuminance during summer months compared with the building retrofitted with double air-filled glazed windows daylight factor remains consistent. As such, the solar heat gains analysis results implicate at least 50 % annual solar heat gain reduction predicted in the building with electrochromic argon gas-filled smart windows in comparison to double air-filled windows. This leads to the conclusion of the space-heating energy analysis that implicates the highest contribution to the space heating demand is the solar heat gain caused by double air-filled glazed windows. The results confirm that the LED artificial electric lighting system requires fewer fittings and thus total power load compared to the fluorescent lighting system, throughout the year, to the building with electrochromic argon gas-filled glazed smart windows. The daylight controls are linked to the electrochromic argon gas-filled glazed smart windows, so they only operate when the glazing is tinted, or the daylight level drops below a set level; this will reduce the energy usage and also lower the space heating of the room.
14
Nudnova, M. M., S. V. Kindysheva, N. L. Aleksandrov, and A. Yu Starikovskii. "Fast gas heating in N 2 /O 2 mixtures under nanosecond surface dielectric barrier discharge: the effects of gas pressure and composition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2048 (August 13, 2015): 20140330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0330.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fractional electron power quickly transferred to heat in non-equilibrium plasmas was studied experimentally and theoretically in N 2 /O 2 mixtures subjected to high electric fields. Measurements were performed in and after a nanosecond surface dielectric barrier discharge at various (300–750 Torr) gas pressures and (50–100%) N 2 percentages. Observations showed that the efficiency of fast gas heating is almost independent of pressure and becomes more profound when the fraction of O 2 in N 2 /O 2 mixtures increases. The processes that contribute towards the fast transfer of electron energy to thermal energy were numerically simulated under the conditions considered. Calculations were compared with measurements and the main channels of fast gas heating were analysed at the gas pressures, compositions and electric fields under study. It was shown that efficient fast gas heating in the mixtures with high fraction of O 2 is due to a notable contribution of heat release during quenching of electronically excited N 2 states in collisions with O 2 molecules and to ion–ion recombination. The effect of hydrocarbon addition to air on fast gas heating was numerically estimated. It was concluded that the fractional electron power transferred to heat in air, as a first approximation, could be used to estimate this effect in lean and stoichiometric hydrocarbon–air mixtures.
15
Sangoi, Juliana May, and Enedir Ghisi. "Energy Efficiency of Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Dwellings in Brazil." Water 11, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this paper was to compare primary energy consumption and energy efficiency during the operation phase of different types and combinations of water heating systems in single-family dwellings. Systems with an electric shower, liquefied petroleum gas heater, and solar heater with electric backup were analysed. The analysis was performed by means of computer simulation using EnergyPlus. Three Brazilian cities with different climates were assessed, i.e., Curitiba, Brasília and Belém. The systems were compared in terms of final energy and primary energy consumption. Results showed that systems with an electric shower, which have a lower water flow rate, led to lower primary energy consumption. The solar heating system combined with an electric shower was the option with the lowest energy consumption, and the solar heating system with a heating element in the storage tank was the option that consumed more energy. The systems were sized according to the requirements of the Brazilian energy efficiency labelling for residential buildings, and the efficiency level was compared to the results of primary energy consumption. The electric shower was found to be the third lowest energy consumer, but it was ranked the least energy efficient by Brazilian labelling, while systems with high energy consumption, such as gas heaters and solar heaters with a heating element in the storage tank, were ranked the most energy efficient. Therefore, a review of the requirements and methodology of the Brazilian energy efficiency labelling for residential buildings is recommended in order to encourage the use of truly efficient systems. Public policies that encourage solar heating systems should establish requirements regarding the configuration and sizing both the solar heating system and the backup system.
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Sokov, V. N., and A. A. Kulibaev. "Intensification of foam technology by the energy of the electrohydrothermalpower field. Part 2. Regularities of optimization of the structure of lightweight foam material under the influence of EHTPF." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 7 (September 18, 2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2020-7-63-66.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The formation of the structure of lightweight foam material is determined by the course of complex processes of a three-phase heterogeneous system. The article studies the control factor ― electric heating, which provides a forced decrease in the moisture content of the foam mass with the acceleration of structuring processes. A model of a gas pore with force vectors is proposed. Internal and external factors affecting the air space during electric heating are analyzed. Thermodynamic changes in the foam system and the phenomena of heat and mass transfer in it are considered. The state of the foam system is determined by variables: temperature, overpressure and electric voltage. Due to the complex effect on the EHTPF foam mass, cavities and stratification are eliminated and the homogeneity of the macrostructure is achieved. The choice of the foaming agent according to the pH and electrical conductivity of the surfactant solution has been substantiated.
17
Sklyar, Aleksey, Iliya Korobko, and Margarita Postnova. "Features of Heating Poultry Houses with Gas Stoves." Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija 11. Estestvennye nauki, no. 2 (August 2018): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu11.2018.2.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, modern poultry farms are located in regions with different climatic conditions. On this basis, the component of the electric power is great in power engineering, the combined heating and ventilating systems, lighting and local heating of poultry farms in the territory of the Russian Federation are based on these constructions. Analysis of energy costs of poultry farms showed that, of the estimated options to reduce the cost of electricity for poultry farms, one of the most effective can be an alternative source such as the generation of its own electricity. Naturally, for biological production with a continuous technological cycle, such as poultry farming, we are not talking about 100 % replacement of power grids - they remain to cover 45-55 % of the needs of the factory and serve as a reserve for the rest.
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Mukolyants, A. A., I. V. Sotnikova, D. K. Ergasheva, F. T. Shadibekova, and A. A. Taubaldiev. "Heating of natural gas before expander - generator unit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The article discusses the replacement of throttling at the stations of technological lowering of the pressure of main natural gas by an expander-generator technology that allows the production of a cheap one with high environmental indicators. The disadvantage of this method of generating electricity is a significant cooling of the gas at the outlet of the expander, which necessitates its heating. The efficiency of the expander-generator set is largely determined by the adopted gas heating scheme. Achieving such heating temperatures is possible only by using high-potential energy resources, which are present in the technological equipment of gas distribution stations in the form of gas heaters with an intermediate heat carrier, designed to heat gas before expansion. Calculations of the amount of fuel gas required for heating the main natural gas in front of the expander-generator unit at the gas distribution stations under consideration have been carried out. The results of the study of the influence of the temperature of gas heating in front of the expander on the consumption of fuel gas supplied for heating and the numbers of heaters are presented. An analytical dependence of the electric power of the heat pump installation on the difference between the total power consumption of the compressor and the power of the air turbine is obtained.
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Béthune, William, and Henrik Latter. "Electric heating and angular momentum transport in laminar models of protoplanetary discs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 6103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa908.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The vertical temperature structure of a protoplanetary disc bears on several processes relevant to planet formation, such as gas and dust grain chemistry, ice lines, and convection. The temperature profile is controlled by irradiation from the central star and by any internal source of heat such as might arise from gas accretion. We investigate the heat and angular momentum transport generated by the resistive dissipation of magnetic fields in laminar discs. We use local 1D simulations to obtain vertical temperature profiles for typical conditions in the inner disc (0.5–4 au). Using simple assumptions for the gas ionization and opacity, the heating and cooling rates are computed self-consistently in the framework of radiative non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics. We characterize steady solutions that are symmetric about the mid-plane and which may be associated with saturated Hall-shear unstable modes. We also examine the dissipation of electric currents driven by global accretion-ejection structures. In both cases we obtain significant heating for a sufficiently high opacity. Strong magnetic fields can induce an order-unity temperature increase in the disc mid-plane, a convectively unstable entropy profile, and a surface emissivity equivalent to a viscous heating of α ∼ 10−2. These results show how magnetic fields may drive efficient accretion and heating in weakly ionized discs where turbulence might be inefficient, at least for a range of radii and ages of the disc.
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Gonzalez-Castellanos, Alvaro, Priyanko Guha Thakurta, and Aldo Bischi. "Congestion management via increasing integration of electric and thermal energy infrastructures." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123805005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Congestion caused in the electrical network due to renewable generation can be effectively managed by integrating electric and thermal infrastructures, the latter being represented by large scale District Heating (DH) networks, often fed by large combined heat and power (CHP) plants. The CHP plants could further improve the profit margin of district heating multi-utilities by selling electricity in the power market by adjusting the ratio between generated heat and power. The latter is possible only for certain CHP plants, which allow decoupling the two commodities generation, namely the ones provided by two independent variables (degrees-of-freedom) or by integrating them with thermal energy storage and Power-to-Heat (P2H) units. CHP units can, therefore, help in the congestion management of the electricity network. A detailed mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model is introduced for solving the network-constrained unit commitment of integrated electric and thermal infrastructures. The developed model contains a detailed characterization of the useful effects of CHP units, i.e., heat and power, as a function of one and two independent variables. A lossless DC flow approximation models the electricity transmission network. The district heating model includes the use of gas boilers, electric boilers, and thermal energy storage. The conducted studies on IEEE 24 bus system highlight the importance of a comprehensive analysis of multi-energy systems to harness the flexibility derived from the joint operation of electric and heat sectors and managing congestion in the electrical network.
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Derii, V. O. "Economic efficiency of district heating systems’ heat generation technologies." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.02.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new selection criterion of heat-generating technologies for the district heating systems (DHS) retrofit, Marginal Levelized Price of Energy (MLPOE), is proposed. MLPOE is the minimum weighted marginal price of thermal energy produced by the technological unit. MLPOE accounts for the costs and incomes of considered heat generation technologies and allows more accurate comparison among technologies that produce only one type of energy with multi-product technologies, e.g. cogeneration technologies and technologies that provide ancillary services to power systems in addition to only heat production. The calculations with the use of the proposed criterion of heat-generation technologies implementation into DHS during its retrofit are showed that: - the electric boilers are economically feasible since as they are capable to provide ancillary services in case of electrical supply failures. The implementation of an electric boiler with an installed capacity of about 10 MW requires 2 -3.5 times higher expenditures for its connection to the grid, which leads to a 2.5 - 5 times longer payback period, but electric boilers' MLPOE is more than 2 times less than the average in Ukraine (1265.8 UAH / Gcal); - the heat pumps usage in DHS is feasible if they are used for heat supply purposes only with the capability to provide ancillary services. The marginal price for ancillary services should be not less than 17.1 € / MWh (as of 2020); - the boilers burning natural gas due to the lowest specific investment costs and hence small payback period will be widely used during DHS retrofit under conditions of low-carbon development of Ukraine; - the biomass burning boilers and cogeneration units will not be widely used due to the limited fuel resource (biomass) and on stock areas. The capacities of 1 - 6 MW are estimated to be in operation for DHS; Gas-piston cogeneration units are economically feasible for daily power system regulation. At the same time, they provide the lowest minimum weighted average break-even price of thermal energy for the heat supply company. Keywords: Marginal Levelized Price of Energy, Levelised Cost of Energy, power system, electric loads, heat pumps, boilers, cogeneration, district heating system
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Li, Hai Jun, Guang Hui Zhou, An Gui Li, Xu Ge Li, Jie Chen, and Tong Chen. "Simulation Study on Characteristics of Ultra-Low Temperature Heat Pump Air Conditioning System for Pure Electric Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2475.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In view of high discharge temperature of compressor, the heating performance attenuated seriously, even unable to work properly and other issues of normal heat pump air conditioning system for electric vehicles under low temperature conditions, a gas-mixing heat pump air conditioning system for pure electric vehicles is designed. Based on the first law of thermodynamics and coupling properties among all components, the mathematical model of this system is established. The analog computation of main performance parameters of this system is carried out by this model, having a better match in comparison with experimental results. By simulation, the results show that the system can effectively solve the problems of high exhaust temperature from compressor and heating performance attenuation seriously of non-gas-mixing heat pump air conditioning system for pure electric vehicles under low temperature condition.
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Buthelezi, Sikhumbuzo, Thandi Kapwata, Bianca Wernecke, Candice Webster, Angela Mathee, and Caradee Wright. "Household Fuel Use for Heating and Cooking and Respiratory Health in a Low-Income, South African Coastal Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In low-income communities, non-electric fuel sources are typically the main cause of Household Air Pollution (HAP). In Umlazi, a South African coastal, informal settlement, households use electric- and non-electric (coal, wood, gas, paraffin) energy sources for cooking and heating. The study aimed to determine whether respiratory ill health status varied by fuel type use. Using a questionnaire, respondents reported on a range of socio-demographic characteristics, dwelling type, energy use for cooking and heating as well as respiratory health symptoms. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to obtain the adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) for the effects of electric and non-electric energy sources on prevalence of respiratory infections considering potential confounding factors. Among the 245 households that participated, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI, n = 27) were prevalent in respondents who used non-electric sources compared to electric sources for heating and cooking. There were statistically significant effects of non-electric sources for heating (adjusted OR = 3.6, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.2–10.1, p < 0.05) and cooking (adjusted OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1–7.9, p < 0.05) on prevalence of URTIs. There was a statistically significant effect of electric sources for heating (adjusted OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.1–6.4, p < 0.05) on prevalence of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) but no evidence for relations between non-electric sources for heating and LRTIs, and electric or non-electric fuel use type for cooking and LRTIs. Energy switching, mixing or stacking could be common in these households that likely made use of multiple energy sources during a typical month depending on access to and availability of electricity, funds to pay for the energy source as well as other socio-economic or cultural factors. The importance of behaviour and social determinants of health in relation to HAP is emphasized.
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Sgarbi, Felipe De Albuquerque, Danielle Johann Guilherme, Taluia Croso, Alberto Fossa, Edmilson Moutinho Dos Santos, and Murilo Tadeu Werneck Fagá. "Perspectivas Futuras do Aquecimento Residencial de Água no Brasil: uma Análise a Partir da Construção de Cenários." Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24023/futurejournal/2175-5825/2014.v6i2.174.
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In Brazil, electricity is the prime energy carrier for bath shower heating purposes. However, since analyses indicate that expansion of the country´s electricity generation capacity shall spruce from an increased non-renewable sources’ stake in detriment to that of hydroelectricity, high electricity consumption rates that spring from home end uses of the kind have drawn the attention of those who are involved with local energy planning. Furthermore, massive use of electric showers in a short timeframe largely drive electricity demands to culminate in peak loads. For water heating purposes, this context has favoured an alternative to electricity, deemed feasible from both an efficiency and energy infrastructure standpoint: promote fuel gas consumption (liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas in particular). A scenario methodology is herein employed to map electric shower use related variables and players and assess the future behaviour of the core elements that condition resorting to this technology. Thereafter, strategies and opportunities to promote the rational consumption of the country´s power sources ground on the increased use of fuel gases for residential water heating purposes are discussed.
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Taymarov, Mikhail, and Elena Saltanaeva. "Electric Spark Alloying of Radiant Coils for Pyrolysis Furnaces." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134602024.
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Currently, the petrochemical industry uses furnaces to produce ethylene, the main element of which is radiant coils designed for the decomposition of straight-run gasoline into pyrolysis gas, which is the main product for producing ethylene. In radiant coils, the gasoline decomposition process must take place at a temperature of about 800 °C with a high heating rate in order to avoid coking of the coils. Heat is supplied by radiation from the inner lining of the furnaces heated by the flame of flat-flame gas burners. For radiant heat transfer to occur, the surface of the coils must have a high degree of blackness. This article presents the developed technology for coating heating surfaces with shungite and the results of increasing their emissivity to intensify radiant heat transfer. Measurements of the emissivity after electrospark alloying were carried out by the radiation method, according to which, according to Kirchhoff’s law, the emissivity is equal to the emissivity at equal temperatures.
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Fang, Peng, Cui Mao, Yuping Chen, Shan Zhou, Rui You, and Siqi Chen. "Optimal operation of regional integrated energy system based on demand-side load response." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021302005.
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The integrated energy system (IES) has the advantage of improving energy utilization and promoting energy flexibility. From the perspective of demand-side load response, this paper establishes demand-side power, thermal load response, and natural gas demand response models, and then constructs the objective function of the lowest operating cost of the regional IES for combined electric heating and gas supply, using Cplex to perform optimization. Finally, a typical northern park is taken as an example to analyze and verify the feasibility of the model and algorithm. The analysis of the case shows that considering the electric heating gas demand side response will be better than not considering or considering only the single and both responses, not only can reduce operating costs, achieve peak reduction and valley filling, but also reduce abandonment of wind and energy, and increase energy utilization rate.
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Karpushin, V. K., G. N. Bezdenezhskij, and V. V. Dmitrenko. "Modernization of hardening electric furnaces by transferring them to natural gas heating." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 4 (July 9, 2020): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-4-403-408.
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Barkhudarov, É. M., T. S. Zhuravskaya, I. A. Kossyi, V. A. Levin, V. V. Markov, N. A. Popov, N. M. Tarasova, S. M. Temchin, and M. I. Taktakishvili. "Axisymmetric electric discharge as a means for distant heating of gas media." Plasma Physics Reports 35, no. 11 (November 2009): 924–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x09110038.
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Gurevich, Yu G., and G. N. Logvinov. "Electron gas heating by a dc electric field in submicron semiconductor layers." Physics Letters A 155, no. 4-5 (May 1991): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(91)90491-p.
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Liu, Xue Lai, Guan Zhu Wang, Yong An Li, and Xiao Feng Zhang. "The Logical Choice of Auxiliary Heat Source for Solar Energy Water Heating System." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.303.
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This article describes the solar hot water system, and establishes the computational model of hot water system. It analyzes the economical efficiency of solar water heaters which equipped with electric water heaters, gas water heaters and air-source heat pump water heaters. The results show that the initial investment of the system which equipped with an electric water heater and a gas water heater is almost, but the operating cost which equipped with a gas water heater system is lower. The operating cost which equipped with an air-source heat pump water heater is the lowest, though the initial investment is the highest. The solar hot water system which equipped with an air-source heat pump water heater has important reference value for going low-carbon economy road in China.
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Karanikas, John, Guillermo Pastor, and Scott Penny. "Downhole electric heating of heavy-oil wells." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 10, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.273.
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Downhole electric heating has historically been unreliable or limited to short, often vertical, well sections. Technology improvements over the past several years now allow for reliable, long length, relatively high-powered, downhole electric heating suitable for extended-reach horizontal wells. The application of this downhole electric heating technology in a horizontal cold-producing heavy oil well in Alberta, Canada is presented in this paper.
The field case demonstrates the benefits and efficacy of applying downhole electric heating, especially if it is applied early in the production life of the well. Early production data showed 4X-6X higher oil rates from the heated well than from a cold-producing benchmark well in the same reservoir. In fact, after a few weeks of operation, it was no longer possible to operate the benchmark well in pure cold-production mode as it watered out, whereas the heated well has been producing for twenty (20) months without any increase in water rate. The energy ratio, defined as the heating value of the incremental produced oil to the injected heat, is over 20.0, resulting in a carbon-dioxide footprint of less than 40 kgCO2/bbl, which is lower than the greenhouse gas intensity of the average crude oil consumed in the US.
A numerical simulation model that includes reactions that account for the foamy nature of the produced oil and the downhole injection of heat, has been developed and calibrated against field data. The model can be used to prescribe the range of optimal reservoir and fluid properties to select the most promising targets (fields, wells) for downhole electric heating as a production optimization method. The same model can also be used during the execution of the project to explore optimal operating conditions and operating procedures.
Downhole electric heating in long horizontal wells is now a commercially available technology that can be reliably applied as a production optimization recovery scheme in heavy oil reservoirs. Understanding the optimum reservoir conditions where the application of downhole electric heating maximizes economic benefits will assist in identifying areas of opportunity to meaningfully increase reserves and production in heavy oil reservoirs around the world.
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Лашков, В. А., Ю. В. Добров, М. Е. Ренев, И. Ч. Машек, Н. Ж. Джайчибеков та Б. С. Шалабаева. "Исследование температурного поля газа в следе импульсного электрического разряда". Журнал технической физики 92, № 4 (2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2022.04.52241.294-21.
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This article devoted to the study of gas heating in the region of an electric interelectrode discharge. The dynamics of local heating is studied using numerical methods and experimentally using an interferometer. The research results make it possible to evaluate the change in the temperature distribution in the cross section of the discharge track, the dynamics of the maximum heating temperature and the size of the heated area.
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Hajabdollahi, Hassan, and Zahra Hajabdollahi. "Economic feasibility of trigeneration plants for various prime movers and triple load demands." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915597832.
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In this paper, after thermal and economic modeling of cogeneration plant, this system is optimized to find the optimal prime mover and their benefit for various cooling, heating, and electrical demand loads. To find the optimal prime mover and their benefit for each triple load, two new nondimensional design parameters including electric cooling ratio and nominal power ratio are defined. It is observed that, for example, for higher electrical and lower heating load demands, the gas engine is more profitable while for higher electrical and heating load demands, diesel engine is more profitable. In addition, some ranges of demand loads at which using CCHP plant is not profitable (in comparison with traditional system) are also obtained and presented. The optimum results obtained in NO SELL mode show that the highest values of actual annual benefit (AAB) are obtained for highest values of electrical load demand. This region corresponds with values of Hdmn/ Qdmn (heating to cooling load demand ratio) in the range of 1.5–3.5. The highest values of AAB for SELL mode are obtained to be in the range of 0.5–3.5 for Hdmn/ Qdmn (heating to cooling load demand ratio).
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Lien, Ingebjørg. "Direct electric heating: an environmentally friendly flow-assurance tool." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12059.
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In subsea flowlines, water in the line can form an ice-like structure called a hydrate plug. Wax appearance in flowlines also is a common flow assurance issue. Hydrate and wax appearance can reduce or stop production for weeks. Preventing hydrate and wax in pipelines is a major concern for the oil and gas industry. Direct electric heating (DEH) is a modern and environmentally friendly flow-assurance tool that can reduce capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenditures (OPEX) in field development, reduce the probability of pollution, and reduce handling of toxic disposals as a result of traditional chemical flow assurance methods. DEH is based on using the pipeline as part of the electrical circuit, generating losses in the steel pipe to keep the pipeline and its content above the critical temperatures. Use of DEHs also increases the efficiency at the process plant after planned or unplanned production stops. For marginal fields and fields with heavy or waxy oil, DEH is a flow-assurance method that can enable these fields to be developed profitably. DEH is now a mature technology used for 13–14 years on the Norwegian continental shelf and technology implemented and used in West Africa recently. How successful this technology has been can be summarised by the Tyrihans field where Statoil quoted that they—on this project alone—saved about $USD175 million by implementing DEH. Wärtsilä has been part of the DEH development in Norway since the 90s, and undertakes design and supply of the complete topside power package in addition to electric and optical protection specially developed for DEH systems.
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Zhou, Yangping, Zhengwei Gu, Yujie Dong, Fangzhou Xu, and Zuoyi Zhang. "Combining Dual Fluidized Bed and High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor for Co-Producing Hydrogen and Synthetic Natural Gas by Biomass Gasification." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 5683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185683.
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Biomass gasification to produce burnable gas now attracts an increasing interest for production flexibility in the renewable energy system. However, the biomass gasification technology using dual fluidized bed which is most suitable for burnable gas production still encounters problems of low production efficiency and high production cost. Here, we proposed a large-scale biomass gasification system to combine dual fluidized bed and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) for co-production of hydrogen and synthetic natural gas (SNG). The design of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor biomass gasification (HTR-BiGas) consists of one steam supply module to heat inlet steam of the gasifier by HTR and ten biomass gasification modules to co-produce 2000 MWth hydrogen and SNG by gasifying the unpretreated biomass. Software for calculating the mass and energy balances of biomass gasification was developed and validated by the experiment results on the Gothenburg biomass gasification plant. The preliminary economic evaluation showed that HTR-BiGas and the other two designs, electric auxiliary heating and increasing recirculated product gas, are economically comparative with present mainstream production techniques and the imported natural gas in China. HTR-BiGas is the best, with production costs of hydrogen and SNG around 1.6 $/kg and 0.43 $/Nm3, respectively. These designs mainly benefit from proper production efficiencies with low fuel-related costs. Compared with HTR-BiGas, electric auxiliary heating is hurt by the higher electric charge and the shortcoming of increasing recirculated product gas is its lower total production. Future works to improve the efficiency and economy of HTR-BiGas and to construct related facilities are introduced.
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Zhang, Zhi Guo, Chen Lin, Da Kui Feng, and Ray Still. "Improving Plastic Thermoform Quality with Uniform Heating Technology." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.204.
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The experimental studies were conducted to study the plastic thermoforming heating process. The heaters performance has been evaluated from two different ways: heating water calorimeter for heating efficiency and heating plastics for thermoform processes. The studies of the heaters include gas-fired heater and electric heater. Transient heating processes of plastics were also studied to investigate the heater’s performance on plastics. The surface temperature of plastic at the end of heating process was measured by IR camera. The heating cycle time, surface temperature uniformity of plastic and energy consumed for the heating cycle by different heaters were discussed. The pros and cons of different heaters for plastic heating process were also discussed in this paper.
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Xie, Xionggang, Jin Yang, XiangYing Luo, and Jianjun Ren. "Numerical Simulation of Seepage-Heat-Solid Coupling of Gas Seepage in Prepumped Boreholes under Electrothermal High Temperature Field." Geofluids 2022 (April 6, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8706365.
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In order to verify the law of coal bed gas desorption and permeability under electrothermal high-temperature field, by establishing the mathematical model of gas seepage-heat-solid coupling, and taking gas drainage working face in Guizhou as an engineering example, the characteristics of the high-temperature field of coal under different heating hole temperatures are simulated. The COMSOL software is used to simulate the high-temperature field characteristics, thermal damage, and permeability of coal under different heating hole temperatures. The numerical simulation results show the following:(1) the influence trend of a high-temperature field on coal thermal damage and permeability is consistent, when the heating temperature is higher than 600°C, the thermal damage and permeability of coal seam change suddenly and increase with the increase of temperature. (2) When the temperature of a heating hole is 200-800°C, the gas permeability in the damaged area increases with the increase of temperature. When the heating temperature is greater than 600°C, the radial and axial permeability around the heating hole will increase. (3) Compared with the experimental data obtained by the existing researchers, the simulation results of coal permeability under the electric heating high-temperature field have a high consistency with the experimental results of Junrong and others.
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Starikovskiy, Andrey. "Physics and chemistry of plasma-assisted combustion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2048 (August 13, 2015): 20150074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0074.
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There are several mechanisms that affect a gas when using discharge plasma to initiate combustion or to stabilize a flame. There are two thermal mechanisms—the homogeneous and inhomogeneous heating of the gas due to ‘hot’ atom thermalization and vibrational and electronic energy relaxation. The homogeneous heating causes the acceleration of the chemical reactions. The inhomogeneous heating generates flow perturbations, which promote increased turbulence and mixing. Non-thermal mechanisms include the ionic wind effect (the momentum transfer from an electric field to the gas due to the space charge), ion and electron drift (which can lead to additional fluxes of active radicals in the gradient flows in the electric field) and the excitation, dissociation and ionization of the gas by e-impact, which leads to non-equilibrium radical production and changes the kinetic mechanisms of ignition and combustion. These mechanisms, either together or separately, can provide additional combustion control which is necessary for ultra-lean flames, high-speed flows, cold low-pressure conditions of high-altitude gas turbine engine relight, detonation initiation in pulsed detonation engines and distributed ignition control in homogeneous charge-compression ignition engines, among others. Despite the lack of knowledge in mechanism details, non-equilibrium plasma demonstrates great potential for controlling ultra-lean, ultra-fast, low-temperature flames and is extremely promising technology for a very wide range of applications.
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Song, Seung-Yeong, Hye-Sun Jin, Soo-Yeon Ha, Sung-Im Kim, You-Jeong Kim, Soo-Jin Lee, and In-Ae Suh. "Detailed Office Building Energy Information Based on In Situ Measurements." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123050.
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Energy consumption in the building sector has been continuously increasing, and energy conservation in this sector has become critical for achieving the national goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In South Korea, information on energy sources (electricity, gas, district heating, etc.) is provided, but detailed energy use information, such as space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water (DHW) and lighting, is insufficient to establish a specific action plan for energy savings. Energy use information by end-use can be acquired through actual measurements in close proximity to actual energy use. This information reflects the effects of complex elements such as building operations and residential characteristics, but it is also insufficient. This study presents statistical data on energy use intensities (EUIs) and greenhouse-gas-emission intensities by end-use, derived by measured data collected from 48 sample office buildings in representative city from May 2017 to April 2018, and compares those with the U.S. commercial building energy consumption survey (CBECS) 2012 report. The average site EUIs by end-use were in the following order: space heating > electric appliances (typical floors) > space cooling > lighting > air movement > DHW > vertical transportation > city water supply. With regard to the average primary EUIs by end-use, the magnitude relationship between electric appliances (typical floors) and space heating was opposite that of the average site EUIs. Vertical transportation and DHW exhibited almost the same average greenhouse-gas-emission intensities as those of the average annual primary EUIs. The average site EUIs in the CBECS 2012 data were slightly different from those in this study: electric appliances, etc. > space heating > air movement > lighting > space cooling > DHW. The number of office buildings monitored in this study increased until 2019 (the number of total samples: 85), and the intensity data by end-use will be brought up to date through continuous measurement.
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Bianchi, M., G. Negri di Montenegro, and A. Peretto. "Cogenerative Below Ambient Gas Turbine (BAGT) Performance With Variable Thermal Power." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 3 (June 24, 2005): 592–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1707032.
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The use of gas turbine and combined cycle power plants for thermal and electric power generation is, nowadays, a consolidated technology. Moreover, the employment of combined heat and power production, especially for low power requirements, is constantly increasing. In this scenario, below ambient pressure discharge gas turbine (BAGT) is an innovative and interesting application; the hot gases discharged from a gas turbine may be expanded below ambient pressure to obtain an increase in electric power generation. The gases are then cooled to supply heat to the thermal utility and finally recompressed to the ambient pressure. The power plant cogenerative performance depends on the heat and electric demand that usually varies during the year (for residential heating the heat to electric power ratio may range from 0.3 to 9). In this paper, the thermal load variation influence on the BAGT performance will be investigated and compared with those of gas turbine and combined cycle power plants.
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Puzanov, O. "Employment of electric torch discharge and a steam-gas generator in surface schooping of materials." RADIOFIZIKA I ELEKTRONIKA 25, no. 4 (2020): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rej2020.04.066.
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Subject and Purpose. The present paper is concerned with the method of surface schooping of materials using high-frequency torch discharge (HFTD) and glycerol vapor as a base for dissolving activating additives to the working gas. To approach the problem, a steam generator is employed in an effort to improve the HFTD catalytic performance in the activation of surfaces and deposition of coatings on them. The purpose is to develop a design technique of a steam generator intended for making a proper gas environment in the HFTD burning area. The discussed design techniques seek to enhance efficiency of the self-contained steam generator with allowance for its small size compared to the wavelength. Methods and Methodology. The analysis of the glycerol vapor behavior in the HFTD plasma depends on the knowledge of glycerol molecule ionization potential in the electron impact case. To find out about the measure to which the glycerol vapor affects the HFTD current, a known calcium ionization potential is used as a defined point. The heating elements as part of the steam generator are designed in terms of thermal design methodology adopted in the electroheating machine making. The calculation formulas of the running time ratios of the steam generator with various heating elements and energy efficiencies have been obtained in terms of galvanic cell theory. Results. It has been shown that glycerol vapor itself cannot affect the HFTD current. For the HFTD excitation, the microwave region has been chosen. In cooperation with activating additives to the discharge plasma, this factor also adds to the HFTD current increase. Hence, the HFTD catalytic performance depends not only on the HFTD energy and its excitation field frequency but on the glycerol-dissolved additives as well. A special design has been developed for the heating element as part of a small-size steam generator. Reference tables have been composed, enabling one to pick up a prpoper diameter and number of parallel connected wires in the spiral coil. Conclusion. A good use of glycerol vapor as a base for vaporous fluxes and activating additives to the HFTD working gas has been shown. The developed design technique concerning the heating element of the steam generator optimizes its heating circuit. Specifically, it enhances the steam generation and reduces the power consumption of the steam generator running on the galvanic cell. Second, it makes it possible to use stainless-steel spiral heating coils in regime of automatic temperature control.
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Wang, Yongli, Xin Chen, Lisha Fan, Minhan Zhou, Huanran Dong, Kunpeng Zhao, and Shaokun Jia. "Operation optimization of multi-energy flow integrated energy system based on multi-objective." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021302022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to solve the problem that most of the existing combined cooling, heating and power integrated energy systems only consider the investment cost of the system unit or the system environmental pollution affecting the overall optimization of the system, with the goal of system economy and environmental protection, the construction of gas turbines, gas boilers, The optimization model of the combined cooling, heating and power system of electric refrigerators and other units and the establishment of constraint conditions; according to the requirements of the cooling, heating, and electric loads in the dispatch cycle, as well as the energy supply efficiency of each equipment of the system, the starting and stopping power and other operating parameters are in the interval. Based on the respective data, a multi-energy flow regional integrated energy system economic dispatch optimization operation strategy optimized within the dispatch period is proposed. The results show that the operation strategy can take into account the economy and environmental protection of the system at the same time, make the system operation more optimized.
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Ašmontas, S., J. Požela, L. Subačius, and G. Valušis. "Electron gas heating and cooling effects by microwave electric fields in compensated InSb." Solid-State Electronics 31, no. 3-4 (March 1988): 701–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(88)90371-1.
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Schmid, R., and J. P. Budliger. "Resonance Stirling Engine producing heat and power (CHP)." E3S Web of Conferences 313 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131301003.
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The free-piston Resonance Stirling engine forms a new “electricity producing heating system”. Its compact assembly operates reliably and at high efficiency, setting new standards for small heating systems. Complete units are currently submitted to a prolonged test program, preparing their production at an industrial scale. The engines are heated from outside by a FLOX-burner (flameless flue gas recirculation burner), exposing the working gas to high temperatures. Even at low excess air rates the flue gases are virtually free of pollutants. The free pistons of this resonance concept oscillate in a perfectly stable mode, entailing an important cyclic pressure swing to the working gas. The electric efficiency exceeds 25% and total efficiency (electricity + useful heat) lies above 90%. The heating power of the fuel is used with high benefit, promising a widespread application to this new technology.
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Li, Bo, Yuan Ye, Tingting Zhang, and Qingcui Wan. "Numerical Investigation into the Gas Production from Hydrate Deposit under Various Thermal Stimulation Modes in a Multi-Well System in Qilian Mountain." Entropy 23, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070800.
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The primary objective of this study was to investigate the energy recovery performance of the permafrost hydrate deposit in the Qilian Mountain at site DK-2 using depressurization combined with thermal injection by the approach of numerical simulation. A novel multi-well system with five horizontal wells was applied for large-scale hydrate mining. The external heat is provided by means of water injection, wellbore heating, or the combinations of them through the central horizontal well, while the fluids are extracted outside from the other four production wells under constant depressurization conditions. The injected water can carry the heat into the hydrate deposit with a faster rate by thermal convection regime, while it also raises the local pressure obviously, which results in a strong prohibition effect on hydrate decomposition in the region close to the central well. The water production rate is always controllable when using the multi-well system. No gas seepage is observed in the reservoir due to the resistance of the undissociated hydrate. Compared with hot water injection, the electric heating combined with normal temperature water flooding basically shows the same promotion effect on gas recovery. Although the hydrate regeneration is more severe in the case of pure electric heating, the external heat can be more efficiently assimilated by gas hydrate, and the efficiency of gas production is best compared with the cases involving water injection. Thus, pure wellbore heating without water injection would be more suitable for hydrate development in deposits characterized by low-permeability conditions.
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Negovora, Andrey V., Makhmut M. Razyapov, and Arseniy A. Kozeyev. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF HOT GAS GENERATORS FOR HEATING AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 2, no. 143 (June 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2021-59-2-46-53.
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Hot gas generators are used as a source of thermal energy for pre-start preparation of motor vehicles in cold climatic conditions. Their wide application is due to the high thermal power and safety. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in determining the possibilities of using thermoelectric modules to reduce the energy consumption of the battery by hot gas generators. (Materials and methods) Authors used research methods based on the application of standard techniques, while the object of research was the power supply system of a thermal energy source. (Results and discussion) Authors conducted research on ways and methods to reduce the electric consumption of a hot gas generator by recuperating thermal energy into electrical energy using thermoelectric generator modules. The thermoelectric converters installed on the heat pipe of the hot gas generator, due to the high temperature difference, will allow to obtain a high value of the electromotive force. Modeling of the nozzle in the software package of the Ansys three-dimensional modeling system showed that part of the heat energy goes through the surface of the heat pipe. The article proposes the use of a nozzle with a thermoelectric converter installed on the outer surface of the cylinder instead of a heat pipe. The article presents the mathematical model of an improved hot gas generator nozzle. (Conclusions) The use of a thermoelectric converter for the utilization of thermal energy and the replacement of energy losses of the battery, which feeds the hot gas generator, will reduce the internal power losses of the battery and increase the technical readiness of automotive equipment. The introduction of a comprehensive heat treatment system, which is intelligently and functionally linked to a remote monitoring system, will significantly increase the service life of the units most exposed to temperature influences.
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He, Shiyao, Yuxi Ji, Wenhong Feng, Liling Wang, Tao Yang, Jintao Ji, Xuehu Wang, and Yang Li. "Research and Application of Air Source Heat Pump Technology at Rd. 60-10 Oil Delivery Site." E3S Web of Conferences 218 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021801005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The heating methods currently used at oil delivery sites and transfer stations on North China Oilfield include electric bar heating, fuel oil heating, gas heating, etc. The traditional heating methods have adverse effect on energy conservation and environmental protection. They have low energy efficiency of heating and produces great pollution to the environment. The air source heat pump technology uses the heat in the air as the low-temperature heat source and transforms it to the high-temperature hot water, which will later serve as a heat tracing for crude oil gathering and transportation. No combustion effluent is produced in operation and the energy-saving effect is outstanding with high social-benefit.
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Pearce, Joshua M., and Nelson Sommerfeldt. "Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is now a profitable method to decarbonize the grid, but if catastrophic climate change is to be avoided, emissions from transportation and heating must also decarbonize. One approach to renewable heating is leveraging improvements in PV with heat pumps (HPs). To determine the potential for PV+HP systems in northern areas of North America, this study performs numerical simulations and economic analysis using the same loads and climate, but with local electricity and natural gas rates for Sault Ste. Marie, in both Canada and U.S. Ground-mounted, fixed-tilt, grid-tied PV systems are sized to match 100% of electric loads considering cases both with and without air source HPs for residences with natural gas-based heating. For the first time the results show North American residents can profitably install residential PV+HP systems, earning up to 1.9% return in the U.S. and 2.7% in Canada, to provide for all of their electric and heating needs. Returns on PV-only systems are higher, up to 4.3%; however, the PV capacities are less than half. These results suggest northern homeowners have a clear and simple method to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by making an investment that offers a higher internal rate of return than savings accounts, CDs and GICs in both countries. Residential PV and solar-powered heat pumps can be considered 25-year investments in financial security and environmental sustainability.
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Liang, Yun-Pei, Shu Liu, Qing-Cui Wan, Bo Li, Hang Liu, and Xiao Han. "Comparison and Optimization of Methane Hydrate Production Process Using Different Methods in a Single Vertical Well." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is a potential type of clean and efficient energy that is widely distributed in the ocean and permafrost, and most of the present researches are mainly focused on finding out efficient exploitation methods. Taking the effects of natural gas productivity and extraction time into account, one of the exploitation methods that are most commonly investigated is depressurization combined with thermal stimulation. However, few studies considered the effect of different mining methods on NGH production in vertical wells, especially aiming at the in-situ electric heating without mass injection and the comparison of production efficiency in different modes. Considering the current research status, four exploitation methods which are pure depressurization (PD), pure heating (PH), simultaneous depressurization combined with electric heating (SDH) and huff and puff (H&P) were carried out in this paper to study the influences of different production methods on NGH exploitation in a vertical well. Some parameters such as gas production (VP), water production (CP) and the energy efficiency (η) were investigated to evaluate the production performance of these methods. The results suggest that the temperature in the reactor is affected by the exploitation methods as well as the water production during exploitation. For PD, although it has no extra energy consumption, the longest production period is seen in it due to the insufficient pressure driving force. On the contrary, the NGH cannot be completely exploited only triggered by heating driving force with PH method. So there is a limited decomposition effect with it. Taking the gas production time, the VP, and the NGH dissociation rate into account, the production effects of SDH are more beneficial than other methods as the dual decomposition driving force was adopted in it. Furthermore, a reasonable heating power can result in a better production performance. On the other hand, promoted by pressure difference and discontinuous heating, H&P shows its obvious advantage in shortening production duration and improving energy efficiency, which is therefore believed to have the best commercial exploitation value among the four methods.
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Cheema, Taqi Ahmad, Haider Ali, Kyung Won Kim, Choon Young Lee, Moon Kyu Kwak, and Cheol Woo Park. "Numerical Investigation on the Effects of Sample Wire Motion in a Tube Furnace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A tube furnace is a heat treatment device in which a specimen is heated in the presence of an inert gas using electric heating coils embedded in a thermally insulating matrix. Heat flux and temperature gradients of sample during heat treatment in a tube furnace depend on the gas and wire velocities. These parameters were used in this paper for a 2-D axisymmetric numerical study to determine an optimized relationship between the temperature and the sample wire motion. The results show that wire velocity considerably affected the wire temperature distribution and increased the gas temperature to some extent. The phenomenon resulted in the shifting of the heating zone on the wire surface and occurrence of an inner convection heat transfer.