Статті в журналах: "Elastomer spinning"

1

Honaker, Lawrence W., Shameek Vats, Manos Anyfantakis, and Jan P. F. Lagerwall. "Elastic sheath–liquid crystal core fibres achieved by microfluidic wet spinning." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 37 (2019): 11588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03836a.

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2

Kántor, József, Rudolf László Farmos, and Attila Levente Gergely. "Optimization of Oil Sorbent Thermoplastic Elastomer Microfiber Production by Centrifugal Spinning." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2023): 3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163368.

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Fibrous structures are promising candidates for oil–water separation applications. In this study, we have produced poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) thermoplastic elastomeric fibers with the centrifugal spinning fiber production method. The optimal fiber production conditions were achieved when using a 25% w/w solution concentration in an 80/20 tetrahydrofuran/toluene (w/w) solvent system at 8000 rpm rotational speed. The produced fibers were bead-free and smooth-surfaced with a diameter of 3.68 µm. The produced fibers were highly hydrophobic and oleophilic, suggested by a water contact angle of 129° and the instantaneous absorption of the oil droplet. The oil absorption study showed fast absorption kinetics with 94% relative oil uptake after 1 min and a maximum of 16.5 g sunflower oil/g fiber. The results suggest that polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomers could be promising alternatives in oil absorption applications.

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3

Toprakci, Ozan, Mukaddes Sevval Cetin, and Hatice Aylin Karahan Toprakci. "Production of Styrene-[Ethylene-(Ethylene-Propylene)]-Styrene Block Copolymer (SEEPS) Microfibers by Electrospinning." Material Science Research India 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/180104.

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Thermoplastic elastomer-based fibers have many advantages including lightness, flexibility, resilience. Styrene-[ethylene-(ethylene-propylene)]-styrene (SEEPS) is a styrenic block copolymer based thermoplastic elastomer and it can be used for many applications with many functions as a matrix, compatibilizer, modifier or adhesive. It has good resistance to oxidizing agents, weathering, aging, and it can be used under various conditions. In this study, SEEPS block copolymer fibers were electrospun. This study is the first study about the electrospinning of SEEPS block copolymer in the literature. Various spinning solutions were used, and process was optimized by changing the electrospinning conditions. Fiber morphology was analyzed by an optical microscope and fiber diameter distribution histograms were drawn. In order to understand the effects of polymer concentration on electrospinning, viscosity of the spinning solutions was measured. Although electrospinning conditions were found to be critical in terms of spinnability, solution concentration and viscosity were the most significant factors for obtaining flexible SEEPS based fibrous nonwoven mats.

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4

Regnier, Julie, Aurélie Cayla, Christine Campagne, and Éric Devaux. "Melt Spinning of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Water Detection." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010092.

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In many textile fields, such as industrial structures or clothes, one way to detect a specific liquid leak is the electrical conductivity variation of a yarn. This yarn can be developed using melt spun of Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs), which blend insulating polymer and electrically conductive fillers. This study examines the influence of the proportions of an immiscible thermoplastic/elastomer blend for its implementation and its water detection. The thermoplastic polymer used for the detection property is the polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) filled with enough carbon nanotubes (CNT) to exceed the percolation threshold. However, the addition of fillers decreases the polymer fluidity, resulting in the difficulty to implement the CPC. Using an immiscible polymers blend with an elastomer, which is a propylene-based elastomer (PBE) permits to increase this fluidity and to create a flexible conductive monofilament. After characterizations (morphology, rheological and mechanical) of this blend (PA6.6CNT/PBE) in different proportions, two principles of water detection are established and carried out with the monofilaments: the principle of absorption and the short circuit. It is found that the morphology of the immiscible polymer blend had a significant role in the water detection.

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5

Dutta, N. K., N. Roy Choudhury, B. Haidar, A. Vidal, J. B. Donnet, L. Delmotte, and J. M. Chezeau. "High-Resolution Solid State NMR Investigation of the Filler-Rubber Interaction: Part III. Investigation on the Structure and Formation Mechanism of Carbon Gel in the Carbon Black-Filled Styrene—Butadiene Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 260–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544949.

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Abstract This investigation describes the elastomer—filler interaction and its formation mechanism using solid state high-resolution, high-speed 1H magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Pulsed NMR measurements were carried out on pure styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and solvent extracted carbon gels from freshly prepared and storage matured master batches. The effects of filler loading, storage maturation, severity of extraction and experimental temperature on the elastomer-filler interaction were examined and discussed. High resolution in NMR was achieved by higher temperature/low spinning rate, room temperature/high spinning and combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy (CRAMPS) techniques. High-speed magic-angle spinning (MAS) was found to be the most suitable method to achieve high resolution. Proton spin—spin relaxation time, T2, was measured successfully for each of the principal resonance species present in the samples. These measurements reveal an insight into the site-specific nature of the polymer—filler interaction. The relative immobilization of the dynamics of different protons, due to the presence of carbon black filler, and their temperature dependence evidence that the main chain vinyl proton is the most significantly immobilized one compared to the aromatic and methylene species. The effects of storage maturation and severity of extraction on the dynamics of the conformational jump have also been discussed. This work clearly demonstrates the importance of unsaturation on the bound rubber formation. It also provides first direct physical evidence confirming the hypothesis that bound rubber variation during the storage maturation is due to slow progressive replacement of short rubber chains by larger ones.

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6

Lee, Ji-Eun, Jin-Woo Lee, Jae-Wang Ko, Kyung-Il Jo, Hyun-Ju Park, and Ildoo Chung. "Effects of Recycled Polymer on Melt Viscosity and Crystallization Temperature of Polyester Elastomer Blends." Materials 16, no. 17 (September 4, 2023): 6067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16176067.

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As the world is paying attention to the seriousness of environmental pollution, the need for a resource circulation economy is emerging due to the development of eco-friendly industrial groups. In particular, the recycling of thermoplastic elastomers without cross-link has been highlighted in the plastics field, which has rapidly developed the industry. Growing interests have been directed towards the advancement of thermoplastic polyether–ester elastomer (TPEE) as a material suitable for the circular economy owing to its remarkable recyclability, both in terms of mechanical and chemical processes. Due to its excellent processability, simple mechanical recycling is easy, which is a driving force towards achieving price competitiveness in the process. In molding TPEE resin, it is essential to check the thermal properties of the resin itself because the thermal properties, including the melting and crystallization temperatures of the resin, depend on the design of the polymer. In this study, the thermal and mechanical performances of TPEE blends were evaluated by manufacturing compounds by changing the amount of recycled resin and additives. When the recycled resin was added, the melt flow index (MFI) changed rapidly as the temperature of the melt flow index measurement increased. Rapid changes in MFI make the fiber spinning process uncontrollable and must be controlled by optimizing the addition of compatibilizers. Based on the thermal property results, compatibilizers such as Lotader and Elvaloy series exhibited minimal change in glass transition temperature, even with greater amounts added. This makes them well-suited as compatibilizers for fiber spinning.

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7

Seyedin, Shayan, Joselito M. Razal, Peter C. Innis, and Gordon G. Wallace. "A facile approach to spinning multifunctional conductive elastomer fibres with nanocarbon fillers." Smart Materials and Structures 25, no. 3 (February 22, 2016): 035015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/3/035015.

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8

Probst, Henriette, Konrad Katzer, Andreas Nocke, Rico Hickmann, Martina Zimmermann, and Chokri Cherif. "Melt Spinning of Highly Stretchable, Electrically Conductive Filament Yarns." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040590.

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Electrically conductive fibers are required for various applications in modern textile technology, e.g., the manufacturing of smart textiles and fiber composite systems with textile-based sensor and actuator systems. According to the state of the art, fine copper wires, carbon rovings, or metallized filament yarns, which offer very good electrical conductivity but low mechanical elongation capabilities, are primarily used for this purpose. However, for applications requiring highly flexible textile structures, as, for example, in the case of wearable smart textiles and fiber elastomer composites, the development of electrically conductive, elastic yarns is of great importance. Therefore, highly stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was compounded with electrically conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and subsequently melt spun. The melt spinning technology had to be modified for the processing of highly viscous TPU–CNT compounds with fill levels of up to 6 wt.% CNT. The optimal configuration was achieved at a CNT content of 5 wt.%, providing an electrical resistance of 110 Ωcm and an elongation at break of 400%.

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9

Gursoy, Akin, Kamran Iranshahi, Kongchang Wei, Alexis Tello, Efe Armagan, Luciano F. Boesel, Fabien Sorin, René M. Rossi, Thijs Defraeye, and Claudio Toncelli. "Facile Fabrication of Microfluidic Chips for 3D Hydrodynamic Focusing and Wet Spinning of Polymeric Fibers." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030633.

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Microfluidic wet spinning has gained increasing interest in recent years as an alternative to conventional wet spinning by offering higher control in fiber morphology and a gateway for the development of multi-material fibers. Conventionally, microfluidic chips used to create such fibers are fabricated by soft lithography, a method that requires both time and investment in necessary cleanroom facilities. Recently, additive manufacturing techniques were investigated for rapid and cost-efficient prototyping. However, these microfluidic devices are not yet matching the resolutions and tolerances offered by soft lithography. Herein, we report a facile and rapid method using selected arrays of hypodermic needles as templates within a silicone elastomer matrix. The produced microfluidic spinnerets display co-axially aligned circular channels. By simulation and flow experiments, we prove that these devices can maintain laminar flow conditions and achieve precise 3D hydrodynamic focusing. The devices were tested with a commercial polyurethane formulation to demonstrate that fibers with desired morphologies can be produced by varying the degree of hydrodynamic focusing. Thanks to the adaptability of this concept to different microfluidic spinneret designs—as well as to its transparency, ease of fabrication, and cost-efficient procedure—this device sets the ground for transferring microfluidic wet spinning towards industrial textile settings.

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10

Hu, Weiguo, Maria D. Ellul, Andy H. Tsou, and Sudhin Datta. "Filler Distribution and Domain Size of Elastomer Compounds by Solid-State NMR and AFM." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548166.

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Abstract Solid-state NMR methods were used to characterize the filler distribution in rubber blends and domain size of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV). Correlation between filler content and magic angle spinning (MAS) 13C and 1H NMR signal linewidth was established, and filler content in each component of the rubber blends was determined. In IIR/BR and BIMS/BR blends, carbon black enriches in BR phase. Comparison of the carbon black enrichment in both blends suggests that BIMS has a slightly stronger interaction with fillers than does IIR. Results obtained from AFM analysis were compared with NMR observations. Spin diffusion NMR was demonstrated to be useful for quantifying the amount of interfacial component in TPV. Its advantages — ease of quantification and high sensitivity for smaller domains — make it a complementary approach to microscopic techniques for elastomer morphology characterization.

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11

Clemens, Frank J., B. Koll, T. Graule, T. Watras, M. Binkowski, C. Mattmann, and I. Silveira. "Development of Piezoresistive Fiber Sensors, Based on Carbon Black Filled Thermoplastic Elastomer Compounds, for Textile Application." Advances in Science and Technology 80 (September 2012): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.80.7.

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For the development of piezoresistive sensor fibers compounds based on thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) matrix and electrical conductive carbon black powder was used. In this paper the fabrication of piezoresistive fibers by using thermoplastic extrusion method will be demonstrated. With the thermoplastic processing route (e.g. melt spinning process) smart functional senor fibers with a diameter of 300 µm where produced. Their dynamic and static electrical conductive properties where investigated by using a cycling mechanical tensile test in combination with conductive measurement. Compounds of three different SEBS type TPEs and compounds with different content of carbon black were used to investigate the influence on the drift and shift of the electrical signal during dynamic and static strain exposure. By changing the SEBS-Block copolymer matrix and by increasing the carbon black content above 45 wt% stable electrical signal with low relaxation behavior can be achieved.

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12

Xu, Yang, Qichun Feng, Chao Zhang, and Tianxi Liu. "Wet-spinning of ionic liquid@elastomer coaxial fibers with high stretchability and wide temperature resistance for strain sensors." Composites Communications 25 (June 2021): 100693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2021.100693.

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13

Olejniczak, Klaudia, and Jerzy Napiórkowski. "Wear Analysis of Materials Used for a Track Steering System in Abrasive Soil Mass." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206164.

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This paper presents the results of comparative research on materials used for a track steering system in an abrasive soil mass. Two types of elastomer tracks were tested: a steel-rubber stave from an asphalt paver and a rubber overlay used in vehicles with a steel track chain. The results obtained were related to the wear of Hadfield steel. The tests were carried out on a “spinning bowl” stand in a natural soil mass, which consisted of two types of soil: light and heavy. It was shown that the resistance to abrasive wear depended on the grain size of the worked soil and the chemical composition of the materials. Rubber overlay was found to have the highest resistance index in all types of soils. It was made of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ethylene acrylate/ethyl copolymer (ethylene acrylate 18%) and ethylene/propylene copolymer with an ethylene content of 60%. An analysis of the condition of the machined surfaces after friction tests complements the results presented.

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14

Redondo, Alexandre, Sourav Chatterjee, Pierre Brodard, LaShanda T. J. Korley, Christoph Weder, Ilja Gunkel, and Ullrich Steiner. "Melt-Spun Nanocomposite Fibers Reinforced with Aligned Tunicate Nanocrystals." Polymers 11, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11121912.

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The fabrication of nanocomposite films and fibers based on cellulose nanocrystals (P-tCNCs) and a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomer is reported. High-aspect-ratio P-tCNCs were isolated from tunicates using phosphoric acid hydrolysis, which is a process that affords nanocrystals displaying high thermal stability. Nanocomposites were produced by solvent casting (films) or melt-mixing in a twin-screw extruder and subsequent melt-spinning (fibers). The processing protocols were found to affect the orientation of both PU hard segments and the P-tCNCs within the PU matrix and therefore the mechanical properties. While the films were isotropic, both the polymer matrix and the P-tCNCs proved to be aligned along the fiber direction in the fibers, as shown using SAXS/WAXS, angle-dependent Raman spectroscopy, and birefringence analysis. Tensile tests reveal that fibers and films, at similar P-tCNC contents, display Young’s moduli and strain-at-break that are within the same order of magnitude, but the stress-at-break was found to be ten-times higher for fibers, conferring them a superior toughness over films.

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15

Lu, Gang, Changgeng Shuai, Yinsong Liu, Xue Yang, and Xiaoyang Hu. "The Effect of a Flexible Electrode on the Electro Deformability of an Actuating Unit of a MDI-Polyurethane Composite Fiber Membrane Filled with BaTiO3." Membranes 12, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090878.

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The electro deformability of an actuating unit of a polyurethane dielectric elastomer (PUDE) is affected by many factors. The agglomeration of dielectric fillers faced by the traditional dielectric modification methods will lead to the instability of the actuation performance of dielectric composites. In addition, the electro deformability (ability of deformation after voltage loading) is great affected by the selection of flexible electrodes and packaging technology. Based on the research findings, Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanat (MDI)-polyurethane dielectric composite fiber membrane filled with barium titanate (BaTiO3) is prepared using coaxial spinning, and this study then analyzes the effects of the types of flexible electrodes and coating methods on the electro deformability of the actuating unit of the dielectric composite fiber membrane. It is found that the electro deformability of the actuating unit coated with the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) flexible electrode is better than that of the perfluoropolyether conductive grease (PCG) or the traditional conductive carbon grease (CCG) electrode in various degrees. When the loading voltage is 20 kV, the electro deformability of the actuating unit coated with SWNT flexible electrode exceeds the latter two electrodes by 13.8%; when the SWNT flexible electrode is encapsulated by physical surface implantation (PSI), the electric deformation of the actuating unit is higher than that of the solvent suspension dispersion (SSD).

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16

Sun, Junwei, Qian Li, Yufan Jiang, Jing Jiang, Lian Yang, Caiyi Jia, Feng Chen, and Xiaofeng Wang. "Lightweight and High Impact Toughness PP/PET/POE Composite Foams Fabricated by In Situ Nanofibrillation and Microcellular Injection Molding." Polymers 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010227.

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Polypropylene (PP) has become the most promising and candidate material for fabricating lightweight products. Microcellular injection molding (MIM) is a cost-effective technology for manufacturing porous plastic products. However, it is still challenging to fabricate high-performance PP microcellular components. Herein, we reported an efficient strategy to produce lightweight and high impact toughness foamed PP/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polyolefin-based elastomer (POE) components by combining in situ fibrillation (INF) and MIM technologies. First, the INF composite was prepared by integrating twin-screw compounding with melt spinning. SEM analysis showed PET nanofibrils with a diameter of 258 nm were achieved and distributed uniformly in the PP due to the POE’s inducing elaboration effect. Rheological and DSC analysis demonstrated PET nanofibrils pronouncedly improved PP’s viscoelasticity and crystal nucleation rate, respectively. Compared with PP foam, INF composite foam showed more stretched cells in the skin layer and refined spherical cells in the core layer. Due to the synergistic toughening effect of PET nanofibrils and POE elastic particles, the impact strength of INF composite foams was 295.3% higher than that of PP foam and 191.2% higher than that of melt-blended PP/PET foam. The results gathered in this study reveal potential applications for PP based INF composite foams in the manufacturing of lightweight automotive products with enhanced impact properties.

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17

Singha, Kunal. "Analysis of Spandex/Cotton Elastomeric Properties: Spinning and Applications." International Journal of Composite Materials 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.cmaterials.20120202.03.

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18

Rouger, Laetitia, Maxime Yon, Vincent Sarou-Kanian, Franck Fayon, Jean-Nicolas Dumez, and Patrick Giraudeau. "Ultrafast acquisition of 1H-1H dipolar correlation experiments in spinning elastomers." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 277 (April 2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2017.02.005.

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19

Li, Hang, and James L. White. "Structure development in melt spinning filaments from polybutylene terephthalate based thermoplastic elastomers." Polymer Engineering & Science 40, no. 4 (April 2000): 917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11219.

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20

Wineman, A. S., and J. A. Shaw. "Scission and Healing in a Spinning Elastomeric Cylinder at Elevated Temperature." Journal of Applied Mechanics 69, no. 5 (August 16, 2002): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1485757.

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When an elastomeric material is subject to sufficiently high temperature, macromolecular network junctions can undergo time-dependent scission and re-crosslinking (healing). The material system then consists of molecular networks with different reference states. A constitutive framework, based on the experimental work of Tobolsky, is used to determine the evolution of deformation of a solid rubber cylinder spinning at constant angular velocity at an elevated temperature. Responses based on underlying neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, and Arruda-Boyce models, were solved numerically and compared. Different amounts of healing were studied for each case. For neo-Hookean molecular networks, there may be a critical finite time when the radius grows infinitely fast and the cylinder “blows up.” This time depends on the angular velocity and the rate of re-cross linking. In addition, no solution was possible for angular velocities above a critical value, even without the effects of scission. Such anomalous behavior does not occur for Mooney-Rivlin or Arruda-Boyce network response.

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21

Chung, Sangwon, Nilesh P. Ingle, Gerardo A. Montero, Soo Hyun Kim, and Martin W. King. "Bioresorbable elastomeric vascular tissue engineering scaffolds via melt spinning and electrospinning." Acta Biomaterialia 6, no. 6 (June 2010): 1958–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.007.

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22

FRITZHANNS, TILO, dan E. DEMCO, SIEGFRIED HAFNER, and HANS W. SPIESS. "Multi-dimensional1H NMR nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy under magic angle spinning: theory and application to elastomers." Molecular Physics 97, no. 8 (October 20, 1999): 931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979909482895.

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23

Fritzhanns, Dan E. Demco, Siegfried, Tilo. "Multi-dimensional 1H NMR nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy under magic angle spinning: theory and application to elastomers." Molecular Physics 97, no. 8 (October 20, 1999): 931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002689799163163.

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24

Dickinson, L. Charles, Jie Feng Shi, and J. C. W. Chien. "Molecular dynamics and morphology of polyether-polyurethane elastomers under extension by carbon-13 magic-angle spinning NMR." Macromolecules 25, no. 4 (July 1992): 1224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00030a004.

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25

Kohri, Youhei, Tomoaki Takebe, Yutaka Minami, Toshitaka Kanai, Wataru Takarada, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Structure and Properties of Low-Isotacticity Polypropylene Elastomeric Fibers Prepared by Sheath-Core Bicomponent Spinning." Sen'i Gakkaishi 70, no. 9 (2014): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.203.

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Kohri, Youhei, Tomoaki Takebe, Yutaka Minami, Toshitaka Kanai, Wataru Takarada, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Structure and properties of low-isotacticity polypropylene elastomeric fibers prepared by sheath-core bicomponent spinning: effect of localization of high-isotacticity component near the fiber surface." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 3 (April 1, 2015): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0195.

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Abstract Sheath-core type bicomponent melt-spun fibers were produced by extruding the melts of low-isotacticity polypropylene (LPP) as the core component and the blend of LPP and high-isotacticity PP (IPP) as the sheath component. IPP content in the sheath was changed from 8 wt% to 40 wt% while sheath/core composition was varied from 50/50 to 10/90. Accordingly overall IPP content was kept constant at 4 wt%. Even though the overall IPP content was intact, bicomponent fibers with lower contraction ratio after spinning, higher elastic recovery and slightly higher modulus and strength were obtained by increasing the IPP content in the sheath and decreasing the sheath layer composition, i.e., localizing the IPP to the region near the surface in the fiber cross-section. Structure analysis of the as-spun fibers suggested the suppression of crystallization of LPP in the sheath by blending IPP. By contrast, enhancement of molecular orientation and crystallization of the sheath component were found to occur by localizing the IPP to the region near the fiber surface. It was speculated that this behavior was caused by the kinematic mutual interaction of the sheath and core components in the melt spinning process.

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Haile, Muluneh Bekele, Xiaodong Liu, Ruixia Li, Shiwen Yang, Zongliang Du, and Dacheng Wu. "Fabrication and Basic Properties of Elastomeric Staple Fiber Based on Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)-Block-(Tetramethylene Oxide) by Melt Spinning." Fibre Chemistry 52, no. 6 (March 2021): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10692-021-10220-2.

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28

Lin, Xueyan, Mohand O. Saed, and Eugene Terentjev. "Continuous spinning aligned liquid crystal elastomer fibers with a 3D printer setup." Soft Matter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00432h.

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Fibrous liquid crystalline elastomers (LCE) are an attractive variant of LCE-based actuators due to their small thickness, leading to faster response times to stimuli, as well as the increased mechanical...

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29

Wang, Xuan, Jia Tang, Yaoli Huang, Siyi Bi, Jinhua Jiang, Nanliang Chen, and Huiqi Shao. "Polydimethylsiloxane-based stretchable conductive elastomer fiber by using oil bath-spinning for wearable devices." Textile Research Journal, July 26, 2022, 004051752211130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175221113087.

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Flexible stretchable conductors are widely used in various wearable devices and flexible electronic components due to their unique engineering structure adaptability. Fiber has anisotropic stretchability due to its linear structure and it is used in the study of stretchable conductors. However, traditional fibers have low axial stretchability and poor adhesion to conductive particles, so they are not suitable for high-strain engineering structures. Here, a simple and fast preparation method with oil bath thermal curing and a blade coating method is proposed to obtain polydimethylsiloxane-based stretchable elastomer fibers. The fibers have excellent flexibility, stretchability (greater than 100%), elasticity (recovery rate greater than 96%), conductivity (176.5 S/m), and rapid electromechanical response. In particular, the fibers have good weaving ability for their stable performance under bending and twisting load, which is important to weave flexible high conductivity fabric. The effect of conductive particle types (carbon black, carboxylated multi-arm carbon nanotubes) on the fiber properties is also studied. The results show that the carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane fiber has better stable performance under bending and twisting load due to a uniform and dense conductive layer formed. This work provides a research basis for the preparation of silicone rubber-like fibrous composite materials, and the prepared polydimethylsiloxane-based stretchable conductive elastomer fibers have broad application prospects in flexible wearable electronic devices.

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Qi, Fangjie, Yanbin Li, Yaoye Hong, Yao Zhao, Haitao Qing, and Jie Yin. "Defected twisted ring topology for autonomous periodic flip–spin–orbit soft robot." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 3 (January 9, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2312680121.

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Periodic spin–orbit motion is ubiquitous in nature, observed from electrons orbiting nuclei to spinning planets orbiting the Sun. Achieving autonomous periodic orbiting motions, along circular and noncircular paths, in soft mobile robotics is crucial for adaptive and intelligent exploration of unknown environments—a grand challenge yet to be accomplished. Here, we report leveraging a closed-loop twisted ring topology with a defect for an autonomous soft robot capable of achieving periodic spin-orbiting motions with programmed circular and re-programmed irregular-shaped trajectories. Constructed by bonding a twisted liquid crystal elastomer ribbon into a closed-loop ring topology, the robot exhibits three coupled periodic self-motions in response to constant temperature or constant light sources: inside-out flipping, self-spinning around the ring center, and self-orbiting around a point outside the ring. The coupled spinning and orbiting motions share the same direction and period. The spinning or orbiting direction depends on the twisting chirality, while the orbital radius and period are determined by the twisted ring geometry and thermal actuation. The flip–spin and orbiting motions arise from the twisted ring topology and a bonding site defect that breaks the force symmetry, respectively. By utilizing the twisting-encoded autonomous flip–spin–orbit motions, we showcase the robot’s potential for intelligently mapping the geometric boundaries of unknown confined spaces, including convex shapes like circles, squares, triangles, and pentagons and concaves shapes with multi-robots, as well as health monitoring of unknown confined spaces with boundary damages.

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31

Zhang, Yue, Haifeng Li, Xinda Li, Magdi E. Gibril, Keqing Han, and Muhuo Yu. "Green chemical preparation of cellulose/high performance elastomer blend fibers by melt-spinning method." Journal of Polymer Research 20, no. 6 (May 17, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-013-0171-z.

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32

Qu, Qing, Jinli Yan, Sidi Liu, Xiang Xiao, Yiqiu Zhang, Baoqing Nie, and Jian Liu. "Wireless Human Motion Monitoring by a Wearable 3D Spiral Liquid Metal Sensor with a Spinning Top‐Shaped Structure." Advanced Materials Technologies, October 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202300896.

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AbstractFlexible wireless pressure sensors based on the LC resonance principle have emerged for critical applications in wearable devices. However, the challenge remains to promote the sensing performance while maintaining good wearability of the devices. Herein, a 3D spiral liquid metal sensor (3D‐SLMS) is reported with a spinning top‐shaped structure for wireless human motion detection. The device is composed of only liquid metals embedded in Ecoflex elastomer, thus being highly flexible. The study develops a unique method to fabricate 3D‐SLMS by integration of mask‐assisted spraying of liquid metals and virtual molding tuned by vacuum. Under an external load, the deformation of the spinning top‐shaped structure leads to changes in both inductance and capacitance, offering a detectable shift in the resonant frequency of the sensor. The 3D‐SLMS technology allows for a high sensitivity of −0.502 MHz N−1, a limit of detection as low as 0.71 mN, fast response time of 0.6 s, and stretchability up to 158% without device failure. As a proof‐of‐concept, the wireless pressure detection of various human motions such as arm bending, fisting, boxing, coughing, and flatfoot diagnosis is successfully implemented, thus promising translation of wearable electronics for sport monitoring and medical rehabilitation.

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33

Martinez, Antonio Proctor, Alicia Ng, So Hee Nah, and Shu Yang. "Active‐Textile Yarns and Embroidery Enabled by Wet‐Spun Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Filaments." Advanced Functional Materials, April 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202400742.

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AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are promising candidates for creating adaptive textile‐based devices that can actively and reversibly respond to the environment for sensing and communication. Despite recent advances in scalable manufacturing of LCE filaments for textile engineering, the actuation modes of various LCE filaments focus on contractual deformations. In this study, manufacture of polydomain LCE filaments with potential scalability by wet‐spinning is studied, followed by mechanical exploitation to program liquid crystal mesogen alignments, demonstrating both contractual and twisting actuation profiles. By plying these LCE filaments into yarns with different twist concentrations, yarn actuation, and mechanical performance is tuned. Yarns plied at 4 twists per cm can generate up to a seven‐fold increase in elastic modulus while maintaining 90% of actuation strain performance from their native filament. The contractual and twisting LCE filaments are then embroidered with varying stitch types to spatially program complex 2D‐to‐3D transformations in “inactive” fabrics. It is shown that a running stitch can actuate up to 15% in strain and create angular displacements in fabric with twisted mesogen alignments. It is envisioned that the wet‐spun polydomain LCE filaments for diverse plied yarn production together with textile engineering will open new opportunities to design smart textiles and soft robotics.

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34

Liu, Fan, Yuan Liang, Hewei Xiang, Wenbo Li, Hengtao Liang, Weili Shao, Xiang Li, Pengju Han, Jianxin He, and Zupei Yuan. "Stretchable and ultra‐light non‐woven thermal material with effective photo‐thermal conversion based on solution blow spinning technology." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, November 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.54940.

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AbstractAn ideal insulation material has long been envisioned as one that not only minimizes heat loss but also provides additional heat. This study presents a non‐woven fabric, comprising ultra‐fine fibers embedded with zirconium carbide nanoparticles (ZrC NPs), prepared via solution blow spinning (SBS) and thermal crosslinking technology. Our results suggest that the fluffily‐structured elastomer, fabricated using rigid polystyrene and flexible polyurethane, exhibits high porosity (96.96%), ultra‐light characteristics (volume density of 47.12 mg cm−3), and effective heat retention (thermal conductivity of 23.1 mW mK−1 at −40°C). Moreover, the fabric demonstrates remarkable fracture strength (206.38 kPa), high elongation at break (34.5%), and superior elasticity even after 100 compression cycles at 40% strain. Despite the fact that introducing 12% ZrC increases the thermal conductivity of the base fabric by 6%, the NPs endow the material with an excellent photothermal conversion function. Following 10 min of exposure to visible light, the surface temperature increases to 71.5°C. Given its impressive performance, this novel non‐woven fabric demonstrates significant potential for applications in the field of cold protection.

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35

Kang, Xiao, and Alan Palazzolo. "Simulation, Test, and Mitigation of ½× Forward Whirl Following Rotor Drop Onto Auxiliary Bearings." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 142, no. 4 (February 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4045196.

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Abstract 1/2× forward whirl repeatedly occurred after a test rotor spinning at 5800 rpm was dropped onto ball bearing type auxiliary bearings (AB), utilized as a backup for magnetic bearings (MB). The measured contact forces that occurred between the rotor and the AB during the ½× subsynchronous vibration were about thirteen times larger than the static reaction force. The vibration frequency coincided with the rotor-support system natural frequency with the rotor at rest on the AB, an occurred at ½ of the rotor spin speed when dropped. The test rig provided measurements of rotor-bearing contact force, rotor orbit (vibrations), and rotational speed during rotor drop events. A simulation model was also developed and demonstrated that parametric excitation in the form of a Mathieu Hill model replicated the measured ½× forward whirl vibrations. The simulation model included a nonlinear, elastic-thermal coupled, ball bearing type AB model. The transient model successfully predicted the ½× vibration when the rotor was passing 5800 RPM as well, and the simulation results quantitatively agreed well with the test results in the frequency domain. Several approaches for mitigating the 1/2× forward whirl were presented such as adding an elastomer O-ring or waviness spring in the AB support system. Measurements confirmed that adding AB dampers effectively mitigated the ½ subsynchronous forward whirl and significantly reduced the contact forces.

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36

Ishihara, H., K. Tani, S. Hayashi, and H. Ikeuchi. "Studies on Dry Spinning of Polyurethane-Urea Elastomers: Theory and Experiment." Journal of Polymer Engineering 6, no. 1-4 (December 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng.1986.6.1-4.237.

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37

Mersch, Johannes, and Gerald Gerlach. "Properties and special phenomena of strain sensors made of carbon particle-filled elastomers." tm - Technisches Messen, June 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2023-0022.

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Abstract Elastomers with a percolative network of carbon particles are a frequently studied class of materials for applications requiring high elongation and compliant sensors. For novel applications such as soft robots or smart textiles, these have some advantages over traditional strain gauges. However, their functionality is not fully understood. In this work, such materials are investigated as strain sensors in terms of their dynamic behavior, and their current limitations are demonstrated. It becomes clear that such sensors exhibit a non-monotonic behavior under dynamic loads that differs significantly from that observed in quasi-static tests. Two strategies for improving sensor characteristics are derived, modeled, and experimentally tested using the results and an electro-mechanical network model. First, a melt-spinning process that orients the carbon nanotube particles in the process direction creates different degrees of anisotropy. Second, to generate a local negative transverse contraction, an additional auxetic support structure is used. While the resulting anisotropy is insufficient to improve sensor properties, the auxetic structure can significantly improve strain sensitivity.

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38

Wu, Dacheng. "Fabrication and Properties of Elastomeric Yarn from Poly (Ether Ester) Staple Fiber by Ring Spinning." Trends in Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.31031/tteft.2023.08.000676.

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39

Ho, Jhih-Hao, Kai-Chuan Kuo, Tse-Yu Lo, Chun-Ting Chang, Yu-Hsuan Tseng, Bhaskarchand Gautam, Che-Tseng Lin, and Jiun-Tai Chen. "Upcycling Fabrics: Valorization of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (r-PET) Plastic Waste into Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomers (TPEE) for Fiber Spinning." ACS Applied Polymer Materials, January 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c01943.

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40

Graziano, Ricardo Vera, Andromeda A. L. Monroy Brera, Raúl Montiel Campos та Alfredo Maciel Cerda. "Soluble poly(glycerol sebacate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) 3D scaffolds for blood vessel constructs". MRS Proceedings 1819 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2016.69.

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ABSTRACTCardiovascular diseases, frequently associated to the formation of aneurisms, are the mayor cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Due to the increased need for the regeneration of arteries and veins, several natural and synthetic biopolymers such as poly(glycerol sebacate), PGS, have been studied to make blood vessel constructs. PGS elastomeric properties develop after it is crosslinked; however, the poor solubility of the material limits the process to fabricate useful constructs for tissue engineering by electrospinning, casting, or other methods. The structure and properties of electrospun scaffolds made from soluble poly(glycerol sebacate) and poly(ε- caprolactone), are reported here. Soluble PGS oligomers (o-PGS) of different molecular weight, obtained by the polycondensation reaction of sebacic acid and glycerol, were analyzed, including molecular structure, physical properties and solubility. Temperature, reactor atmosphere, and time of reaction strongly influenced the solubility, the molecular weight and molecular structure. To improve o-PGS processing and properties it was mixed with PCL to make electrospun scaffolds. In order to process the mixture by electrospinning, homogeneous solutions o-PGS and PCL were prepared. Because PCL is hydrophobic and o-PGS is hydrophilic selected solvent mixtures were tested to form the homogeneous solutions; the materials dissolved in a mixture of THF:DMF:DCM. Typical electrospinning parameters for preparing the tubular scaffolds at room conditions were: voltage 17.5 kV, needle-collector distance 20 cm and, relative humidity 30-35%, flow injection 0.5 to 2.0 ml/h. The initial mechanical properties of the biodegradable scaffolds were better than those made of natural grafts; the Young’s modulus ranged from 7.6 to 13.0 MPa, depending on electrospinning process parameters. The morphology and physical properties of electrospun PGS/PCL tubular scaffolds show useful features not found in similar constructs made by other methods. The 3D tubular scaffolds were built-up of layered porous walls to produce constructs of different pore size and fibers of different diameter. The porous area was one to two orders of magnitude higher than those produced at micrometer scale by conventional melting and dry/wet spinning methods. These scaffolds show useful characteristics for regenerative medicine such as physical properties; nanometric diameters; high surface/volume ratio; and potentiallity for adhesion and growth of living cells.

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