Дисертації з теми "Elastic ring"

The three dimensional Monte Carlo radiation transport model McArtim is extended to account for the simulation of the propagation of polarized radiation and the inelastic rotational Raman scattering which is the cause of the so called Ring effect. From the achieved and now sufficient precision of the calculated Ring effect new opportunities in optical absorption spectroscopy arise. In the calculation the method of importance sampling (IS) is applied. Thereby one obtains from an ensemble of Monte Carlo photon trajectories an intensity accounting for the elastic aerosol particle-, Cabannes- and the inelastic rotational Raman scattering (RRS) and simultaneously an intensity, for which Rayleigh scattering is treated as an elastic scattering process. By combining both intensities one obtains the so called filling-in (FI, which quantifies the filling-in of Fraunhofer lines) as a measure for the strength of the Ring effect with the same relative precision as the intensities. The validation of the polarized radiometric quantities and the Ring effect is made by comparison with partially published results of other radiation transport models. Furthermore the concept of discretisation of the optical domain into grid cells is extended by making grid cells arbitrarily joining into so called clusters, i.e. grid cell aggregates. Therewith the program is able to calculate derivatives of radiometrically or spectroscopically accessible quantities, namely the intensities at certain locations in the atmospheric radiation field and the light path integrals of trace gas concentrations associated thereto, i.e. the product of the DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) method, with respect to optical properties of aerosols and gases in connected spatial regions. The first and second order derivatives are validated through so called self-consistency tests. These derivatives allow the inversion of three dimensional tracegas and aerosol concentration profiles and pave the way down to 3D optical scattered light tomography. If such tomographic inversion scheme is based solely on spectral intensitites the available second order derivatives allows the consideration of the curvature in the cost function and therefore allows implementation of efficient optimisation algorithms. The influence of the instrument function on the spectra is analysed in order to mathematically assess the potential of DOAS to a sufficient degree. It turns out that the detailed knowledge of the instrument function is required for an advanced spectral analysis. Concludingly the mathematical separability of narrow band signatures of absorption and the Ring effect from the relatively broad band influence of the elastic scattering processes on the spectra is demonstrated which corresponds exactly to the DOAS principle. In that procedure the differential signal is obtained by approximately 4 orders of magnitude faster then by the separate modelling with and without narrow band structures. Thereby the fusion of the separated steps DOAS spectral analysis and subsequent radiation transport modeling becomes computationally feasible.

Des études récentes ont montré qu’une mesure électrique permettait de caractériser les interfaces multi-contacts. Ces recherches initiées dans les milieux granulaires sont transposées dans un cadre technologique dédié au monitoring et au diagnostic des défauts dans les roulements. Cette méthode innovante exploite la richesse et la sensibilité d’une mesure électrique localisée et corrélée à l’état de chargement d’un roulement. Pour démontrer le potentiel de cette méthode, des mesures électriques expérimentales sont effectuées sur un banc de roulements et l’analyse des signaux révèle des similitudes avec les traditionnelles méthodes de surveillance. D’un point de vue numérique, le roulement est modélisé avec la méthode des éléments discrets (MED), d’ordinaire dédiée à l’étude des milieux granulaires, à partir de laquelle le comportement mécanique du roulement en dynamique est reproduit. Une formulation électromécanique est ensuite introduite pour en déduire une grandeur électrique numérique d’un roulement en fonctionnement, à comparer avec l'expérimentation. Des signatures électriques typiques en réponse à des sollicitations complexes (défauts, jeux, balourds, etc) sont étudiées et l’étude du comportement mécanique des bagues ouvre des perspectives intéressantes pour comprendre et modéliser leur endommagement. Alors que de nombreuses études ont été menées sur le suivi vibratoire des roulements, le recours à une méthode électrique localisée, sans capteur, est inexploité et prometteur
Recent studies have shown that an electric measurement made it possible to characterize the multi-contacts interfaces. The research initiated in granular media are transposed in a technological environment dedicated to monitoring and diagnosis of defects in bearings. This innovative method exploits the richness and sensitivity of a localized electrical measurement and correlated to the bearing load status. To demonstrate the potential of this method, experimentals electrical measurements are performed on a bench and signal analysis reveals similarities with traditional monitoring methods. From a numerical point of view, the bearing is modeled with the discrete element method (DEM), usually dedicated to the study of granular media, from which the mechanical behavior of the bearing dynamic is well reproduced. Electromechanical formulation is then introduced to derive a numerical electrical quantity of a bearing in operation, compared with the experiment. Typical electrical signatures in response to complex stresses (defects, clearance, imbalance, etc.) are studied. Studies of the mechanical behavior of rings opens interesting perspectives to understand and model their damage. While many studies have been conducted on the vibration monitoring of bearings, the use of a localized electrical method without sensor is still untapped and has promising results

One of the many challenges in the behaviour of structures is to understand if the presence of residual stress plays an important role in contributing to failure of a structure operating at high temperature. Structural integrity assessments of components operating at high temperature require an accurate prediction of the creep crack initiation. In general, assessments are based on experiments carried out using standard laboratory scale creep test specimens tested under either displacement or load controlled conditions. In practice, structures are subjected to combinations of residual and applied stresses which in turn lead to mixed boundary conditions. Conventional laboratory creep tests do not represent these circumstances. This dissertation considers the effects of elastic follow-up , long-range residual stress and applied load on creep crack initiation of Type 316H stainless steel. Novel test rigs are designed for the purpose of investigating. The concept of rig is based on a three bar structure with an initial misfit introduced into the central bar to represent a long range residual stress and could be characterised easily without using time consuming residual stress measurement techniques. Initial results demonstrated that the magnitude and the interaction of the residual stress with the applied loading is a function of the initial misfit displacements and the relative stiffness of the components of the system. Additionally, the subsequent behaviour of the system, with and without the application of additional loading, is governed by (a) the degree to which the misfit is accommodated by plastic and creep strain and (b) the elastic follow-up provided by the system.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
87
Abstract The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the stability of inextensional/ extensional circular elastic rings under statically conservative and non-conservative forces. We assume that the beam is homogeneous and isotropic in material, linear in the constitutive law, and the type of Euler’s beam. The zero strain for the case where the natural axis of the beam is inextensible is considered as a constraint. We use Hamilton’s principle and the method of Lagrange multiplier to derive the dynamical equations of deformation or equilibrium equations. In finding the equilibrium solutions we solve the linear equilibrium equations first, then the nonlinear ones, and compare both results. For the inextensional case, we adopt the approximate method of Galerkin and Fredholm theorem to determine the critical load and position from the linear equilibrium equations. The nonlinear equilibrium equations of an inextensional beam is a nonlinear boundary value problem with Lagrange multiplier, their solution are not unique. We use some approximate method to discretize the continuous system and solve them to get the fundamental and secondary equilibrium paths and the intersection of these two paths is also called the point of bifurcation buckling. The bifurcation-buckling load can be determined by static analysis along the fundamental equilibrium path. For non-conservative system the stability for the bifurcation-buckling point and the points on the secondary equilibrium path can only be done by dynamical analysis with resource to the Liapunov stability definition. At the bifurcation-buckling point the linearized equation has zero-eigenvalue for its characteristic equation and therefore raises the zero-eigenvalue bifurcation problem .The equilibrium points on the secondary path raise the Hopf bifurcation problem due to the appearance of purely imaginary eigenvalues. For these two problems linear analysis is inconclusive, we have to include the nonlinear terms to render the stability problem solvable. We perform numerical integration of the nonlinear system to observe whether there exists finite-amplitude periodic oscillation(or limit cycle solution),that is, a solution without growing unboundedly, if it does, the system is said to be stable. As to the case of the beam with extensible natural axis, we can find out the exact solution for the linear equilibrium equation and extract the critical load and equilibrium position from it directly. We also use Galerkin method to discretize the nonlinear equilibrium equations and find the fundamental and secondary equilibrium paths by numerical method. The determination of the bifurcation-buckling point and the stability of the points on the secondary equilibrium path are of the same procedure as that for the inextensional case. The result shows that that bifurcation-buckling load of the extensible case is about four times by value of the inextensional one.

Slope instabilities have been affecting the grade slope of Provincial Trunk Highway 5 near the junction with Provincial Trunk Highway 10 in northwestern Manitoba for over 50 years. In recent years, the instabilities have resulted in significant damage to the highway pavement surface. In 2011, Manitoba Infrastructure and Transportation initiated a geotechnical investigation to gain a better understanding of the failure, identify possible failure mechanisms, and explore various remedial design alternatives in order to stabilize the slope. The site was instrumented with slope inclinometers and vibrating wire piezometers, and monitored over a period of two years. An extensive laboratory testing program was completed to compare the results of direct shear tests and torsional ring shear tests for determining the shear strength of the underlying Cretaceous clay shale. Measured values were compared with values back analyzed using limit equilibrium analysis. A coupled finite element model was used to model the expected excess porewater pressure response, and therefore the stability of the slope, during construction of a stabilization berm. It was subsequently calibrated to agree with the measured porewater pressure responses from the instrumentation. Finally, spring flood conditions were simulated to determine the effect of multiple flash flood events on the stability of the slope.

博士
逢甲大學
紡織工程所
92
In this study, it is important the process of functional elastic composite yarn is developed and the mechanical properties of the yarn are investigated, and then the yarn will be used in daily commodities and industrial products. Core-spun elastic yarn was produced with spandex filaments and polyester or polyester/rayon staple fibers using a ring spinning frame and a multi-section drawing frame. Elastic wrapped yarn was manufactured with spandex filaments and textured nylon filaments using a rotor twister and the multi-section drawing frame. The results show that when the main drawing ratio of the spandex filaments is either 2.2 or 2.7, the maximum breaking tenacity and elongation of the core-spun elastic yarn are maximized. When the rotor speed is 4000-8000 rpm and the wrapping count of the textured nylon filaments is either 2.5 or 3.0 turns/cm, the maximum breaking tenacity of the elastic wrapped yarn with the spandex filaments of 78 dtex exceeds that of the yarn in any other processing conditions. However, when the rotor speed is 4000 rpm, the breaking tenacity trend of the elastic wrapped yarn with the spandex filaments of 940 dtex is not significant when the wrapping count increases. The maximum breaking tenacity of the elastic wrapped yarn increases with the increasing drawing ratio of the spandex filaments. As the wrapping count of the textured nylon filaments is 3.0-4.0 turns/cm, the drawing ratio of the spandex filaments is 2.0-3.5 and the rotor speed is 4000 rpm, the maximum breaking tenacity of the elastic wrapped yarn with the spandex filaments of 78 dtex is maximized. The elastic yarn is flexible and could be applied for pantyhose, underwear, jeans, sportswear, socks for medical use, bandages, girdles, warp-knitted fabrics, and so on.

The three dimensional Monte Carlo radiation transport model McArtim is extended to account for the simulation of the propagation of polarized radiation and the inelastic rotational Raman scattering which is the cause of the so called Ring effect. From the achieved and now sufficient precision of the calculated Ring effect new opportunities in optical absorption spectroscopy arise. In the calculation the method of importance sampling (IS) is applied. Thereby one obtains from an ensemble of Monte Carlo photon trajectories an intensity accounting for the elastic aerosol particle-, Cabannes- and the inelastic rotational Raman scattering (RRS) and simultaneously an intensity, for which Rayleigh scattering is treated as an elastic scattering process. By combining both intensities one obtains the so called filling-in (FI, which quantifies the filling-in of Fraunhofer lines) as a measure for the strength of the Ring effect with the same relative precision as the intensities. The validation of the polarized radiometric quantities and the Ring effect is made by comparison with partially published results of other radiation transport models. Furthermore the concept of discretisation of the optical domain into grid cells is extended by making grid cells arbitrarily joining into so called clusters, i.e. grid cell aggregates. Therewith the program is able to calculate derivatives of radiometrically or spectroscopically accessible quantities, namely the intensities at certain locations in the atmospheric radiation field and the light path integrals of trace gas concentrations associated thereto, i.e. the product of the DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) method, with respect to optical properties of aerosols and gases in connected spatial regions. The first and second order derivatives are validated through so called self-consistency tests. These derivatives allow the inversion of three dimensional tracegas and aerosol concentration profiles and pave the way down to 3D optical scattered light tomography. If such tomographic inversion scheme is based solely on spectral intensitites the available second order derivatives allows the consideration of the curvature in the cost function and therefore allows implementation of efficient optimisation algorithms. The influence of the instrument function on the spectra is analysed in order to mathematically assess the potential of DOAS to a sufficient degree. It turns out that the detailed knowledge of the instrument function is required for an advanced spectral analysis. Concludingly the mathematical separability of narrow band signatures of absorption and the Ring effect from the relatively broad band influence of the elastic scattering processes on the spectra is demonstrated which corresponds exactly to the DOAS principle. In that procedure the differential signal is obtained by approximately 4 orders of magnitude faster then by the separate modelling with and without narrow band structures. Thereby the fusion of the separated steps DOAS spectral analysis and subsequent radiation transport modeling becomes computationally feasible.:1.1. Radiation Transport Modeling and Atmospheric State Inversion 1.2. Vector RTE Solution Methods 1.3. Scope of the Thesis 1.4. Outline of the Thesis 2.1. General Structure 2.1.1. Chemical Composition of the Gas Phase 2.1.2. The Troposphere, Temperature and Pressure Vertical Structure 2.1.3. The Stratosphere 2.2. Aerosols and Clouds 2.2.1. Classification and Morphology 2.2.2. Water Related Particle Growth and Shrinking Processes 2.2.3. Size Spectra and Modes 3.1. Electromagnetic Waves 3.1.1. Maxwell\''s Equations 3.1.2. Measurement of Electromagnetic Waves 3.1.3. Polarization State of EM Waves 3.1.4. Stokes Vectors 3.2. Scattering and Absorption of EM Waves by Molecules and Particles 3.2.1. General Description of Scattering and Coordinate Systems 3.2.2. Molecular Scattering 3.2.3. Molecular Absorption Processes and Electronic Molecular States 3.2.4. Scattering On Spherical Particles - Mie Theory 3.3. Mathematical Description of Radiation Transport 3.3.1. Radiance and Irradiance 3.3.2. Absorption, Scattering and Extinction Coefficients 3.3.3. Optical Thickness and Transmission 3.3.4. Scattering 3.3.5. Incident (Ir)Radiance 3.3.6. The Black Surface Single Scattering Approximation 3.3.7. Radiative Transfer Equations 4.1. General Monte Carlo Methods 4.1.1. Numerical Integration 4.1.2. Importance Sampling and Zero Variance Estimates 4.1.3. Optimal Sampling 4.1.4. Sampling from Arbitrary Distributions 4.2. Path Generation or Collision Density Estimation 4.2.1. Discretization of the Optical Domain into Cells and Clusters 4.2.2. RTE Integral Form 4.2.3. Formal Solution of the IRTE 4.2.4. Overview on Monte Carlo RTE Solution Algorithms 4.2.5. Crude Monte Carlo 4.2.6. Sequential Importance Sampling (SIS) or Path Generation 4.3. Importance Sampling in Monte Carlo SIS Radiative Transfer 4.3.1. Weights for Alternate Kernels 4.3.2. Weights in the Calculation of RTE Functional Estimates 4.3.3. Application of IS to Mie Phase Functions Scatter Angle Sampling 5.1. Radiances, Intensities and the Reciprocity Theorem 5.1.1. Scalar Radiance Estimates 5.1.2. Backward Monte Carlo Scalar Radiance 5.1.3. Vector Radiances 5.2. Radiance Derivatives 5.2.1. Variables for Radiance Derivatives 5.3. Validation of Functionals 5.3.1. Validation of Vector Radiances 5.3.2. Validation of Radiance Derivatives 6.1. A Simply Structured Instrument Forward Model 6.2. Pure Atmospheric Spectra and Absorption 6.2.1. Direct Light Spectra 6.2.2. Scattered Sun Light Spectra 6.3. (D)OAS from the Perspective of Radiative Transfer Modeling 6.3.1. (Rest) Signatures of Weakly Absorbing Gases 6.3.2. Spectroscopic Measurements and Standard DOAS 6.4. DOAS Analysis Summary 6.4.1. DSCD Retrieval 6.4.2. Inversion 7.1. RRS-Modified RTE 7.1.1. RRS Cross Sections for Scattering out and into a Wavelength 7.1.2. Modification of the RTE Loss and Source Terms 7.2. Intensity Estimates Considering Rotational Raman Scattering 7.2.1. RRS in the Path Sampling Procedure 7.2.2. Adjoint RRS Correction Weights 7.2.3. Local Estimates of Intensities with RRS 7.2.4. Intensity Estimates 7.3. Ring Spectra 7.3.1. Elastic Biasing of the Local Estimates 7.3.2. Cumulative Weights and Local Estimates 7.3.3. Test of the Elastic Biasing 7.4. Validation 7.4.1. Comparison to an Analytic Single Scattering Code 7.4.2. Single Scattering Model Including Rotational Raman Scattering 7.4.3. Multiple Scattering Model Comparison 7.4.4. Comparison with A Measurement 7.4.5. Validation of Approximate Methods For Ring Effect Modeling 7.5. Summary and Discussion 8.1. Status and Summary 8.1.1. Ring-Effect and Absorption Corrected Radiances 8.1.2. Derivatives of Radiometric Quantities Accessible Through Spectroscopy 8.1.3. Polarization 8.1.4. Time Integrated Sensitivities for 3D UV/vis/NIR Remote Sensing 8.2. Outlook A.1. Zero Variance Estimates A.2. Free Path Length Sampling in a Homogeneous Medium A.3. Cumulative Differential Scatter Cross Sections A.3.1. Cardanic formulas A.3.2. Rayleigh and Raman Phase Functions A.3.3. Henyey-Greenstein Model A.3.4. Legendre Polynomial Phase Function Model A.3.5. Table Methods A.4. Greens Function in the Derivation of the IRTE A.5. Source Code For Stokes Vector Transformation Plot B.1. 1st Order Derivatives B.2. 2nd Order Derivatives B.3. Hessian of Integrals Depending on Many Variables C.1. Slit Function f Derivatives C.2. Signal Sn Derivatives C.3. Chi Square Spline Fitting C.3.1. Constrained Non-Linear Least Square Problem C.3.2. Spline Fitting C.3.3. Jacobians and Hessian

Tese de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica na especialidade de Produção e Projeto, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
As propriedades dos anéis de pistão influenciam os parâmetros utilizados no estudo do comportamento em serviço e funcionamento no motor. Estas propriedades físicas dependem das características geométricas da secção transversal do anel bem como das propriedades mecânicas dos materiais utilizados no seu fabrico. Este trabalho tem como objectivo desenvolver e implementar uma metodologia de cálculo do momento de inércia e da linha neutra da secção transversal dos anéis de pistão, que facilite e melhore a precisão do processo de cálculo das suas propriedades. A metodologia desenvolvida baseia-se na discretização da geometria da secção transversal num conjunto de pontos, cujas coordenadas são calculadas com o auxílio de cotas definidas pelas normas internacionais de anéis de pistão. O programa desenvolvido no Microsoft Office Excel 2010 abrange todos os anéis de 1ª e 2ª ranhura e permite uma análise pormenorizada da secção, que garante valores de propriedades físicas e parâmetros de projecto dos anéis mais fiáveis. A metodologia proposta contempla a análise do impacto do revestimento no módulo de elasticidade equivalente do anel, em particular nas propriedades físicas dos anéis. De facto, apesar dos revestimentos apresentarem uma espessura reduzida, o módulo de elasticidade equivalente do anel revestido altera-se, em função da percentagem de área do revestimento em relação à área total da secção e do módulo de elasticidade do material de base e do revestimento. No entanto, a influência da variação do módulo de elasticidade do anel no valor do coeficiente de conformabilidade não é significativa, na maior parte dos casos reais. O trabalho realizado focou-se nos anéis de pistão de compressão e foi realizado nas instalações da MAHLE Componentes de Motores S.A., em Portugal.
The properties of piston rings influence the parameters used in the study of the in service behaviour and operating conditions of the engine. These physical properties depend on the geometric characteristics of the ring cross section as well as on the mechanical properties of the materials used in its manufacture. This work aims to develop and implement a methodology for calculating the moment of inertia and neutral line of the cross section of the piston rings, which facilitates and improves the accuracy of these properties calculation process. The methodology is based on the discretization of the geometry of the cross section using a set of points, whose coordinates are calculated with the aid of the dimensions defined by the international standards piston rings. The program developed in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 covers all the rings of 1st and 2nd groove and allows a detailed analysis of the section, which ensures more reliable values for the physical properties and project parameters. The proposed method includes the assessment of the impact of the coating on the ring’s equivalent elastic modulus, in particular on the physical properties of the rings. In fact, despite the reduced thickness of the coatings, the equivalent elastic modulus of the coated ring is altered, depending on the percentage ratio between the coating area and the total cross section area and the elastic modulus of the bulk material and the coating. However, the influence of variation of the ring’s elastic modulus in the value of the conformability coefficient is not significant, for most real cases. The work focused on the compression piston rings and was performed in MAHLE Componentes de Motores SA plant, in Portugal.

博士
國立臺灣大學
資訊工程研究所
82
The research in this thesis theoretically explores the energy drived neural networks from the point of network architecture, network organization and network relaxation in an attempt to solve two classes of fundamental problems, combinatorial optimizations and self-organization tasks. In network architecture, the hairy model proposed by Szu is used to clear the design of neural networks for complex tasks. In network organization, the Potts neuron which has multiple graded states is employed for internal representations. Based on the mean field theory in statistical mechanics, the mean field annealing is derived for network relaxation from a new min-max principle. The famous TAP(Touless, Anderson, Plamer) equations in spin glass are first time introduced to the field of neural networks for obtaining further idealized network relaxation. As a result of combining the design principles, a class of neural networks called HAiry Potts Elastic Ring (HAPER) networks, is proposed for constrained optimizations and self-organization tasks. The HAPER networks preserve the advantages of neural networks in parallelism and fault tolerance and extend the capability of collective decisions in solving problems. The design of some popular models, including the Hopfield neural network, the Potts neural network, the elastic ring method and the Kohonen is clear on the basis of the HAPER networks. Understanding the design of these polupar models helps constitute an useful knowledge base to attack difficult complex tasks. The complex tasks which are treated in this research have the graph bisection problem, the traveling salesman problem and the self- organization task for the dimensional reduction from a multi- dimentional parameter space to a lattice. The simulation results of the new algorithms are encouraging.

The stability of elastic/plastic columns and circular rings with random geometric imperfections is investigated. Columns are analyzed for axial loading and rings for uniform external pressure. A procedure is developed to evaluate the reliability of imperfect elastic/plastic columns and rings against instability. The geometric imperfections are modeled as Gaussian random field in one dimension with given mean, variance, and covariance functions. The random field is discretized by the method of orthogonal series expansion using a Fourier series. The weak form of the boundary value problems for column and ring is formulated using Galerkin's method. A mixed finite element is used in which the primary degrees of freedom are transverse deflection and bending moment. For illustration purposes the material behavior is taken as elastic/perfectly plastic. The computationally efficient first- and second-order reliability methods are used to evaluate the failure probabilities and Monte Carlo simulation is used as a check. The variation of the probability of failure of columns and rings over a range of applied loads is presented for different amounts of random geometric imperfections.

Accelerated durability testing of automotive components has become a major interest as it may predict the life characteristics of the vehicle by testing fatigue failure at higher stress level within a shorter period of time. In this work, a specially designed sub-scaled experimental testing bed with the rigid and elastic supports of a simply supported beam was designed and built to compare the effects of the elastic foundation on the change of modal parameters of the tested structure which was later used to tune the FE model. Afterwards, the accelerated loading profiles of both sine sweep and random vibration were applied on the FE model to compare the deviation of the cumulative fatigue damage between the elastic and rigid supports. This work reveals a significant amount of inaccuracy in the current laboratory testing system where the dynamic properties of the tested structure are not maintained close to the real situation.
October 2016

В роботі спроектований та розроблений автоматизований прилад для вимірювання внутрішнього діаметру еластичних кілець. Здійснені опис та розробка конструкції приладу, проведено математичний розрахунок обробки даних, отриманих для індуктивного давача, що входить до складу вимірювального приладу, описано схему керування приладом.
An automated device for measuring the inner diameter of elastic rings is designed and developed.
СКОРОЧЕННЯ ТА УМОВНІ ПОЗНАКИ ВСТУП 1 КОНСТРУКТОРСКА ЧАСТИНА 1.1 Результати патентного пошуку 1.2 Аналіз аналогів 1.3 Вимiрування діаметра методом оптико-електронного ощупування 1.4 Вимоги до роботи пристрою 1.5 Структурна схема та принцип роботи приладу для контролю 1.6 Проектування робото-технічного комплексу 1.7 Проектування маніпулятора 1.7.1 Структурна схема маніпулятора 1.7.2 Вибір приводу для переміщень маніпулятора 1.7.3 Проектування захватного пристрою 1.8 Побудова циклограми роботи установки 1.9 Повірка приладу 1.9.1 Умова повірки та підготовка до неї 1.9.2 Проведення повірки 1.10 Похибка приладу 2 ОСНОВИ НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ТА МАТМОДЕЛЮВАННЯ 2.1 Постановка задачі 2.2 Визначення виду аналітичної залежності і її коефіцієнтів 3 ЕЛЕКТРОНІКА, МІКРОПРОЦЕСОРНА ТЕХНІКА ТА САПР 3.1 Опис роботи схеми 3.2 Розробка принципової схеми 3.3 Опис мікроконтролера ADUC812 3.4 Вибір дисплея 3.5 Розрахунок номіналів елементів 3.6 Опис алгоритму роботи 4 ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ 4.1 Визначення стадій технологічного процесу та загальної тривалості проведення НДР 4.2 Визначення витрат на оплату праці та відрахувань на соціальні заходи 4.3 Розрахунок матеріальних витрат 4.4 Розрахунок витрат на електроенергію 4.5 Розрахунок суми амортизації відрахувань 4.6 Обчислення накладних витрат 4.7 Складання кошторису витрат та визначення собівартості НДР 4.8 Розрахунок ціни програмного продукту 4.9 Визначення економічної ефективності і терміну окупності капітальних вкладень 5 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКИ В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ 5.1 Розрахунок витяжної вентиляції для цеху, дільниці цеху, що проектується, за одним із факторів 5.2 Дія електричного струму на організм людини 5.3 Види електротравм 5.4 Безпеки в надзвичайних ситуаціях 5.4.1 Безпека виробничої діяльності на підприємствах де використовюються надвисокі частоти 5.4.2 Шкідливість впливу електромагнітних полів та захист від них 5.4.3 Вплив шуму на виробничу діяльність та методи захисту 6 ЕКОЛОГІЯ 6.1 Актуальність екологічної проблеми 6.2 Правові екологічні норми і закони України 6.3 Заходи охорони навколишнього середовища ВИСНОВКИ БІБЛІОГРАФІЯ ДОДАТКИ

В даному дипломному проекті розроблено електронний блок керування приладом для вимірювання пружних характеристик кільцевих пружин, що спрощує процес вимірювання. Результати вимірювання виводяться на персональний комп’ютер через послідовний інтерфейс RS-232 та РК дисплей. Автоматизація процедури вимірювання здійснюється завдяки організації керування виконавчими пристроями в розробленому електронному блоці.
The master's thesis is devoted to the actual the issue of strain gauges research construction of elastic preventive clutch in the installation, designing electronic block measuring, analysis and evaluation errors the object of measurement. Impact stuties fixing strain gauge on elastic element by means of binder materials for sensitivity and accuracy strain gauge and found ways improving measurement accuracy. The relevance of the use of elastic elements and the use of strain gauges and the principle of strain measurement using a strain gauge resistor and the variety of designs of elastic safety couplings are also considered. The linear dependence of the signal from the strain gauge, depending on the applied axial load, is investigated. An analysis is conducted to determine the factors that influence the increase in the maximum torque transmission. Circuits for the principle of work are presented. Structural functional circuits improved and elemental base selected. The measurement error and the overall dimensions of the control unit were evaluated.
Вступ 1 Дослідницько-конструкторська частина 1.1 Аналіз поставленої задачі 1.1.1 Результати патентного пошуку 1.2 Схема та методика випробування 1.2.1 Засоби для вимірювання сили 1.2.2 Перетворювачі для вимірювання переміщення 1.3 Принцип роботи установки 1.4 Розрахунок навантажувального пристрою 1.5 Розрахунок тензобалки 1.6 Циклограма роботи установки 1.7 Вибір датчика переміщення 1.8 Принципова схема підключення тензорезисторів 1.9 Похибка установки 1.9.1 Похибка при вимірюванні сили 1.9.2 Похибка при вимірюванні переміщення 2 Основи наукових досліджень та матмоделювання 2.1 Аналіз об’єкта дослідження 2.2 Кільце під дією осьової сили 3 Електроніка, мікропроцесорна техніка та САПР 3.1Розробка функціональної схеми 3.1.1 Вимоги до функціональності та параметрів системи 3.1.2 Способи реалізації заданих функцій 3.1.3 Функціональна схема та опис принципу роботи 3.2 Розробка принципової схеми 3.2.1 Підрахунок мінімальної кількості виводів мікроконтролера 3.2.2 Вибір мікроконтролера 3.2.3 Будова контролера 3.2.4 Вибір дисплея 3.2.5 Розрахунок номіналів елементів 3.3 Метрологічний аналіз 3.3.1 Бюджет похибок вимірювального каналу 3.4 Опис алгоритму роботи 4 Обґрунтування економічної ефективності 5 Охорона праці та безпеки в надзвичайних ситуаціях 6 Екологія 7 Висновок 8 Перелік посилань 9 Додатки