Готові списки джерел за темами / Eight arms radial maze

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Eight arms radial maze"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Eight arms radial maze"

HAMIDI, BAARID LUQMAN, SAMIGUN SAMIGUN, and ANIK LESTARI. "The effect of ethanol extract of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 8, no. 1 (February 17, 2010): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f080102.

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Hamidi BL, Samigun, Lestari A. 2010. The effect of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress. Biofarmasi 8: 11-16. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) after treated with restraint stress by measuring the eight arms radial maze performance of rats. Pre-test and post-test controlled groups design was applied in this research. Male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) with the mean age of 8 weeks and the body weight of 150-200 grams which used for sample were divided randomly into 4 groups, each group consisted of 6 rats, i.e. (i) control group (without any treatment), (ii) stress group (it was given by restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat), (iii) pegagan group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan), and (iv) pegagan and stress group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan and restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat). The treatments were given for 21 days. Within 12 days for each pre-treatment and post-treatment, a test on the eight arm radial maze was conducted on individual rat to observe its performance. The assessment of rat performance in the eight arms radial maze test was conducted based on error type B. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with SPSS for Windows 16 version were applied to analyze statistically the difference between four groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to show the significant performance level difference between four groups of rats with p=0.001, while Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the significant difference between stress group and pegagan group (p=0.001), also stress group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.001). The result of research showed that there was no significant difference between control group and stress group (p=0.051), control group and pegagan group (p=0.143), control group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.143), also pegagan group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.952). It was concluded that extract ethanol of pegagan improved the performances of rats on the eight arms radial maze after treated with restraint stress.

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Kuznetsov, S. V., V. F. Kuznetsov, E. V. Makunina, R. M. Kasimova, V. D. Tyutyunschikova, and T. P. Obernebesova. "Optimized use of eight-arm maze when studying effect of preparation “Cycloferon®” on cognitive potential of experimental animals." Perm Medical Journal 35, no. 5 (December 15, 2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj35575-81.

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Aim. To develop the testing algorithm in conditions of radial eight-arm maze and to study the effect of preparation “Cycloferon®” on cognitive processes in experimental animals in conditions of repeated training. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on experimental animals – white outbred male rats (n = 21) aged 8–9 months using the original method. “Radial eight-arm maze” was used as experimental laboratory device. During the experiment, to activate searching behavior, daily nutrition regime was reduced by 15–20 %. To fortify, milk product “Thickened milk” was used. At the first experimental stage, the animals received a typical vivarium ration. During the second part of this study, the rats underwent repeated training after taking “Cycloferon®”, calculated for each rat by the mass – 0.77 mg per 100 g of the animal body mass; after that the rats’ spatial memory was assessed. Results. Taking into account the results of the second part of experiment, statistically significant tendency to increase was revealed among animals with positive result of testing with one-sided Fisher criterion (p = 0.037). No correlation between taking “Cycloferon®” and the number of repeated entering of the arms and the total number of entering of the arms was detected (p > 0.05) that proves the formation of purposive movement. Conclusions. A reliable tendency to increase in the number of animals, trained during the repeated testing against the background of using “Cycloferon®”, which possesses immunomodulating effect as well as antioxidant action, confirms the actuality of applying the offered method while studying cognitive effect of substances, requiring long-term introduction.

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Beninger, Richard J., B. A. Wirsching, Khem Jhamandas, Roland J. Boegman, and Sherif R. El-Defrawy. "Effects of altered cholinergic function on working and reference memory in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-061.

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Many data suggest that the brain's cholinergic neurons participate in the control of memory and it has been suggested that cholinergic systems are involved differentially in working and reference memory. To test this hypothesis the effects on memory of unilateral injections of the neurotoxins, quinolinic acid or kainic acid into the cortically projecting cholinergic cells of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm) were evaluated. In experiment 1, quinolinate-injected (n = 7) and sham-operated (n = 7) rats were tested in a T-maze alternation task that requires working memory. Lesion rats performed significantly more poorly than shams and subsequent biochemical assays of cortical choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity revealed significant reductions in the lesion rats. In experiment 2, kainate-injected (n = 9) and sham-operated (n = 8) rats were trained in an eight-arm radial maze with only four arms baited. Lesion rats made significantly more working memory errors (entries into baited arms from which the food had already been collected) than reference memory errors (entries into never baited arms). CAT assays showed that the lesion led to a decrease in cortical CAT with no significant change in hippocampal CAT. The results of these studies support the hypothesis that cholinergic neurons of the basocortical system may be differentially involved in working and reference memory.

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Sato, Tomoaki, Yoshiko Ohnishi, Tanaka Koh-ichi, and Takashige Nishikawa. "Effect of ovarian steroid on learning and memory of eight arms radial maze in calcium-deficient middle aged female rats." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 76 (1998): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)40720-8.

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Komatsu, Hisao, Junko Nogaya, Norifumi Kuratani, Masaaki Ueki, Satoshi Yokono, and Kenji Ogli. "Repetitive Post-training Exposure to Enflurane Modifies Spatial Memory in Mice." Anesthesiology 89, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 1184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199811000-00019.

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Background Previously the authors found that a single post-training exposure to enflurane or isoflurane, but not halothane, enhanced memory storage in an active avoidance task, which is a behavior with underlying mechanisms that are poorly understood and still debated. In contrast, spatial tasks are known to depend on hippocampal functions. This study investigated the effects of repetitive post-training exposure to enflurane on spatial memory in mice. Methods Using an eight-arm radial maze, 80 mice were trained to eat a pellet placed on the end of each of the eight arms. Training occurred on four consecutive days with one trial per day. The number of errors in the first eight choices was recorded to determine performances for each day of training. Immediately after each training session, mice in the enflurane group received 1 h exposure to 0.5%, 1%, or 2% enflurane in air through a calibrated vaporizer. The performance ratios (the ratio of errors on each day compared with the first day of the 4 days) in the control and the enflurane groups were compared. Results The performance ratios (which equals the mean of the error in the fourth day/the error in the first day) in the control, and 0.5%, 1%, and 2% enflurane groups were 0.66, 0.65, and 0.32 (P < 0.01, vs. control), and 0.46 (P < 0.05, vs. control), respectively. Conclusions Repetitive post-training exposure to 1% and 2% enflurane significantly enhanced spatial memory in the eight-arm radial maze task. Enflurane enhances consolidation of spatial memory, possibly by affecting hippocampal activity.

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Sato, Tomoaki, Yoshiko Ohnishi, Koh-ichi Tanaka, and Takashige Nishikawa. "Effects of ovariectomy and of calcium-deficiency on learning and memory of eight arms radial maze in middle-aged female rats." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 79 (1999): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)35047-4.

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PIROGOVSKY, EVA, JODY GOLDSTEIN, GUERRY PEAVY, MARK W. JACOBSON, JODY COREY-BLOOM, and PAUL E. GILBERT. "Temporal order memory deficits prior to clinical diagnosis in Huntington’s disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, no. 5 (September 2009): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709990427.

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AbstractThe current study examined temporal order memory in preclinical Huntington’s disease (pre-HD). Participants were separated into less than 5 years (pre-HD near) and more than 5 years (pre-HD far) from estimated age of clinical diagnosis. Participants completed a temporal order memory task on a computerized radial eight-arm maze. On the study phase of each trial, participants viewed a random sequence of circles appearing one at a time at the end of each arm. On the choice phase, participants viewed two circles at the end of the study phase arms and chose the circle occurring earliest in the sequence. The task involved manipulations of the temporal lag, defined as the number of arms occurring in the sample phase sequence between the two choice phase arms. Research suggests that there is more interference for temporally proximal stimuli relative to temporally distal stimuli. There were no significant differences between the pre-HD far group and controls on the temporal order memory task. The pre-HD near group demonstrated significant impairments relative to the other groups on closer temporal lags, but were normal on the furthest temporal lag. Therefore, temporal order memory declines with increased temporal interference in pre-HD close to estimated diagnosis of HD. (JINS, 2009, 15, 662–670.)

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Howard, Matthew A., Alan Gross, M. Sean Grady, Robert S. Langer, Edith Mathiowitz, H. Richard Winn, and Marc R. Mayberg. "Intracerebral drug delivery in rats with lesion-induced memory deficits." Journal of Neurosurgery 71, no. 1 (July 1989): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.1.0105.

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✓ Pharmacological treatments directed at increasing cortical acetylcholine activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease have largely been disappointing, perhaps because denervated areas of brain may not be exposed to adequate amounts of drug. A new method has been developed to enable localized intracerebral delivery of neurotransmitter substances using a polymeric drug delivery system. Microspheres of a polyanhydride sebacic acid copolymer were impregnated with bethanechol, an acetylcholinesterase-resistant cholinomimetic. Twenty rats received bilateral fimbria-fornix lesions, producing cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus and marked impairment in spatial memory. The animals were trained for 2 weeks to run an eight-arm radial maze, after which they received bilateral intrahippocampal implants of saline (five rats), blank polymer (five rats), or bethanechol-impregnated polymer (10 rats). Following implantation, spatial memory was assessed by radial-maze performance testing for 40 days. Untreated lesioned rats showed persistently poor spatial memory, entering maze arms with near random frequency. Similarly, animals treated with saline and blank polymer did not improve after implantation. Rats treated with bethanechol-impregnated microspheres, however, displayed significant improvement within 10 days after implantation; this improvement persisted for the duration of the experiment (p < 0.05, Student's t-test). Histological analysis of regional acetylcholinesterase staining showed widespread loss of activity throughout the hippocampus bilaterally in all animals. The microsphere implants were visible within the hippocampus, with minimal reactive changes in surrounding brain. It is concluded that intracerebral polymeric drug delivery successfully reversed lesion-induced memory deficits, and has potential as a neurosurgical treatment method for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

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Ruvanthika PN, Manikandan S, and Vishnu Priya V. "Memory enhancing effect of Nelumbo nucifera seedpod extract and its active component quercetin in noise stress-exposed rats." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.706.

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Stress is an unavoidable phenomenon which disturbs the physiological homeostasis. Noise is the highest encountered stressor that affects the well-being of mankind. Hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory is highly influenced by stress and thereby deteriorates memory. Male albino Wistar rats of 11-12 weeks were used in this study. Nelumbo nucifera (NNE) 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) and its active principle Quercetin (QRCT) (40 mg/kg bw) were administered orally to the animals 10 days before noise stress exposure of (100dB 4h/d). Ability to retain information by Learning and spatial memory was assessed using eight-arm radial maze apparatus. It was observed that after noise stress exposure errors in working, reference memory and time period to move into all baited arms were increased; however, the drug pre-treated animals showed a decrease in all the above parameters. The observations in the present work have proved that NNE and QRCT groups were effective in ameliorating the noise stress-induced changes, but the active component quercetin group had a higher protective impact on the changes.

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Orbán-Kis, K., I. Mihály, I. Lukács, Rita-Judit Kiss, Júlia Izsák, Iringó Száva, Júlia Metz, and T. Szilágyi. "Spatial memory deficits in juvenile rats with pilocarpine induced temporal lobe epilepsy." Acta Medica Marisiensis 60, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2014-0040.

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Abstract One of the most frequent forms of epilepsy in humans is temporal lobe epilepsy. Characteristic to this form of the disease is the frequent pharmacoresistance and the association with behavioural disorders and cognitive impairment. The objective of our study was to establish the degree of cognitive impairment in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy after an initial epileptogenic exposure but before of the onset of the effect of long-duration epilepsy. Methods. For the experiment we used 11 rats. Status epilepticus was induced by systemic administration of a single dose of pilocarpine. The animals were continuously video-monitored to observe the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures; during weeks 9-10 we performed eight-arm radial maze testing in order to assess the cognitive impairment. Results. Animals developed spontaneous recurrent seizures after a 14-21 day latency with a daily average seizure density of 0.79±0.43 during weeks 9-10. Epileptic rats had significantly more working memory errors per session, more reference memory errors and the number of visited arms was also significantly higher. Accuracy was also lower in the pilocarpine treated group. Interestingly significant differences disappeared after six days of trials. Conclusions. Our study shows behavioural deficits occurring after 9-10 weeks of epilepsy in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy applied to juvenile rats. In contrast to previous studies, we showed that juvenile rats with short duration of epilepsy are able to learn the behavioural task, therefore a morphopathological and/or behavioural “no-return point” regarding the development of severe cognitive impairment is not reached by status epilepticus alone.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Eight arms radial maze"

Aujla, Harinder. "The role of second messengers in the prefrontal cortex in memory, assessment using the random foraging and delayed win-shift tasks on an eight arm radial maze." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ42584.pdf.

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CARBONCINO, Anna. "Role of dorsal and ventral hippocampus in Working Memory load capacity." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/960055.

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The hippocampus has been traditionally associated to spatial long-term memory (LTM). It is believed that the hippocampus has a limited role in working memory (WM). Nevertheless, recent evidence suggested that it is involved in WM in high memory load (HML) conditions. The WM load is the number of elements retained in memory for a short time interval. This number of elements is limited and it is called working memory capacity (WMC). The aim of this work is to study the role of the hippocampus in WMC in CD1 mice. Anatomic studies suggested, however, that the hippocampus is subdivided into distinct dorsal and ventral portions. To study the role of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus in WMC in CD1 mice we used a neurotoxic selective dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesion approach. We tested control and lesioned mice in a WMC version of the radial maze task using a confinement procedure to force the animals to rely on allocentric spatial information. Both lesioned groups showed impaired spatial WMC. Removal of the confinement procedure favored in control mice the use of a sequential egocentric strategy, which lowered the number of errors by lowering the memory load. Dorsal hippocampus lesioned mice shifted to the sequential strategy as well as control mice, and showed impaired performance only with the highest memory load. In contrast, the ventral lesioned group showed a major deficit in the acquisition of the sequential strategy, and a consequent impaired WM performance. Then, when these same mice have been tested in a WMC task for objects, only the dorsal group showed the impairment. Finally, we tested both control and lesioned mice in a massive protocol of the Morris water maze task, the classical hippocampus - dependent spatial LTM task and both lesioned groups were impaired. These data suggest that both the dorsal and the ventral hippocampus are involved in WMC, as well as in LTM, for spatial information. The ventral hippocampus is more involved in mediating the acquisition of egocentric strategies to solve a spatial task. In contrast, only the dorsal part regulates WMC for objects. Therefore, this study provides an important contribution to the role of the hippocampus subregions along its septo-temporal axis in WMC.

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Частини книг з теми "Eight arms radial maze"

Daniel, Jill M. "The Land Radial-Arm Maze: Eight Out of Eight Arms Baited with Food Protocol for Rodents." In The Maze Book, 429–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2159-1_17.

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Bimonte-Nelson, Heather A. "The Water Radial-Arm Maze: Four Out of Eight Arms Platformed Protocol for Rodents." In The Maze Book, 411–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2159-1_15.

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Bimonte-Nelson, Heather A. "The Water Radial-Arm Maze: Seven Out of Eight Arms Platformed Protocol for Rodents." In The Maze Book, 421–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2159-1_16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Eight arms radial maze"

Gillespie, John, Dustin Frohnapfel, and Walter O’Brien. "Pre-Test Evaluation of Probe Configuration Errors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91780.

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Abstract Rake probes are commonly used in turbomachinery applications to measure distorted inlet flows, including both pressure and swirl distortions. An especially common configuration is the 40 probe rake array, consisting of eight identical arms equally spaced circumferentially around the inlet, each arm having five sensing locations spaced along centers of equal area. By measuring many locations simultaneously, rake probes have the advantage of expedited data collection when compared to traversing probes. However, this reduction in test time comes at the cost of rigid geometry with limited measurement locations. As a result, it is possible for rake probes to miss or exaggerate significant areas of the flow profile, such as large gradients or small features, based on the fixed location of the probe and the particular details of the distortion. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a procedure that can be used to evaluate the ability of any desired probe configuration (40 probe rake or otherwise) to sufficiently and accurately measure a non-uniform flow profile. Results of this procedure for a range of profiles and probe configurations are also presented. In order to accurately determine the impact of discrete sampling on the results, two broad sets of data were generated numerically and analyzed. The first set consists of four fundamental total pressure distortions: once-per-rev circumferential, twice-per-rev circumferential, hub radial, and tip radial. The second set consists of three realistic turbofan distortion patterns: two analytic (though not fundamental) profiles, and one generated from S-duct computational results. For all investigated patterns, Radial Distortion Intensity and Circumferential Distortion Intensity are calculated in the manner described by ARP 1420, a guideline issued by the S-16 Turbine Engine Inlet Flow Distortion Committee for measuring total pressure distortions in turbomachinery. Additionally, interpolated total pressure contours are generated for each measurement configuration. These were then used to make point-to-point comparisons between the actual and estimated data. While total pressure distortion was used as the variable of interest for the majority of this paper, the conclusions may be applied to swirl, temperature, or any other flow property measured using a probe rake or traversing probe.

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