Дисертації з теми "Effets de composition"
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Assouly-Pochat, Laurence. "Le vin : composition, caractères, aspects législatifs." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P065.
Повний текст джерелаTortech, Blandine. "Effets des radiations sur des fibres optiques dopées erbium : influence de la composition." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366057.
Повний текст джерелаJallier, Vincent. "Digestion des galacto-oligosaccharides et effets nutritionnels chez le poulet de chair." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL039N.
Повний текст джерелаToday soyabean meal is largely used in the nutrition of monogastric animaIs. However, its digestibUity seerns not to be optimal for broiler chickens. Soya contains various molecules considered as indigestible, like galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which L. Might be at least partly responsible for the limited value of metabolisable energy in chickens. The fact that GOS carmot be hydrolyzed by the endogenous enzymes of the host represents a loss of energy. Although the GOS can be fermented in the caeca, their contribution to the energetic balance value is unclear. Ln addition it is assumed that the presence of GOS in a feed has a negative impact on its energetic value. Ln the literature the effects of GOS on the nutritive value of a feed are still unclear because, even if GOS are considered as anti-nutritional factors, their presence in a feed is not correlated with a clear reduction of animal performance. A first experiment with concentration of GOS close to that of feed used in the poultry industry could not demonstrate anti-nutritional properties of these molecules. A second type of experiment based on the substitution of basal feed by GOS (replacement method) was performed to evaluate the energetic value of the GOS in vivo and deterrnine their effects on caecal fermentation, intestinal transit time and more generally on the digestibility of the feed. Ln addition an in vitro experiment was carried out to study the influence on the fermentation profile in relation to the quantities of GOS added. The results of the experiments showed that there is substantial pre-caecal disappearance of GOS from the gut, although the principal site of degradation is the caeca. The contribution of GOS to the energetic value of the feed seerns to be neutral despite an acceleration of the intestinal transit and a reduction of the dry matter digestibUity which were observed when high quantities of GOS were ingested. The fermentation pathway in the caeca was influenced dose-dependently a daily intake of "medium quantities" of GOS stirnulated the production of short chain fatty acids (AGCC) while the intake of "high quantities" of GOS decreased the production of AGCC and sti. Rnulated the production of lactate. The results obtained during the thesis showed that the major anti-nutritional consequence of the presenœ of GOS in the feed is a dilution of the digestible dry matter used by the animal for its growth
Cappeau, Guy. "Incidence de l'innovation technologique sur la composition des groupes de négociations." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO33014.
Повний текст джерелаZIV, NOEMIE. "La structuration d'une phrase musicale et ses effets sur la composition d'un récit." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100035.
Повний текст джерелаAugustin, Marie-Monique. "Etude de l'influence de certains facteurs sur les composés phénoliques du raisin et du vin." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR20013.
Повний текст джерелаHoltzinger, Claire. "Effets de composition et de morphologie sur la mouillabilité de revêtements sol-gel nanocomposites." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961171.
Повний текст джерелаRhimi, Soufien. "Effets de la transition alimentaire sur le dialogue entre le microbiote intestinal et son hôte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB045.
Повний текст джерелаThe role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases is well identified in humans and dogs. The aim of this thesis is to explore the ability of diet to regulate the functional homeostasis of the microbiota and, ultimately, to improve host health. The composition and functionalities (production of short chain fatty acids, bioconversion of bile acids, proteolytic activities) of the fecal microbiota of a group of French dogs (n=28) were compared to those of a group of semi stray Tunisian dogs (n=32) revealing significant differences. To explore the direct impact of diet while maintaining a stable environment, the group of Tunisian dogs was subjected to a randomized dietary trial. Group 1 (n=10) maintained their natural eating habits as semi-stray dogs (hunting, carrion, table scraps). Group 2 (n=22) transitioned to a balanced industrial kibble food. The analyses show a significant and beneficial impact of dietary change on the composition and functionalities of the fecal microbiota, thus providing evidence that diet is a major modulator, including in a complex environment. Our work opens the door to the investigation of food as a modulator for treating or preventing inflammatory bowel diseases
Hilbert, Ghislaine. "Effets de la nutrition azotée et du stress hydrique sur la maturation et la composition en anthocyanes des baies de Vitis vinifera L. Au vignoble et en conditions contrôlées." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20995.
Повний текст джерелаWe studied the effect of nitrogen nutrition and water deficit on the ripening of berries and on anthocyanins biosynthesis in the berry skins of Merlot vines (Vitis vinifera L. ) The experiments have been performed either on vines cultivated in vineyard (permanent grass cover allowed simultaneous variation of nitrogen and water supply) or under controlled environmental conditions (grapevine fruiting cuttings and two-year-old potted vines). Better berry ripening was observed under nitrogen or water limited supply. Our work showed interactions between nitrogen nutrition and water supply and the whole mineral nutrition of vines (especially P and K). Under reduced water and nitrogen nutrition, an increase of anthocyanins skin content was observed while a high nitrogen supply seemed to inhibit the anthocyanins synthesis. However, this latter effect was not observed under watering constraint. Our results suggest that water and nitrogen supply have a regulatory effect on the activity of the enzymes involved in the first steps of anthocyanins pathway. Different profiles of the anthocyanins species were obtained depending on the levels of nitrogen nutrition and watering supply. The synthesis of the malvidin derivatives was increased by a reduced water supply and was decreased by a limited nitrogen nutrition. The environmental factors seem to act differently on the esterification steps of anthocyanins biosynthesis. A regulation of the anthocyanins catabolism has to be considered too. In the vineyard, the level of anthocyanins biosynthesis depends essentially on the climatic conditions of the year (vintage), the "Terroir" effect and the cultural practices
Degioanni, Simon. "Nanostructures métalliques et effets de composition des verres silicatés pour les capteurs à fibres optiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10101/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to study composition variations of silicate glasses or the integration of metallic nanostructures that may be relevant for distributed fiber optic sensors (FOS). These sensors use optical fiber cores mainly composed of silica (SiO2) to probe temperature or strain on multi-kilometer route fibers. To measure these effects, Raman and Brillouin backscattering in optical fibers are used, Raman scattering being sensitive to temperature variations and Brillouin scattering to temperature and strain variations. Raman scattering intensity may be enhanced in conjunction with noble metal nanostructures via the SERS effect (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) which involves surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a collective oscillation of free electrons at the metal surface generating a large amplification of the local electric field. The integration of metallic nanostructures in optical fibers could increase Raman backscattering intensity and improve FOS performance (sensitivity, integration time…). A study on model samples has been performed with SERS substrates consisting of gold nanostructures and coated with a sol-gel oxide deposition (TiO2, SiO2). The obtained SERS results are used to predict the contribution of metallic nanostructures in Raman distributed temperature FOS
Sauzéat, Emmanuel. "Composition et microstructure des bétons de poudres réactives : effets des traitements thermiques et du traitement compressif." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL113N.
Повний текст джерелаJardé, Emilie. "Composition organique de boues résiduaires de stations d'épuration lorraines : caractérisation moléculaire et effets de la biodégradation." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0288_JARDE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis study deals with the molecular characterisation of the organic content of sewage sludges from Lorraine (Northeast of France). The 48 samples collected come from domestic wastewater treatment plant of different capacities (rural, small urban and urban) and from depuration stations treating dairy, cheese dairy and paper-mill effluents. The first part of this study enabled to make the inventory of the compound present in sewage sludges (1) under free form (soluble organic fraction - SOF), and (ii) Iinked to the macromolecular structure (insoluble organic fraction - lOF). To achieve that, the analytical tools used were respectively GC-MS on the one hand, and THM-GC-MS and Py-GC-AED on the other hand. The results of the analysis of the SOF and lOF provide equivalent information ln that they enable the differentiation of siudges according to thelr origin (food-processing, paper-mlli or domestic). A molecular fingerprint specific to each type of sludge was thus defined. Besides, all the domestic sludges are characterised by a geochemical petroleum background which testifies to a common diffuse pollution. Moreover, a variability in this geochemical background was observed for some domestic sludges, regardless of the size of the station, or of the degree of industrialisation of the region. These variations, which are essentially observed in the SOF, can be attributed to punctual or accidental pollution in the sewer system of domestic wastewater. The eventual goal of this work ls to provide molecular parameters in order to improve the monitoring and the control of wastewater sewer systems. The second part of this project studies the effects of biodegradation on the organic content of sewage sludges. Four samples were incubated at 24°C during 140 days in order to simulate the processes of degradation. The simultaneous analysis of the SOF and lOF of the biodegraded samples enabled the determination of the great tendencies of the evolution of the organic content during the experiments. A global pattern of biodegradation reactions can thus be proposed: the chemical degradation of the macromolecular structure of the lOF produces extractable compounds which will be either degraded themselves into lower molecular weight compounds or mineralised. Besides, organic markers resistant to biodegradation couId be determined and indexes of biodegradation proposed
Jardé, Emilie. "Composition organique de boues résiduaires de stations d'épuration lorraines : Caractérisation moléculaire et effets de la biodégradation." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007882.
Повний текст джерелаL'Espérance, Annik. "Effets des concentrations plasmatiques d'insuline sur la production et la composition du lait chez la vache." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/MQ55767.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJollin, Laetitia. "Glucocorticoïdes et pratique sportive : effets sur la prise alimentaire, la composition corporelle et différentes sécrétions hormonales." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684055.
Повний текст джерелаAries, Eric. "Effets des hydrocarbures pétroliers sur la composition lipidique de bactéries sédimentaires marines et de sédiments marins." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30025.
Повний текст джерелаFew informations exists on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the marine sedimentary bacterial compartment. The methodology widely used to assess the structure of sedimentary bacteria communities and to estimate bacterial biomass consists in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fatty acids linked to polar compounds (PCFA) from marine sediments. This methodology was employed to (i) study in vitro effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA) compositions of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial and (ii) study PCFA compositions of marine sediment (Gulf of Fos, France) artificially contamined by a crude oil but also those of marine sediments either non-contamined by petroleum hydrocarbons. In vitro approach showed that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria modified their PLFA compositions when using petroleum hydrocarbons as sole carbon source, in comparison with cultures on ammonium acetate. Petroleum hydrocarbons induced the appearance of signific and levels of (i) branched fatty acids in positions 10-, 11, - 12- and 13-, (ii) odd-numbered monounsatured fatty acid with 15, 17 and 19 carbon atoms and (iii) odd-numbered branched and monounsatured fatty acids with 17 and 19 carbons atoms. Those results led to identify several potential markers of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial activity and to define an index which might be used in situ to follow the restauration of sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons
Juteau, Alexandre. "Effets de la composition et de la structure de matrices polyosidiques sur la libération des arômes." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS063.
Повний текст джерелаAn addition of texture agent to the food matrices induces in general a decrease in the aroma perception. However, we know just a few about the mechanisms involved and it is not ensured. First, changing the nature and the concentration of the gelling agent and of the additional salts, a range of matrices differing by their rheoligical properties and textures was established. Secondly, aroma release and perception from two gels of different consistency were studied. From the kinetics of aroma release, partition and "apparent" mass transfer coefficients were determined. In a third time, the release curves were studied for matrices of differing physical states: a thickened solution and two gels with varying consistencies. The obtained differences allowed us to discuss the distinct effects of the addition of the polysaccharide, of its organization in tridimensionnal network and of the densification of this network
Sitnikoff, Françoise. "Culture de métier, changement technique et savoirs ouvriers : le cas de l'imprimerie." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT3014.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis studies the type-setter's craft in high-volume printing houses. More particularly, it deals with technological change and with professional culture. Its draws upon fieldwork carries out between 1985 and 1993, in three industrial printing-houses in the french provinces. The author examines the transformations brought about by the introduction of photo-composition, considering its impact as much on the work-posts (in terms of task content and flow,and what skills these necessitate), as on the representations and values of the type-setters culture. Also emphasized is the role of work-groups with their specific history and social structure-in acquiring new techniques and updating the trade. The research draws upon earlier work that has dealt with other aspects of this sector relations between printers and makers of equipment, with other aspects of this sector : relations between printed and makers of equipment, and between labor unions and professional training. Observable changes in the workshops are accounted for withen a larger framework of transformations in their environment and overhauls in the community of their profession. This broadening of the field of vision,together with the many returns to the field made possible by the length of the study, show that technological change participates in the dynamics of social construction in the printing trades
GAUDRY, Mélanie. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine : Effets de taille et de composition." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001513.
Повний текст джерелаQuang, Thérèse. "Intégration financière et croissance des pays en développement : seuils et effets de composition des flux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100117.
Повний текст джерелаOver the last decades, intensification of the financial globalization process has inevitably drawn the attention of economists and policymakers on the actual macroeconomic implications of unfettered capital flows. In particular, their real benefits for long-term economic growth in developing countries remain highly controversial. Although capital flows are presumably beneficial for receiving countries as they gain access to cheaper financing, the history of international financial integration (IFI) has been neither smooth nor risk-free. Surges in capital flows can pose critical challenges for developing economies with limited policy tools to address economic shocks. This thesis focuses on this IFI-growth nexus. It relies on recent research hypotheses highlighted in the literature to study the particular conditions under which financial openness leads to favourable outcomes. First, liberalizing the capital account implies a cost-benefit trade-off, which needs to be analysed outside the purview of standard models’ straitjacket. In particular, pre-existing distortions and market failures can interact negatively with capital flows, resulting in welfare loss. Second, capital flows are subject to a composition effect; they exhibit diverse volatility and risk properties and can actuate different growth outcomes
Gaudry, Mélanie. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine : effets de taille et de composition." Lyon 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/49/06/PDF/tel-00001513.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGaudry, Mélanie Broyer Michel. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine effets de taille et de composition /." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard (Lyon 1), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/49/06/PDF/tel-00001513.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаProuteau, Stéphanie. "Effets des variations de la composition corporelle chez les judokas sur les réponses endocriniennnes et le métabolisme osseux." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2010.
Повний текст джерелаGravisse, Nicolas. "Administration de DHEA chez le sujet jeune et sain : effets sur les performances sportives, la composition corporelle et les réponses hormonales." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2059.
Повний текст джерелаThe administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to its potential ergogenic effect. This effect would be mediated by the transformation of DHEA in testosterone, known for its anabolic effect. Yet, the effect on sports performance has received little attention in healthy young men and has never been studied in healthy young women.The main goal of our work was therefore to evaluate the effects of short-term DHEA administration on sports performance for these populations. In a randomized, double blind, crossover study, 10 young men and 11 young women, recreational athletes, have taken 100 mg/day of DHEA and a placebo over two 28-day periods separated by a washout period of 28 days. At the beginning and at the end of each treatment period, anaerobic and aerobic performances were evaluated,respectively with the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) and the 20-m shuttle run test. We have also measured body composition, physiologic and psychologic responses as well as dietary intake. Neither the performances both for RAST and 20-m shuttle run test, nor the body composition have been significantly altered by the DHEA intake in both men and women. In saliva, DHEA has induced a significant increase in testosterone for women (x 20). This increased has been more moderate for men (x 2.3). Among the dietary intake criteria, only the lipid intake has increased and only for men. No change in the adipokine levels and the psychological parameters has been noted for both genders. For women, it would be interesting to complete this work with the administration of multiple doses throughout the day
Bencheikh, Noureddine. "Production de sperme et fertilité du lapin mâle, Oryctolagus cuniiculus : effets de la fréquence de collecte et du type génétique." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT006A.
Повний текст джерелаAigueperse, Nadège. "Influence des jeunes sur le comportement maternel et conséquences développementales chez la caille japonaise (Coturnix c. japonica)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe behavioural development of the individual is particularly sensitive to early social influences. The mother, as a privileged partner of the young from the birth, plays a primordial role in their survival and their development. In the precocial bird, although it is well established that maternal behavior varies according to the mother's personal characteristics, the role of the young in these variations and the consequences on their development remain unknown. In the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), we were initially interested in the influence of a relatedness between the mother and all her chicks. We showed that this factor did not induce any variation in its maternal behaviour, allowing us to place the hypothese of a weak parental selectivity in this species. We showed that, on the other hand, a change in the chicks’ behaviour following a modification of the prenatal environment improved the maternal behaviour, decreasing maternal aggressivity. We then demonstrated that a greater number of chicks induced an improvement of the first interactions but induced an emancipatory rejection earlier by the mother. Finally, we explored the influence of the sexual brood composition. It appears that mothers were more involved in their male chicks but that it was dependent on the sex of the other members of the brood. All of our work shows that these variations in maternal behaviour have a sure influence on the behavioural development of chicks whose sex determines their sensitivity to different maternal traits
Dolly, Adeline. "Cachexie cancéreuse : composition corporelle, structure et métabolisme du muscle squelettique." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3808.
Повний текст джерелаCancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle, leading to decreased quality of life, response to cancer treatments, and patient survival. Due to the physio pathological complexity of this clinical syndrome, there is currently no cure to cancer cachexia.Despite recent discoveries, the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle wasting are not clearly understood. Recent preclinical and clinical studies highlighted possible alterations in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, body composition could be affected not only by the tumor, but also by anti-cancer treatments.During this PhD, the aims were to study the links between body composition and bevacizumab-based chemotherapy treatment (clinical study STIC-Avastin (NCT00489697)); or with skeletal muscle structure and metabolism, in the context of cancer cachexia (clinical protocols METERMUCADIG (NCT02573974) and METERMUS-IMC (NCT03027479))
Pham, Quynh trang. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans un bain liquide avec fusion de la paroi et effets de composition." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961183.
Повний текст джерелаPham, Quynh Trang. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans un bain liquide avec fusion de la paroi et effets de composition." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the thermal-hydraulics of a melt pool coupled with the physical chemistry for thepurpose of describing the behaviour of mixtures of materials (non-eutectic).Evolution of transient temperature in a liquid melt pool heated by volumetric power dissipation hasbeen described with solidification on the cooled wall. The model has been developed and is validatedfor the experimental results given by LIVE experiment, performed at Karlsruhe Institute ofTechnology (KIT) in Germany. Under the conditions of these tests, it is shown that the interfacetemperature follows the liquidus temperature (corresponding to the composition of the liquid bath)during the whole transient. Assumption of interface temperature as liquidus temperature allowsrecalculating the evolution of the maximum melt temperature as well as the local crust thickness.Furthermore, we propose a model for describing the interaction between a non-eutectic liquid meltpool (subjected to volumetric power dissipation) and an ablated wall whose melting point is below theliquidus temperature of the melt. The model predictions are compared with results of ARTEMIS 2Dtests. A new formulation of the interface temperature between the liquid melt and the solid wall(below liquidus temperature) has been proposed
El, Ghazi-Delattre Faiza. "Implication de la composition de la composante vasculaire dans les effets protecteurs du VEGF sur les lésions cérébrales néonatales." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUER010.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous factors could damage the developing brain; however, it seems that excessive release of glutamate is a major process leading to brain lesion development. Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid of the central nervous system; it regulates both neurodevelopment and adult brain activity. Consequently, the disturbances in glutamate neurotransmission can lead to developmental abnormalities and significant brain damages triggered by the excitotoxic cascade. In the present PhD thesis, we focused on two stresses responsible for brain lesions in newborns and involving the glutamatergic transmission: the excitotoxicity and the perinatal alcohol exposure. The objective of this project consisted in investigating implication of the vasculature in the development of brain damage in newborn mice. Our work showed that the VEGF system interferes with two toxic stresses frequently observed during the perinatal life i. E. The glutamatergic excitotaxicity and the prenatal alcohol exposure. Concerning excitotaxicity, we found that a given concentration of glutamate exerted trophic or deleterious effects depending of the cortical layer considered. In the deep cortical layers V and VI, where glutamate is pronecrotic, we found that VEGF exerted a neuroprotective effect through a NO-dependent mechanism. On the other hand, in a model of prenatal alcohol exposure, we found that ethanol altered brain vasculature and VEGF receptor expression both in mice and FAS patients. Because alcohol possess glutamate antagonist properties, all these data suggest that glutamatergic and VEGFergic systems interact during neuronal and vascular development in the immature brain
Bourgue, Emmanuelle. "Effets des volatils CO2 et H2O sur les propriétés rhéologiques des magmas." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GLOB0006.
Повний текст джерелаSieffert, André. "La pollution par le SO ₂ et son interaction avec la sécheresse sont-ils des facteurs du dépérissement des forêts ? : étude de la composition protéique des aiguilles de Picea abies L. Karst." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112377.
Повний текст джерелаThis research has been focused on the study of the protein pattern of Picea abies needles d aimed at detecting modifications involved in the forest die back syndrom. Analysis of proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has led to the elaboration of protein maps of ca. 970 spots for three Norway spruce genotypes (clones) and the interclonal protein polymorphism has been studied. Quantitative difference in several proteins has been shown in green needles of damaged spruce trees relative to "healthy" trees from the Vosges (France). Soil dehydration induces quantitative variation of particular proteins as applied to 4-5 year-old trees. These effects were amplified or occurred earlier when drought was applied ta plants grown in air with 0,08 ppm S0₂ , whereas So₂ alone did not alter the protein patterns. Quantitative codifications in some proteins could be observed after 4 to 5 months in response to S0₂ , alone. Our results establish that S0₂ can reduce the resistance capacity of Norway spruce to drought, the synergistic effect between these factors possibly being implicated in forest dieback
Grégoire, Brian. "Relation Composition-Structure des Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires : Effets de la charge du feuillet et de la nature de l'anion interfoliaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0154/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript is devoted to the comprehension of the relationship between the composition of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and their structural properties. The first part of this manuscript is focalized on the formation and the structural properties of these materials. The influence of the cationic nature (MgII, NiII, CoII ; AlIII, FeIII) and their stoichiometries within the layer (MII/MIII E [2 ; 10]) constitutes the main axis of these investigations. The study of the hydrolytic behavior of a solution containing a mixture of divalent and trivalent cations as a function of their relative proportion allowed to propose a topotactic mechanism of formation of LDH phases. Moreover, it has been showed that the composition range is solely dependent on the nature of the cations. Thus, electrostatic models were designed to rationalize and predict the composition range as a function of the cationic nature. The second part is concerned with the properties of the interlayer domain. A joint study, coupling vibrational spectroscopies (Infrared and Raman) and X-ray diffraction allowed a detailed description of the influence of the cations and their stoichiometries on the organization of the interlayer anions (Cl-, CO32-, NO3-, ClO4-, aminoacids). The role of the interlayer water has also been investigated. Concerning hybrid organo-minerals, it has been showed that the layer charge dictates the orientation of the interlayered aminoacids, and consequently, their reactivity toward the formation of the peptide bonds. The enantioselective properties of the interlayer domain are highlighted toward the formation of peptides
Rasolohery, Claudine Aimée. "Etude des variations de la teneur en isoflavones et de leur composition dans le germe et le cotylédon de la graine de soja [Glycine max (L. ) Merrill]." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7622/1/rasolohery.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSINOQUET, ESTELLE. "Etudes ultrastructurale et biochimique de parois primaires d'interet alimentaire : effets de la degradation enzymatique sur leur structure et leur composition." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2027.
Повний текст джерелаKokkidis-Becquet, Marie-José. "Contribution à l'actualisation des tables de composition alimentaire francaises : étude expérimentale des effets de la cuisson et du stockage au froid, à court terme, sur la composition chimique de la viande bovine." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS001.
Повний текст джерелаLozano, Nathalie. "La subdivision d'un solide induite par l'évolution de sa composition chimique : intérêt pour la céramique nucléaire a fort taux d'irradiation." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS067.
Повний текст джерелаLarose, Catherine. "Interactions entre composition chimique et populations microbiennes de la neige : quelles sont les conséquences sur le cycle du mercure en Arctique ?" Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU004.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis is to characterize the interactions between seasonal snow chemistry and microbial community structure in an arctic snowpack. In order to do so, the biotic and abiotic compartments of the snowpack must be first characterized. From snow and meltwater samples obtained during a two-month field study held in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, Norway, 78°56'N, 11°52'E) in 2007, we showed that the sequence diversity in arctic snow and meltwater libraries is elevated. We also examined the fate of Hg in an arctic snowpack, from its deposition during atmospheric mercury depletion events up until its transfer during snow melt and reported an increase in methylmercury concentrations in the snowpack during late spring. The results from this campaign highlighted the need to improve our knowledge on mercury speciation and led to the development of a mer-lux biosensor to measure the bioavailable fraction of mercury. We deployed the biosensor during a second two-month field campaign in Ny-Ålesund in spring 2008 and the results obtained led to a novel model for mercury methylation in oxic environments. In parallel, we followed changes in microbial community structure in snow and meltwater samples using a 16S microarray. We modeled the interactions between snow chemistry and community structure and found a significant co-structure. We also explored functional community changes due to mercury contamination of snowpacks. Based on our results, methylmercury affects community structure and function at concentrations much lower than previously reported. Our results provide a basis for further studies on the interaction between chemistry and microbial community structure
Perraudeau, Sandrine. "La texture en musique : sa contribution pour la composition, l'apprentissage de la musique et ses effets sur la perception musicale et la cognition des enfants sourds implantés." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH020.
Повний текст джерелаIn the second half of the 20th century, the emergence of the notion of texture created new perspectives in the field of composition and music understanding. Today, it is clear that this notion became a valuable and major tool to analyse music by exceeding classic elements such as note, interval, rhythm, melody, and so on. The first part will be dedicated to define exactly this notion, and to analyze its use in the contemporary repertory and to introduce some thougths on its status in musicology. The second part will approach the question of deaf children hearing perception based on behavioral studies. The evaluation of the perceptual skills of deaf children in the field of music suffering at present from a lack of tool, we shall study how the use of the texture can contribute to improve our current educational practices for chlidren, more particularly among deaf children with cochlear implant
Lemaire, Vincent. "Hiérarchisation des déterminants de la composition atmosphérique future en Europe." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX091/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe atmospheric composition is mainly driven by the emission of primary pollutants and precursors and meteorology. Because of its sensitivity to unfavorable weather patterns, air pollution is expected to be sensitive to climate change. That is why the aim of this work is to estimate the effect of climate change over air pollution in Europe at the end of the century. To achieve this we rely on modeling which allow to cover such timescales. To reduce uncertainties and quantify the effect of climate change on air quality, ensemble approaches should be applied. However, the computing cost of such methods is substantial. To overcome this issue we developed a statistical method which does not require forcing a chemistry and transport model with a large ensemble of climate projections. The results obtained with this statistical method are in good agreement with full chemistry-transport models when considering long time periods. But we point out the limits of the method when focusing on extreme pollution events. The statistical model can be used to assess the uncertainty of using a comprehensive ensemble of climate forcing in terms of air quality impacts. The statistical approach can also help identifying a subset of climate forcing that should be explored in priority to drive chemistry-transport models.Such a subset of climate models is however only available at a degraded vertical resolution on existing databases such as EuroCordex. To quantify the error induced when using a meteorological variables only saved for a few vertical levels, a sensitivity study focused on the impact of the vertical resolution of the meteorological data has been perfomed. We emphasized that a minimum of 10 vertical levels and some specific variables were required to study the impact of climate change on air quality to keep the error lower than the climate change signal.Finally, we use the statistical method to compare the climate change effect and the future emissions reduction impact estimated also with a surrogate model. We exhibit that the magnitude of climate benefit for PM2.5 will be comparable to the emissions reductions of the dominant sector in each country studied. These emissions decreases will therefore be reinforced the climate change. On the opposite, for SOMO35, the climate penalty will jeopardize the emission reductions between 2010 and 2050. We also evaluate that climate change will become more important than the expected reduction emissions signal
L, Normandin Ève. "Effets du phénotype d'obésité et de la perte de poids sur le profil cardiométabolique et la composition corporelle de femmes ménopausées." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8070.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: The aging process is associated with several body composition changes; which can lead to metabolic deteriorations, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to establish effective weight lost strategies in older adults. However, obesity is a heterogeneous condition; not all individual will present metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and will respond similarly to a weight loss intervention. In order to find more efficient obesity treatments, we have compared the effects of weight loss interventions on body composition and the metabolic profile in sedentary and menopausal women exhibiting different obesity phenotypes. We first analysed the effects of weight loss from caloric restriction on women displaying a “mesomorphic-obese” phenotype. Results show the importance of considering baseline body composition in order to define which individual may better respond to a caloric restriction induced weight loss intervention. In the second study, we were able to demonstrate that dynapenic-obese women responded similarly to non-dynapenic-obese women following a weight loss intervention combining caloric restriction and resistance training. Results from our first two studies are interesting considering that several scientific publications propose to adapt weight loss intervention according to obesity phenotypes. The third article’s objective was to investigate the relationship between glucose tolerance status and changes in body composition following a caloric restriction induced weight loss intervention. Our data show that the relationship between body composition variables and glucose disposal depends on baseline glucose tolerance in obese menopausal women. Our results also suggest a positive association between changes in measures of fat mass variables and measures of glucose disposal in glucose tolerant women following weight loss. To conclude, based on our results, defining obesity phenotypes using biological or physiological variables would not allow us to better personalise weight loss interventions when the objective is to improve the metabolic profile and body composition. However, if the increase in muscle strength is the main objective, characterizing menopausal women according to the “dynapenic-obesity” phenotype, seem to have positive effects on weight loss response.
Rouffié, Anne-Laure. "Compréhension et modélisation de la rupture fragile des aciers renforcés par nano-précipitation : effets de texture, de vieillissement et de composition." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01069061.
Повний текст джерелаQuiclet, Charline. "Effets de l'entraînement physique périnatal sur la santé métabolique de la descendance : composition corporelle, fonction pancréatique et gestion des substrats énergétiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS041/document.
Повний текст джерелаPrevalence of metabolic diseases is growing up in our modern societies and constitutes a major public health concern. Family history, environment and lifestyle play a role in the susceptibility to several metabolic disorders. Based on epidemiological data, a link has been established between the environment during the first stages of life and diseases occurrence in adulthood leading to the concept of DOHaD. The aim of this work was to study, using a murine model, the effect of daily maternal exercise during gestation or lactation on offspring body composition, pancreatic function and energy substrates handling on a short- and a long-term basis. Maternal training before and during gestation is associated with changes in offspring pancreas structure and function and in energy substrates handling at all ages. Maternal exercise also decreases offspring body weight gain and fat mass gain when exposed to a high-fat/high sucrose diet. Maternal physical exercise during lactation modifies milk composition and offspring pancreatic function. However, it is associated to an increase in offspring body weight in adulthood but seems to protect against the insulin resistance induced by maternal separation. In conclusion, daily physical exercise during gestation and/or lactation modifies offspring organs development and maturation (such as pancreas, adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle) and its energy substrates handling. Maternal training consequences on offspring can be either beneficial or deleterious depending on its age and on its nutritional environment. This work is complementary to studies conducted in the framework of the DOHaD concept and strengthens the idea that the environment during the first stages of life will have short- to long-term impacts on the health of the individual
El, Hage Rawad. "La masse osseuse de l'adolescent : effets de la composition corporelle, de la surcharge pondérale et d'un programme pluridisciplinaire d'entraînement en endurance." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2013.
Повний текст джерелаThe aims of this thesis were to explore the effects of body composition, overweight and of an endurance training program on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents. 4 studies were undertaken to achieve this goal. The first study explored the relative importance of lean and fat mass on BMD in a group of adolescent girls and boys. This study showed that fat mass is a positive determinant of BMD in girls but not in boys. In fact, lean mass was the best positive determinant of BMD in boys. The studies 2 and 3 aimed at studying the effects of overweight on whole-body, lumbar spine and hip BMD in Lebanese adolescent girls. These studies showed that the crude values of BMC and BMD were higher in overweight girls compared to controls. However, there were no differences in BMC or BMD between the two groups after adjusting for weight. Therefore, these studies suggest that the BMD of the overweight girls adapts to the increased body weight. The last study explored the effects of 12 weeks of endurance training on BMC and BMD in obese, overweight and normal-weighted sedentary adolescent girls. The BMD increased in the three groups. However, the whole-body BMC increased only in the obese group. This study confirmed the positive effects of physical exercise on BMD in obese and non-obese adolescent girls
Lemieux, Guillaume. "Effets de la composition et des paramètres de mélange sur la performance des bétons autoplaçants utilisés pour la préfabrication d'éléments précontraints." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1396.
Повний текст джерелаBeaudet, Valérie. "Effets de la composition de la ration sur la synthèse apparente de vitamines B dans le rumen de la vache laitière." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25800.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past years, scientific community interest on B-vitamin synthesis in the rumen of dairy cows has increased, and strategies employed to enhance their endogenous synthesis reside in the formulation of diets. Several dietary factors influence the amount of B vitamins reaching the intestine and this project was undertaken to evaluate the effects of two of these parameters on B-vitamin apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS) in dairy cows. On one hand, the dietary concentration of extruded linseed, and on the other hand, the nitrogen level and the energy source of the diet were studied. The first trial was conducted in two phases which differed in their basal forage diet. In the first one, cows received hay based diet while in the second one, cows received corn silage based diet. Each experiment was performed with four Holstein cows which ingested extruded linseed supplements at 0, 5, 10 or 15% on DM basis. Increasing extruded linseed concentration in the diet induced a greater duodenal flow of vitamin B6 and folates in both experiments. Vitamin B6 degradation in the rumen decreased with the increased concentration of linseed only in the experiment with corn silage-based diets. Folate ARS increased with a higher supply of extruded linseed in both phases. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B12 were not affected by treatments. The second trial was carried out with four Holstein cows receiving dietary treatments comparing two nitrogen levels (high: 14% of crude protein; low: 11% crude protein) and two energy sources (high in starch or high in fiber). Decreasing dietary nitrogen concentration reduced vitamin B6 duodenal flow and increased its ruminal degradation. It also reduced folate duodenal flow and ARS. The rich-starch diets increased duodenal flow and ruminal balance of riboflavin, vitamin B6 and folates while the rich-fiber diets increased vitamin B12 duodenal flow and ARS. In summary, the results from the current study demonstrate that, in lactating dairy cows, dietary characteristics influence the individual supply of B vitamins differently.
El, Hage Rawad Benhamou Claude Laurent Jacob Christophe. "La masse osseuse de l'adolescent effets de la composition corporelle, de la surcharge pondérale et d'un programme pluridisciplinaire d'entraînement en endurance /." S. l. : S. l. : S. n. ; S. n, 2009. http://intranet.univ-orleans.fr/bibliotheques/theses/rawad.elhage_2024.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.
André, Marie-Ève. "Effets directs et indirects de la structure du paysage sur la quête alimentaire du sarcoramphe roi." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6568.
Повний текст джерелаFrappier, Renaud. "Fragilisation des aciers par le zinc liquide à haute température et conséquences." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9bb1b823-c4e5-4b2f-ae06-e6916c639fca.
Повний текст джерелаLiquid-Zn induced embrittlement of advanced high strength steels and the consequences for resistance spot welding of galvanized sheets are studied. High temperature tensile tests show that Zn-coated steels loss its ductility, by comparison with bare steel sheet, for temperature typically between 700 °C and 950 °C. Intergranular cracks are observed with nanometer-thick films of Zn. The temperature range for embrittlement (well above Zn melting point around 420 °C) is correlated to the effective wetting of steel grain boundaries by liquid Zn. Crack velocity is correlated to estimated stress intensity factor at the crack tip. The phenomenon is discussed in terms of grain boundary diffusion of Zn, wetting transition of grain boundary, and simple mechanical features at the crack tip. Resistance spot welding process is characterized by innovative methods: temperature measurement by infrared thermography, and deformation characterization by high speed camera monitoring. Cracking extent for investigated grades is quantified by measuring a cumulated crack depth into the spot as a function of welding current, surface temperature and surface deformation. Differences between investigated steels are analyzed regarding the chemical composition and the microstructure. The analysis of a database of 30 steel grades lead to find tendency for the influence of main alloying elements, and to design tentative solutions to avoid the phenomenon
Pichard, Patrick. "Effets des protéines de différents produits laitiers sur les concentrations sériques du cholestérol et des lipoprotéines chez le rat : valeur nutritionnelle de ces protéines laitières." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F095.
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