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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Royani, J. I., H. Khairiyah, F. R. Mira, Karyanti, and N. Watanabe. "The effect of callus induction media for somatic embryo formation in Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1160, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1160/1/012007.

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Abstract The method for micro-propagation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) by somatic embryo has been conducted. The aim of the research will describe the effect of media used for callus induction on the somatic embryo formation of rubber plants. Embryonic callus had been induction in 3 media, i.e.; MH1, MH2, and MH3. After callus induction, all callus were induced in media for embryo somatic expression. Maturation of cotyledons was performed using liquid media with filter paper as a bridge to absorb the media. The results showed that the percentage of callus was induced differently for each media. MH3 media was the best media for callus induction with 62.5% of callus forms, but for embryonic callus, MH1 was the best media. Not all of the calluses could be expressed to become somatic embryos. Most calluses derived from MH1 media were the best callus for somatic embryos formed.

2

Guha, Sanjib, and Niazur Rahim. "The effect of managerial horizon on cash holdings." Managerial Finance 45, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 1092–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2018-0442.

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Purpose US corporations are now sitting on an enormous stockpile of cash. Instead of investing their resources and creating jobs, the firms are holding on to excess cash. Academicians and practitioners alike have tried to fathom the reasons why companies are holding on to so much cash. Numerous studies have talked about the various motives for holding cash. Many researchers have tried to correlate excess cash holding with particular firm characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to study the correlations that exist between excess cash holding and some measurable managerial characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Four different measures of managerial horizon (MH) were constructed. The first two constructs (MH1 and MH2) are based on the CEO’s age and how long he has been the CEO of the company. The next two constructs (MH3 and MH4) are based on compensation, proportion of current compensation and proportion of future compensation. This paper tries to examine if MH has any impact on excess cash holding. Findings The results clearly show that the CEO age and the proportion of CEO’s compensation (current and future) do determine level of cash holding in the company. Younger CEOs hold more cash compared to older CEOs. Older CEOs hold less cash suggesting that as CEOs grow older they might be motivated by the idea of leaving a long lasting legacy. CEOs who receive more of their compensation in future payments also hold on to more cash, whereas CEOs who receive more of their compensation in current payments hold less cash. Originality/value There is no previous literature dealing with MH and cash holding by corporations.

3

Mogi, Iwao, and Kazuo Watanabe. "Chiral Recognition of Amino Acids by Magnetoelectrodeposited Cu Film Electrodes." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/239637.

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Chiral behavior of magnetoelectrodeposited (MED) Cu film electrodes was investigated for the electrochemical reactions of amino acids. The Cu films were electrodeposited under a magnetic field of 5 T perpendicular to the electrode surface. Such MED Cu films were employed as an electrode, and cyclic voltammograms were measured for the electrochemical reactions of several kinds of amino acids. Chiral behavior was clearly observed as oxidation current difference between the enantiomers of alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. The MED film electrodes with the thickness of 50~500 nm exhibited such chiral behavior, and their surface morphologies had network structures, which could be induced by the micro-MHD effect.

4

Chowdhury, Kakali. "MHD Mixed Convective Nanofluid Flow: Effect of Heat Source and Corrugated Boundary." Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access 8, no. 3 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoa-16000255.

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The problem of MHD mixed convection is analyzed in a lid driven cavity with corrugated wavy bottom wall filled with Cu-H2 O nanofluid in presence of internal heat source. The top and right walls of the cavity are maintained with a uniform cold temperature whereas the left wall and bottom wavy wall are kept adiabatic. The top wall is moving with a constant velocity upon its lid and a rectangular heat source is placed horizontally inside the cavity. The physical problem is characterized by 2D governing partial differential equations along with proper boundary conditions and are discretized using Galerkin’s finite element formulation. The study is executed by analyzing different ranges of geometrical, physical and nondimensional parameters namely, wave number of wavy surface (0 ≤ ≤ λ 4) , the ratio of heat source height and cavity height 1 3 1 20 a l  ≤ ≤      volume fraction of nanoparticle (0 ≤ ≤ ϕ 0.09) Hartmann number (0 ≤ ≤ Ha 90) and Richardson number (0.1≤ ≤ Ri 10) . The results indicate that heat transfer rate decreases with the increasing value of heat source height and cavity height ratio a L       . It decreases about 9% and 25% with the increasing ratio of a L from 1 20 to 1 10 and 1 5 respectively. It also reveals that heat transfer rate increases with the increasing value of wave number of corrugated wall. At Ri=1 and Ha=0 heat transfer rate increases about 9% and 16% with the increasing value of λ from 0 to 2 and 4 respectively for nanofluid with 6% of nanoparticle. Keywords: MHD; Nanoparticle; Nanofluid

5

Lansford, Jefferson L., Shengjie Chai, Gheath Alatrash, Jeffrey J. Molldrem, Paul M. Armistead, and Benjamin G. Vincent. "Integrated In Silico Prediction of Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Peptides in HLA-Matched Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3352.3352.

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Abstract Background and Rationale: T-cell responses to minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) are important drivers of the beneficial graft versus leukemia (GvL) effect and harmful graft versus host disease (GvHD) pathology following HLA-matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Despite their importance, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have failed to elicit a prognostic set of individual mHA associated with the clinically observed GvL and GvH effects of alloSCT [Sato-Otsubo et al. Blood 2015]. This is likely due to a lack of public mHA shared across the global set of donor/recipient pairs (DRPs). Even an optimally frequent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) would result in a recipient restricted genetic variant in only 24% of DRPs with a matched unrelated donor (MUD) or 17% of DRPs with a matched related donor (MRD) [Armistead et al. PLoS One 2011]. Moreover, even when DRPs do share a recipient restricted genetic variant, any resulting peptide would have to bind a MHC molecule within the recipient for presentation to T-cells. Methods: To evaluate the role of mHA in alloSCT without requiring public mHA, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline to predict mHA peptides based on SNP differences taking into account peptide/MHC binding estimated by netMHCpan [Nielson et al. Genome Med 2016] and expected GvL vs GvH tissue expression derived from mRNA sequencing data from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and normal hematopoietic, hepatobiliary, skin, and gastrointestinal tract tissues. In order to understand the distribution of mHA in HLA-matched alloSCT drawn from a diverse pool of DRPs, we applied this analysis to putative DRPs drawn from healthy individuals who underwent whole-exome sequencing as part of the 1000 Genomes Project (n = 1,916) [1000 Genomes Project Consortium et al. Nature 2015]. To evaluate the association of mHA with AML relapse and GvHD incidence following alloSCT, we predicted mHA from SNP data using clinical information from an earlier study [Armistead et al. PLoS One 2011]. Results: To determine a baseline for the number of predicted mHA in an alloSCT, we considered every possible pair of samples in the 1000 Genomes data set as a theoretical alloSCT (n = 3,669,140). We determined each sample's HLA type using PHLAT [Bai et al. BMC Genomics 2014] and then performed mHA predictions for all theoretical transplants with a 10 out of 10 HLA match (n = 10). Within each ethnicity represented in the 1000 Genomes data, the degree of HLA matching was greater than that of all ethnicities pooled, with the lowest HLA diversity in the Finnish, Chinese, and Japanese populations. The number of predicted mHA binding MHC with Kd < 500nM ranged from 6,217 to 13,545 in the 1000 Genomes theoretical HLA-matched DRPs, with mHA contained in genes selectively expressed in AML versus those selectively expressed in GvH target organs numbering 213 to 610 and 367 to 1,135, respectively. HLA-A*02:01 restricted mHA were predicted for 37 actual DRPs in the context of MUD alloSCT and 97 DRPs from MRD alloSCT [Armistead et al. PLoS One 2011]. There were significantly more predicted mHA in MUD transplants (Figure 1). Taking into account both predicted peptide/MHC binding and tissue expression, the number of predicted GvL mHA was significantly associated with remission and the aggregate number of predicted GvH mHA was significantly associated with grade 2-4 GvHD incidence in MUD transplants (Figure 2). Conclusions: Prediction of mHA based on whole-exome sequencing data is feasible and can be used to discover associations of mHA distribution features with clinical outcomes including AML remission and GvHD incidence. Future work in larger datasets will be required to validate these predicted associations and guide development of mHA-directed therapeutics. Disclosures Molldrem: Astellas Pharma: Patents & Royalties.

6

Benkeblia, Noureddine. "Effect of maleic hydrazide on respiratory parameters of stored onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.)." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 16, no. 1 (April 2004): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202004000100007.

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The respiration rate (RR) (CO2 production), activation energy (Ea) and Q10 of maleic hydrazide-treated onion bulbs (Allium cepa, cv. Rouge Amposta) at 20.10-6 mol.L-1 (MH1) and 45.10-6 mol.L-1 (MH2) were measured at 4, 10 and 20ºC. Immediately after treatment, the Q10 of MH-treated and control bulbs were not significantly different. After 8 weeks of storage, Q10 of control and both MH-treated bulbs increased and ranged from 2.34 and 2.89. Respiration rate of onions increased during storage, and after 24 weeks, RR values of control, MH1 and MH2 were 0.43, 0.32 and 0.26 mmol CO2.kg-1.h-1 at 20ºC respectively; and 0.26, 0.20 and 0.17 mmol CO2.kg-1.h-1 at 10ºC respectively. At 4ºC, no significant difference was observed between control and MH-treated bulbs. After 24 weeks, sprouting of the control and MH1 and MH2-treated bulbs was 75%, 38% and 33% at 20ºC respectively, and 50%, 22% and 17% at 10ºC respectively. At 4ºC, the sprouting level of control bulbs did not exceed 7% and was 5% for MH-treated bulbs. No difference was observed in rotting of control and MH-treated bulbs, and the low rotting observed at 4ºC could be attributed to low temperature rather than maleic hydrazide treatment.

7

Aslani, Kyriaki-Evangelia, Lefteris Benos, Efstratios Tzirtzilakis, and Ioannis E. Sarris. "Micromagnetorotation of MHD Micropolar Flows." Symmetry 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12010148.

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The studies dealing with micropolar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows usually ignore the micromagnetorotation (MMR) effect, by assuming that magnetization and magnetic field vectors are parallel. The main objective of the present investigation is to measure the effect of MMR and the possible differences encountered by ignoring it. The MHD planar Couette micropolar flow is solved analytically considering and by ignoring the MMR effect. Subsequently, the influence of MMR on the velocity and microrotation fields as well as skin friction coefficient, is evaluated for various micropolar size and electric effect parameters and Hartmann numbers. It is concluded that depending on the parameters’ combination, as MMR varies, the fluid flow may accelerate, decelerate, or even excite a mixed pattern along the channel height. Thus, the MMR term is a side mechanism, other than the Lorentz force, that transfers or dissipates magnetic energy in the flow direct through microrotation. Acceleration or deceleration of the velocity from 4% to even up to 45% and almost 15% deviation of the skin friction were measured when MMR was considered. The crucial effect of the micromagnetorotation term, which is usually ignored, should be considered for the future design of industrial and bioengineering applications.

8

Raptis, A., C. Perdikis, and H. S. Takhar. "Effect of thermal radiation on MHD flow." Applied Mathematics and Computation 153, no. 3 (June 2004): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0096-3003(03)00657-x.

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9

PALUMBO, L. J., and A. M. PLATZECK. "MHD stationary symmetric flows with Hall effect." Journal of Plasma Physics 72, no. 04 (December 8, 2005): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377805003958.

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10

Dang, Khyati, Vinita Makkar, and Naresh Sharma. "Mathematical Simulation for MHD Casson Convective Nanofluid Flow Induced by 3D Permeable Sheet with Chemical Effect." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 16 (April 19, 2024): 1713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i16.117.

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Objectives: Current manuscript focuses on examination of chemical reaction and heat generation impacts on 3D MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with convective boundary conditions induced by permeable sheet. Additionally, Brownian motion, non-Newtonian heating and thermophoretic processes as used for this study. Methods: A computational programme, MATLAB has been used for solving the system of O.D.Es with the help of ODE45 solver. The Runge Kutta Fehlberg approach is implemented to calculate the answer to the expression for temperature, velocity, and nanoparticle concentration after the shooting process. Findings: For a variety of fluid parameters, the temperature, concentration of nanoparticles, and dimensionless velocities are shown and examined, including permeability parameter , magnetic , stretching ratio parameter , Lewis number , Brownian motion and Prandtl number , thermal Biot number , Casson fluid parameter , chemical reaction parameter . The temperature is found to increase with an enhance in the thermal Biot number and to reduce with a greater Prandtl number and stretching ratio parameter. Novelty: Although the immense significance and frequent use of nanofluids in industries and technology, no effort has been made to explore the chemical influence on MHD Casson fluid flow using a three-dimensional permeable sheet. Through similarity transformations, the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg technique converts mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations into ODEs and incorporates boundary conditions. Skin friction and the heat transmission rate past an extending surface, which have an impact on technology and production, can be predicted using the results of this study. Keywords: Chemical reaction, Buongiorno's model, Nanofluid, Biot numbers, 3D permeable sheet

11

Dey, Deepshikha, Arup Jana, and Manas Ranjan Pradhan. "Influence of agriculture on child nutrition through child feeding practices in India: A district-level analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): e0261237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261237.

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Malnutrition continues to be a primary concern for researchers and policymakers in India. There is limited scientific research on the effect of agriculture on child nutrition in the country using a large representative sample. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the spatial clustering of child malnutrition and its linkage with agricultural production at the district-level in the country. The present study aims to examine agricultural production’s role in improving the nutritional status of Indian children through child feeding practices. The nutritional indicators of children from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–16) and the agricultural production data for all the 640 districts of India obtained from the District-Wise Crop Production Statistics (2015–16), published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India were used for the analysis. The statistical analysis was undertaken in STATA (version 14.1). ArcMap (version 10.3), and GeoDa (version 1.8) were used for the spatial analysis. The study found a higher prevalence of malnutrition among children who had not received Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), and Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD). Further, child feeding practices- MMF, MDD, and MAD- were positively associated with high yield rates of spices and cereals. The yield rate of cash crops, on the contrary, harmed child feeding practices. Production of pulses had a significant positive effect on MDD and MAD. Districts with high cereal yield rates ensured that children receive MMF and MAD. There is a significant spatial association between child feeding practices and malnutrition across Indian districts. The study suggests that adopting nutrient-sensitive agriculture may be the best approach to improving children’s nutritional status.

12

Zhou, Xiang, Hong Jiang, Yi-Peng Zhou, Xiao-Yu Wang, Hai-Yan Ren, Xue-Fei Tian, and Qing-Qing Zhang. "Mediating role of social support in dysphoria, despondency, and quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis." World Journal of Psychiatry 14, no. 3 (March 19, 2024): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i3.409.

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BACKGROUND Dysphoria and despondency are prevalent psychological issues in patients undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) that significantly affect their quality of life (QOL). High levels of social support can significantly improve the physical and mental well-being of patients undergoing MHD. Currently, there is limited research on how social support mediates the relationship between dysphoria, despondency, and overall QOL in patients undergoing MHD. It is imperative to investigate this mediating effect to mitigate dysphoria and despondency in patients undergoing MHD, ultimately enhancing their overall QOL. AIM To investigate the mediating role of social support in relationships between dysphoria, despondency, and QOL among patients undergoing MHD. METHODS Participants comprised 289 patients undergoing MHD, who were selected using a random sampling approach. The Social Support Rating Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and QOL Scale were administered. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between social support, dysphoria, despondency, and QOL in patients undergoing MHD. To assess the mediating impact of social support on dysphoria, despondency, and QOL in patients undergoing MHD, a bootstrap method was applied. RESULTS Significant correlations among social support, dysphoria, despondency, and quality in patients undergoing MHD were observed (all P < 0.01). Dysphoria and despondency negatively correlated with social support and QOL (P < 0.01). Dysphoria and despondency had negative predictive impacts on the QOL of patients undergoing MHD (P < 0.05). The direct effect of dysphoria on QOL was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Social support mediated the relationship between dysphoria and QOL, and this mediating effect was significant (P < 0.05). Similarly, the direct effect of despondency on QOL was significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, social support played a mediating role between despondency and QOL, with a significant mediating effect (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that social support plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between dysphoria, despondency, and QOL in patients undergoing MHD.

13

Li, Yong, Dian Kai Wang, and Qian Li. "Application of Magneto Hydrodynamics (MHD) in Hypersonic Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.890.

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It is very important to develop the technology of the hypersonic vehicle along with the demand of many countries. This article summarizes the technology of MHD flow control and MHD generator and analyzes key technical issues of application of MHD. It included increase theoretic research and found accurate 3D model of MHD flow. The first, it needs to develop technology of large dimension plasma generator to impose effect of MHD in scramjet, at the same time it also needs to consider weight volume material and thermal protective; The second, it needs to build model of MHD energy bypass and calculate range of application of MHD.

14

Timofeev, Victor, Maksim Khatsayuk, and Mikhail Eremin. "Transverse Edge Effect in MHD-Stirrers for Liquid Metals." Advanced Engineering Forum 17 (June 2016): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.17.66.

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The present article describes the analysis of electromagnetic field in an induction MHD-stirrer for liquid metals with the account of transverse di-mensions of the inductor and bath with melt. The parameters of the equivalent circuit of a MHD-stirrer and its electromagnetic characteristics have been defined.

15

Witalis, E. A. "Hall Effect, or Hyperbolic Magnetohydrodynamics, HMHD." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-0902.

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The MHD theory of present magnetic fusion research is briefly reviewed with emphasis on its mathematically diffusive character. The importance of retaining the Hall effect term, neglected in ideal or resistive MHD theory, is stressed. Elliptic MHD theory is critically dismissed. The Hall effect, or Hyperbolic, MagnetoHydro-Dynamics, HMHD, is shown to follow as the consequence of a revision of plasma electrodynamics so as to account for the fundamental plasma quasineutrality. The non-validity of Newton’s third law in charged particle contexts is then central. Previously poorly understood phenomena, such as plasma edge effects and magnetic field line reconnection are found to be inherent properties in this HMHD plasma description. The “magnetic bottle” principle for high density plasma confinement is shown to be physically unsound because there will exist a no-confinement plasma boundary region with HMHD theory properties. Arguments for non-thermal fusion, provided by HMHD theory, are given.

16

Ishikawa, Motoo, and Juro Umoto. "Effect of secondary flow induced in MHD generator." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 105, no. 3 (1985): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1972.105.296.

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17

Zhou, Shuang-Shuang, Adel Almarashi, Rebwar Nasir Dara, Alibek Issakhov, Hu Ge-JiLe, Mahmoud Mohamed Selim, and Mohammed Reza Hajizadeh. "Effect of permeability and MHD on nanoparticle transportation." Journal of Molecular Liquids 335 (August 2021): 116137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116137.

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18

Shahidian, Azadeh, Majid Ghassemi, and Rafat Mohammadi. "Effect of Nanofluid Properties on Magnetohydrodynamic Pump (MHD)." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.663.

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A Magnetohydrodynamic pump uses the Lorentz effect. It is based on the injection of an electric field into two electrodes located at facing side walls of a channel. The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the effect of Nanofluid properties on the flow field as well as the temperature distribution in a MHD pump. To solve the non-linear governing differential equations, a finite difference based code is developed and utilized. The temperature and velocity are calculated by solving the energy and Navier-Stokes equations. Result shows that temperature stays almost constant with magnetic field. Furthermore velocity and temperature behaviours are similar for each period. However heat transfer inside the MHD pump varies with nanofluid (NaCl solution and Al2O3 nanoparticles) in comparison with the NaCl solution.

19

Tikhonchuk, V. T., and V. Y. Bychenkov. "Effect of anomalous resistivity on MHD wave damping." Journal of Geophysical Research 100, A6 (1995): 9535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95ja00520.

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20

Capone, Florinda, and Roberta De Luca. "Porous MHD Convection: Effect of Vadasz Inertia Term." Transport in Porous Media 118, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-017-0868-2.

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21

Daltin, A. L., and J. P. Chopart. "Magnetic field effect on electrodeposition of Cu2O crystals." Magnetohydrodynamics 45, no. 2 (2009): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.45.2.17.

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22

Kowalik, R., K. Mech, D. Kutyla, T. Tokarski, and P. Zabinski. "Magnetic field effect on the electrodeposition of ZnSe." Magnetohydrodynamics 51, no. 2 (2015): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.51.2.19.

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23

Nenovski, P. "Two-fluid or Hall MHD description of weakly-ionized stratified atmosphere polarization effect on MHD waves." Physica Scripta 50, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/50/5/016.

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24

Saha, Shudhanshu Kumar, Rafi Nazrul Islam, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury, Abdur Razzak, Abdul Latif, Mehruba Alam Ananna, et al. "Dialysis Adequacy and Quality of Life in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Bangladeshi Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis." BIRDEM Medical Journal 9, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v9i2.41280.

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Background: Quality of life (QOL) is one of the chief areas to be addressed when caring for people with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The continual excretory function of native kidneys are replaced in such patients by few hours of rapid urea clearance in a week. This study aimed to explore whether more weekly hemodialysis sessions and dialysis adequacy do actually improve parameters of QOL and if this is beneficial enough at the cost of taking additional dialysis sessions in a low income country like Bangladesh. Whether being diabetic influences QOL was also investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 135 adults, who were on maintenance haemodialysis(MHD) for >3 months, from three dialysis centers in Dhaka from January to December, 2013. Patients with malignancy, dementia, and psychosis were excluded. Patients were interviewed once by the investigators to fill a validated Bangla version of the kidney disease quality of life short form questionnaire (KDQOL-SF-36 version 1.3) and calculate a QOL score. Results: Mean age, mean duration of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and MHD were 50±12 years, 4.9±5.1 years and 12±11.8 months respectively. Overall QOL score for the study sample was 50±17. Only 43(31.9%) patients received adequate hemodialysis (mean Kt/V=1.3) while the rest (with Kt/V<1.2) had achieved an average Kt/V of 0.8 (p<0.001). Duration of MHD, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and ferritin were not significantly different for those adequately dialysed, compared to the rest. Also no improvement in any QOL parameter was found in those with Kt/V>1.2 (adequate HD). However, when a comparison was made between those with 3 HD sessions/week (n=63, mean MHD duration 24±14 months) with patients receiving 2 HD sessions/week (n=72, mean MHD duration 8.4±11 months), the former group had lower “effect of kidney disease” scores (p=0.021), higher “quality of social interaction” scores (p=0.031) and lower “role emotion” scores (p=0.002). When diabetic patients (n=82, mean age 54±8 years, MHD duration 18.5±9.5 months) and non-diabetic subjects (n=53, aged 42±13 years, MHD duration of 25±16 months) were compared, “effects of kidney disease”, “cognitive function” and “quality of social interaction” scales were significantly higher in those having diabetes (with p<0.045, p<0.024 and p<0.022 respectively). Conclusion: Since achieving hemodialysis adequacy was not found to improve QOL scores, an additional dialysis session at extra cost every week may not be advisable for people of a low income country Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 138-146

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Pagano, P., I. De Moortel, and R. J. Morton. "Effect of coronal loop structure on wave heating through phase mixing." Astronomy & Astrophysics 643 (November 2020): A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039209.

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Context. The mechanism(s) behind coronal heating still elude(s) direct observation and modelling of viable theoretical processes and the subsequent effect on coronal structures is one of the key tools available to assess possible heating mechanisms. Wave heating via the phase mixing of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) transverse waves has been proposed as a possible way to convert magnetic energy into thermal energy, but MHD models increasingly suggest this is not an efficient enough mechanism. Aims. We modelled heating by phase mixing transverse MHD waves in various configurations in order to investigate whether certain circumstances can enhance the heating sufficiently to sustain the million degree solar corona and to assess the impact of the propagation and phase mixing of transverse MHD waves on the structure of the boundary shell of coronal loops. Methods. We used 3D MHD simulations of a pre-existing density enhancement in a magnetised medium and a boundary driver to trigger the propagation of transverse waves with the same power spectrum as measured by the Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter. We consider different density structures, boundary conditions at the non-drive footpoint, characteristics of the driver, and different forms of magnetic resistivity. Results. We find that different initial density structures significantly affect the evolution of the boundary shell and that some driver configurations can enhance the heating generated from the dissipation of the MHD waves. In particular, drivers coherent on a larger spatial scale and higher dissipation coefficients can generate significant heating, although it is still insufficient to balance the radiative losses in this setup. Conclusions. We conclude that while phase mixing of transverse MHD waves is unlikely to sustain the thermal structure of the corona, there are configurations that allow for an enhanced efficiency of this mechanism. We provide possible signatures to identify the presence of such configurations, such as the location of where the heating is deposited along the coronal loop.

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Hellinger, Petr, Victor Montagud-Camps, Luca Franci, Lorenzo Matteini, Emanuele Papini, Andrea Verdini, and Simone Landi. "Ion-scale Transition of Plasma Turbulence: Pressure–Strain Effect." Astrophysical Journal 930, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5fad.

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Abstract We investigate properties of solar-wind-like plasma turbulence using direct numerical simulations. We analyze the transition from large, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scales to the ion characteristic ones using two-dimensional hybrid (fluid electrons and kinetic ions) simulations. To capture and quantify turbulence properties, we apply the Karman–Howarth–Monin (KHM) equation for compressible Hall–MHD (extended by considering the plasma pressure as a tensor quantity) to the numerical results. The KHM analysis indicates that the transition from MHD to ion scales (the so-called ion break in the power spectrum) results from a combination of an onset of Hall physics and an effective dissipation owing to the pressure–strain energy-exchange channel and resistivity. We discuss the simulation results in the context of the solar wind.

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Zhu, Beisha, Hang Wu, Siyu Lv, and Yulan Xu. "Association between illness perception and social alienation among maintenance hemodialysis patients: The mediating role of fear of progression." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 2, 2024): e0301666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301666.

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Purpose This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of fear of progression on illness perception and social alienation among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Background MHD is frequently accompanied by increased pain and complications such as itchy skin, chronic fatigue, and muscle spasms. Cardiovascular disease rates are also elevated among MHD patients, which can heighten their anxiety regarding prognosis and treatment discomfort. This chronic fear may severely impact social functioning, leading patients to withdraw from interpersonal interactions and experience heightened helplessness and loneliness. Further investigation is necessary to understand the factors behind the high level of social alienation in MHD patients and their underlying mechanisms. Design A cross-sectional study guided by the STROBE. Methods A convenience sample of 230 MHD patients were enrolled from January to May 2023. Data including demographic and clinical characteristics, illness perception, fear of progression, and social alienation were collected. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlations were conducted using IBM SPSS version 25.0. The mediating effect was analyzed using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS, with the Bootstrap method employed to assess its significance. Results The score of social alienation in MHD patients was high, with illness perception and fear of progression both significantly correlated with social alienation. In the mediating effects model, illness perception can predict social alienation in MHD patients, and fear of progression use plays a part in mediating the process by which illness perception affects social alienation. The Kappa Squared (κ2) value of 21.9%, suggests a medium effect size. Conclusions Illness perception directly predicts social alienation in MHD patients and exerts an indirect effect through the mediating role of fear of progression. Suggests that healthcare professionals should concentrate on MHD patients with high negative illness perceptions to alleviate their fear of progression, thereby decreasing the level of social alienation and enhancing their integration into society.

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Valdettaro, Lorenzo, and Maurice Meneguzzi. "Compressible MHD in Spherical Geometry." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 130 (1991): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100079434.

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AbstractThe generation of magnetic field by a conducting, compressible fluid inside a spherical shell is studied by direct numerical simulations. A pseudo-spectral method is used in order to resolve accurately all the scales present in the problem. The range of parameters considered is the following: a unit Prandtl number, Rayleigh numbers up to 100 times critical, Taylor number 625, an aspect ratio of 2, a Mach number slightly less than 1, and pressure and temperature scale heights of the order of the thickness of the shell. A dynamo effect is observed for magnetic Prandtl numbers larger than 1. We present the properties of the turbulent flow, the role of the helicity and of the differential rotation in the enhancement of the magnetic field, and the spectral properties of the flow fields.

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KAKIZAKI, Kazushi, Tetsuhiko MAEDA, and Motoo ISHIKAWA. "MHD simulation of liquid Metal MHD power generator : Effect of Magnetic field distribution on the generator performance." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2003 (2003): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2003.379.

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Damian, V., and D. Bica. "Assessment of the magnetic liquid surface deformation by the Soret effect." Magnetohydrodynamics 44, no. 2 (2008): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.44.2.5.

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Khripchenko, S., I. Kolesnichenko, and V. Dolgikh. "Pumping effect in a flat MHD channel with an electrovortex flow." Magnetohydrodynamics 44, no. 3 (2008): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.44.3.9.

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Koza, J. A., M. Uhlemann, A. Gebert, Ch Mickel, S. Baunack, and L. Schultz. "The effect of magnetic fields on the electrodeposition of CoFe alloys." Magnetohydrodynamics 45, no. 2 (2009): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.45.2.16.

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Rajashekar, M., and Biradar Kashinath. "Effect of Surface Roughness on MHD Couple Stress Squeeze-Film Characteristics between a Sphere and a Porous Plane Surface." Advances in Tribology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/935690.

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The combined effects of couple stress and surface roughness on the MHD squeeze-film lubrication between a sphere and a porous plane surface are analyzed, based upon the thin-film magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory. Using Stoke’s theory to account for the couple stresses due to the microstructure additives and the Christensen’s stochastic method developed for hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces derives the stochastic MHD Reynolds-type equation. The expressions for the mean MHD squeeze-film pressure, mean load-carrying capacity, and mean squeeze-film time are obtained. The results indicate that the couple stress fluid in the film region enhances the mean MHD squeeze-film pressure, load-carrying capacity, and squeeze-film time. The effect of roughness parameter is to increase (decrease) the load-carrying capacity and lengthen the response time for azimuthal (radial) roughness patterns as compared to the smooth case. Also, the effect of porous parameter is to decrease the load-carrying capacity and increase the squeeze-film time as compared to the solid case.

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Lewis, Michael I., Mario Fournier, Huiyuan Wang, Thomas W. Storer, Richard Casaburi, and Joel D. Kopple. "Effect of endurance and/or strength training on muscle fiber size, oxidative capacity, and capillarity in hemodialysis patients." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 8 (October 15, 2015): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01084.2014.

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We previously reported reduced limb muscle fiber succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and capillarity density and increased cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of all fiber types in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients compared with matched controls that may contribute to their effort intolerance and muscle weakness. This study evaluated whether endurance training (ET), strength training (ST), or their combination (EST) alters these metabolic and morphometric aberrations as a mechanism for functional improvement. Five groups were evaluated: 1) controls; 2) MHD/no training; 3) MHD/ET; 4) MHD/ST; and 5) MHD/EST. Training duration was 21.5 ± 0.7 wk. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained after HD at baseline and at study end. Muscle fibers were classified immunohistochemically, and fiber CSAs were computed. Individual fiber SDH activity was determined by a microdensitometric assay. Capillaries were identified using antibodies against endothelial cells. Type I and IIA fiber CSAs decreased significantly (10%) with EST. In the ET group, SDH activity increased 16.3% in type IIA and 19.6% in type IIX fibers. Capillary density increased significantly by 28% in the EST group and 14.3% with ET. The number of capillaries surrounding individual fiber type increased significantly in EST and ET groups. Capillary-to-fiber ratio increased significantly by 11 and 9.6% in EST and ET groups, respectively. We conclude that increments in capillarity and possibly SDH activity in part underlie improvements in endurance of MHD patients posttraining. We speculate that improved specific force and/or neural adaptations to exercise underlie improvements in limb muscle strength of MHD patients.

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Berton, Roland P. H. "Analytic model of a resistive magnetohydrodynamic shock without Hall effect." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 842 (March 7, 2018): 273–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.90.

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An analytic model of a stationary hypersonic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shock with an externally applied magnetic field is proposed. Basically, original jump conditions at a plane oblique shock, analogous to the Rankine–Hugoniot formulae, with a moderately resistive air plasma downstream are derived. Viscous, thermal and Hall effects are neglected, but the plasma dissociation behind the shock causing a jump of isentropic exponent is also a major input of the model. Then, a shock-fitting procedure with ambient atmospheric conditions is worked out by the coupling of these MHD jumps with thermodynamic correlations and an electric conductivity model. For an application to atmospheric entry problems, the flow behind an axisymmetric blunt-body shock is modelled with a stream function satisfying these MHD jump conditions as boundary conditions. An important feature put into evidence is a similarity rule involving the hypersonic parameter$M_{1}\cos \unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{1}$, which shows an aerodynamic correspondence between the upstream Mach number$M_{1}$and the velocity angle$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{1}$. It also emerges that curvature effects become important past$30^{\circ }$and the assumption of a spherical shock also becomes untenable past$50^{\circ }$; therefore, we limit the model of shock thickness used in the MHD fitting to$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{1}<50^{\circ }$.

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Mehta, Kahini, Ariel Hoadley, Lara A. Ray, Brian D. Kiluk, Kathleen M. Carroll, and Molly Magill. "Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions Targeting Alcohol or Other Drug Use and Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders: A Meta-Analysis." Alcohol and Alcoholism 56, no. 5 (March 29, 2021): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agab016.

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Abstract Aims This meta-analysis reviewed 15 clinical trials (18 study sites/arms), examining the efficacy of an integrated cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI) delivered to individuals with an alcohol or other drug use disorder and a co-occurring mental health disorder (AOD/MHD). Outcomes were alcohol or other drug use and mental health symptoms at post-treatment through follow-up. Methods The inverse-variance weighted effect size was calculated for each study and pooled under random effects assumptions. Results Integrated CBI showed a small effect size for AOD (g = 0.188, P = 0.061; I2 = 86%, τ2 = 0.126, k = 18) and MHD (g = 0.169, P = 0.024; I2 = 58%, τ2 = 0.052, k = 18) outcomes, although only MHD outcomes were statistically significant. Analysis by subgroup suggested that effect magnitude varied by type of contrast condition (integrated CBI + usual care vs. usual care only; integrated CBI vs. a single-disorder intervention), follow-up time point (post-treatment vs. 3–6 months) and primary AOD/MHD diagnosis, although these sub-groups often contained significant residual heterogeneity. In a series of mixed effects, meta-regression models, demographic factors were non-significant predictors of between-study heterogeneity. For AOD outcomes, greater effects were observed in higher quality studies, but study quality was not related to effect size variability for MHD outcomes. Conclusions The current meta-analysis shows a small and variable effect for integrated CBI with the most promising effect sizes observed for integrated CBI compared with a single disorder intervention (typically an AOD-only intervention) for follow-up outcomes, and for interventions targeting alcohol use and/or post-traumatic stress disorder. Given the clinical and methodological variability within the sample, results should be considered a preliminary, but important step forward in our understanding of treatment for co-occurring AOD/MHD.

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Denisov, S., V. Dolgikh, R. Khalilov, I. Kolesnichenko та S. Khripchenko. "Pumping effect in Y- and Ψ-shaped channels with Π-haped cores". Magnetohydrodynamics 48, № 1 (2012): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.48.1.22.

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Takeshita, Shinji, and Chainarong Buttapeng. "Acceleration Effect of Swirl Flow for Disk MHD Accelerator." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 130, no. 5 (2010): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.130.517.

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Chu, M. S., L. Chen, L. J. Zheng, C. Ren, and A. Bondeson. "Effect of rotation on ideal and resistive MHD modes." Nuclear Fusion 39, no. 11Y (November 1999): 2107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/11y/361.

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Dgisonis, V. I. "Variational Stability Problem for MHD Model with Hall Effect." Fusion Technology 35, no. 1T (January 1999): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst99-a11963845.

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Venkataramana, S., and D. Bathaiah. "Buoyancy Effect on MHD Flow Past a Permeable Bed." Defence Science Journal 36, no. 4 (January 21, 1986): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.36.5988.

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Li, Lai, Xi Lu, Guiping Zhu, Hulin Huang, and Xidong Zhang. "Effect of magnetic field configuration on Faraday MHD accelerator." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 431 (February 25, 2020): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/431/1/012040.

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Kabashima, S. "Effect of external fluctuation on nonequilibrium MHD power generation." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 16, no. 2 (April 1988): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.3832.

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Nakamura, Tadas K., and C. F. Kennel. "Effect of high-frequency magnetic fluctuations on MHD waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 52, no. 1 (August 1994): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800017761.

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We have shown earlier that compressional magnetic fluctuations modify the properties of MHD waves. The modifications can be large even when the fluctuation level is much smaller than the ambient magnetic field. There are two kinds of effects: resonant and non-resonant. The former is a result of the so- called parametric cyclotron resonance, and enables energy transfer from the wave to particle Larmor motion. This transfer causes the damping of waves even when their frequency is so small that ordinary cyclotron damping is negligible. The non-resonant effect does not cause energy exchange, but it does modify wave dispersion and causes mode coupling between the shear Alfvén mode and magnetosonic modes.

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Gérard-Varet, David, and Frédéric Rousset. "Shear layer solutions of incompressible MHD and dynamo effect." Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincare (C) Non Linear Analysis 24, no. 5 (September 2007): 677–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2006.04.005.

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Jayaraman, Lalitha, and G. Ramanaiah. "Effect of couple stresses on transient MHD poiseuille flow." Journal of Computational Physics 60, no. 3 (September 1985): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(85)90032-4.

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Wu, Zhaoyu, Mingsong Ding, Weizhong Dong, Tiesuo Gao, and Tao Jiang. "Effect of MHD Control on Turbulent Boundary Layer Separation Flow in Scramjet Inlet." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2381, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2381/1/012015.

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Abstract In order to study the effect of MHD control on the separation flow of turbulent boundary layer in the scramjet inlet based on the assumption of low magnetic Reynolds number, considering the source term of turbulent electromagnetic dissipation, the numerical simulation method is developed for electromagnetic field coupled with flow field. A Mach 4 plate is adopted as the basic configuration to assess the accuracy of the solver’s source term of turbulent electromagnetic dissipation. On this basis, numerical simulation of MHD control on the separation flow of boundary layer in scramjet inlet is carried out to study the influence of different electric field strengths and magnetic induction intensity on it. The results show that applying MHD local control alleviates the boundary layer separation in the scramjet inlet. Under different electric field strengths and magnetic induction intensity, the separation vortex’s scale significantly changes. The scale of the separation zone continues to decrease when the electric field strength or magnetic induction intensity increases, and the effect of MHD control is more significant.

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Diallo, Mbaye Fall. "Image perçue et attitude envers les marques de distributeur dans les pays émergents : quelle modération de l’association du magasin à une enseigne locale ou internationale ?" Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 35, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 58–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0767370120905497.

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Dans cette recherche, nous étudions les effets de l’image perçue du magasin et de l’image prix perçue des marques de distributeur (MDD) sur l’attitude envers les MDD dans deux pays émergents en fonction de l’association du magasin à une enseigne locale ou internationale. Nous examinons spécifiquement le rôle médiateur des clés négatives (risque perçu) et positives (valeur perçue) associées aux MDD. L’étude est basée sur un échantillon de 1027 réponses collectées au Brésil et au Vietnam. Les hypothèses sont testées à l’aide des modèles d’équations structurelles. Les résultats mettent en évidence un effet direct positif de l’image prix perçue des MDD sur l’attitude envers les MDD. L’image du magasin a un effet indirect sur l’attitude envers les MDD. Le risque perçu envers les MDD a un effet médiateur significatif sur les relations entre l’image du magasin, l’image prix perçue des MDD et l’attitude envers les MDD. En revanche, la valeur perçue des MDD ne médiatise pas ces relations. De plus, l’association du magasin à une enseigne locale ou internationale modère l’effet de l’image du magasin et de l’image prix perçue des MDD sur l’attitude envers les MDD.

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O'Donnell, Daniel P., Luke C. Schafer, Andrew C. Stevens, Elizabeth Weinstein, Charles M. Miramonti, and Mary Ann Kozak. "Effect of Introducing the Mucosal Atomization Device for Fentanyl Use in Out-of-Hospital Pediatric Trauma Patients." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 5 (May 24, 2013): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13003579.

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AbstractBackgroundPain associated with pediatric trauma is often under-assessed and under-treated in the out-of-hospital setting. Administering an opioid such as fentanyl via the intranasal route is a safe and efficacious alternative to traditional routes of analgesic delivery and could potentially improve pain management in pediatric trauma patients.ObjectiveThe study sought to examine the effect of introducing the mucosal atomization device (MAD) on analgesia administration as an alternative to intravenous fentanyl delivery in pediatric trauma patients. The hypothesis for the study is that the introduction of the MAD would increase the administration of fentanyl in pediatric trauma patients.MethodsThe research utilized a 2-group design (pre-MAD and post-MAD) to study 946 pediatric trauma patients (age <16) transported by a large, urban EMS agency to one of eight hospitals in Marion County, which is located in Indianapolis Indiana. Two emergency medicine physicians independently determined whether the patient met criteria for pain medication receipt and a third reviewer resolved any disagreements. A comparison of the rates of fentanyl administration in both groups was then conducted.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the rate of fentanyl administration between the pre-MAD (30.4%) and post-MAD groups (37.8%) (P = .238). A subgroup analysis showed that age and mechanism of injury were stronger predictors of fentanyl administration.ConclusionContrary to the hypothesis, the addition of the MAD device did not increase fentanyl administration rates in pediatric trauma patients. Future research is needed to address the barriers to analgesia administration in pediatric trauma patients.O'DonnellDP, SchaferLC, StevensAC, WeinsteinE, MiramontiCM, KozakMA. Effect of introducing the mucosal atomization device for fentanyl use in out-of-hospital pediatric trauma patients. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(4):1-3.

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Mehta, R. V., R. Patel, B. Chudasama, H. Desai, and R. V. Upadhyay. "Effect of dielectric and magnetic contrast on the photonic band gap in ferrodispersion." Magnetohydrodynamics 44, no. 1 (2008): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.44.1.10.

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