Дисертації з теми "Effet de flexion"
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Tout, Firas. "Étude expérimentale des éléments structuraux multi-matériaux collés sollicités en flexion : effet du fluage, fatigue et durabilité." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064338.
Повний текст джерелаPialasse, Jean-Philippe. "Effet de l'ajout d'une contrainte de charge et de vitesse sur le phénomène de flexion relaxation cervical." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1325/1/030145873.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDenis, Vivien. "Amortissement vibratoire de poutre par effet Trou Noir Acoustique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1011/document.
Повний текст джерелаVibration damping of mechanical structures plays an important role in the design of many industrial systems. Classical methods for reducing vibrations using viscoelastic layers glued to the structure usually result in added mass on the treated structure, which may be prohibitive in the transportation industry for ecological and economical reasons. The "Acoustic Black Hole" (ABH) effect is a lightweight passive vibration technique: the flexural waves propagating in a beam extremity tapered with a power law profile are efficiently dissipated if an absorbing layer is placed where the thickness is minimum.A preliminary study experimentally confirms the potential of ABH as an efficient strategy for vibration damping: a modal analysis shows that the ABH significantly increases the Modal Overlap Factor (MOF) of the beam, thus reducing the resonant behaviour of the structure. An analysis based on a wave approach clearly shows that the reflection coefficient of an ABH termination has small values. Further investigations, including a two dimensional numerical model of the structure developed in order to understand its behaviour, show that the increase of MOF can be explained partly by an increase of the modal density and mostly by a high damping of a number of modes of the structure due to energy localisation in the tapered region. It is shown that the ABH beam possesses two-dimensional local modes. A waveguide model of an ABH termination with tip imperfection, which cannot be avoided in practice, shows that incident energy is scattered on local modes and that imperfections enhance the damping effect
Mogenier, Guillaume. "Identification et prévision du comportement dynamique des rotors feuilletés en flexion." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743720.
Повний текст джерелаZouari, Sahar. "Bandes interdites d’ondes de flexion dans une méta-plaque composite : effet de finitude de la structure et des dispersions de fabrication." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe vibration attenuation characteristics of a metamaterial plate were investigated theoretically and experimentally with a 2-dimensional periodic array of resonators (mass-beam) attached to a thin homogeneous plate.The sensitivity analysis of the band gap frequency range took into account the uncertainties of all the design parameters of the metamaterial plate. The theoretical approach used the finite element method (FEM) to compare the predicted band gaps with those derived from infinite and finite models of the metamaterial.An original automatic method is proposed to detect the frequency ranges of band gaps in finite metamaterial based on the behavior of the corresponding bare plate. Directional plane wave excitation and point force excitation were applied to evaluate the efficiency of the detection method. The results of these analyses were compared with experimental measurements. Frequency ranges of experimental vibration attenuation are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted complete and directional band gaps.These theoretical and experimental methods are then applied to SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) composite plates with periodic perforations. Tests with unidirectional excitation and point force excitation are performed. The influence of each type of excitation on the vibratory response of the plates is analyzed in order to demonstrate the detectability of the bands gaps.Finally, the robustness of the band gap to the variations of the periodic lattice is validated following an integration of perturbations: addition of local mass on half of the unit cells according to a periodic or random positions
Zhu, Wenjun. "Effet de la corrosion sur les propriétés mécaniques de l'armature corrodée et la performance structurale résiduelle des poutres corrodées." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis aims to study the influence of chloride corrosion on the mechanical properties ofthe reinforcement and RC beams. The experiments were based on two corroded beams named B2Cl2 and B2Cl3, with a corroded age of 26 years and 28 years respectively. Two noncorroded beams B2T2 and B2T3 which were cast in the same condition and same time were also tested in order to make clear the corrosion effect.The mechanical properties of the corroded reinforcement were investigated by the tensiontests. The yield strength and ultimate strength were studied based on the residual gravimetrical cross-section. The results found that the impact of corrosion on the ductility was more significant than that of the strength. The shape of residual cross-section was considered to be in deep relationships with the ductility of the reinforcement.The flexural performances of the beams were studied. The results showed that the corrosion deteriorated the capacity and the ductility of the corroded beams. The corrosion degree of reinforcement was found in linear with the residual yield capacity of the corroded beams.The short-span beams were formed from the corroded beams after bending tests. Mechanical tests were carried out directly to check the response of the corroded beams. The corroded short-span beams failed in bending mode with good ductility while the non-corroded beams performed a brittle shear failure mode, which showed that the corrosion of reinforcement could change the failure modes.The corrosion products were collected from the corroded reinforcement of B2Cl3. XRD andTG experiments were conducted so as to identify the composition of the corrosion products.The expansive coefficient of the corrosion products was deduced, which could be helpful forthe further research on the cracking mechanism of the concrete cover
Hun, Manitou. "Influence de l'eau sur le décollement d'une interface par flexion d'un bicouche de chaussée urbaine." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777011.
Повний текст джерелаMorisse, Steven. "Effet du greffage de TiO2 à la surface de fibres de lin sur les propriétés mécaniques d'un composite PLA/fibre de lin longues unidirectionnelles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8934.
Повний текст джерелаFritih, Youcef. "Apport d’un renfort de fibres sur le comportement d’éléments en béton autoplaçant armé." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000336/.
Повний текст джерелаDespite Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (FRSCC) offers economic and technical benefits in building applications, few studies have been undertaken on this material which is actually not much used, except for some precast elements (sheet piles, tunnel segments. . . ). The object of this thesis is to expand the potential of application of this concrete at structural elements more common, particularly the flexural postcracking response of reinforced concrete beams. In this case, can reinforcement fibre take a part of the tensile stress due to shear ? If yes, the partial or total substitution of transverse reinforcement is for studying. An experimental program was conducted to provide answers to the various questions raised about the use of fibres in the crack opening and the transfer tensile stress near crack. Analysis of experimental results illustrates the double effect of the fibre-reinforcement which controls cracking and maintains a tensile stress transfer near crack. In structural element, cracking is strongly influenced by fibre-reinforcement: the number of cracks is increased and in return it results in reduced crack opening a trend expected to improve the durability of the application according to Eurocode 2 [EN 1992-1-1 2004]. The shear performance of the steel FR-SCC beams demonstrated the potential for steel fibers to be used to satisfy the minimum shear reinforcement criteria. However, the effect of fibre reinforcement on the shear behaviour in failure is limited because of a low volume of fibres. Moreover these fibres are not efficient for crack opening above 200 microns
Bouksim, Lhoussaïne. "Amorçage des fissures de fatigue sous spectre de charge dans un alliage d’aluminium à fond d’entaille et sur des barreaux lisses." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPS127.
Повний текст джерелаNovelli, Marc. "Étude des microstructures de déformation induites par grenaillage ultrasonique en conditions cryogéniques d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques : effet sur les propriétés en fatigue." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0239/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe surface of mechanical components is a sensitive zone subjected to particular mechanical (friction, maximum stress) and chemical (ambient atmosphere, corrosion) interactions. Hence, the rupture is generally initiated on the surface. In order to increase the global integrity of the working parts, the industrial groups are still seeking technological solutions allowing the modifications of the surface properties. Nodaway, plenty of surface modification techniques have been developed like the mechanical surface treatments. Among them, the ultrasonic shot peening (or surface mechanical attrition treatment) focus on superficially deform the mechanical parts through numerous collisions of peening medias having random trajectories inside a confined chamber. The purpose of this study is based on the analysis and the comprehension of the deformed microstructures induced by the ultrasonic shot peening treatment, especially under cryogenic temperatures. To do so, several austenitic stainless steel grades having different stabilities regarding the martensitic transformation have been treated under cryogenic conditions and compared to the properties obtained under room temperature. The first observations have shown that, after a cryogenic peening, a decrease of the subsurface hardness takes place in the stable 310S alloy which was attributed to an increase of the mechanical properties under cryogenic temperature. This phenomenon is suppressed in the metastable 304L by triggering a martensitic phase transformation promoted under low temperature and happening deeper compared to room temperature, increasing substantially the subsurface hardness. Two metastable alloys (304L and 316L) were then selected to conduct an ultrasonic shot peening parametric study including the vibration amplitude (40 and 60 µm), the treatment duration (3 and 20 min) and temperature (room temperature, -80 and -130 °C). It has been shown that increasing the treatment energy by raising the vibration amplitude and/or the duration leads to an increase of the surface and subsurface hardnesses as well as the affected layer thickness. The use of cryogenic temperatures allows an additional increase of the hardness, especially in subsurface. By comparing the different hardness gradients with the martensite distributions along the hardened layers, a direct correlation with the hardening rate and the martensite fraction was observed. The initial stability of the treated material was also taken in account by carried out additional observations on the 316L having a higher stability. The results have indicated that the deformation temperature needs to be wisely chosen regarding the stability of the processed material in order to avoid a decrease of the subsurface hardness. Finally, the deformed microstructures generated under cryogenic ultrasonic shot peening were associated to the mechanical behaviors of cylindrical specimens using rotating bending fatigue tests. Compared to a room temperature treatment, a cryogenic peening allows a decrease of the surface roughness and the generation of higher surface compressive residual stresses by the formation of martensite. However, compared to a room temperature treatment, the fatigue behavior was not increased after a cryogenic peening because of a more pronounced surface residual stress relaxation and a reduction of the affected layer. However, the potential increase of the fatigue life after a cryogenic surface deformation was depicted by the study of the rupture surfaces. It was observed that, if the involvement of the surface defects introduced by the high surface roughness can be lowered, a single subsurface crack initiation can be produced increasing considerably the fatigue behavior of the processed material
Le, Ber Simon. "Matrices nanostructurées obtenues par voies liquides : application aux composites à matrice céramique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14323/document.
Повний текст джерелаA new CMC manufacturing process has been developped ; the active filler technique is used in order to obtain a low cost composite. Active fillers must react under nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature below 1100°C so that the Nicalon fiber reinforcement is not damaged. Two active fillers meeting these criteria and offering an interesting volume expansion have been identified : AlB2 et TiSi2.The planetary milling of these fillers has been explored in order to assess the influence of microstructure refinement on properties. Powders with high specific surface areas and of granulometry close to the nanometric scale were obtained. The nitridation of the active fillers was examined and a size effect on TiSi2 reactivity was displayed.Milled powders were used in colloidal suspensions in order to be impregnated in preforms. Samples were subsequently nitrided at 1100°C ; this step was crucial for matrix cohesion. A PIP cycle was eventually performed in order to reduce residual porosity.The oxydation behaviour of materials was studied in conditions corresponding to the considered aeronautics application. Mechanical properties of composites were estimated by 3 point bending tests. Combining the use of TiSi2 and of a polysiloxane enabled to obtain a composite whose maximum bending stress was remarkable considering the limited number of steps required for its processing
Redjel, Bachir. "Mécanique et mécanismes de rupture dans les matériaux composites SMC (Sheet Molding Compound)." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD067.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Yanfeng. "Étude des effets des changements de trajet en emboutissage." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE001.
Повний текст джерелаIn sheet metal forming process, the material usually undergoes large deformations, complex loading histories and its mechanical behavior can be modeled by constitutive equations. Despite the great efforts paid to develop advanced hardening models considering the Bauschinger effect, the reliability and applicability of the developed hardening models still needs to be investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. In the first part, based on the developed hardening models, some classical and advanced models are selected are implemented by using Euler explicit implementation method. After that, the developed numerical instruments in current work are applied to investigate the prediction of the yield surface evolution, which show that some apparent violation of the normality condition can be simulated using models based on associated plasticity. The second part mainly focuses on characterizing and discriminating for selecting material models. Firstly some characterizations tests including complex loading path are performed to identify material parameters and bending-under-tension discriminant test is built to investing springback behavior that can sort out the best model
Mekideche, Abdeslam. "Effet mémoire de forme et plasticité de transformation dûs à la transition C. F. C. ↔T. F. C. D'alliages Mn Cu riches en Mn." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19016.
Повний текст джерелаBlench, Michael Anthony. "The effect of wearing work boots on lumbar spine flexion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ32529.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Bo. "Numerical investigation of restricted curved waterways on ship hydrodynamics for maneuverability considerations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2735.
Повний текст джерелаInland waterway transport is now playing a significant role thanks to its various advantages over the other transportation modes, for example, low cost, low environmental pollution, and large capacity, etc. However, inland waterways are not only naturally curved but also narrow and shallow, which causes complex flow environments and navigational conditions. Inland ships are consequently susceptible to accidents in restricted curved waterways. Especially during these years, this mode of transport has seen significant progress by the arrival of the new generation of ships (larger size and more powerful), and this makes ships’ maneuverability in such sensitive waters severer. To conduct this investigation, the CFD model based on an unsteady Navier-Stokes solver in STARCCM+ is used. The verification and validation of this model are realized by respecting the ITTC recommendations. The latter is then used to perform a series of simulations by testing the following key parameters: a series of navigational environmental parameters, including channel angle, channel bottom width, channel slope angle; a set of parameters related to ship behaviors and geometry, containing water depth to draft ratio, ship speed, drift angle and ship type (ship length) on ship hydrodynamics in restricted curved fairways. Relative frame motions are applied to the computational domains to produce centrifugal force in bending fairways. The aim of the present thesis is firstly to characterize the variables connected to a circular channel's topology that have a substantial impact on a ship's maneuverability. Second, it helps to well understand the flow behaviors that occur around a ship in bending zones. Thirdly, the fluctuations in hydrodynamic force (bank cushion and suction phenomena) and the sensitivity of a number of variables in bending zones are investigated. Finally, the inland ship simulator is improved by adding the bending zone effect for pilots, so that the behaviors of ships in the sensitive regions can thus be corrected
Simoneau, Emilie. "Effets du vieillissement et de l'entrainement en force sur la production de moment en flexion plantaire et en dorsi-flexion." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS041.
Повний текст джерелаThe primary goal of this manuscript is to investigate the effects of aging and also of strength-training on agonist and antagonist muscles responsible for the torque generation at the ankle joint, in plantar-flexion (PF) and dorsi-flexion (DF). The main findings show that i) the age-related decline in the maximal torque seems to be of an earlier onset in PF than in DF; ii) the maximal torque-angle relationship appears to be especially explained by neural parameters in DF and by muscular parameters in PF; iii) for any assessment, measurements at one ankle joint angle are enough; iv) a long-term strength-training program of the PF muscles in old age is very effective in increasing strength in PF, with late muscular adaptations; v) the isometric maximal performance of the agonist muscles in DF and PF is, in fine, similarly affected with aging
Canyock, John David. "The effect of three positions of shoulder flexion on grip strength." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2032.
Повний текст джерелаLalanne, Kim. "Effets de la manipulation vertébrale sur le phénomène de flexion-relaxation lombaire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1336/1/030081836.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKnight, Elizabeth Johnson. "The Effect of Head Flexion/extension on Acoustic Measures of Singing Voice Quality." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500127/.
Повний текст джерелаCroizet, Didier. "Etude experimentale et numérique du comportement à haute température d'un nitrure de silicium." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0516.
Повний текст джерелаFuruya, Makiko. "Effect of the angle of shoulder flexion on the reach trajectory of children with spastic cerebral palsy." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199221.
Повний текст джерелаCheikh, Saad Bouh Ahmed Bouha. "Evaluation des performances de divers éléments finis et des effets d'anisotropie pour les plaques composites en flexion." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10094.
Повний текст джерелаDelehelle, Adão Nogarède Bertrand. "Étude d'un concept innovant d'actionneur électromécanique linéaire à effets magnétique et piézoélectrique en vue d'applications dans le domaine des commandes de vol." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000688.
Повний текст джерелаVignolles, Pascal. "Effets de la vitesse et de la durée de charge sur la résistance en flexion du pin maritime." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10609.
Повний текст джерелаAmell, Tyler K. "The effect of axis placement on measurement of peak moment during isokinetic flexion and extension in the lumbar spine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22267.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDelehelle, Adão. "Étude d'un concept innovant d'actionneur électromécanique linéaire à effets magnétique et piézoélectrique en vue d'applications dans le domaine des commandes de vol." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000688/.
Повний текст джерелаThe generalisation of electromechanical actuators in the on-board systems (fly by wire systems, electric brakes) requires the development of new technologies in order to provide better performances or functionalities. In this context, the present thesis aims to study an innovating solution of an electromechanical linear actuator with high density of force. This solution combines magnetic and piezoelectric effects to drive a mobile load by contact. From theoretical considerations of each elementary functions of the actuator (blocking and drive), a simple architecture is proposed. A structure of amplification with flexible hinges is also studied, dimensioned and integrated within the actuator. Thanks to a specific strategy of power supply, a demonstrator of a direct magneto-piezoelectric linear actuator, working in quasi-static mode, is then characterised in experiments
Belguith, Rami. "Effets du comportement de la machine et des paramètres d'usinage sur la topographie des surfaces obtenues par fraisage à grande vitesse avec des fraises à bout sphérique monoblocs." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0127.
Повний текст джерелаThe optimization of the cutting parameters in high-speed machining requires the consideration of the machining errors in the modeling of the cutting forces and the surface topography. Therefore, the present study deals with the analysis of the effect of cutting parameters and machining errors on the surface topography of milled surfaces with a ball-end mill. The tool geometry was modeled taking into account all the machining errors such as runout, bending, vibrations and wear. Then, the Cutter Workpiece Engagement region 'CWE ', the cutting width and the uncut chip thickness were modeled taking into account the trace of the previous tooth. Subsequently, thermomechanical modeling of cutting forces in the milling process with a ball-end tool is made considering these errors. Finally, an analysis of the topography according to all these parameters and machining errors was carried out based on experimental validation
CARRIER, TANGHE FREDERIQUE. "Influence des effets secondaires sur le comportement des poutres composites sollicitees en flexion et en torsion dans le domaine quasi-statique." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30219.
Повний текст джерелаSlepian, Peter Maxwell. "The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex on Emotional Modulation of Pain and Nociception." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1562019976550469.
Повний текст джерелаBergh, Alison. "The effect of passive thoracic flexion-rotation movement on the total static compliance of the respiratory system and respiratory responses in ventilated patients." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/408.
Повний текст джерелаHarvey, Marie-Pierre. "Quantification des effets de la manipulation vertébrale et de leur persistance sur le phénomène de flexion-relaxation chez des personnes atteintes de lombalgie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7361/1/030673965.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAblack, David. "The effect of selected rest intervals on total work volume and blood lactate levels during high intensity elbow flexion exercise at a fixed relative resistance." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5969.
Повний текст джерелаLizu, Afruna. "Effect of the biceps Brachii tendon on elbow flexor force steadiness in men and women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55635.
Повний текст джерелаGraduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate
Braulick, Kyle William. "The Effect of 5% Hypohydration on Muscle Cramp Threshold Frequency." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26557.
Повний текст джерелаNiez, Benjamin. "Acclimatation de l'arbre aux flexions répétées et conséquences sur le comportement mécanique et les propriétés hydrauliques du bois vert : Biologie végétale." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC046/document.
Повний текст джерелаTrees, anchored in the ground, adjust their development to their fluctuating environment and particularly to the mechanical conditions daily imposed by wind. Storms of last decades enlightened that acclimation of trees to mechanical stresses due to wind is a vital requirement for their long-term survival. Wind mainly leads to repeated bending of the branches and stems of trees that swing during windy events. These bending cause a modulation of trees growth in height, in diameter or at the level of the root system but also imply the formation of a wood with specific anatomy and properties; this wood was defined as “Flexure wood”. In our work, we developed original experimental setups in order to apply a treatment of repeated unidirectional bending to the stem of young poplars, while controlling the magnitude of the strains applied to the stem. The setup controlled different levels of hydric stress too. The monitoring of the growth during a growing season showed that the mechanical acclimation is a process that, although costly in terms of biomass construction, turns out to be essential and takes place even under severe hydric stress. Besides, we demonstrated that the increase of biomass, linked to this acclimation, is mainly provided in the areas where tissue strains are the highest; leading to specific cross-section geometries that considerably increase the stem bending rigidity. A mechanical modelling using Finite Elements also enlightens that these configurations, due to acclimation, lead to a better distribution of mechanical stresses, especially by decreasing the intensity of maximal compressive stresses endured by wood. In order to investigate the microscopic scale, original experimental devices were developed at the tissue scale to measure the effect of different mechanical stresses (repeated compression and/or tension), applied by stem bending, on the hydraulic and mechanical properties of green wood; as much in terms of usual properties (elastic behaviour, hydraulic conduction) as in terms of security functions (rupture, sensibility to cavitation, …). Thus, we enlighten the specific behaviour of wood formed under repeated compressive stresses that shows a significant increase of its ability to withstand high levels of strains with a very reduced damaging. The whole experimental and modelling results, as much at the tissue scale as at the tree scale, points out that the acclimations of secondary growth and wood properties provide a mechanical benefit for tree sustainability in its fluctuating windy environment
Hussein, Tarek. "Influence de la pression temporelle sur la coordination motrice lors d’une tâche simultanée de flexion rapide de la cuisse et d’extension de l’index en posture debout : effets de l’avancée en âge et d’une charge additionnelle." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA113002.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aimed to investigate the adaptive postural and motor strategies developed by young and elderly healthy subjects during a complex task involving the whole body when facing a temporal pressure constraint. The motor task chosen was a simultaneous rapid leg flexion paired with ipsilateral finger index extension. Results of the first study showed that the mode of triggering of movement modifies the postural organization of the leg flexion. The APA duration associated with leg flexion was shorter in the reaction-time (RT, high temporal pressure) condition as compared to the self-initiated (SI, low temporal pressure) condition. This APA shortening was compensated by an increase of APA amplitude so that the mediolateral (ML) stability and the motor performance were both unchanged. Results of the second study showed that elderly subjects were unable to compensate this APA shortening by an increase of anticipatory ML centre-of-pressure displacement. Dynamic stability at foot-off was degraded in this population, with a consequent increased risk of ML imbalance and falling. Besides, the effect of temporal pressure on motor synchronization was not affected by ageing. Of particular importance, the synchronization error was greater in elderly than in young subjects, but in the SI condition only. Finally, the third study showed that transitory changes in the mechanical properties of the lower limbs (by ankle loading) affect the order of movement synchronization, but in the RT condition only. With ankle loading, subjects thus switched from a “reactive” to a “predictive” mode of synchronization allowing then to maintain an optimal synchronization. In contrast, ankle loading did not modify the mode of control of the APA. Therefore, it seems that the mode of control of APA and of movement synchronization can be decorrelated according to the biomechanical constraints. These results provide novel insights into the capacity of the CNS to modulate motor synchronization and APA spatio-temporal features to ensure optimal motor coordination and dynamic stability across ages
Skelly, Donna Lynne. "Sub-clinical Neck Symptoms, Disability, Posture, and Muscle Function in Computer Users, and the Effect of Education versus Education and Deep Cervical Flexor Exercise." Diss., NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/54.
Повний текст джерелаMercier, Charlotte. "Développement d’un modèle de stabilité des barres à section tubulaire comprimées fléchies sensibles aux effets du second ordre." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0113/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is part of an effort to improve knowledge of the instabilities of beam-columns sensitive to second-order effects. The works deal with the means to take into account the initial imperfections in the structural analysis and to adapt the current verification criteria for tubular section structures, such as scaffold structures. The existing formulations, proposed in the literature and calculation codes, are often based on hypotheses, and thus lead to inconsistencies between, on the one hand, the verification criteria in section, and on the other hand, the verification criteria in instability. The developed approach takes into account the interaction between section resistance and instability phenomena, and includes the influence of initial imperfections (initial defect of aplomb, lack of straightness, residual stresses). As far as possible, these effects will be decoupled. As such, a method has been developed to allow the definition of initial imperfections of a structure, to be as accurate as possible. This method, based on the definition of a single imperfection, identical in appearance to the shape of the predominant critical buckling mode, is a precise, fully defined method to take into account the geometric characteristics, intrinsic mechanical characteristics, limits and the form of loading, in the definition of the initial imperfections of a structure. A test campaign was carried out in collaboration with the French Syndicate of Scaffolding, Formwork and Shoring (SFECE), aiming to analyze the experimental behavior of buckling of cold-formed tubular sections. Nine buckling tests on scaffold ladders, from various European suppliers, have been carried out. A statistical study of the experimental results has made it possible to highlight that the imperfection factor currently defined for the cold-formed tubular sections is far too penalizing for the sections used in the field of scaffolds. In order to respond to the problem, new instability criteria have also been established using a similar approach to that of Ayrton-Perry. These new criteria make it possible to free ourselves from the modeling of initial imperfections while offering a safe and accurate estimate of the stress factor of a structure. A comparative study was conducted in order to ensure the safety of the proposed formulations as regards the section verification criteria of the NF EN 1993-1-1 current standard
Coulon, Arnaud. "Injection des polyamides renforcés de fibres de verre longues : relations mise en oeuvre/comportement thermomécanique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10163/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this project was to optimise the material-process couple in the case of long glass fibre reinforced polyamides, so as to comply with industrial requirements of mechanicai and thermo-mechanical performance, The fibre segregation mechanisms occurring during the filling stage of the mould, which govern the local heterogeneities, have been first studied on a prototype part having a shape typical of industrial parts. A second part has focused on the flexural behavioul The modulus and maximal flexural stress have been estimated from structural models based on the multilayer morphological description (local fibre content, residual fibre lengths, fibre orientations...) of the composites. The results have been validated on an industrial part. Finally, the creep behaviour at high lemperature has been experimentally determined and then modelled (Findley's model). The need to take into account the thermal aging of the matrix in order to correct the load level during the loading time has also been pointed out
Eastman, Carie Suzanne. "Effect of High-Speed Treadmill Training with a Body Weight Support System in a Sport Acceleration Program." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2739.
Повний текст джерелаRoignant, Jeanne. "Biologie de développement du bois en réponse à des sollicitations mécaniques environnementales." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC032/document.
Повний текст джерелаTrees have the ability to perceive daily mechanical stresses related to wind and to acclimate their growth and development accordingly. Wind essentially results in organs bending, in particular in branches and stem. Previous studies have shown that growth diameter of poplar stem increased in response to bending; mimicking wind mechanical effect. This growth increment goes along with a change in the structure of the wood formed under bending stimulation. This type of reaction wood has been described for some conifers and angiosperms species, and was called "flexure wood". Until now, its anatomical characteristics have been poorly described, and the molecular actors of its formation have never been investigated. In addition, in most of these previous studies the mechanical stresses applied to the stem were bidirectional bendings with an uncontrolled intensity. Because mechanical strains constitute the physical variable perceived by the plant, it appeared necessary to carefully control the bending amplitude applied to the stem. Thanks to an original experimental setup, we applied unidirectional bendings on young poplar stems, while controlling its intensity. This study showed that the strains are perceived at a local scale and that the secondary growth response was also local, leading to stem ovalization. We also distinguished the wood formed under tension we named “Tensile Flexure Wood” from the wood formed under compression we named “Compressive Flexure Wood”. The anatomical and molecular analyzes show that the strain intensity in absolute value is not enough to explain all the answers and that the sign (tension or compression) of these strains also plays a role. In trees stimulated by more frequent unidirectional bendings, growth and cell differentiation are modulated even differently, especially in the area under compression, bringing to the stem an adaptive benefit to the following solicitations. The CLE12.2 gene, which belongs to the CLAVATA gene family involved in meristematic regulation, has been shown to be mechanosensitive. Functional analysis of the CLE12.2 gene in transgenic plants with under- or overexpression of the gene allowed us to hypothesize that the CLE12.2 peptide is involved in the regulation of the cell-wall biosynthesis pathways. This work highlighted the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in wood formation and brings new knowledge for further studies on trees acclimation to wind
Carton, Louise. "Mechanical properties of thin silicon wafers for photovoltaic applications : Influence of material quality and sawing process." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI107.
Повний текст джерелаThe crystalline silicon wafer is the key component of the solar cell and accounts for a significant portion of the total photovoltaic (PV) module cost. Reducing wafer thickness is therefore a privileged pathway to decrease solar energy production costs. Maintaining low breakage rates when processing such thin samples remains however challenging. In this context, it is essential to improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for wafer embrittlement and failure. This work investigates the mechanical properties of silicon wafers obtained using diamond wire sawing. We developed a mechanical characterization methodology suited for these thin, brittle samples, combining destructive tests with 4-line bending, biaxial bending and dynamic impacts. In parallel, finite element simulations were implemented to better understand the underlying phenomena. Tests performed on as-cut, chemically etched and annealed samples revealed that the most critical damage regarding mechanical failure is located within a thin subsurface layer (less than 3 µm), which properties are controlled by the sawing step. Through an extensive characterization campaign on wafers with different thicknesses (from 180 to 100 µm), we demonstrated that thinner samples exhibit an increased bending flexibility without alteration of their intrinsic mechanical strength, accompanied however by a higher risk of failure following an impact. Finally, we highlighted that the presence of structural defects in multicrystalline and mono-like silicon is indirectly responsible for the lower fracture strength of the wafers: the increased suffering of the diamond wire when cutting through these defects generates indeed deeper microcracks
Pham, Duc Toan. "Analyse par le calcul à la rupture de la stabilité au feu des panneaux en béton armé de grandes dimensions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1073/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this contribution, an original and comprehensive method aimed at designing vertical concrete walls submitted to fire loadings, is proposed and developed, with a special emphasis on high rise panels used in industrial buildings. Indeed, when subjected to high thermal gradients, such slender structures exhibit quite significant out-of-plane movements, resulting in an eccentricity of the gravity loads and thus to bending moments in addition to the pre-existing compressive forces. It is such a change of geometry, which is all the more pronounced as the panel is tall, combined with a temperature-induced degradation of the constituent materials strength properties, which may explain why an overall collapse of the structure may occur, well prior to buckling instability. The proposed approach is fundamentally based on the theory of yield design. This theory is first applied to the determination of an interaction diagram, characterizing the fire resistance of a reinforced concrete panel cross-section. It is then implemented as a design method for analysing the stability of the panel in its previously calculated deformed configuration. The whole procedure is explained in full details in the simplified situation when the high rise panel can be modeled as a one-dimensional beam, leading to the exact determination of a dimensionless factor characterizing the stability of the panel. The method is then extended to deal with a more realistic, but somewhat more complex, configuration of a rectangular panel. Some preliminary results, which need to be further validated in a subsequent work, are finally produced. As a necessary complement to the mostly theoretical and computational approach presented in this work, a series of four-point bending tests has been performed on reduced scale slabs placed in a furnace. The results of these tests partially validate the predicted interaction diagram of a fire loaded panel section
Este, Alexia. "Modélisation de l’endommagement d’un composite 3D carbone/carbone : comportement à température ambiante." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0006/document.
Повний текст джерела3D C/C composites are commonly employed in aerospace industry due to their outstandingmechanical properties at high temperatures. In order to ensure the integrity of structures,knowledge of the composite mechanical behaviour and fracture mechanisms is crucial.For this purpose, damage modeling of a 3D C/C composite, at room temperature, isproposed in which a meso-scale approach is considered. At this description scale, 3D C/Ccomposites are made of two materials : carbon fibers yarns and carbon matrix. Each materialbehavior is modeled by an elastic damage law (isotropic for matrix, orthotropic for yarns)with a limited number of parameters.The parameters identification process is based on experimentaldata obtained from previous work and from an experimental campaign carried outthrough this thesis work. This campaign aimed to a greater understanding of the materialmechanical behavior at mesoscopic scale. Furthermore, experimental tests were carried outto validate the composite modeling. It is shown that experimental reponses obtained fromfour-point and three-point bending tests are particularly well described from the proposedmesoscopic model
Pessôa, José Renato de Castro. "Análise numérico-experimental de estruturas de concreto com utilização da energia de fraturamento." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=780.
Повний текст джерелаA evolução dos concretos utilizados nas últimas décadas deu origem ao Concreto de Alto Desempenho (CAD), que tem, entre suas características, alta resistência à compressão e baixa permeabilidade. Com o desenvolvimento dos produtos químicos utilizados na construção civil, em especial os superplastificantes e superfluidificantes, a utilização desse tipo de concreto tornou-se cada vez mais freqüente pela possibilidade de se obter uma mistura suficientemente trabalhável utilizando-se fatores água/cimento menores do que 0,35. Devido à sua microestrutura mais homogênea, esse tipo de concreto apresenta um comportamento mais frágil do que os concretos convencionais, exigindo uma melhor caracterização do material. A partir do final da década de 70 começou-se a aplicar os conceitos da Mecânica da Fratura para análise do comportamento de estruturas construídas com esse tipo de concreto. Como em algumas situações a resistência nominal de peças de concreto diminui com o aumento de suas dimensões, houve a necessidade de se considerar o efeito de escala das estruturas a fim de se obter níveis de segurança mais adequados no seu dimensionamento, o que justificou a utilização da Mecânica da Fratura. Neste trabalho a energia de fraturamento foi obtida experimentalmente pelo método do trabalho de fraturamento e pelo método do efeito de escala, por meio de ensaios estáveis de flexão de três pontos em amostras de concreto de alto desempenho com entalhe. Foi também desenvolvida a simulação numérica de uma viga com entalhe, analisada pelo método dos elementos finitos e empregando-se na modelagem constitutiva os conceitos da Mecânica da Fratura aplicada ao concreto. As vigas foram moldadas e ensaiadas no Instituto Politécnico do Rio de Janeiro (IPRJ) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) na cidade de Nova Friburgo. Os ensaios foram realizados com controle de deslocamento da célula de carga. Foram ensaiadas três séries de 12 vigas, com quatro dimensões diferentes, geometricamente proporcionais, e três amostras para cada dimensão, totalizando 36 vigas. As alturas utilizadas para as vigas foram 38, 76, 152 e 304 mm, e sua espessura foi mantida constante igual a 38 mm. Os corpos de prova cilíndricos, para caracterização da resistência à compressão do concreto, foram moldados no IPRJ e rompidos no laboratório de engenharia civil da UERJ, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os concretos utilizados apresentaram resistência à compressão média de 70 MPa.
The evolution of the concrete mixes used during the last decades gave birth to the High Performance Concrete (HPC), which, among its main characteristics, presents high strength and low permeability. With the development of chemical products used in civil engineering constructions, mainly the superplasticizers, the use of this kind of concrete has become more and more frequent due to the possibility of obtaining a workable mixture with a water/cement ratio lower than 0.35. Due to its more homogeneous microstructure, the HPC presents a more fragile behavior than the conventional concrete, demanding a better characterization of the material. At the end of the 1970s, concepts of the Fracture Mechanics started to be used for the analysis of the structural behavior of concrete structures. As the nominal stress of the material decreases as the size of the structure increases, it became necessary to consider this size effect in the analysis in order to obtain more suitable levels of security. This fact justifies the use of the Fracture Mechanics in the structural analysis of concrete structures. In this work, the fracture energy was experimentally obtained using the work-offracture method and the size effect method by performing three-point bend tests in HPC notched beams. It was also developed a numerical simulation of the tests, performing the analysis through the Finite Element Method and applying the concepts of the Fracture Mechanics of Concrete into the constitutive model. The notched beams were molded and tested at the Polytechnic Institute of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (IPRJ/UERJ), located in the city of Nova Friburgo. The tests were controlled by the vertical displacement of the load cell. Three series of twelve beams with four geometrically similar sizes were tested. Three samples for each size were cast, making an amount of 36 beams. The beams were 38, 76, 152 and 304 millimeters high and the width was kept constant equal to 38 millimeters. To characterize the concrete compression strength, 100x200 millimeters cylinders were molded at the IPRJ and tested at the UERJ civil engineering laboratory in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The tested concretes presented a medium compressive strength of 70 MPa.
Salvo, Maxime. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement mécanique du combustible UO2 en compression à haute température et forte vitesse de sollicitation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4771/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to characterize and model the mechanical behavior of uranium dioxide (UO2) during a Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA). The fuel loading during a RIA is characterized by high strain rates (up to 1 /s) and high temperatures (1000°C - 2500°C). Two types of UO2 pellets (commercial and high density) were therefore tested in compression with prescribed displacement rates (0.1 to 100 mm / min corresponding to strain rates of 10-4 - 10-1 /s) and temperatures (1100°C - 1350°C - 1550°C et 1700°C). Experimental results (geometry, yield stress and microstructure) allowed us to define a hyperbolic sine creep law and a Drucker-Prager criterion with associated plasticity, in order to model grain boundaries fragmentation at the macroscopic scale. Finite Element Simulations of these tests and of more than 200 creep tests were used to assess the model response to a wide range of temperatures (1100°C - 1700°C) and strain rates (10-9 /s - 10-1 /s). Finally, a constitutive law called L3F was developed for UO2 by adding to the previous model irradiation creep and tensile macroscopic cracking. The L3F law was then introduced in the 1.5D scheme of the fuel performance code ALCYONE-RIA to simulate the REP-Na tests performed in the experimental reactor CABRI. Simulation results are in good agreement with post tests examinations
"The effect of cervical spinal manipulation on elbow flexion torque." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14025.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study was to establish whether cervical spinal manipulation induces an appreciable and sustainable alteration in muscle torque performance regarding the elbow flexor muscles. Forty asymptomatic individuals participated in this study. Twenty individuals were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Participants selected had to be between 18 and 40 years of age and had to present with cervical motion restrictions involving the fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae, as determined by motion palpation assessment. Participants were randomly recruited from the University of Johannesburg and surrounding areas, based on their response to information pamphlets and word of mouth. The experimental group received cervical spinal manipulation involving the lower cervical segments on three separate occasions. The control group received no intervention. Elbow flexion torque assessments were conducted using the Biodex System 3, isokinetic dynamometer. Two assessments were done prior to intervention and one test following one week of intervention, to ascertain whether cervical manipulation can provoke a sustainable improvement in elbow flexion performance. Cervical range of motion (CROM) assessment was used as a secondary objective evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the manipulation procedures, considering that improvement in cervical range of motion following spinal manipulation is well documented. Minimal improvement in elbow flexion torque involving both arms was observed in the experimental group following one weeks‟ intervention however, no statistical significance was reported. Gender relations regarding the elbow flexion torque performances revealed and improvement in strength in the male participants and a reduction in performance in the female participants. Statistical significance was reported although the significance regarding intervention remains unclear. No sustainable improvement in elbow flexion torque was revealed following spinal manipulative therapy and therefore does not provide conclusive evidence to substantiate the motor neuron excitability theory. The contradictory results with regards to the female participants bring into context an indefinite and unfamiliar neuromusculoskeletal paradigm which requires additional research to clarify these anomalous findings.
"The effect of corrective splintage on the flexion contractures of rheumatoid fingers." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887701.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [175-185]).
ABSTRACT
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- AIMS OF STUDY --- p.3
Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Chapter 2.1 --- DEFINITION --- p.4
Chapter 2.2 --- PREVALENCE --- p.4
Chapter 2.3 --- AETIOLOGY --- p.4
Chapter 2.4 --- PATHOLOGY --- p.5
Chapter 2.5 --- CLINICAL FEATURES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN HAND --- p.5
Chapter 2.6 --- CRITERIA FOR DIAGNOSIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS --- p.7
Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- HAND DEFORMITIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Chapter 3.1 --- THE HAND --- p.9
Chapter 3.2 --- THE RHEUMATOID HAND --- p.13
Chapter 3.4 --- CAUSES OF FLEXION CONTRACTURE AT THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANEAL JOINT --- p.16
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- SPLINTING FOR THE RHEUMATOID HAND
Chapter 4.1 --- SPLINTING IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS --- p.19
Chapter 4.2 --- SPLINTING FLEXION CONTRACTURES AT THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL (PIP) JOINTS --- p.24
Chapter 4.3 --- THE MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SPLINT DESIGN --- p.32
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- HAND ASSESSMENT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Chapter 5.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.41
Chapter 5.2 --- A REVIEW OF THE STANDARDISED HAND FUNCTION ASSESSMENT --- p.42
Chapter 5.3 --- MEASUREMENT OF GRIP STRENGTHS --- p.48
Chapter 5.4 --- MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVE RANGE OF MOTION OF FINGER JOINTS --- p.52
Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- DEVELOPMENT OF HAND EVALUATION SYSTEM in RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Chapter 6.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.56
Chapter 6.2 --- AIMS OF STUDY --- p.56
Chapter 6.3 --- DEVELOPMENT OF THE HAND EVALUATION SYSTEM --- p.57
Chapter 6.4 --- A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HAND GRIP ASSESSMENT TOOLS: THE JAMAR DYNAMOMETER AND THE REC PROTOTYPE GRIP ANALYSER --- p.58
Chapter 6.5 --- A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE JEBSEN HAND FUNCTION TEST IN HONG KONG --- p.67
Chapter 6.6 --- ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL RANGE OF MOTION --- p.77
Chapter 6.7 --- CONCLUSION --- p.83
Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- THE MAIN STUDY
Chapter 7.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.85
Chapter 7.2 --- RESEARCH DESIGN --- p.85
Chapter 7.3 --- DEFINITION OF VARIABLES --- p.86
Chapter 7.4 --- SUBJECT SELECTION --- p.89
Chapter 7.5 --- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES --- p.89
Chapter 7.6 --- PILOT STUDY --- p.91
Chapter 7.7 --- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA --- p.94
Chapter CHAPTER EIGHT --- RESULTS
Chapter 8.1 --- RESULTS --- p.95
Chapter 8.1.1 --- Age distribution --- p.96
Chapter 8.1.2 --- Occupation --- p.98
Chapter 8.1.3 --- Functional class --- p.98
Chapter 8.1.4 --- Group characteristics --- p.99
Chapter 8.1.5 --- Comparison of the effect of corrective splints on hand functions of clients --- p.100
Chapter 8.1.6 --- Comparison of the effect of two types of corrective splintage on hand functions of clients --- p.103
Chapter 8.2 --- SUMMARY --- p.113
Chapter 8.2.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.113
Chapter 8.2.2 --- Compliance and complication of the splint intervention programme --- p.114
Chapter CHAPTER NINE --- DISCUSSION
Chapter 9.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.116
Chapter 9.2 --- COMMENTS ON THE HAND EVALUATION PROTOCOL … --- p.117
Chapter 9.3 --- DISCUSSIONS OF THE RESULTS OF THE PILOT STUDY --- p.121
Chapter 9.4 --- DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS OF THE MAIN STUDY --- p.125
Chapter 9.5 --- IMPLICATION OF STUDY INTO OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE --- p.130
Chapter 9.6 --- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY --- p.131
Chapter 9.7 --- SUMMARY --- p.132
Chapter CHAPTER TEN --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter 10.1 --- CONCLUSION --- p.134
Chapter 10.2 --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.138
Chapter 10.3 --- SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH --- p.139
APPENDICES
REFERENCES