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1
Fischer, Tim, Leonhard Hitzler, and Ewald Werner. "Morphological and Crystallographic Effects in the Laser Powder-Bed Fused Stainless Steel Microstructure." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060672.
Анотація:
One of the key aspects in additive manufacturing of stainless steels is the relationship between process parameters and the resulting microstructure. The selected process parameters typically cause a rapid solidification of the material, which leads to a microstructure that is highly textured both morphologically and crystallographically. While the morphological texture is characterised by a mainly columnar shape of the grains, the crystallographic texture is marked by a preferred grain orientation in the <001> direction (fibre texture). Due to the texture effects, pronounced anisotropic mechanical properties are present in the material. In this report, a series of virtual microstructures with different morphological and crystallographic features are generated to develop a fundamental understanding of the individual texture effects on the mechanical properties. The grain morphology is based on Voronoi tessellations, and the crystallographic texture is captured with crystal plasticity. Furthermore, the numerical predictions are compared with experimental studies. The mechanical properties predicted on the basis of the virtual microstructures show that the crystallographic effect is much more dominant than the morphology of the individual grains. Consistent with the experiments, the highest load-bearing capacity of the material occurs when the macroscopic loading acts under an angle of 45∘ to the preferred orientation of the crystals.
2
Kosović, Indira, Indira Kosović, Mirta Benšić, Mirta Benšić, Đurđica Ačkar, Đurđica Ačkar, Antun Jozinović, et al. "Microstructure and cooking quality of barley-enriched pasta produced at different process parameters." Foods and Raw Materials 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2018-2-281-290.
Анотація:
Pasta is one of the most popular meals in the world. It is affordable, easy to combine with other foods and easy to cook. Unfortunately, pasta is energy-rich and nutrient-poor. Whole-wheat pasta is somewhat better in nutritional quality, but further improvements may be made. One option is to add different raw materials and specific nutritive components (vitamins, polyphenols, fiber, protein, etc.) to semolina. However, this approach changes its physico-chemical properties, e.g. cooking loss, texture, etc., which cannot be disregarded. The current research investigates possibilities for production of barley-enriched pasta with acceptable cooking qualities. To ensure the beneficial health effects of β-glucan, β-glucan-rich barley was selected asa starting material. Pasta enriched with 10–50% β-glucan-rich barley flour was produced in the mini-press and the laboratory extruder and then dried at low, medium and high temperature regimes. Colour, cooking quality and microstructure of the enriched pasta were investigated to determine its acceptability. The research showed that barley-enriched pasta of good cooking quality might be produced by selecting an optimal combination of suitable production parameters for forming and drying.
3
Chen, Zhen, Pei Wei, Hanfeng Chen, Xinggang Chen, Yi Ruan, Wenzheng Zhou, and Sujun Lu. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of K418 Superalloy: Process, Microstructure, Texture Feature, and Mechanical Property." Metals 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040611.
Анотація:
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing (AM) technologies using metal powders. It has been increasingly applied in variety of industrial and engineering fields, including but not limited to aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy, automobiles, medical, molding, shipping, and so on. In this work, the influence of laser process parameters on the microstructure, textural features, and their resulting effect on the macroscopic mechanical properties of LPBF-manufactured K418 samples was investigated experimentally. OM, SEM, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure evolution, and EBSD was used to identify the crystal texture of the as-built K418 samples. The effect relationship between process, microstructure, and properties was investigated using mechanical property testing. Furthermore, the volumetric energy density VED was considered as a comprehensive evaluation index to reflect the effects of the main laser process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of LPBF-manufactured K418 samples, including scanning speed v, laser power P, layer thickness t, and hatch space H. The results show that as the volumetric energy density VED increases, the microstructure morphology of the LPBF-manufactured K418 sample evolves: clustered columnar grains → coarsened columnar grains → ultrafine columnar grains, and the mechanical properties of the LPBF-manufactured K418 sample improve, owing to the ultrafine elongated columnar grains and a strong {001} <100> cubic texture.
4
Bai, Lin Rui, Guo Min Le, Jin Feng Li, Xue Liu, and Xiu Yan Li. "Effects of Process Parameters on Morphologies and Microstructures of Laser Melting Deposited V-5Cr-5Ti Alloys." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.227.
Анотація:
V-Cr-Ti alloys are promising structural materials for future nuclear systems. In this study, a laser melting deposition process has been applied to the fabrications of V-5Cr-5Ti alloys. Laser powers of 1200W, 1400W and 1600W, scanning speeds of 400 mm/min and 600 mm/min, and scanning strategies of single directional scanning and dual directional scanning have been applied to investigate the effects on the morphologies and microstructures of formed individual deposits and thin walls. The dual directional scanning is favored for fabricating thin walls with regular shape, comparing to the single directional scanning. Microstructures of the deposits and walls consist of columnar grains and equiaxed grains. Due to the effects on temperature gradients, both the laser powers and deposition duration show significant effects on the microstructural evolutions of the thin wall samples. As the laser power and deposition duration increase, columnar to equiaxed transitions have been observed. The regions containing columnar grains and equiaxed grains have a <100> fiber texture and a random texture, respectively.
5
Bhale, Pranav, Pnina Ari-Gur, Ronald D. Noebe, Yang Ren, Amila Madiligama, Ranjith Devaraj, and Matthew S. Cook. "Effect of Melt-Spinning Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Ni55.5Mn18.8Ga24Si1.7 Heusler Alloy Ribbons." Materials 16, no. 19 (October 7, 2023): 6590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196590.
Анотація:
Ni–Mn-based Heusler alloys are known to demonstrate magnetic shape memory and giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE). These effects depend on the phases, crystallographic and magnetic phase transitions, and the crystallographic texture characteristics. These structural characteristics, in turn, are a function of the processing parameters. In the current work, Ni55.5Mn18.8Ga24Si1.7 Heusler alloy was processed by melt-spinning under a helium atmosphere. This process results in a fine microstructure. The ribbon that was produced with a narrower nozzle width, faster wheel speed, and higher cast temperature, indicating a faster cooling rate, had double the magnetic entropy change close to room temperature. However, the other ribbon demonstrated a large entropy change over a broader temperature range, extending its usability. The effect of the melt-spinning process parameters on the developing microstructure, crystallographic structure and texture, transformation temperatures, and the magnetic entropy change were studied to explain the difference in magnetocaloric behavior.
6
Merchant, N., J. S. Luo, V. A. Maroni, D. M. Gruen, B. S. Tani, S. Sinha, K. H. Sandhage та C. A. Craven. "Epitaxial growth of YbBa2Cu3O7−δ films on (100)-oriented MgO and SrTiO3 substrates by oxidation of a liquid alloy precursor". Journal of Materials Research 7, № 10 (жовтень 1992): 2680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.2680.
Анотація:
Textured superconducting films of YbBa2Cu3O7−δ were grown on single crystals of MgO (100) and SrTiO3 (100) by oxidation of a liquid alloy precursor. The substrates were coated by dipping them in molten YbBa2Cu3 (m.p. ~870 °C). After removal from the melt, the liquid layers on the substrates were oxidized in pure oxygen to form the tetragonal oxide phase, i.e., YbBa2Cu3O7−δ, then annealed at 500 °C to obtain the superconducting orthorhombic phase of the same compound. The microstructure of the films obtained in this way was found to be related to the nature of the substrate as well as to processing variables that included oxidation temperature and oxidation time. Films grown on MgO (100) showed c-axis texture as well as a random growth structure. Films prepared on SrTiO3 (100) showed either a c-axis texture or a mixture of c-axis and a-axis texture. The superconducting properties of the as-prepared films and the effects of key process parameters on film quality and microstructure are presented and discussed.
7
Ting, Valentina J. L., Pat Silcock, Franco Biasioli, and Phil Bremer. "The Physical and Structural Effects of 1-MCP on Four Different Apple Cultivars during Storage." Foods 12, no. 22 (November 7, 2023): 4050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12224050.
Анотація:
The impact of the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), on four apple cultivars (Braeburn, Fuji, Jazz and Golden Delicious) over 150 days of storage at 2 °C was assessed. Proton transfer reaction quadrupole mass spectrometry (PTR-QUAD-MS) was used to monitor changes in VOC composition, while texture analysis and X-ray microcomputer tomography (µ-CT) scanning were used to study microstructural changes. The application of 1-MCP on apples reduced VOC emissions, concurrently maintaining a firmer texture compared to the untreated apples at each time point. The µ-CT scanning revealed how changes in specific morphological characteristics such as anisotropy, connectivity and porosity, size and shape, as well as the interconnectivity of intracellular spaces (IS) influenced texture even when porosity was similar. Additionally, this study showed that the porosity and connectivity of IS were associated with VOC emission and increased simultaneously. This study highlights how the morphological parameters of an apple can help explain their ripening process during long-term storage and how their microstructure can influence the release of VOCs.
8
Cho, Hae Seok, Min Hong Kim, and Hyeong Joon Kim. "Preferred orientation and microstructure of Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 9 (September 1994): 2425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2425.
Анотація:
We have investigated the effects of process parameters such as rf power, substrate, and gas pressure PAr on preferred orientation, microstructure, and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite thin films deposited by conventional rf magnetron sputtering. The texture structure was developed in the ferrite films deposited on the SiO2/Si(100) substrate at low rf power conditions. The ferrite film on the Si(111) substrate always had (111) texture irrespective of process parameters due to lattice matching, but the texture of the ferrite film on SiO2/Si(100) changed from (111) to (100) and finally returned to (111) orientation again with decreasing PAr. Such behavior would occur presumably due to the characteristic atomic stacking sequence corresponding to a given condition of the ion bombardment. The ferrite films deposited at low PAr had a denser microstructure consisting of tightly packed columnar grains with a smoother surface, better adhesion to the substrate, and better crystallinity than those at high PAr. Hc‖ of ferrite film deposited at low PAr was larger than that at high PAr and also larger than Hc⊥ of that deposited at the same PAr because larger compressive stress was induced at low PAr than at high PAr.
9
Mandal, G., S. K. Ghosh, D. Chakrabarti, and S. Chatterjee. "Effects of Thermo-mechanical Process Parameters on Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture of High Ni–Mo Ultrahigh Strength Steel." Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 7, no. 2 (February 26, 2018): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13632-018-0432-7.
10
Gu, Yao Xin, and Hong Chao Qiao. "Study of Laser Peening on TiAl Alloy Properties with Different Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 1089 (January 2015): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1089.359.
Анотація:
Laser peening is a novel surface treatment process that generates deep compressive residual stresses and microstructural changes and thereby dramatically improves fatigue strength of critical metal aircraft engine parts. In order to study the effects of laser peening on properties of TiAl alloy, Surface micro-hardness, microstructural, residual stress and pole figures before and after laser peening were tested. The experimental results showed that surface micro-hardness increased by 23%. The compressive residual stress increased 20 times. The texture in the normal direction of 8J peened sample showed a strong fiber texture components 10o away. In conclusion, the laser peening could improve properties of TiAl alloy.
11
Yuan, Liang, Faqiang Gou, Deqiang Sun, Zhiqiang Li, and Yunlong Xue. "The Effects of Cold Rolling and Annealing on the Microstructure Evolution of Ordered C-2000 Alloy during Metallic Wire Preparation." Metals 13, no. 4 (March 25, 2023): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040651.
Анотація:
When using well-designed multiple-stage heavy-drawn processes, i.e., cold rolling, drawing and cluster drawing to fabricate a metallic wire or fiber in steps, cold rolling and annealing are critical steps due to their effect on the initial microstructure before the heavy-drawn process. Understanding the relationship between microstructure evolution and cold rolling followed by annealing is required for smoothly implementing the heavy-drawn process. In this work, the evolution behavior in terms of the microstructure during cold rolling followed by annealing was investigated in a novel C-2000 alloy that is a promising candidate material for the fabrication of high-performance metallicwire. The investigation encompassed parameters including the grain size, grain boundaries, recrystallization texture, and short-range ordered (SRO) structure. Results show that the grain size distribution of the cold-rolledC-2000 alloy followed by annealing at 900 °C is quite uneven. The low-angle grain boundaries induced by cold rolling are more frequently transformed into the Σ3 twin boundaries during recrystallization. At the initial stage of annealing at 900 °C after cold rolling, the contents of different texture components are significantly different, but the differences tend to decrease with the extension of the annealing time. In addition, cold rolling destroys SRO domains formed during solid solution water quenching, and the destruction of SRO affects the precipitation of the long-range ordered phase during annealing. Incoherent Σ3ic with curved grain boundaries play an important role in the recrystallization of nucleation sites in the process of static recrystallization by nucleation–growth.
12
Deshpande, Shraddha, and R. Venkata Rao. "PARAMETRIC EFFECTS AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-DISCHARGE MACHINING OF TI-6AL-4V TITANIUM ALLOY." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.1.8.
Анотація:
The present experimentation focused on investigating electro-discharge machining performance such as material removal rate, surface roughness, electrode wear, overcut, and hardness during machining of biomedical titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Taguchi L25 array is used to determine the process input parameters combination for conducting the experiments. The process input parameters are pulse current, gap voltage, pulse on-time, and pulse off-time. The response surface methodology is used for mathematical modeling. Parameters are selected so uniquely that the properties of the machined components are affected dimensionally significantly less, at the same time rate of production is also reasonably high. The mathematical models are found to be satisfactory. After performing the extensive experimentations, the effect of specific parameters and microstructure was studied and analyzed. Electric-discharge machining of Ti-6Al-4V with precise control over individual response characteristics is simple. However, achieving simultaneous control on all performance characteristics (MRR, SR, EW, OC, and H) is complex. Microstructural analysis reveals that the surface texture of the machined impressions contains a relatively high proportion of black spots. These black spots produce a coarser surface having surface roughness value, Ra = 9.735 µm at 21 Amp pulse current, gap voltage 60 Volt, pulse on-time 350 µs, and pulse off-time 175 µs. However, the material removal rate is maximum at 0.086 mm3/min at these parameters. Dimensional accuracy in overcut OC is 0.118 µm with electrode wear of 0.0006 mm3/min, and alteration in the surface hardness is about 10 VH.
13
Zebarjadi Sar, Mandana, Silvia Barella, Andrea Gruttadauria, Davide Mombelli, and Carlo Mapelli. "Impact of Warm Rolling Process Parameters on Crystallographic Textures, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Boron-Bearing Steels." Metals 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8110927.
Анотація:
The effect of the warm rolling process on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of low-carbon high-boron steels are studied in this work. To investigate these effects, boron-bearing low-carbon steel, subjected to roll at three different temperatures, was studied symmetrically and asymmetrically. The results of the experimental trials achieved by mechanical and microstructural analysis revealed that the use of warm rolling can represent a favorable method to suppress strain aging completely, and to eliminate the fluting effect and yield point elongation. In addition, the tensile and elongation properties are modified with the formation of boron nitride precipitates and dislocations in different thermomechanical conditions.
14
Eriksson, Emil, and Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander. "Dynamic and Post-Dynamic Recrystallization of Haynes 282 below the Secondary Carbide Solvus." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010122.
Анотація:
Thermomechanical processes, such as forging, are important steps during manufacturing of superalloy components. The microstructural development during processing, which controls the final component properties, is complex and depends on e.g., applied strain, strain rate and temperature. In this study, we investigate the effect of process parameters on the dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization during hot compression of Ni-base superalloy Haynes 282. Specifically, we address the effect of deformation below the grain boundary carbide solvus temperature. During deformation, discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization was observed at the grain boundaries, and particle-stimulated nucleation occurred at primary carbides. Strain rate was determined to be the governing factor controlling the recrystallization fraction for strain rates up to 0.5 s−1 above which adiabatic heating became the dominating factor. Careful examination of the temperature development during deformation showed that the response of the closed-loop temperature control system to adiabatic heating can have important effects on the interpretation of the observed behavior. During a 90 s post-deformation hold, grain growth and an increasing fraction of twin boundaries significantly changed the deformation-induced microstructure and texture. The microstructure developed during post-dynamic recrystallization was mainly controlled by the temperature and only weakly coupled to the prior deformation step.
15
Eriksson, Emil, and Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander. "Dynamic and Post-Dynamic Recrystallization of Haynes 282 below the Secondary Carbide Solvus." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010122.
Анотація:
Thermomechanical processes, such as forging, are important steps during manufacturing of superalloy components. The microstructural development during processing, which controls the final component properties, is complex and depends on e.g., applied strain, strain rate and temperature. In this study, we investigate the effect of process parameters on the dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization during hot compression of Ni-base superalloy Haynes 282. Specifically, we address the effect of deformation below the grain boundary carbide solvus temperature. During deformation, discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization was observed at the grain boundaries, and particle-stimulated nucleation occurred at primary carbides. Strain rate was determined to be the governing factor controlling the recrystallization fraction for strain rates up to 0.5 s−1 above which adiabatic heating became the dominating factor. Careful examination of the temperature development during deformation showed that the response of the closed-loop temperature control system to adiabatic heating can have important effects on the interpretation of the observed behavior. During a 90 s post-deformation hold, grain growth and an increasing fraction of twin boundaries significantly changed the deformation-induced microstructure and texture. The microstructure developed during post-dynamic recrystallization was mainly controlled by the temperature and only weakly coupled to the prior deformation step.
16
Yuan, Y. S., M. S. Wong, and S. S. Wang. "Whisker/matrix interface and microstructure of MgO-whisker reinforced (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox high-temperature superconducting composite." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0004.
Анотація:
In this paper, a comprehensive study of the microstructure and the whisker/matrix interface of a (MgO)w/BPSCCOhigh-temperature superconducting composite is reported. The bulk MgO-whisker reinforced HTS BPSCCO (2223) composite was fabricated using a recently developed solid-state processing method. The (MgO)w/BPSCCO composite has been demonstrated to possess excellent combined superconducting and mechanical properties. The favorable microstructure of the HTS BPSCCO (2223) matrix and the (MgO)w/BPSCCO interfacial properties are recognized to be the critical material parameters governing electric and mechanical performance of the HTS composite. Effects of detailed microstructure variables on superconducting properties of the composite are addressed, including the aspect ratio and the orientation of MgO whiskers, structure, and texturing of the BPSCCO matrix phase, and the (MgO)w/BPSCCO interfacial microchemistry. The results obtained reveal unique characteristics of the reinforcing MgO whiskers dispersion, distribution, and orientation in the HTS composites. The evolution of the microstructure and texture of thematrix BPSCCO grains has also been studied in the process of repeated hot-pressing and annealing heat treatment. The thermodynamic compatibility and microchemistry in the MgO whisker and BPSCCO interfaceare also examined.
17
Wood, Paul, José Díaz-Álvarez, Alexis Rusinek, Urvashi Gunputh, Slim Bahi, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, Maria Henar Miguélez, Yiling Lu, Pawel Platek, and Judyta Sienkiewicz. "Microstructure Effects on the Machinability of AM-Produced Superalloys." Crystals 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13081190.
Анотація:
This paper discusses the microstructure effects on the machinability of Inconel 718 by conducting machining tests on an additively manufactured (AM) workpiece with a strongly textured grain structure and a wrought workpiece incorporating a finer and more equiaxed grain structure. The AM workpiece was produced as a thin tube using Laser Melting Powder Bed Fusion and optimal processing conditions for this alloy. A lathe was used to conduct instrumented orthogonal machining tests on the two workpiece materials under dry cut and coolant conditions using a semisynthetic emulsion coolant. The process parameters studied were feed from 0.05 to 0.15 mm/rev and cutting speed from 60 to 120 m/min with a cut time of 2 sec duration for each process condition. Measures for each process condition included cutting forces in the feed and main cut direction, and images of chip forms were obtained. The grain structures of the workpiece materials were characterized using Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD). New findings suggest that grain structures can significantly affect the machinability of the superalloy at a higher feed for all cutting speeds studied, and insights into the cause are discussed. Other important findings comment on the effectiveness of the coolant as a lubricant for reducing friction in machining.
18
Gong, Xi, Willem Groeneveld-Meijer, and Guha Manogharan. "Additive manufacturing: Application and validation of machine learning-based process-structure-property linkages in Ti-6Al-4V." Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing 2, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 0999. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/msam.0999.
Анотація:
In the field of metal additive manufacturing (AM), various processes and heat treatments can yield unique grain morphologies, thereby influencing material properties and machining behavior. In this study, a novel workflow using a machine learning-based approach that combines statistical descriptors of textured AM-process induced microstructure, cutting force model (as a material response), and a data-mining method is established. It is proven to be a valid method for creating process-structure-property linkages for metal AM. This study focuses on two highly varied metal AM processes: Powder bed fusion (PBF, e.g., laser PBF and electron beam PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED, e.g., wire-fed plasma-directed energy deposition). The study also accounted for the effects of post-AM heat treatment and build orientation. It was found that the accuracy of material behavior predictions is highly correlated with AM processing conditions, building orientations, and machining conditions. Specifically, while initially applying PBF training data to DED samples resulted in a 15% root mean square prediction error, this error was subsequently reduced to <1% through cross-training using combined microstructure training data sets. This discrepancy could be attributed to the significantly different thermal cycling conditions in L-PBF and DED, which resulted in highly varied textured microstructures. Residual stresses generated during AM processing and the selection of machining parameters exert the highest impact on the machining behavior. The implications of these findings extend to the use of statistically descriptive microstructures for various AM processing conditions and build orientations in computational methods and other machining learning approaches.
19
Pan, Chunyang, Changfeng Xu, and Jun Zhou. "Fabrication of superhydrophilic surfaces for long time preservation on 316 l stainless steel by ultraviolet laser etching." Materials Research Express 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 015008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac4b4c.
Анотація:
Abstract Due to the good biocompatibility, 316 l stainless steel is widely used in the manufacture of medical instruments and human implants. The super hydrophilic 316 l steel surface is used for reducing friction and adhesion. By choosing appropriate laser process parameters 316 l steel surfaces with super-hydrophilic were obtained. The effects of laser process parameters including repeat frequency, pulse width, scanning speed, and the number of scanning were investigated to find the relationship between surface microstructure and wetting ability. To investigate the super-hydrophilic maintenance time on the textured surface, the textured surfaces were preserved in ambident air, distilled water, and absolute ethanol. The results showed that by choosing appropriate laser process parameters surface with super-hydrophilicity can be maintained for 30 d.
20
Chen, Zhi, Yumeng Wei, Cheng Wu, Guojun Zhang, and Fenglin Han. "Study on the High-Efficiency Preparation of Superhydrophobic Polymer Thin Films by Continuous Micro/Nano Imprinting." Polymers 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16070912.
Анотація:
In order to improve the preparation efficiency, quality stability, and large-area preparation of superhydrophobic thin films, a roll-to-roll continuous micro–nano imprinting method for the efficient preparation of superhydrophobic polymer films is proposed. A wear-resistant mold roller with hierarchical microstructure is prepared by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The rheological filling model is constructed for revealing the forming mechanism of superhydrophobic polymer films during continuous micro/nano imprinting. The effects of imprinting temperature, rolling speed and the surface texture size of the template on the surface texture formation rate of polymer films are analyzed. The experimental results show that, compared with other process methods, the template processed by WEDM shows excellent wear resistance. Moreover, the optimal micro/nano imprinting parameters are the mold temperature of 190 °C (corresponding film temperature of 85 ± 5 °C), rolling speed of 3 rpm and roller gap of 0.1 mm. The maximum contact angle of the polymer film is 154°. In addition, the superhydrophobic polymer thin film has been proven to have good self-cleaning and anti-icing performance.
21
Amir, Ben, Shmuel Samuha, and Oren Sadot. "Influence of Selective Laser Melting Machine Source on the Dynamic Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071143.
Анотація:
Selective laser melting (SLM) AlSi10Mg alloy has been thoroughly investigated in terms of its microstructure and quasi-static properties, owing to its broad industrial applications. However, the effects of the SLM process on the dynamic behavior under impact conditions remain to be established. This research deals with the influences of manufacturing process parameters on the dynamic response of the SLM on AlSi10Mg at a high strain rate of 700 to 6700 s−1 by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. Examinations were performed on vertically and horizontally built samples, processed individually by two manufacturers using a different laser scanning technique on the same powder composition. It was concluded that the fabrication technique does not influence the true stress–true strain dependency at strain rates of 700 to 2800 s−1. However, at higher strain rates (4000 to 6700 s−1), this study revealed different plastic behavior, which was associated only with the horizontally built samples. Moreover, this study found different failure demeanors at true strains exceeding 0.8. The dynamic response was correlated with the as-built microstructure and crystallographic texture, characterized using the electron backscattered diffraction technique.
22
Truong, Mai Xuan, Vu Thi Hong Hanh, and Thanh-Binh Nguyen. "The integrated contribution of surface topology to anti-icing effectiveness." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 015036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac56a8.
Анотація:
Abstract The effects of topology parameters at micro-scale on anti-icing performance have not been investigated theoretically and clearly. In this work, we figured out the affection of structure parameters and derived quantities to anti-icing performance in terms of adhesive strength. Well-textured silicon microstructure with different topologies and surface energies was generated via the lithography process. The parameters including pillar height, top diameter, and spacing were simultaneously investigated through the transition energy barrier approach. The results demonstrated the integrated contribution of all parameters in anti-icing performance, instead of independent effects. Furthermore, our results disclosed the correlation contribution of edge and top effects in adhesion strength. This insight should lead to an understanding of icing phenomena and the design of icephobic surfaces.
23
Ritzdorf, Tom, Sam Lee, and Ian Drucker. "Material Analysis of Lead Free Solder Deposited by Electrochemical Deposition." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-ta45.
Анотація:
Lead-free solders have essentially replaced lead-tin solders for new microelectronic applications. At the same time, many products are continuing to go through miniaturization, so the behavior of the solder material is changing as a function of the connection size. As lead-tin solder has been replaced by lead-free alloys, electrodeposited SnAg has become the standard solder alloy used on wafers. Tin-based solders exhibit a complex material structure in the deposit, as recrystallization occurs in the deposit, and as intermetallic compounds form. Understanding the complex nature of these materials is becoming increasingly important to the performance of our electronic products. We have characterized ECD SnAg solder alloy deposits in terms of composition, grain size, phase, microstructure, and texture using EBSD analysis. We will discuss the effects of modifying the process parameters on the microstructure which could implications on the performance of the solder bump as a chip-level interconnect. We have seen that the metals deposit as β-tin with finely dispersed intermetallic grains. We have also seen evidence of recrystallization of the deposit subsequent to deposition, although the recrystallization behaviour is significantly different than the well-characterized copper recrystallization. Finally, the metal at the interface below the solder reacts with Sn to form intermetallic compounds, the compositions of which are dependent on the materials present. The effects of the process parameters on the deposit properties are becoming increasingly important to understand in order to control the properties of the interconnection, and how it changes over its lifetime. We have characterized the incorporation of trace organic materials in the deposit as a function of plating parameters. The deposition of SnAg from an MSA-based plating bath is very different from the deposition of copper from a copper sulfate plating bath. We have noticed that the incorporation of organic additive materials, as well as the grain size, increases as the deposition rate is increased in the deposition of SnAg.
24
Zheng, Xiaoyu, Yi Kong, Tingting Chang, Xin Liao, Yiwu Ma, and Yong Du. "High-Throughput Computing Assisted by Knowledge Graph to Study the Correlation between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6XXX Aluminum Alloy." Materials 15, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 5296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155296.
Анотація:
It is of great academic and engineering application to study the evolution of microstructure and properties of age-strengthened aluminum alloys during heat treatment and to establish quantitative prediction models that can be applied to industrial production. The main factors affecting the peak aging state strength of age-strengthened aluminum alloys are the precipitates, solid solution elements, grain size effects, and textures formed during the material processing. In this work, these multi-scale factors are integrated into the framework of the knowledge graph to assist the following crystal plasticity finite elements simulations. The constructed knowledge graph is divided into two parts: static data and dynamic data. Static data contains the basic properties of the material and the most basic property parameters. Dynamic data is designed to improve awareness of static data. High-throughput computing is performed to further obtain clear microstructure-property relationships by varying the parameters of materials properties and the characteristics of the structure models. The constructed knowledge graph can be used to guide material design for 6XXX Al-Mg-Si based alloys. The past experimental values are used to calibrate the phenomenological parameters and test the reliability of the analysis process.
25
Wan, Da Ping, Hong Bin Liu, De Jin Hu, and Hai Feng Wang. "Laser Surface Coating-Texturing of Cold Roll with Hard Dimples." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.364.
Анотація:
The surface texture of sheet steel plays an important role for automotive applications. To achieve appropriate surface topographies and press-forming behaviour, a new laser coating texturing (LCT) technique aimed at texturing steel work-rolls was proposed. The laser texturing process was realized by applying laser pulses at very high repetition rates to produce innumerable micro-craters with the required shape profile on the surface of the rolls. Moreover, the surface alloying of the dimples was carried out on the substrates of bearing steel GCr15. The submicron WC-Co alloy metal powder was melted into the micro-craters by high laser energy. The effects of processing parameters on the properties of the laser textured samples were investigated. The dimpled surfaces were examined by a 3-dimensional surface profilometer. Microstructures of the coating layers were assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental investigations show that the laser-dimpled hard-coated surfaces exhibit compatible metallurgical interfaces with the substrates. The laser coating textured roll is demonstrated to have excellent abrasion resistance and a much longer service life. The abrasive wear resistance was 5 times higher than that of the substrates. The average surface microhardness values were as high as 700HV.
26
Fang, Jingcheng, Huafeng Deng, Yu Qi, Yao Xiao, Hengbin Zhang, and Jianlin Li. "Analysis of Changes in the Micromorphology of Sandstone Joint Surface under Dry-Wet Cycling." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (January 21, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8758203.
Анотація:
Changes in the micromorphology of joint surface under dry-wet cycling have a direct effect on the mechanical properties of the jointed rock masses, which in turn affects the deformation stability of the bank slope of a reservoir. In this study, we design and carry out a test that aims to quantity the effects of repeated rise and fall of a reservoir on the properties of a jointed rock masses. The results are as follows: first, the roughness, local gradient, and undulation of the joint surface gradually decreased under repeated dry-wet cycling. In addition, the height parameters and texture parameters showed a steep decrease followed by a slow decline. The deterioration was particularly obvious over the first 5 dry-wet cycles. Second, the roughness coefficient of the joint surface, the compressive strength of the face wall, and the basic friction angle were gradually reduced under dry-wet cycling. The shear strength of the jointed rock masses (obtained both quantitatively and experimentally) showed a deteriorating trend controlled by the deterioration of the micromorphology, the strength of the face wall, and the frictional properties of the joint surface. Finally, the dry-wet cycling process determined trends of changes in the microstructure parameters and mechanical properties of the joint surface. Our research results provide a good basis for the analysis of the deterioration and failure of rock masses within the hydrofluctuation belt of a bank slope.
27
Wang, Shuo, Xiao Yang, Jieming Chen, Hengpei Pan, Xiaolong Zhang, Congyi Zhang, Chunhui Li, et al. "Effects of Building Directions on Microstructure, Impurity Elements and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Alloys Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Micromachines 14, no. 9 (August 31, 2023): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091711.
Анотація:
For NiTi alloys prepared by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), changes in the building directions will directly change the preferred orientation and thus directly affect the smart properties, such as superelasticity, as well as change the distribution state of defects and impurity elements to affect the phase transformation behaviour, which in turn affects the smart properties at different temperatures. In this study, the relationship between impurity elements, the building directions, and functional properties; the effects of building directions on the crystallographic anisotropy; phase composition; superelastic properties; microhardness; geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density; and impurity element content of NiTi SMAs fabricated by LPBF were systematically studied. Three building directions measured from the substrate, namely, 0°, 45° and 90°, were selected, and three sets of cylindrical samples were fabricated with the same process parameters. Along the building direction, a strong <100>//vertical direction (VD) texture was formed for all the samples. Because of the difference in transformation temperature, when tested at 15 °C, the sample with the 45° orientation possessed the highest strain recovery of 3.2%. When tested at the austenite phase transformation finish temperature (Af)+10 °C, the 90° sample had the highest strain recovery of 5.83% and a strain recovery rate of 83.3%. The sample with the 90° orientation presented the highest microhardness, which was attributed to its high dislocation density. Meanwhile, different building directions had an effect on the contents of O, C, and N impurity elements, which affected the transformation temperature by changing the Ni/Ti ratio. This study innovatively studied the impurity element content and GND densities of compressive samples with three building directions, providing theoretical guidance for LPBFed NiTi SMA structural parts.
28
Wolff, Niklas, Md Redwanul Islam, Lutz Kirste, Simon Fichtner, Fabian Lofink, Agnė Žukauskaitė, and Lorenz Kienle. "Al1−xScxN Thin Films at High Temperatures: Sc-Dependent Instability and Anomalous Thermal Expansion." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081282.
Анотація:
Ferroelectric thin films of wurtzite-type aluminum scandium nitride (Al1−xScxN) are promising candidates for non-volatile memory applications and high-temperature sensors due to their outstanding functional and thermal stability exceeding most other ferroelectric thin film materials. In this work, the thermal expansion along with the temperature stability and its interrelated effects have been investigated for Al1−xScxN thin films on sapphire Al2O3(0001) with Sc concentrations x (x = 0, 0.09, 0.23, 0.32, 0.40) using in situ X-ray diffraction analyses up to 1100 °C. The selected Al1−xScxN thin films were grown with epitaxial and fiber textured microstructures of high crystal quality, dependent on the choice of growth template, e.g., epitaxial on Al2O3(0001) and fiber texture on Mo(110)/AlN(0001)/Si(100). The presented studies expose an anomalous regime of thermal expansion at high temperatures >~600 °C, which is described as an isotropic expansion of a and c lattice parameters during annealing. The collected high-temperature data suggest differentiation of the observed thermal expansion behavior into defect-coupled intrinsic and oxygen-impurity-coupled extrinsic contributions. In our hypothesis, intrinsic effects are denoted to the thermal activation, migration and curing of defect structures in the material, whereas extrinsic effects describe the interaction of available oxygen species with these activated defect structures. Their interaction is the dominant process at high temperatures >800 °C resulting in the stabilization of larger modifications of the unit cell parameters than under exclusion of oxygen. The described phenomena are relevant for manufacturing and operation of new Al1−xScxN-based devices, e.g., in the fields of high-temperature resistant memory or power electronic applications.
29
Chen, Shuang Hchuan, Ming Der Jean, Chyuan Du Liu, Shu Chuan Su, Shuen Chou Chen, Wen Tung Wu, and San Jen Lee. "Structural Properties, Modeling and Optimization of Tribological Behaviors of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.984.
Анотація:
This study used Taguchi plasma-sprayed experiments to determine the surface wear-resistant performance optimization of yttria partially stabilized zirconia (ZrO2/8Y2O3) coatings. Eight control factors based on L18 arrays were conducted and the wear-resistant properties of coatings were evaluated in the experiments. Based on analysis of variance, the optimal settings have been identified, and response surface methodology is utilized. Further, the contour nature of the quadric function is conducted to validate the tests in the Taguchi designed experiments. The experimental results obtained show that using an experimental design strategy with the proposed quadric model is useful not only for predicted optimal process parameters to achieve a desired quality but also for process optimization. Several response plots were generated to examine parameter effects on the response profiles. In addition, microstructures of the worn surface were examined, revealing a dense texture and highly anisotropic properties in the coatings with high anti-wear behavior.
30
Cheng, Xi, Yan Feng Li, Guo Jie Huang, Xiang Qian Yin, Yong Zhen Li, En Dong Yao, Xiu Ling Ma, Xiang Sheng Xie, Shan Long Qi, and Zi Ming Li. "The Effects of Current Density on Microstructure and Properties of Electrolytic Copper Foils." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.205.
Анотація:
Under the condition of controlling the relevant electrolysis process parameters, 12μm-thick electrolytic copper foils were prepared by adjusting the electrodeposition time under different current densities. The surface morphology, mechanical properties and textures of the electrolytic copper foil at different current densities were studied using SEM, XRD, EBSD and universal testing machines. The fracture mechanism of the copper foil at different current densities was also analyzed in this paper. The results show that as the current density increases, the surface of the copper foil become larger and sharper. The main orientation of the crystal surface is {220}, and the preference firstly increases and then decreases. The high preference of the {220} crystal surface of the copper foil reduces its tensile strength. When the current density is from 8 to 14 A/dm2, the preferential degree of {111} decreases with the increase of current density, while the preferential degree of {220} increases, and the tensile strength of copper foil decreases. When the current density is from 14 to 26 A/dm2, the preferential degree of {111} and {311} increases with the increase of current density, while the preference of {220} crystal surface decreases, and the tensile strength of copper foil increases. The elongation of copper foil is affected by the fracture mechanism. When the current density is 8 A/dm2, the copper foil is plastically fractured and has high elongation. When the current density is 14A/dm2, the copper foil is brittle fracture and the elongation is low. When the current density is 26 A/dm2, the copper foil is plastically fractured but the effect of hydrogen evolution at high current density reduces the plasticity of the copper foil.
31
Son, Deuk Hyun, In Soo Kim, Baig-Gyu Choi, Jeonghyeon Do, Yoon Suk Choi, and Joong Eun Jung. "Effect of Laser Power on the Recrystallization Temperature of an Additively Manufactured IN718." Metals 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13081355.
Анотація:
Over the past few decades, there has been much research on additive manufacturing in both the academic and the industrial spheres to overcome the limitations of conventional manufacturing methods, thereby enabling the production of complex designs for improved performance. To achieve this purpose, it is crucial to meticulously set suitable laser parameters within the context of microstructural characteristics, including type and fraction of defects, texture development, residual stress, and grain size, etc. In the present study, we focused on recrystallization behavior, a type of relaxation process for accumulated thermal stress during the L-PBF process, as a function of laser power applied on the L-PBF process. The laser power has significant effects on the amount of recrystallized grain, directly related to the recrystallization temperature. Within the range of laser power used in this study, a downward trend was observed in the recrystallization temperature as the laser power increased from 370 W to 390 W. This trend suggests that higher laser power leads to a faster cooling rate, influenced by the volume of melt pool as well as the amount of heat dissipation from the melt pool, resulting in higher thermal stress during the process.
32
Özbay, Sena, and Cemalettin Sariçoban. "Effects of different levels of salt and temperature on some physico-chemical and colour properties of microwave-dried beef round (M. semitendinosus)." British Food Journal 123, no. 6 (January 14, 2021): 2066–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2020-0776.
Анотація:
PurposeThe aim of this work was to study the effect of the different levels of salt and the temperature on some physico-chemical and colour change properties of microwave-dried beef round (M. semitendinosus).Design/methodology/approachThe samples were pretreated with different temperatures (0°C, 40°C and 50°C) and salting (0, 1.5, 2.5%). Later these samples have been dried by the microwave energy at 540 W for seven minutes. Some physical properties (water activity, moisture content, change in diameter, change in thickness, change in shrinkage ratio) and texture, colour and microscopic surface structure analysis were conducted in dried beef round samples.FindingsAs a result, the colour and moisture were the most affected factors. Also, physical and microstructural characteristics were affected by salting and pre-drying. In addition, while the textural structure did not show a significant difference, meat weight and water activity varied.Research limitations/implicationsMeat obtained from a local butcher in Konya was used as the study material. In addition, only a special part of the meat (M. semitendinosus) was used in the study. In the drying process, the parameters were determined as 540 W and 7 min. These are the limitations of the research.Originality/valueAll changes that can occur in the physical properties of the meat after the drying process were examined. The structure of beef round samples formed by microwave drying was shown by using electron microscope. The effects of pretreatment such as salting and pre-drying have been examined on microwave drying.
33
Turan, Canan, Akbar A. Javadi, Raffaele Vinai, and Giacomo Russo. "Effects of Fly Ash Inclusion and Alkali Activation on Physical, Mechanical, and Chemical Properties of Clay." Materials 15, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 4628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134628.
Анотація:
This study investigated the improvement in the behaviour of a clay soil due to the addition of alkali-activated fly ash as a stabilising agent, and the effects of different activation factors such as alkali dosages and silica moduli. The alkali activator solution used was a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Class F fly ash was used as the precursor material for the geopolymerisation process. Soil samples stabilised with non-activated class F fly ash were prepared and tested to compare the results with samples stabilised with alkali-activated fly ash. Compaction tests, unconfined compressive strength tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analysis were carried out on samples cured 1, 7, and 28 days at room conditions. The results showed that the compressive strength of stabilised soil significantly increased when the fly ash was activated. The optimal activation parameters to stabilise the soil were found to be alkali dosages in the range of 12% to 16% and a silica modulus of 1.25. The highest compressive strength recorded was at 1293 kPa with an alkali dosage of 16% and a silica modulus of 1.25, while for the non-stabilised soil, it was at 204 kPa at 28 days of curing. Mineralogical analysis showed a decrease in the peak intensities of kaolinite and illite, while microstructural analysis indicated an alteration in soil texture with the addition of the alkali-activated fly ash.
34
Nastac, Laurentiu. "3D Modeling of the Solidification Structure Evolution and of the Inter Layer/Track Voids Formation in Metallic Alloys Processed by Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 8885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248885.
Анотація:
A fully transient discrete-source 3D Additive Manufacturing (AM) process model was coupled with a 3D stochastic solidification structure model to simulate the grain structure evolution quickly and efficiently in metallic alloys processed through Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (EBPBF) and Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. The stochastic model was adapted to rapid solidification conditions of multicomponent alloys processed via multi-layer multi-track AM processes. The capabilities of the coupled model include studying the effects of process parameters (power input, speed, beam shape) and part geometry on solidification conditions and their impact on the resulting solidification structure and on the formation of inter layer/track voids. The multi-scale model assumes that the complex combination of the crystallographic requirements, isomorphism, epitaxy, changing direction of the melt pool motion and thermal gradient direction will produce the observed texture and grain morphology. Thus, grain size, morphology, and crystallographic orientation can be assessed, and the model can assist in achieving better control of the solidification microstructures and to establish trends in the solidification behavior in AM components. The coupled model was previously validated against single-layer laser remelting IN625 experiments performed and analyzed at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using LPBF systems. In this study, the model was applied to predict the solidification structure and inter layer/track voids formation in IN718 alloys processed by LPBF processes. This 3D modeling approach can also be used to predict the solidification structure of Ti-based alloys processes by EBPBF.
35
Walker, T., N. Mattern, and M. Herrmann. "Texture and Microstructure in Hot-Pressed Si3N4." Textures and Microstructures 24, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1995): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.24.75.
Анотація:
The texture formation in hot-pressed Si3N4-ceramics was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. A ring-fibre texture is observed with the basal plane (002) perpendicular to the hot-pressing axis. The texture index of hot-pressed Si3N4 depends on the starting powder mixture and process parameters. The α→β phase transfomation and the growth of β-Si3N4 needlelike grains are correlated with the texture. Measurements of fracture toughness and aspect ratio confirm the correlation with microstructure. The structure is the result of crystal growth and flow process during hot-pressing.
36
Kuo, T. Y., S. C. Chen, W. C. Peng, Y. C. Lin, and H. C. Lin. "Influences of process parameters on texture and microstructure of NiO films." Thin Solid Films 519, no. 15 (May 2011): 4940–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.057.
37
Wang, Wenke, Qing Miao, Xuemin Chen, Yang Yu, Wencong Zhang, Wenzhen Chen, and Erde Wang. "Critical Rolling Process Parameters for Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102019.
Анотація:
In this work, the influence of various rolling temperatures and thickness reductions on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets was investigated. Meanwhile, the texture variation controlled by DRX behavior was analyzed. Results suggested that, with the help of DRX behavior, reasonable matching of rolling temperature and thickness reduction could effectively refine the grain size and improve the microstructure homogeneity. Using the grain refinement and microstructure homogeneity as the reference, the critical rolling process parameters were 400 °C—30%, 300 °C—30%, and 250 °C—40% in the present work. In terms of basal texture variation, the occurrence of twins produced the largest maximum texture intensity. However, for the sheets with DRX behavior, the maximum texture intensity decreased sharply, but would steadily increase with the growth of DRXed grain. Additionally, for DRXed grains, the <11-20>//RD (RD: rolling direction) grains would gradually annex the <10-10>//RD grains with the growth of DRXed grains, which finally made their texture component become the dominant texture state. However, when the deformation continued, the <10-10> in DRXed grains would rotate toward the RD again. Weighted by the fracture elongation of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet, the critical thickness reductions were 30–40% under the rolling temperature of 400 °C.
38
Kim, Han Sol, and Won Yong Kim. "Effects of Initial Texture on Drawing and Recrystallization Characteristics of Gold Bonding Wire." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 1401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.1401.
Анотація:
Microstructure and texture formation behavior of a gold rod and fine wire which were produced by continuous casting process and drawing, respectively were investigated by means of optical micrographs, TEM images and X-ray pole figure. Well-developed unidirectional structure aligned to casting direction was found in 7 mm gold rod. Higher casting speed was found to be favor in developing the directional microstructure. In the sample with unidirectional microstructure developed in partial it is found that dislocation substructure with nano-size appeared to display a characteristic feature, while no dislocation substructure is seen in the sample with complete unidirectional microstructure. Interface stability between solid and liquid may be responsible for this difference in dislocation substructure. <100> fiber component was observed to be well developed over the whole microstructure in unidirectional sample. With decreasing casting speed <100> fiber component became weak. Two texture components consisting of <111> fiber and <100> fiber were seen in as-drawn samples. For the development of <111> fiber texture component initial texture component plays a more significant role than subsequent annealing process. Annealing heat treatment would be effective way to control the formation of <100> fiber component. On the basis of results obtained it is suggested that both the initial texture and final annealing are important in controlling the texture of gold bonding wire.
39
Gong, Jian, Andrew Godfrey, Jiaji Ma, and Ruifeng Li. "Investigation of microstructure and texture as related to primary recrystallization of grain-oriented silicon steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2635, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2635/1/012009.
Анотація:
Abstract Grain-oriented silicon steel requires a very strong Goss {110}<001> texture and as such a comprehensive control of thermo-mechanical processing parameters is required to achieve a strict control of texture. In particular the cold rolling and decarburization annealing process parameters have a determining effect on the grain size, the grain size distribution and the crystal texture distribution. In this study, the effect of cold rolling reduction on texture distribution in cold-rolled sheet has been analyzed. Secondary recrystallization of grain-oriented silicon steel is also highly dependent on the microstructure and texture after primary recrystallization. The influence of annealing temperature and carbides on the primary recrystallization process has also been investigated by measurements of grain growth and texture following primary recrystallization. By optimizing the microstructure and the texture of primary recrystallization of grain-oriented silicon steel, it is shown that a grain-oriented silicon steel exhibiting high magnetic induction low iron loss has been developed at Shougang Steel.
40
Stoppe, Nina, and Rainer Horn. "Microstructural strength of tidal soils – a rheometric approach to develop pedotransfer functions." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0031.
Анотація:
Abstract Differences in soil stability, especially in visually comparable soils can occur due to microstructural processes and interactions. By investigating these microstructural processes with rheological investigations, it is possible to achieve a better understanding of soil behaviour from the mesoscale (soil aggregates) to macroscale (bulk soil). In this paper, a rheological investigation of the factors influencing microstructural stability of riparian soils was conducted. Homogenized samples of Marshland soils from the riparian zone of the Elbe River (North Germany) were analyzed with amplitude sweeps (AS) under controlled shear deformation in a modular compact rheometer MCR 300 (Anton Paar, Germany) at different matric potentials. A range physicochemical parameters were determined (texture, pH, organic matter, CaCO3 etc.) and these factors were used to parameterize pedotransfer functions. The results indicate a clear dependence of microstructural elasticity on texture and water content. Although the influence of individual physicochemical factors varies depending on texture, the relevant features were identified taking combined effects into account. Thus, stabilizing factors are: organic matter, calcium ions, CaCO3 and pedogenic iron oxides; whereas sodium ions and water content represent structurally unfavorable factors. Based on the determined statistical relationships between rheological and physicochemical parameters, pedotransfer functions (PTF) have been developed.
41
Zschech, Ehrenfried, Werner Blum, Inka Zienert, and Paul R. Besser. "Effect of Copper Line Geometry and Process Parameters on Interconnect Microstructure and Degradation Processes." International Journal of Materials Research 92, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2001-0147.
Анотація:
Abstract The atomic transport processes which could cause degradation mechanisms in Cu interconnects are described. The influence of interconnect line width, barrier type and anneal process on the microstructure and reliability of the inlaid Cu lines are discussed. Grain size and texture measurements have been performed at blanket films and at arrays of Cu lines using advanced analytical techniques. The median grain size decreases with decreasing line width, and it can be influenced by heat treatments. The crystallographic texture is predominantly {111} out-of-plane with sidewall-oriented grains in narrow Cu lines. The grains have an in-plane preferred orientation with the 〈110〉 direction parallel to the sidewall normal. The Cu texture is influenced by barrier structure and thickness.
42
Stöcker, Anett, Max Weiner, Grzegorz Korpała, Ulrich Prahl, Xuefei Wei, Johannes Lohmar, Gerhard Hirt, et al. "Integrated Process Simulation of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 6659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216659.
Анотація:
A tailor-made microstructure, especially regarding grain size and texture, improves the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels. One way to adjust the microstructure is to control the production and processing in great detail. Simulation and modeling approaches can help to evaluate the impact of different process parameters and finally select them appropriately. We present individual model approaches for hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing and shear cutting and aim to connect the models to account for the complex interrelationships between the process steps. A layer model combined with a microstructure model describes the grain size evolution during hot rolling. The crystal plasticity finite-element method (CPFEM) predicts the cold-rolling texture. Grain size and texture evolution during annealing is captured by the level-set method and the heat treatment model GraGLeS2D+. The impact of different grain sizes across the sheet thickness on residual stress state is evaluated by the surface model. All models take heterogeneous microstructures across the sheet thickness into account. Furthermore, a relationship is established between process and material parameters and magnetic properties. The basic mathematical principles of the models are explained and demonstrated using laboratory experiments on a non-oriented electrical steel with 3.16 wt.% Si as an example.
43
Kim, Won Yong, Han Sol Kim, and Eun Kyun Chung. "Effect of Continuous Casting Parameters on Microstructure and Texture of Gold Bonding Wire for Semiconductor Packaging." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.589.
Анотація:
In this study, we have investigated a texture and microstructure of gold bonding wire by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and electron back scatter diffraction according to process parameters, such as casting, drawing and annealing processes. The gold was cast into 7mm diameter rods by vertical continuous casting technique, the cast rods were drawn to a final wire size of 25μm, and then the fine wires were annealed. A unidirectional solidification structure having <100> fiber texture of cast rod was strongly developed depending on casting route and speed. In the sample with unidirectional microstructure developed in partial it is found that dislocation substructure with nano-size appeared to display a characteristic feature, while no dislocation substructure is seen in the sample with complete unidirectional microstructure. Interface stability between solid and liquid may be responsible for this difference in dislocation substructure. With decreasing casting speed <100> fiber component became weak. Initial texture plays important role on development of <111> fiber texture at drawing and final annealing stages. On the basis of results obtained it is suggested that both the initial texture are important in controlling the texture of gold bonding wire.
44
Du, Yang, and Guo Lin Xu. "The Effects of Cross Cold Rolling Reductions on Microstructure of Ti+P-IF Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 576 (June 2014): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.576.171.
Анотація:
Cold-rolling process is an important stage in Ti+P-IF steel manufacturing process, and cold rolling reduction is a main parameter. The research of recrystallization microstructure change and texture evolution of Ti+P-IF steel in cross cold rolling reductions has important meaning in study of high strong IF steel. In this paper, hot rolled Ti+P-IF steel in austenite was studied, cold rolling reduction was used as the effect factor, The study was carried out on the basis of microstructure observation, TEM analysis and texture measurement. The sizes of the grains within the recrystallization organizations were gradually diminished as the cold rolling reduction increased. At the same time, the second phase particles had showed an aggregated distribution, and there is a rule in the components of the texture that the Goss texture and the Rotating cube texture are transformed intoγtexture evolution rule.
45
Feng, Yun Li, Xue Jing Qi, and Meng Song. "The Influence of Hot Rolling Technological Parameters on Microstructure of Low Temperature Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1841.
Анотація:
The process of hot rolling Fe-3.15% Si steel is simulated by Gleeble-3500 thermal mechanical simulator, the influence of finishing temperature, coiling temperature and cooling rates after rolling on microstructure of Fe-3.15% Si steel are mainly researched, and the influence of hot rolled microstructure on Goss texture, secondary recrystallization and magnetic property are analysed. The results show that the nonuniform microstructures of hot rolled strip play an important role in developing the perfect secondary recrystallization. Fe-3.15% Si steel is rough rolled at 1110°C, finished rolled at 880°C, subsequently cooled to 550°C for coiling at rate of 10°C/s, then air cooled to room temperature. The above mentioned process could produce hot-rolled microstructure which are benefit to formation of Goss texture and the development of perfect secondary recrystallization.
46
Mizera, Jarosław, Bogusława Adamczyk-Cieślak, Piotr Maj, Paweł Wiśniewski, Marcin Drajewicz, and Ryszard Sitek. "Impact of an Aluminization Process on the Microstructure and Texture of Samples of Haynes 282 Nickel Alloy Produced Using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) Technique." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 5108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145108.
Анотація:
In this study, we examined the effects of an aluminization process on the microstructure and texture of Haynes 282 nickel samples fabricated using the direct metal laser sintering technique. The aluminization process involved the use of chemical vapor deposition with AlCl3 vapors in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 1040 °C for 8 h. Following the 3D printing and aluminization steps, we analyzed the microstructure of the Haynes 282 nickel alloy samples using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, we investigated the texture using X-ray diffractometry. A texture analysis revealed that after the process of direct laser sintering of metals, the texture of the Haynes 282 nickel alloy samples developed a texture typical of cast materials. Then, in the aluminization process, the texture was transformed—from foundry-type components to a texture characteristic of recrystallization.
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El-Danaf, Ehab A., Mahmoud S. Soliman, and Abdulhakim A. Almajid. "Texture Manipulation in Commercial Purity Aluminum by Deformation Path Change from ECAP to Plane Strain Compression." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.445.
Анотація:
Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to document the microstructure and texture developed due to cross deformation of commercial purity 1050 aluminum alloy. The materials was first deformed in equal channel angular pressing die (ECAP) to one and two passes, via route BC and then deformed in plane strain compression (PSC) to two axial true plastic strain values of 0.5 and 1.0. The study provides a documentation of the evolution of microstructure parameters namely; cell size, misorientation angle, fraction of submicron grain size and fraction of high angle grain boundaries. These microstructure parameters were investigated on the plane normal to the loading direction in PSC (RD-TD). These microstructure parameters are compared to those achieved due to the ECAP process only. The ideal rolling texture orientations are depicted and crystal orientation maps were generated. The spatial distribution of grains having these orientations are revealed through these maps. The fraction of the main texture components for a 10o spread around the specified orientations is experimentally calculated and a quantitative idea on the evolution of microtexture is presented.
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Raptopoulos, Luciano Santos Constantin, Gilberto Alexandre Castello-Branco, Cristiane Maria Basto Bacaltchuk, Iuliana Dragomir-Cernatescu, and Hamid Garmestani. "Evolution and Prediction of Texture in Commercially Pure Warm Rolled Titanium." Materials Science Forum 758 (June 2013): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.758.99.
Анотація:
Titanium alloys are used in a wide variety of aerospace, energy, industrial and biomedical applications, among other reasons, due to their superior properties. These properties are highly dependent of materials microstructure, i.e. texture, dislocation density and slip system activity. Therefore, in order to be able to design materials with certain properties it is crucial an understanding of the deformation process in terms of microstructural parameters. Microstructure evolution in warm rolled commercially pure titanium was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and modeled with a crystal plasticity self-consistent scheme. Texture measurements and peak profile analysis were used to characterize the deformation texture and evaluate the relative activity of the various slips systems activated during the deformation process. The peak profile analysis data and the self-consistent predictions of texture evolution showed a good agreement with the experimental deformation texture evolution.
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Kim, H. S., Hyo Tae Jeong, Ha Guk Jeong, and Woo Jin Kim. "Grain Refinement and Texture Evolution in AZ31 Alloy during ECAP Process and Their Effects on Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.549.
Анотація:
The softening of fine-grained ECAPed AZ31 Mg alloys could be ascribed to the texture modification during ECAP. Lower ECAP temperature is more effective in refining the microstructure. The strength of the ECAPed AZ 31 Mg alloys increased with decrease in grain size when they have similar texture.
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Zhang, Feng Quan, Zhen Yu Liu, Zhong Han Luo, and Guang Ming Cao. "Experimental Study on the Twin Roll Strip Casting and Warm Rolling Fe-6.5 wt. %Si Steel Sheet." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.48.
Анотація:
An Fe-6.5 wt. % Si steel sheet with a final thickness of 0.30 mm was produced by twin roll strip casting and warm rolling process. The effects of casting, warm rolling and annealing process on microstructure, texture and magnetic properties were investigated with optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurement. The microstructure evolution during preparation was shown as follows: columnar grain and a small amount of fine grain in center (as casted) elongated grains and a small amount of the shear bands along the rolling direction (as rolled) a relatively uniform recrystallized microstructure (as annealed). The texture evolution during preparation was shown as follows: {001} λ fiber texture (as casted) the significant α fiber texture and the weak, inhomogenous γ fiber texture (as warm rolled) the strong {001} λ fiber texture and weak, inhomogenous γ fiber texture (as annealed). The excellent soft magnetic properties were obtained with a very small P1.0/400of 10.751 W/kg and a very high B50up to 1.438 T at optimum annealing condition (1150 °C for 1 h). The research work was useful to develop electrical steel by twin roll continuous casting process.