Статті в журналах: "Effect of nitrogen on"

1

Ladislav, Holík, Rosíková Jana, and Vranová Valerie. "Effect of thinning on the amount of mineral nitrogen." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 7 (August 1, 2018): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5/2018-jfs.

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The soil nitrogen cycle and the dynamics of its transformation are closely related to the functioning of the forest ecosystem. This cycle, and the availability of nitrogen as a necessary nutrient in the soil, can be influenced by the process of thinning. The aim of this study is to describe the impact of silvicultural measures on the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in forest soil. Attention is paid to the organic (spruce treatments) and organomineral horizon (beech treatments) in which the transformation of soil nitrogen is most pronounced. Spruce treatments at the Rájec-Němčice area and beech stands at the Březina area, both in the region of Drahanská vrchovina (Czech Republic), were selected for the experiments. Two variants of thinning thinning from below and thinning from above, were performed in the spruce treatments, and thinning from above was performed in the beech treatments. Control variants with no silvicultural measures were defined in both treatments. The amount of ammonium nitrogen in the spruce treatments with thinning from above was in most cases higher than in the other variants. On the contrary, in variant with thinning from below, the ammonium nitrogen content decreased. In terms of the nitrate nitrogen content, the values were generally higher for variants with silvicultural measures than for the control variants. In the beech treatments, the amount of ammonium nitrogen increased and, on the contrary, there was a small decrease in the amount of nitrate nitrogen due to the effect of thinning from above. The differences between thinning from above and the control variants in the beech treatments were less noticeable than in the spruce treatments. Overall, however, it can be said that the nitrogen content available to the vegetation increased. The results of the given experiment provide insight into the trends of nitrogen mineralization intensity in stands in which silvicultural measures are performed.

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Dahiwade, Suchita, Dr A. O. Ingle Dr. A. O. Ingle, and Dr S. R. Wate Dr. S. R. Wate. "Effect of Nitrogen Sources on the AZO Dye Decolourization." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/143.

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Mariotti, M., A. Masoni, L. Ercoli, and I. Arduini. "Nitrogen leaching and residual effect of barley/field bean intercropping." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 2 (June 6, 2016): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/832/2014-pse.

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Haberle, J., P. Svoboda, and I. Raimanová. "The effect of post-anthesis water supply on grain nitrogen concentration and grain nitrogen Šeld of winter wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 7 (July 17, 2008): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/422-pse.

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The effect of water supply during grain growth on grain nitrogen concentration (GNC) and grain nitrogen yield (GNY) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the field experiment on fertile loamy-clay soil in years 2004–2007. The water regime was differentiated using mobile rain shelter (water shortage, treatment S) and drip irrigation (ample water supply, treatment W); rain-fed crop served as the control treatment (R). Wheat was grown without addition of nitrogen and with 200 kg N/ha (N0 and N1, resp.). The effect of water supply on GNC was highly significant (P < 0.001) in fertilized wheat and not significant in N0. Drought significantly increased GNC in comparison with irrigated and rain-fed crop in N1. Average grain nitrogen concentrations in respective treatments S, R and W were 1.52, 1.54 and 1.56% in N0 and 2.50, 2.24 and 2.07% in N1. Water availability also significantly affected grain nitrogen yield (P < 0.01). The GNY of fertilized wheat under water shortage was significantly lower (139 kg/ha) than GNY in treatments R (174 kg/ha) and W (182 kg/ha) while under N0 the differences were not significant. Unlike GNC, the GNY was positively associated with mineral N supply (Nmin) in 0–90 cm depth in early spring (r = 0.98–0.99 and 0.83–0.97 for N0 and N1, resp.). Several weather and related characteristics showed relations to GNY and GNC, often opposite under N0 and N1. Nmin together with nitrogen fertilization rate, indicators of water regime and temperature during grain growth period explained 78–97% of observed variability of GNC and GNY in the experiment.

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Wicaksono, Adit Rizky, Yuni Kusumastuti, and Jaka Widada. "The Effect of Polyurethane Multilayer Coating on Nitrogen Release from Controlled Release Fertilizer." Key Engineering Materials 928 (August 16, 2022): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-mam171.

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Nitrogen-based fertilizers are widely consumed to increase productivity since they play an essential role in plant growth. Common commercial fertilizers contain “mobile” nitrogens that can be easily transformed into other nitrogen compounds. The approach method to decrease nitrogen loss is called controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), which is done by modifying fertilizers with coating inhibitors such as polyurethane to provide surface resistance that inhibits nutrient release. Multilayer coating is one of the alternatives to minimize the risk of losing nitrogen content from granular fertilizer. This research will focus on the study of nitrogen release on the CRF modified by various polyurethane coating concentrations (6%, 8%, and 10%). The study was conducted by planting maize plants in a pot inside a greenhouse for nine weeks, followed by a nitrogen release test using a percolator. The morphology of final coating products was observed with scanning electron microscopy, while the mechanical properties and water content were measured with crushing strength test and water stability test. Three weeks after testing, polyurethane can reduce above 60% nitrogen release compared to uncoated fertilizer. After nine weeks since the maizes were planted, the nitrogen release will compare between inside the percolators’ simulation chambers and pot test to see the effect of polyurethane composition with nitrogen release pattern. The results show that the effective composition of polyurethane in CRF products is maximum at 8%w/w with nitrogen released above 75%. Keywords: controlled-release fertilizer, polyurethane multilayer coating, nitrogen release

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TABAYASHI, Yu. "Effect of Nitrogen Deposition in Forested Watersheds: Nitrogen Saturation and Nitrogen Runoff." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 132, no. 6 (December 25, 2023): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.132.451.

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Kołodziejczyk, M. "Effect of nitrogen fertilization and microbial preparations on potato yielding." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 8 (August 10, 2014): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7565-pse.

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The effect of nitrogen fertilization and microbial preparations on yielding and development of potato tuber yield components were assessed in field experiments conducted under soil conditions of Luvic Chernozem. The factors of the experiment were nitrogen fertilization levels: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha and the following preparations: BactoFil B10, effective microorganisms and UGmax soil fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilization caused a significant increase in marketable yield of potato tubers. Yield increments on individual fertilizer treatments ranged from 66% to 140%. An evident effect of this factor was also visible regarding the yield components values. Increase in the number of main stems per 1 m2 under the influence of growing nitrogen doses occurred from the fertilization level 120 kg N/ha, whereas the number of tubers per 1 stem increased only to the level of 60 kg N/ha. Each nitrogen dose applied within the range to 180 kg N/ha caused a marked increase in an average tuber weight. Conducted investigations demonstrated an unfavourable effect of microbial preparations on the marketable crop yield of tubers and formation of yield components. On the objects where microbial preparations were applied, the marketable yield was lower by 1.5 to 2.3 t/ha than in the control. Analysis of linear regression revealed occurrence of significant dependencies between the total tuber yield and the values of individual yield components. The relationships were the most visible for an average tuber weight formation as evidenced by the value of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.983).

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8

Svoboda, P., and J. Haberle. "The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root distribution of winter wheat." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No, 7 (November 17, 2011): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3446-pse.

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The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root length (RL) distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozemic soil in the years 1996–2003. Two (N0, N1) and three (N0, N1, N2) treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg N/ha (N2) were studied in 1996–2000 and 2001–2003, respectively. Nitrogen rate 100 kg/ha had no effect on RL in soil layers (P > 0.1) in years 1996–2000 and 2002–2003 and there was not significant interaction between N treatment and soil layer except for year 1998 (P < 0.01). Nitrogen fertilization affected RL distribution significantly (P = 0.013) only in 2001 due to reduction of root growth in subsoil layers in treatment N2 (200 kg N/ha) in comparison with N0 and N1. The effect of N fertilization on total RL in rooted soil volume was insignificant. There was a significant effect of year on total RL (P < 0.01) but not of interaction of year and N treatment. Roots reached, with the exception of two years, the depth between 100 and 130 cm. Nitrogen fertilization (N1) had no effect (P = 0.59) on rooting depth (RD) in years 1996–2000 but there was a significant effect of interaction between year and N fertilization on RD (P < 0.01). In the second experimental series (2001–2003) N fertilization rate 200 kg N/ha significantly reduced maximum RD (P < 0.01) in comparison with N0 and N1. The year had highly significant effect on RD.

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9

Lu, Yawen, Xiang Liu, Fei Chen, and Shurong Zhou. "Shifts in plant community composition weaken the negative effect of nitrogen addition on community-level arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1927 (May 27, 2020): 20200483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0483.

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Nitrogen addition affects plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) association greatly. However, although the direct effect of nitrogen addition on AMF colonization has received investigation, its indirect effect through shifts in plant community composition has never been quantified. Based on a 7-year nitrogen addition experiment in an alpine meadow of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, we investigated the effects of nitrogen addition on plant community, AMF diversity and colonization, and disentangled the direct and indirect effects of nitrogen addition on community AMF colonization. At plant species level, nitrogen addition significantly decreased root colonization rate and altered AMF community composition, but with no significant effect on AMF richness. At plant community level, plant species richness and AMF colonization rate decreased with nitrogen addition. Plant species increasing in abundance after nitrogen addition were those with higher AMF colonization rates in natural conditions, resulting in an increased indirect effect induced by alternation in plant community composition with nitrogen addition, whereas the direct effect was negative and decreased with nitrogen addition. Overall, we illustrate the effect of nitrogen addition and plant species in influencing the AMF diversity, demonstrate how shifts in plant community composition (indirect effect) weaken the negative direct effect of nitrogen addition on community-level AMF colonization rate, and emphasize the importance of plant community-mediated mechanisms in regulating ecosystem functions.

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Lindquist, John L., Sean P. Evans, Charles A. Shapiro, and Stevan Z. Knezevic. "Effect of Nitrogen Addition and Weed Interference on Soil Nitrogen and Corn Nitrogen Nutrition." Weed Technology 24, no. 1 (March 2010): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-09-070.1.

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Weeds cause crop loss indirectly by reducing the quantity of resources available for growth. Quantifying the effects of weed interference on nitrogen (N) supply, crop growth, and N nutrition may assist in making both N and weed management decisions. Experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of N addition and weed interference on soil nitrate-N (NO3-N) over time and the dependence of corn growth on NO3-N availability, determine the corn N nutrition index (NNI) at anthesis, and evaluate if relative chlorophyll content can be utilized as a reliable predictor of NNI. Urea was applied at 0, 60, and 120 kg N/ha to establish N treatments. Season-long weedy, weed-free, and five weed interference treatments were established by delaying weed control from time of crop planting to the V3, V6, V9, V15, or R1 stages of corn development. Soil NO3-N ranged from 20 kg N/ha without N addition to 98 kg N/ha with 120 kg N/ha added early in the season, but crop and weed growth reduced soil NO3-N to 10 kg N/ha by corn anthesis. Weed presence reduced soil NO3-N by up to 50%. Average available NO3-N explained 29 to 40% of the variation in corn shoot mass at maturity. Weed interference reduced corn biomass and NNI by 24 to 69%. Lack of N also reduced corn NNI by 13 to 46%, but reduced corn biomass by only 11 to 23%. Nondestructive measures of relative chlorophyll content predicted corn NNI with 65 to 85% accuracy. Although weed competition for factors other than N may be the major contributor to corn biomass reduction, the chlorophyll meter was a useful diagnostic tool for assessing the overall negative effects of weeds on corn productivity. Further research could develop management practices to guide supplemental N applications in response to weed competition.

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11

Dawson, James S., and Jonathan G. Hardman. "Nitrous Oxide or Nitrogen Effect." Anesthesiology 108, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181650e7a.

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12

Nathawat, N. S., M. S. Kuhad, C. L. Goswami, A. L. Patel, and Rakesh Kumar. "Nitrogen-Metabolizing Enzymes: Effect of Nitrogen Sources and Saline Irrigation." Journal of Plant Nutrition 28, no. 6 (June 2005): 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pln-200058911.

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13

Feng, Y., T. Ning, Z. Li, B. Han, H. Han, Y. Li, T. Sun, and X. Zhang. "Effects of tillage practices and rate of nitrogen fertilization on crop yield and soil carbon and nitrogen." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 3 (March 19, 2014): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/820/2013-pse.

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We conducted field experiments since 2006 to determine the effect of tillage practices and rate of nitrogen fertilization on soil properties and crop yield. Four tillage practices and five N rates were used. The results showed that the year-round total yield of wheat and maize under harrow tillage (HT) and rotary tillage (RT) was not significantly different from that of conventional tillage (CT, moldboard tillage) but was higher than that of no-tillage (NT). Reduced tillage (HT and RT) with straw returned and rate of nitrogen (157.5 kg/ha for wheat and 202.5 kg/ha N for maize) were suitable to increase the yield and adjust the soil carbon and nitrogen situation for the winter wheat-summer maize cropping system.

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Jackson, G. D., G. D. Kushnak, R. K. Berg, and G. R. Carlson. "Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no‐till small grains: Plant nitrogen relationships." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 23, no. 17-20 (November 1992): 2425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629209368748.

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Thomas, R. J., and M. Hungria. "Effect of potassium on nitrogen fixation, nitrogen transport, and nitrogen harvest index of bean." Journal of Plant Nutrition 11, no. 2 (February 1988): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904168809363794.

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Alcoz, Mercedes M., Frank M. Hons, and Vincent A. Haby. "Nitrogen Fertilization Timing Effect on Wheat Production, Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency, and Residual Soil Nitrogen." Agronomy Journal 85, no. 6 (November 1993): 1198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060020x.

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17

Potarzycki, J. "Effect of magnesium or zinc supplementation at the background of nitrogen rate on nitrogen management by maize canopy cultivated in monoculture." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 1 (January 14, 2011): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2010-pse.

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In five consecutive growth seasons from 2003 to 2007 a response of maize variety Eurostar (var. FAO 240) to supply of NPK fertilizer supplemented with magnesium or zinc was investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of zinc (NPK + Zn) or magnesium (NPK + Mg) in controlling nitrogen management by maize crop fertilized with 80 and 140 kg N/ha. In the course of the study, total grain nitrogen content did not show any response to both experimental factors and weather variability, as well. However, the obtained results indicate, that magnesium and zinc have significantly increased SPAD (chlorophyll index) indices of maize cob leaf at anthesis. A significant effect of both factors interaction on nitrogen accumulation in grain and cob covering leaves was noted, but limited to the 80 kg N/ha treatment. The physiological role of Mg and Zn in nitrogen management was most manifested throughout its greater recovery from nitrogen fertilizer applied at the rate 80 kg N/ha, amounting to 92 and 94% respectively; for the NPK, it was only 78%.

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Yang, L., W. Cao, K. Thorup-Kristensen, J. Bai, S. Gao, and D. Chang. "Effect of Orychophragmus violaceus incorporation on nitrogen uptake in succeeding maize." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 6 (June 6, 2016): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/178/2015-pse.

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Kumar, Dhiraj, and Md Anzer Alam. "Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Lipase Production Activity of Fungi." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 5 (May 5, 2024): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24504230940.

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Qiu, Haonan, Shihong Yang, Zewei Jiang, Yi Xu, and Xiyun Jiao. "Effect of Irrigation and Fertilizer Management on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Loss: A Meta-Analysis." Plants 11, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11131690.

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Irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application are two important factors affecting yield and nitrogen loss in rice fields; however, the interaction effects of different irrigation schedules and combined management of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and nitrogen loss in rice fields remain unknown. Therefore, we collected 327 sets of data on rice yield and 437 sets of data on nitrogen loss in rice fields from 2000 to 2021 and investigated the effects of different water-saving irrigation schedules, nitrogen application levels, and water–nitrogen couplings on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen loss (N2O emissions, nitrogen runoff, nitrogen leaching, and ammonia volatilization) by meta-analysis using conventional flooding irrigation and no nitrogen treatment as controls. The results showed that alternate wet and dry irrigation and controlled irrigation had increasing effects on rice yield. Alternate wet and dry irrigation had a significant yield-increasing effect (average 2.57% increase) and dry cultivation significantly reduced rice yield with an average 21.25% yield reduction. Water-saving irrigation reduces nitrogen runoff and leaching losses from rice fields but increases N2O emissions, and alternate wet and dry irrigation has a significant effect on increasing N2O emissions, with an average increase of 67.77%. Most water-saving irrigation can increase nitrogen use efficiency. Among water-saving irrigation methods, the effect of controlled irrigation on increasing nitrogen use efficiency is 1.06%. Rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency both showed a trend of increasing then decreasing with nitrogen fertilizer application, and nitrogen loss gradually increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer input. Water–nitrogen coupling management can significantly reduce nitrogen loss in rice fields while saving water and increasing yield. Based on the analysis of the data in this study, when the irrigation amount was 300~350 mm and the nitrogen application amount was 200~250 kg/ha, the rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency were at a high level, which corresponded to the irrigation schedule of controlled irrigation or alternating wet and dry irrigation in the literature. However, different rice-growing areas are affected by rainfall and land capability, etc. Further optimization and correction of the adapted water and fertilizer management system for paddy fields are needed. The optimal water–nitrogen pattern of this study can achieve high rice yield and reduce nitrogen loss.

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Ducsay, L., and O. Ložek. "Effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 7 (December 10, 2011): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4037-pse.

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Small-plot field experiments were established in the first decade of October at the Plant Breeding Station of Sládkovičovo-Nový dvor with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Astella. There was investigated an effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat grain and its quality characteristics in the experiment. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6th leaf (Zadoks = 29). Soil of the experimental stand was analysed for inorganic nitrogen content (Nan) down to the depth of 0.6 m of soil profile. Productive nitrogen fertilizing rate was computed to ensure Nan content in soil on the level of 120 and140 kg N/ha, respectively. Three various forms of fertilizers were examined, urea solution, ammonium nitrate with dolomite, and DAM-390. Different weather conditions statistically highly, significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen caused a statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.35 to +0.82 t/ha according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilised control variant represented 7.23 t/ha. Nitrogen nutrition showed a positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing to the level of 140 kg/ha N in soil positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant 5 (solution of urea) representing +12.8 and +10.7%, respectively in comparison to control unfertilised variant as well as to variant 2 (solution of urea and fertilizing on the level of120 kg N/ha) where increments represented +8.8 and 9.7%, respectively. Thousand-kernel weight, volume weight and portion of the first class grain were not markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizing.

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Jones, J. Benton. "Nitrogen Fertilization." HortScience 22, no. 4 (August 1987): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.4.532.

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Abstract In the Feb. 1987 issue of HortScience 22:34-36, I was interested in the paper by Charles A. Mullins entitled “Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Production of Mechanically Harvested Snap Beans”. However, I found that two very important items of significance were not given: The form of N applied was not given. It would be assumed that the N fertilizer was applied at seeding, although this was not specifically indicated. The form of N can have a marked effect on the response of snap bean to applied N. Soil-testing information was given, but no identification of the method of extraction. Therefore, the values reported are meaningless without knowing how the test result was obtained. Such details are significant if the reader is to use the findings reported.

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Zhang, X., G. Huang, X. Bian, and Q. Zhao. "Effects of root interaction and nitrogen fertilization on the chlorophyll content, root activity, photosynthetic characteristics of intercropped soybean and microbial quantity in the rhizosphere." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 2 (January 15, 2013): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/613/2012-pse.

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A pot experiment using root separation technique was conducted to further understand the effect of root interaction played in intercropping system under different nitrogen levels. The results showed that root interaction and increasing nitrogen application increased the green leaf area per plant and chlorophyll content of soybean, but their effects gradually decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization level. Root interaction and increasing nitrogen application can improve photosynthetic characteristics of soybean, but root interaction only had a significant effect under low nitrogen level. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and Azotobacteria was also obviously affected by root interaction and nitrogen fertilization, and the number of Azotobacteria presented a changing trend of first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization level. Root interaction and increasing nitrogen application improved soybean yield and its components, but their effects gradually decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization level. The root activity of soybean was obviously affected by root interaction, and was significantly positively correlated with green leaf area per plant, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and economic yield per plant. Our results indicate that the advantage effect of root interaction and increasing nitrogen application will be partially inhibited with an increasing nitrogen fertilization level.

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Forse, R. Armor, David H. Elwyn, Jeffrey Askanazi, Mary Iles, Yvonne Schwarz, and John M. Kinney. "Effects of glucose on nitrogen balance during high nitrogen intake in malnourished patients." Clinical Science 78, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0780273.

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1. The effects of increasing glucose intake on nitrogen balance, energy expenditure and fuel utilization were measured in 12 malnourished adult patients receiving parenteral nutrition with constant, very high nitrogen intake (500 mg of N/kg), high (105 kJ/kg) or low (30 kJ/kg) glucose intake and constant fat intake (7 kJ/kg). Each patient received each diet for 8-day periods in random order. 2. Energy balance and nitrogen balance were determined daily. Blood samples, taken at admission, during 5% (w/v) dextrose (D-glucose) infusion and at the end of days 7 and 8 of each diet, were analysed for urea, glucose, lactate, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin and glucagon. 3. The effect of increasing glucose intake was to increase nitrogen balance by 0.60 ± 0.25 (sem) mg/kJ. At zero energy balance, nitrogen balance was 48 mg day−1 kg−1. This confirms findings of previous studies: that the effects of glucose on nitrogen balance are greater at high than at low nitrogen intakes, and that, in malnourished patients, unlike in normal adults, markedly positive nitrogen balance can be achieved at zero or negative energy balances. 4. Changes in nitrogen balance were due almost entirely to changes in urea excretion. 5. The high nitrogen intake markedly increased plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations and reduced glycerol, fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, independent of any glucose effect. Glucagon concentrations were significantly decreased by added glucose intake, an effect not previously seen at low nitrogen intakes. At this high nitrogen intake, the effects of added glucose appear to be mediated by both insulin and glucagon. 6. Unlike the effects at low nitrogen intakes, added glucose caused no increase in energy expenditure (thermogenesis) or creatinine excretion, and almost no increase in glycogen stores.

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Sedlář, O., J. Balík, J. Černý, L. Peklová, and K. Kubešová. "Dynamics of the nitrogen uptake by spring barley at injection application of nitrogen fertilizers ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 9 (September 5, 2013): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/76/2013-pse.

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Influence of CULTAN system (controlled uptake long term ammonium nutrition) on the nitrogen uptake by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was observed at 5-year small-plot field experiments under conditions of the Czech Republic (central Europe). Nitrogen uptake by CULTAN-fertilized plants was more even during vegetation period probably due to delayed term of fertilizer application. Nitrogen concentration in the aboveground biomass at BBCH 51 and in straw had no effect on grain yield. Post-heading nitrogen uptake as well as contribution of nitrogen translocation to total nitrogen in grain did not differ among both nitrogen fertilization treatments. Increase in grain size of spring barley by the CULTAN system can be explained by tendency to lower number of ears per area rather than by prolonged nitrogen uptake from soil. Lower protein content in grain of CULTAN-fertilized spring barley can be caused by increase in grain retained on a 2.5 mm sieve and also decrease in total nitrogen concentration in above-ground biomass at BBCH 51. No significant effect of CULTAN treatment on nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency was recorded. Significantly higher nitrogen utilization efficiency at CULTAN treatment could be explained by lower grain protein content compared to conventional treatment.

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Carreres, R., R. González Tomé, J. Sendra, R. Ballesteros, E. Fernández Valiente, A. Quesada, M. Nieva, and F. Leganés. "Effect of nitrogen rates on rice growth and biological nitrogen fixation." Journal of Agricultural Science 127, no. 3 (November 1996): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960007845x.

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SUMMARYThe effect of different rates (0–140 kg/ha) of nitrogen fertilizers on soil cyanobacteria and rice crop performance were studied in a rice-cropping system on an alkaline Fluvent soil at Valencia, Spain, during three consecutive crop seasons (1990–92). The results showed that the rice fields of Valencia favour the development of N2-fixing cyanobacteria. Nitrogen fixation varied during the cultivation cycle, reaching its highest values at the maximum tillering stage, 5–6 weeks after sowing, and showed a positive correlation with the abundance of cyanobacteria and a negative correlation with the amount of N fertilizers used. Grain yield increased with increasing amounts of N fertilizers up to 70 kg N/ha. N rates appeared to affect grain yield by causing variations in the number of panicles/m2. Leaf chlorophyll readings at the end of the tillering stage were positively correlated with the number of panicles/m2, suggesting that it could be a useful parameter for predicting productivity. There was a significant increase in the N uptake of the rice but a decrease in the apparent N recovery and Nuse efficiency of applied fertilizer N, with the application of increasing rates of N fertilizer. In all instances, except in plots fertilized with 140 kg N/ha, the amount of N removed by plants was significantly higher than that applied as N fertilizer. The differences were positively correlated with the values for N fixation, suggesting a significant contribution by N fixation to rice production. These results show that a rational use of biological N fixation, in combination with inorganic N fertilization, would permit the input of N fertilizers to be reduced by c. 50% without any significant loss of productivity and with an ecological benefit for the whole ecosystem.

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Tei, F., P. Benincasa, and M. Guiducci. "EFFECT OF NITROGEN AVAILABILITY ON GROWTH AND NITROGEN UPTAKE IN LETTUCE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 533 (June 2000): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.533.47.

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Tripolskaja, Liudmila, and Ingrida Verbylienė. "The effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen leaching." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 101, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2014.101.031.

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Shin, Donggil, and Youngmin Kim. "Effect of Liquified Nitrogen Pumping Pressure on Liqiufied Nitrogen Engine Performance." Journal of Energy Engineering 30, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2021.30.3.045.

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30

Ciecko, Z., S. Kalesa, M. Wyszkowski, and E. Rolka. "The effect of elevated cadmium content in soil on the uptake of nitrogen by plants." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 7 (December 10, 2011): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4034-pse.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cadmium (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd/kg of soil) contamination in soil with the application of different substances (compost, brown coal, lime and bentonite) on the intake of nitrogen by some plants. The correlations between the nitrogen content in the plants and the cadmium concentration in the soil, as well as the plant yield and the content of micro- and macroelements in the plants were determined. Plant species and cadmium dose determined the effects of soil contamination with cadmium on the content of nitrogen. Large doses of cadmium caused an increase in nitrogen content in the Avena sativa straw and roots and in the Zea mays roots. Soil contamination with cadmium resulted in a decrease of nitrogen content in the Avena sativa grain, in above-ground parts and roots of the Lupinus luteus, in the above-ground parts of the Zea mays and in the above-ground parts and roots of Phacelia tanacaetifolia. Among the experimental different substances, the application of bentonite had the strongest and a usually negative effect on the nitrogen content in plants. The greatest effect of bentonite was on Avena sativa grain, above-ground parts Zea mays and Lupinus luteus and Phacelia tanacaetifolia. The content of nitrogen in the plants was generally positively correlated with the content of the macroelements and some of the microelements, regardless of the substances added to the soil.

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Beres, Juraj, David Becka, Jaroslav Tomasek, and Jan Vasak. "Effect of autumn nitrogen fertilization on winter oilseed rape growth and yield parameters." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 9 (October 9, 2019): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/444/2019-pse.

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Autumn fertilization of winter oilseed rape with nitrogen was monitored in exactly delimited small field experiment in the period of 2013/14–2015/16. The cultivar used was DK Exstorm, sowing amount: 50 seeds/m2 and fertilizer applied in autumn was Ureastabil – granulated urea with urease inhibitor (NBPT). The application period was at the end of October, doses 40 and 80 kg N/ha. Research results confirmed a statistically important effect of autumn fertilization on growth of the above-ground biomass and roots. Statistically important effect on seed yield was confirmed, too. The dose of 40 kg N/ha resulted in the highest seed yield, on average by 10.6% higher than reference (5.7–6.5 t/ha). On the other hand, the dose of 80 kg N/ha increased the seed yield only by 7.4% on average (5.4–6.3 t/ha).Fertilization effects on the oil content and one thousand seeds’ weight were statistically insignificant. The results show that considering the given local and weather conditions and low mineral nitrogen content in the soil, the most suitable nitrogen dose for autumn fertilization is 40 kg N/ha. This dose follows the nitrate directive rules, supports oilseed rape strengthening before winter and intensifies it for better seed yield.

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32

Jingang, Liang, Luan Ying, Jiao Yue, Sun Shi, Wu Cunxiang, Wu Haiying, Zhang Mingrong, Zhang Haifeng, Zheng Xiaobo, and Zhang Zhengguang. "High-methionine soybean has no significant effect on nitrogen-transforming bacteria in rhizosphere soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 3 (March 21, 2018): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/750/2017-pse.

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Transgenic plants may induce shifts in the microbial community composition that in turn alter microbially-mediated nutrient cycling in soil. Studies of how specific microbial groups respond to genetically modified (GM) planting help predict potential impacts upon processes performed by these groups. This study investigated the effect of transgenic high-methionine soybean cv. ZD91 on nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial populations. A difference in nitrogen-fixing or ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community composition was not found, suggesting that cv. ZD91 does not alter the bacterial populations in rhizosphere soil. This study increases our understanding of the potential effect of transgenic soybean on microbial functional groups within soil by suggesting that nitrogen-transforming bacteria may be useful for future investigations on the GM crops impact in the soil ecosystem.

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Mol-Dijkstra, J. P., and H. Kros. "Modelling effects of acid deposition and climate change on soil and run-off chemistry at Risdalsheia, Norway." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2001): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-487-2001.

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Abstract. Elevated carbon dioxide levels, caused by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and higher temperature may lead to increased plant growth and uptake of nitrogen, but increased temperature may lead to increased nitrogen mineralisation causing enhanced nitrogen leaching. The overall result of both counteracting effects is largely unknown. To gain insight into the long-term effects, the geochemical model SMART2 was applied using data from the catchment-scale experiments of the RAIN and CLIMEX projects, conducted on boreal forest ecosystems at Risdalsheia, southern Norway. These unique experiments at the ecosystem scale provide information on the short-term effects and interactions of nitrogen deposition and increased temperature and carbon dioxide on carbon and nitrogen cycling and especially the run-off chemistry. To predict changes in soil processes in response to climate change, the model was extended by including the temperature effect on mineralisation, nitrification, denitrification, aluminium dissolution and mineral weathering. The extended model was tested on the two manipulated catchments at Risdalsheia and long-term effects were evaluated by performing long-time runs. The effects of climate change treatment, which resulted in increased nitrogen fluxes at both catchments, were slightly overestimated by SMART2. The temperature dependency of mineralisation was simulated adequately but the temperature effect on nitrification was slightly overestimated. Monitored changes in base cation concentrations and pH were quite well simulated with SMART2. The long-term simulations indicate that the increase in nitrogen run-off is only a temporary effect; in the long-term, no effect on total nitrogen leaching is predicted. At higher deposition levels the temporary increase in nitrogen leaching lasts longer than at low deposition. Contrary to nitrogen leaching, temperature increase leads to a permanent decrease in aluminium concentrations and pH. Keywords: elevated carbon dioxide, temperature, forest ecosystem, modelling, nitrogen run-off.

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34

Atanasova, E. "Effect of nitrogen sources on the nitrogenous forms and accumulation of amino acid in head cabbage." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 2 (February 7, 2008): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/438-pse.

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The effect of two different nitrogen sources: ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate, applied at increased rates, on the content of the total nitrogen, protein and non-protein nitrogen, and the content and composition of amino acids in head cabbage leaves was studied. The higher nitrogen accumulation was established at the ammonium nitrate fertilization compared to the calcium nitrate, but the application of Ca(NO3)2 resulted in a higher content of nitrate nitrogen. More protein nitrogen was also observed in plants with Ca(NO3)2 fertilization. The highest applied fertilizer rate of ammonium nitrate resulted in a significant reduction of the protein nitrogen compared to increased free amino acids. The total content of amino acids increased gradually with the increase of nitrogen rates in plants fertilized with NH4NO3. When Ca(NO3)2 was applied, nitrogen rates higher than 500 mg/kg soil suppressed the synthesis of amino acids. A greater increase was observed as regards the levels of arginine, proline and some essential amino acids as lysine, phenylalanine and histidine. The increase of proline and alanine could serve as an indicator for unbalanced nitrogen nutrition.

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35

Neuberg, M., D. Pavlíková, M. Pavlík, and J. Balík. "The effect of different nitrogen nutrition on proline and asparagine content in plant." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 7 (July 14, 2010): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/47/2010-pse.

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Mixture of plants (Festulolium: Trifolium pretense L.) was grown in the pot experiment with different forms of nitrogen nutrition. The fertilizers (ammonium sulphate or calcium nitrate or ammonium nitrate) were applied conventionally or according to the CULTAN method (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition). The absolute growth rate (AGR) and contents of free asparagine and proline in the aboveground biomass were determined. Additional nitrogen increased the dry weight of biomass and AGR of the plants treated with sidedress application in comparison with plants treated with the CULTAN method. The results suggest increased levels of free proline in CULTAN-treated plants while those of asparagine did not increase. The significance of these observations to the loss of potential yield and the relationship between methods of application is considered.

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36

Fallahi, Somaye, and Peyman Sharifi. "Effect of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Nitrogen Rate on Yield and Growth of Common Bean." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 3 (2020): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068030491.

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To study the effects of nitrogen (N) rate and co-inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium phaseoli) on common bean, an experiment was performed in Rasht, Iran. Common bean genotype, Guilanian landrace, was planted in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates on April, 15th in 2014. The first and second factors were nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg.ha-1 as urea) and Rhizobium phaseoli (inoculation and un-inoculation), respectively. Nitrogen had significant effect on seed yield and plant height. The effect of Rhizobium phaseoli was significant on seed yield, plant height, pod length, pods per plant, seeds per pod and nitrogen content in leaf. Interaction effects of nitrogen and Rhizobium phaseoli were not significant on any of the traits. Application of 60 kg.ha-1 nitrogen significantly improved seed yield, plant height and number of pods per plant. Nitrogen supply beyond the 60 kg.ha-1 decreased plant height, pods per plant and seed yield. The greatest values of seed yield (1635 kg.ha-1), plant height (30.01 cm), pod length (13.19 cm), number of pods per plant (6.7), number of seeds per pod (4.34) and nitrogen content in leaf (4.12%) was observed in inoculation treatment. The results indicated the inoculation of common bean seeds by Rhizobium phaseoli improved the plant growth, productivity and quality. Therefore, the common bean inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli is suitable to achieve the yield potential and reduce the adverse effects of environmental and may be recommended due to its advantages in terms of reduced application of nitrogen fertilizer.

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37

Shiraishi, Kensuke, Hiroshi Itoh, and Yasushi Aoki. "Nitrogen-Ion Irradiation Effect on Ba2YCu3O7Superconductor." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 30, Part 2, No. 1A (January 1, 1991): L25—L27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.30.l25.

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Myers, Robert L. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect on Grain Amaranth." Agronomy Journal 90, no. 5 (September 1998): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050005x.

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39

Rezende, Vanessa Theodoro, Thierry Bonaudo, Ricardo Barboza Alves, Rafael Araújo Nacimento, and Augusto Hauber Gameiro. "Cascade Effect of Nitrogen on Brazilian Soybean Production Chain." Nitrogen 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen2020009.

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Soybean is one of the most traded products. Naturally, soy fixes nitrogen through biological symbiosis. Its cultivation transforms natural inert atomic nitrogen into its reactive forms. The advancement of soybean can have environmental impacts, both locally and globally. This study estimated nitrogen flows and their use efficiency in the Brazilian soybean production chain applying material flow analysis. We innovate proposing a new indicator to estimate the “cascade effect of nitrogen” in a framework of 12 years (2007 to 2019). We hypothesized that it is capable to show accumulated nitrogen emissions through the chain. Besides, the method can show the main sources of nitrogen to the environment. The biological fixation was the largest entry. The efficiency in the use of nitrogen was 81% for grain production, and the nitrogen cascade indicator, which represents the ratio of the nitrogen emission in the environment to the total nitrogen available in the product, was only 5.2% in the soybean meal production chain for the year of 2019, with a clear trend of increasing during the period. Thus, Brazil contributes significantly to global nitrogen emissions in the environment since the country is an important producer and player in the world market.

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40

Soon, Y. K., and S. S. Malhi. "Soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by landscape position and nitrogen fertilizer." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-072.

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The influence o f landscape position on the dynamics of N in the soil-plant system has not been adequately studied. Our aim with this study on a predominantly Black Chernozem soil was to evaluate the effect of slope position (upper vs. lower) and N fertilizer application (none vs. 60 kg N ha-1) on soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N through the growing season. Landscape position had a dominant effect on soil NO3− and soluble organic N (SON) concentrations, especially in the surface 15 cm. These pools of soil N and net N mineralization were greater at the lower than at the upper slope position. The landscape effect is attributed to higher organic matter content (as measured by organic C) and water availability in lower compared with upper slope positions. Nitrogen application had no measurable effect on soil NO3− and SON concentrations. Exchangeable and non-exchangeable NH4+ were little affected by slope position or N fertilization. Nitrogen application increased wheat N uptake; however, its influence was less than that of slope position, especially on N accumulation in wheat heads during grain-filling. Although N application increased wheat yields, landscape position exerted the greater influence: grain yield was less on upper than lower slope positions due to earlier onset of crop maturity. During grain filling, net N mineralization was suppressed at the upper slope position and by N application. The increase in crop yield and N uptake due to N application was not significantly different between slope positions. This study demonstrated that landscape position had a greater influence on N dynamics and availability than the application of typical amounts of fertilizer N and that the two effects were mostly independent of each other. Key words: Available N, landscape position, N uptake, net N mineralization, soluble organic N

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41

Kučová, L., J. Záhora, and R. Pokluda. "Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation of leek Allium porrum L. on mineral nitrogen leaching." Horticultural Science 43, No. 4 (October 31, 2016): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/182/2015-hortsci.

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42

Dostálová, Y., L. Hřivna, B. Kotková, I. Burešová, M. Janečková, and V. Šottníková. "Effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on the quality of barley protein." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 9 (June 6, 2016): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/262/2015-pse.

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43

Yonghong Gu, Yonghong Gu, Congzhong Cai Congzhong Cai, Qing Feng Qing Feng, and Yanhua Li Yanhua Li. "Spectrum redshift effect of anatase TiO2 codoped with nitrogen and first transition elements." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 9 (2014): 091602–91608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.091602.

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44

Honghui, Sang, Jiao Xiyun, Wang Shufang, Guo Weihua, Salahou Mohamed Khaled, and Liu Kaihua. "Effects of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer level on tillering, nitrogen uptake and utilization of early rice." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 7 (June 21, 2018): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/240/2018-pse.

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In order to clarify the response characteristics of tillering and nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization under micro-nano bubble aeration irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer level, the nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics, tillering and yield of early rice under different irrigation methods and nitrogen levels were investigated. The results showed that micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer have substantial influence on tillering of early rice, and the effect of N fertilizer was greater than the effect of oxygen. Nitrogen accumulation increased by 6.75–10.79% in micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation treatment compared with the conventional irrigation. The application of N in treatment of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and 160 kg N/ha fertilizer used (W1N1) was 90% of the treatment of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and 180 kg N/ha fertilizer used (W1N2), while the yield decreased by only 0.31%. The study indicated that the adoption of an appropriate deficit N rate combine with micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation can be an effective means to reduce non-beneficial N consumption, achieve higher crop yield and N utilization efficiency.

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45

Wang, Ji, Min Jie Fu, Yun Jiang Liang, Ze Yu Guan, and Jiu Dao Li. "Soil Nitrogen Forms and Availability in Paddy Soil under Different Fertilization Methods." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.643.

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To reveal the characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under different long-term fertilization methods in paddy fields, 7 typical paddy fields in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province were selected, and soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. The samples were analyzed for available nitrogen, total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen content and each component of organic nitrogen. The results showed that soil nitrogen decreased with increasing soil depth in the soil profile. Different fertilization methods had a significant or greater effect on the available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in 0 to 10 cm soil, and it had a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in 10 to 20 cm soil. Combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizer was beneficial for improving available soil nitrogen. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial for the accumulation of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen was a major part of soil nitrogen. In terms of directly affecting the path analysis, the effects of ammonia sugar nitrogen, acid-hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen on available nitrogen are significant. A small negative correlation was shown between amino acid nitrogen and available nitrogen. Amino acid nitrogen indirectly affected the available nitrogen through other components. In terms of the general effect of the path analysis, the influence of non-hydrolyzable nitrogen to available nitrogen was the highest. An important factor to consider in relation to reasonable fertilization is that promoting non-hydrolyzable nitrogen and unknown acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen transformed into available nitrogen and accumulated available nitrogen.

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46

Williams, Dean R., Brad M. Potts, and Philip J. Smethurst. "Promotion of flowering in Eucalyptus nitens by paclobutrazol was enhanced by nitrogen fertilizer." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-157.

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We examined the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and paclobutrazol on flowering precocity and abundance in Eucalyptus nitens Deane & Maid. Trials to test these effects consisted of a factorial nitrogen by phosphorus experiment replicated on two sites and factorial nitrogen by paclobutrazol experiments conducted separately on reproductively immature and reproductively mature trees. The increase in tree size due to nitrogen fertilization increased the occurrence and abundance of precocious flower buds. However, the increase in tree size alone could not account for the nitrogen effect on flowering, indicating a secondary mechanism of flower induction by nitrogen. The application of both nitrogen fertilizer and paclobutrazol substantially increased the occurrence of precociously flowering trees over that of either treatment applied alone. The efficacy of both paclobutrazol and nitrogen in stimulating the flowering of the reproductively mature trees was affected by soil type, but this effect was overcome through the combination of nitrogen and paclobutrazol. The combination of nitrogen and paclobutrazol also restricted tree growth and combined applications on nitrogen deficient sites will be beneficial in commercial systems for producing eucalypt seed.

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47

Zhang, Yushan, Linqing Li, Fan Zhang, Xiaoqi Wu, Jingyu Liu, Jiayin Wei, and Jiayi Zheng. "Effect of Soil Amendment of Greening Waste on Leaching Loss of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2679, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2679/1/012043.

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Abstract It is of great practical significance for comprehensively promoting the green development of agriculture to explore practical products for preventing and controlling nitrogen and phosphorus leaching. In this study, PVC soil column experiments and field experiments were used to evaluate the interception effect of soil amendments produced by green wastes on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching. The pH value, EC value, the nutrient contents of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 −-N), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP) in different soil layers and leaching solution were determined, and the interception effects of soil amendment on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the soil amendments of green waste had significant inhibition and control effects on the leaching of NH4 +-N, NO3 −-N, APs, and TN. The interception mechanism of the soil amendments of green waste on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching was mainly to absorb a large amount of leaching solution and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The results also showed that the soil amendment of green waste had a certain nutrient content and buffering effect on acid and alkali and the main form of nitrogen leaching was NO3 −-N. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of cheap and effective physical products to prevent and control nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from farmland.

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48

Liu, Jiaying, Yawei Wei, Haitao Du, Wenxu Zhu, Yongbin Zhou, and You Yin. "Effects of Intercropping between Morus alba and Nitrogen Fixing Species on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity." Forests 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091345.

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The intercropping of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing tree species changed the availability of soil nitrogen and soil microbial community structure and then affected the regulation process of soil carbon and nitrogen cycle by microorganisms in an artificial forest. However, there is no consensus on the effect of soil nitrogen on soil microorganisms. In this study, the intercropping of mulberry and twigs was completed through pot experiments. Total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil were determined, and the composition and structure of the soil microbial community were visualized by PCR amplification and 16S rRNA ITS sequencing. The analysis found that the intercropping of Morus alba L. and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. had no significant effect on soil pH but significantly increased the contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the soil. The effect on the alpha diversity of the bacterial community was not significant, but the effect on the evenness and diversity of the fungal community was significant (p < 0.05). It was also found that soil nutrients had no significant effect on bacterial community composition but had a significant effect on the diversity within the fungal community. This study added theoretical support for the effects of intercropping between non-nitrogen-fixing tree species and nitrogen-fixing tree species on soil nutrients and microbial community diversity.

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49

Wang, Shu Huan, Cui Liang Wang, Ding Guo Zhao, and Ju Gao. "Research on Effect of Temperature on Nitrogen Solubility in Steel." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.915.

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The experiments of high nitrogen steels refining have been researched with high pressure and bottom-blown nitrogen in laboratory. We can gain high nitrogen nickel-free stainless steels that its content is more than 0.9%. The research indicates that the temperature influences nitrogen content greatly in the processes of smelting and concreting. The results are shown that saturated nitrogen content in steel increased slightly. When the temperature is as high as 1913K, the nitrogen content can reach 1.191%.

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50

Chen, Tian-Jie, X. Zhang, and R. Tao. "Electrorheological Effect at Cryogenic Temperature." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (June 30, 1999): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299001697.

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We have observed a strong electrorheologial (ER) effect of a suspension of fine aluminum particles in liquid nitrogen. The particles have diameter ~ 10μm and an insulate surface. In an ac field, aluminum particles quickly form chains across the two electrodes. The chains vibrate vigorously as the liquid nitrogen has a constant random flow motion caused by bubbles. In addition to low temperature, liquid nitrogen has extremely low viscosity, and low conductivity. These special properties enable us to observe several interesting phenomena which are absent in ER fluids at room temperature. We have determined the rheological properties of our cryogenic ER fluid.

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