Дисертації з теми "Effect of Euro on"
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Choi, Ga Eun, and Stephanie Galonja. "The Euro Effect on Trade : The Trade Effect of the Euro on non-EMU and EMU Members." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20114.
Повний текст джерелаGkoutsampasoulis, Nikolaos. "Euroland - The effect of Euro on international trade : Are there winners and losers in this ''Euro-game''?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13856.
Повний текст джерелаJienwatcharamongkhol, Viroj. "The Effect of Euro on Intra-Eurozone FDI Flows." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12440.
Повний текст джерелаSince the end of World War II, foreign direct investment (FDI) has been leading the international financial capital flows and has tripled in 2000s over the decade earlier. With its positive effect on economic growth of host countries via spill-overs, it became a race among countries to attract multinational enterprises (MNEs) to invest in their countries. The introduction of European common currency theoretically helps reduce the transaction costs across borders with the reduction of exchange-rate uncertainties and associated costs of hedging, facilitation of international cost comparison. Moreover, mergers and acquisitions activities (M&As) account for 60-80% of FDI flows, and most MNEs engage in both export and setting up affiliates abroad, suggesting complementarity between trade and FDI. Thus reducing cross-border distance costs would encourage MNEs to increase its M&A activities abroad, resulting in more inward FDI flows in the eurozone, especially among member states. The gravity equation is used in this paper to estimate the euro effect from the dataset of inward FDI flows of 24 countries during 1993-2007 and the result confirms that common currency stimulates more intra-eurozone inward FDI flows by approximately 58%.
Laurincová, Silvia. "Ekonomické aspekty prijatia spoločnej meny euro (Slovnesko a krajiny V4)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18124.
Повний текст джерелаSule, Kevin. "Is the euro the right way? : A study on the effect of implementing the euro on domestic unemployment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448879.
Повний текст джерелаBergström, Koustas Oskar, and Lucas Burns. "The Euro's Effect on Foreign Direct Investment : An econometric study of the euro’s effect on inward foreign direct investment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157993.
Повний текст джерелаMarin, Joseph. "Determining Impacts of Partnership and the Euro within the European Union:: With a Focus on Accession Countries." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104212.
Повний текст джерелаThe primary goal of the European Union is to promote a high degree of competition between regions in an effort to allow for the creation of the single market. In the year 2004, the EU had allowed ten new member states to enter into the European Union. This paper looks at the potential positive or negative impact from entering into partnership with the EU. It looks at convergence between EU member states and a potential treatment effect in order to determine that this is indeed a localized phenomenon in the EU or is there a general convergence between all countries. The paper uses a fixed effects approach in order to determine the impact of partnership and use of the Euro within the EU. I find evidence of convergence and a positive benefit from partnership; however, using the Euro appears to have a negative impact on countries
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Economics
Badinger, Harald, and Fritz Breuss. "Trade Effects of the Euro. Small Countries, Large Gains!" Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/322/1/document.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSeries: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
Araújo, Wilson Nicolau Melim. "The Margins of portuguese trade and the euro." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10185.
Повний текст джерелаEste artigo analisa as características seccionais e temporais das exportações Portuguesas entre 1995 e 2002, antes e depois da introdução da moeda única europeia: o Euro. A análise baseia-se num conjunto de margens de comércio, que compõem o valor total das exportações num dado mercado, incluindo o número de empresas exportadoras, o número de produtos exportados (margem extensiva), e as exportações médias por combinação empresa-produto (margem intensiva). Usando uma base de dados de comércio internacional para Portugal, extremamente rica e extensiva, demonstramos os seguintes resultados. Em primeiro lugar, a margem extensiva (principalmente o número de exportadores e o número de produtos exportados) é o principal factor que explica a variação seccional das exportações Portuguesas entre os parceiros comerciais. Em segundo lugar, a evolução ao longo do tempo de todas as margens de comércio para a Zona Euro é dominada por uma raiz unitária, implicando, por exemplo, que os choques que afectam o número de exportadores, o número de produtos exportados ou as exportações médias por combinação empresa-produto terão efeitos permanentes. Em terceiro lugar, identificamos três possíveis efeitos da introdução do Euro em 1999: (i) um efeito positivo sobre o número de empresas exportadoras nos quatro anos anteriores à introdução, (ii) um efeito positivo na margem intensiva, i.e., exportações médias por combinação empresa-produto, de 1998 até 2002, e (iii) uma tendência para as empresas homogeneizarem o conjunto de produtos exportados para diferentes destinos, de 1999 a 2002.
This paper analyzes the cross-sectional and time-series characteristics of Portuguese exports between 1995 and 2002, before and after the introduction of the single European currency: the Euro. The analysis focuses on a set of trade margins, that compose the total value of exports in a given market, including the number of exporting firms, the number of products exported (extensive margin), and the average exports per firm-product pair (intensive margin). Using an extremely rich and comprehensive international trade data set for Portugal, we show the following results. First, the extensive margin (mainly the number of exporters and the number of exported products) is the main factor explaining the cross-sectional variation of Portuguese exports across trading partners. Second, the evolution over time of all trade margins for the Euro Zone is dominated by a unit root, implying, for example, that shocks affecting the number of exporters, the number of exported products or the average exports per firm-product pair will have permanent effects. Third, we identify three potential effects of the introduction of the Euro in 1999: (i) a positive effect on the number of exporting firms in the four years before the introduction; (ii) a positive effect on the intensive margin, i.e. average exports per firm-product pair, from 1998 until 2002, and (iii) a tendency for firms to homogenize the set of products exported to different destinations, from 1999 to 2002.
Torre, Ricardo Reis da. "Government debt and economic growth in the Euro Area : an empirical investigation." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16408.
Повний текст джерелаEsta dissertação analisa a relação quadrática entre o rácio da dívida sobre o PIB e o crescimento económico, com o objectivo de encontrar um limite a partir do qual um aumento da dívida prejudique o crescimento. Ao observar 12 países europeus entre 1993 e 2017, encontrou-se evidência empírica que sugere a existência de tais limites quando o rácio toma valores próximos de 110%. Este número é maior do que aquele encontrado em trabalhos de investigação anteriores. Também foi analisado o efeito de crescimento do rácio da dívida sobre o PIB, que pode ser mais forte do que o efeito do rácio em si.
This dissertation studies the quadratic relationship between the debt-to-GDP ratio and GDP growth rate, and attempts to find threshold levels past which an increase in debt harms growth. Observing 12 European countries from 1993 to 2017, evidence was found supporting the existence of thresholds around the 110% debt-to-GDP ratio. These thresholds are considerably higher than those found in previous research. The growth rate of the debt-to-GDP ratio was also analyzed and found to have an impact on GDP growth which might be stronger than that of the ratio itself.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Leitner, Christoph, Achim Zeileis, and Kurt Hornik. "Predicting the Winner of the EURO 2008. A statistical investigation of bookmakers odds." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/674/1/document.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSeries: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
Ohainski, Aenne. "The euro effect – the impact of EU bilateral real exchange rates on German net FDI : evidence from Germany and seven EU-countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44384.
Повний текст джерелаFilipucci, Matteo. "Nuova normativa Euro VII per la riduzione delle emissioni inquinanti degli autoveicoli." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23549/.
Повний текст джерелаCatalão, Francisco Miguel Pinheiro. "Volatility-spillover effects in european stock markets." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1010.
Повний текст джерелаDurante as últimas décadas, temos visto como diferentes crises financeiras, que tiveram a sua origem em determinadas regiões ou países, se estenderam depois geograficamente, daí que, entender a volatilidade nos diversos mercados de acções se tenha tornado bastante importante para aqueles que têm que tomar as correctas decisões sobre a alocação de activos. É analisada a transmissão de volatilidade dos EUA e da Europa para diversos mercados individuais de acções de vários países europeus, utilizando para esse fim um modelo GARCH de transmissão de volatilidades. Encontrámos uma forte evidência estatística da transmissão de volatilidade dos mercados de acções dos EUA e Europa. Para os países da União Económica e Monetária os efeitos da transmissão volatilidade com origem nos EUA são mais fracos, enquanto que os efeitos da transmissão volatilidade com origem na Europa são mais fortes.
During the last decades, we have seen how different financial crisis, originated in particular regions and countries, have extended geographically, therefore, understanding volatility in stock markets has taken a very important place in determining the correct asset allocation decisions. Volatility spillover from the US and European stock markets into individual European stock markets using a GARCH volatility-spillover model is analyzed. We find strong statistical evidence of volatility spillover from the US and Europe stock markets. For Economic and Monetary Union countries, the US volatility-spillover effects are rather weak whereas the European volatility-spillover effects are strong.
Morhs, Romuald. "Modération salariale et performances macroéconomiques dans la zone euro : une approche Kaleckienne." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21029.
Повний текст джерелаThis kaleckian thesis emphasises the inconsistency of current wage moderation policies in the simultaneous achievement of price stability and full employment in the euro area. The main idea defended for this purpose is the following: wage moderation policies, which underlie the existence of a low inflation regime in the euro area, are not prone to solve the unemployment problem because of the insufficient level of effective demand. In the euro area context, three arguments can be put forward to support the implementation of a progressive income policy: (1) the openness degree is low, (2) the wage share is at an historically low level, and (3) the financialisation process has decreased the sensitivity of investment to profit margins. This macroeconomic analysis results in the following economic policy recommendations. To reduce the NAIRU, the European commission should encourage the national governments to increase the wage share in national income through taxation, in order to avoid a wage-price spiral in the euro area. In conformity with the analysis developed in this work, the tax reforms should furthermore be aimed at : (1) redistributing income from rentiers to workers, and (2) inciting the firms to invest more in productive capacity and research-development than in financial markets
Tchakpalla, Médédé. "Are people and income flows stabilising in the Euro area ?" Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A017.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis consists of five essays on macroeconomic adjustment mechanisms in a currency union such as the Euro area. The first essay examines the response of labour mobility to disparities in wage growth and unemployment rate in the Euro area. The results indicate that mobility responds to national differences in unemployment, especially during the crisis period, but not to national differences in wage developments. The second essay investigates the equilibrium or disequilibrium effect of labour mobility on labour market conditions in the Euro area. The findings show that even if mobility responds weakly to asymmetric shocks and structural patterns in the Euro area, it reduces differentials on labour market conditions. The third essay analyses the determinants of migration in the Euro area in comparison with the European union (EU) ; the main purpose being to identify factors that hinder mobility of people in the Euro area. The main results indicate that apart from cultural and administrative barriers, a generous social security system in the country of origin is also a drag to mobility of people in the Euro area. The fourth essay examines the stabilising role of workers' remittances as a spillover effect of labour mobility. The results show that remittances do not play a stabilising role neither in the Euro area, nor in the EU. Worse still, workers' remittances tend to be procyclical in the EU. Finally, the fifth essay looks at the risk sharing in the EU and highlights the weight of labour income flows in smoothing asymmetric shocks. The outcomes reveal that the most important channel of risk sharing remains the credit market. As for the capital market channel, it tends to be procyclical. Regarding labour income flows, their smoothing effect exists but it is low
Johansson, Eleanor. "Highway to Hell? : Evaluating the effect of environmental policy on emissions from the Swedish truck fleet." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264182.
Повний текст джерелаMålet med denna uppsats är att undersöka utsläpp från den svenska lastbilsflottan mellan 2007- 2014. Med hjälp av deskriptiv analys, visas att utsläppen av NOx, PM, HC och CO minskar på lastbils, företags, och kommunnivå. En difference-in-differences analys görs på Stockholms kommun där en miljözon (LEZ) finns. Tunga lastbilar i transportsektorn är undersökta. Utsläpp minskar mer utanför miljözonen än inuti. Detta står i kontrast till andra studier, samt till det politiska målet med miljözonen. Dessa resultat indikerar att en grön övergång sker i den svenska lastbilssektorn. Dessutom är anpassningen till miljözonen verkar främst påverka företag med smutsiga lastbilar som är lokaliserade utanför Stockholms kommun att byta till renare fordon.
Leitner, Christoph, Achim Zeileis, and Kurt Hornik. "Who is Going to Win the EURO 2008? A Statistical Investigation of Bookmakers Odds." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1570/1/document.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSeries: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
Soupashis, Marios. "The effect of the pricing policy of the Cypriot banks upon accession to the Euro area as at 31/12/2007." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2010. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6212/.
Повний текст джерелаAwa, Ruth. "An investigation of the effect of the European currency union (Euro) on sectoral trade : an application of the gravity model of trade." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1266.
Повний текст джерелаShah, Syed Muhammad Noaman. "Analyzing spillover effects between sovereign, financial and real sectors during the euro zone crisis." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0501/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe onset of euro crisis has rekindled the policy debate regarding credit risk interdependenceamong sovereign-bank nexus. In this vein, the importance of real sector is overlooked whileformulating corrective measures for the recovery of economic growth in EMU. This thesispresents a study that examined these issues in euro zone. First, we evaluate spillover effect ofeuro crisis on borrowing cost of non-financial firms in presence of austerity measures (Chapter-I).Our results suggest significant effect especially where creditor rights protection are weak. Inaddition during recent crisis, results indicate presence of credibility channel due to austeritymeasures whereas; there is slight indication of aggregate demand channel before crisis. Second,we find traditional function of bank’s liquidity creation as a significant conduit of sovereign distressto real sector (Chapter-II). Particularly, our main finding shows that bank liquidity risk acts as aconduit which propagates uncertainty towards non-financial firms and re-channels it back torespective government. Finally, we examine cross-market credit risk dynamics among sovereignbank-firm nexus to identify presence of contagion during euro crisis period (Chapter-III). Ourresults report grave evidence of credit risk contagion across sectors and member states incorresponding financial markets in EMU. Moreover like peripheral countries, simulation results toshock in core countries risk premia strongly provide evidence of contagion towards remainingeuro zone
Riepl, Judith. "Effets de site : évaluation expérimentale et modélisations multi-dimensionnelles : application au site test EURO-SEISTEST (Grèce)." Grenoble 1, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709591.
Повний текст джерелаŠedivá, Radka. "An Empirical Analysis of Trade Effects of the European Monetary Union." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165975.
Повний текст джерелаBetti, Thierry. "Fiscal policy and the labor market in the Euro area : multiplier, spillover effects and fiscal federalism." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at contributing to the recent studies which investigate the short-run effects of fiscal policy on economic activity. More precisely, three main aspects of fiscal policy in the short run are analyzed. First, one major message is that the impact of fiscal policy on the economy depends strongly on the fiscal instrument used by the government. Rising transfers to households, increasing public investment or cutting social protection tax trigger very different effects on key macroeconomic variables and especially on output. Second, one large part of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the labor market. One main result is that we cannot determine unemployment fiscal multipliers according to the value of the output fiscal multiplier, especially because of the response of the labor force participation to fiscal policy shocks. Third, this is well-known that many elements influence the size of the output fiscal multiplier. Two of these elements are considered throughout this thesis: the position of the economy over the business cycle and the behavior of the monetary policy. The two first chapters of this thesis analyze these different aspects in some closed economy models. The two last chapters extend this study at the case of a monetary union by investigating the spillover effects of fiscal policy between member states but also the stabilizing properties of fiscal transfer mechanisms between member states in order to soften cyclical shocks
Vasconcelos, Gonçalo Maria Pinheiro Machado de Almeida e. "The effects of mega-events on city branding: the example of warsaw and Euro 2012." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9623.
Повний текст джерелаElali, Mahmoud. "Transmission de la politique monétaire commune et hétérogénéité des systèmes bancaires dans les pays de la zone euro." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100027.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to study the transmission of monetary policy in the Euro Zone, by treating the channels of interest rate and credit. The approach consists of combining theoretical and empirical approaches in order to empirically highlight the heterogeneity of transmission within the Euro Zone and the existence of the credit channel. The first chapter dilates on the study of pass-through through banking rates. According to results, the process of pass-through seems well influenced by the specificity of the countries of Euro Zone. The levels and speeds of transmission remain heterogeneous; the level of pass-through is incomplete in most cases and decreases during the period under study, in particular after the financial crisis. The second chapter is devoted to investigate the determinants of transmission. According to results, the heterogeneity of transmission finds its origin in the differences of the structure of banks, banking markets, and in the differences of banking integration. The final chapter examines the channel of the credit in the Euro Zone by distinguishing the reaction of banks on the basis of size, capitalization, and diversification. The results confirm the existence of credit channel in the Euro Zone, which proves to be even more important after the financial crisis, and also shows that the size and capitalization of the banks play a significant role in the reaction of the banks to the monetary shocks. This thesis produces new results compared to the literature and it shows that the pass-through resulting from the estimate of ECM model in one stage is higher for certain cases, as well as the credit channel seem to play a more considerable role during the period of the crisis
Carvalho, Vítor Manuel Costa. "Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy in a New-Keynesian General Equilibrium Model for the Euro Area." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20601.
Повний текст джерелаCarvalho, Vítor Manuel Costa. "Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy in a New-Keynesian General Equilibrium Model for the Euro Area." Tese, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20601.
Повний текст джерелаDakouo, Cyprien. "La convergence des productivités : comparaison entre la zone euro et les autres pays de l’OCDE." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12011.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of reducing differences in living standards among the Eurozone countries requires the convergence of productivity levels between economies. Our contribution is to compare the long-run dynamics of the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) among the Eurozone countries to that of another group, referred to as "other OECD countries". This general objective is divided into two more specific research subjects: 1) To analyze the productivity gains based on a parametric activity framework of production set to investigate the absolute Sigma-convergence of the TFPs in the two zones. 2) To examine the evolution of the productive inefficiencies underlying the dynamics of the TFP, based on a nonparametric activity model. We observed the evolutions of 11 Eurozone countries, and 11 other OECD countries over the period 1965-2015. Our empirical results show that the level of productivity still seems to be higher in other OECD countries even the growth rate of productivity is greater in the Eurozone. This indicates a catch- up phenomenon between two groups and a sigma-convergence is observed before the end of 1990s. However, the catching up efficiency processes do not move the countries toward the frontier but make them converge below the frontier. Additionally, a significant decrease in structural inefficiencies is noticed between the mid-1970s and the early 2000s which indicates the homogenization of output / input mixes for each zone. The convergence process is conditional to real and monetary variables which may differ according to the technical catch-up or the structural efficiency dynamics. However, it seems that these dynamics have been interrupted since the creation of the Euro and have been even turned to a movement of divergence since the subprime crisis in 2008
Mai, Thi Van Anh. "The effects of exchange rate volatility on export : Empirical study between Sweden and Germany." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-14929.
Повний текст джерелаAho, Huotari Marie, and Kristin Andersson. "Har en gemensam valuta resulterat i en minskad prisspridning? : En jämförande studie på priskonvergens inom euroländer i förhållande till övriga EU länder." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24044.
Повний текст джерелаBreuss, Fritz. "Balassa-Samuelson effects in the CEEC. Are they obstacles for joining the EMU?" Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/198/1/document.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSeries: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
Fuentes, Rebecca M. "Exposure-based cognitive behavioral treatment for phobic and anxiety disorders: treatment effects and maintenance for Hispanic American relative to Euro-American youths." FIU Digital Commons, 2002. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3423.
Повний текст джерелаŽdárek, Václav. "Essays in debt sustainability, effects of institutional changes on fiscal policy in the Euro area and consumption responses to a shock in public salaries." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91984/.
Повний текст джерелаNilsson, Alexander. "Crowding out or crowding in? : A study on the effects of the public debt ratio on private investments of countries in the euro area." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173254.
Повний текст джерелаГладченко, Оксана Робертівна, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko, and V. N. Levenets. "EURO 2012." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13358.
Повний текст джерелаDiscours, Maxime. "L’arbitrage international à l’épreuve de l’expansionnisme du droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100037.
Повний текст джерелаHow do the law of the European Union and international arbitral interact with each other? At first sight, one could think that their interaction is limited. Two main arguments can be brought forward to support that idea. Firstly, these two sets of laws proceed from antagonist rationale. On one ahnd the law of the European Union has an expasionist nature which serves its ultimate purpose that is the integration. Secondly, international arbitration aims at getting more independence from states’ laws. Furthermore, the European Union does not have any competence to control international arbitration. Considering these elements, any form of interaction between these two sets of laws seems doubtful. But, one must not forget the European Union’s propensity to increase its competences thanks to the spillover effect. A brief glimpse at the law of the European Union leads to the conclusion that international arbitration is influenced by the European Union. Therefore, the first purpose of this work will be to determine to what extent the law of the European Union can influence the arbitral practice and the means arbitrators have as a defence mechanism. Finally, some propositions will be drawn up in order to set up a smooth interaction between international arbitration and the law of the European Union
Leal, Frederico Gonçalo da Silva. "Essays on fiscal policy in the Eurozone." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21443.
Повний текст джерелаA política orçamental, através da gestão das receitas e despesas públicas, é usualmente utilizada pelos decisores políticos para influenciar a atividade económica, nomeadamente através do controlo do rendimento disponível, de uma reafectação eficiente dos recursos existentes, do fornecimento de bens e serviços, bem como da correção de falhas de mercado. De acordo com o disposto na teoria Keynesiana, elaborada durante a Grande Recessão (década de 1930), os efeitos da política orçamental deverão variar de acordo com a fase do ciclo económico e dos instrumentos utilizados, sendo estes mais necessários e eficazes durante recessões. Contudo, em alguns episódios históricos, a evidência empírica parece contrariar as previsões teóricas efetuadas à luz da teoria Keynesiana, originando os comumente chamados efeitos não-Keynesianos da política orçamental. Por sua vez, a última Grande Recessão trouxe, uma vez mais, o debate relativo à eficácia da política orçamental para a literatura económica. Os elevados montantes de dívida pública acumulados na generalidade das economias europeias ocidentais comprometeram a sua sustentabilidade e restringiram decisões políticas, o que gerou repercussões tanto nos custos de financiamento soberano como no bem-estar social. Assim, diversos Estados Membros da Zona Euro foram forçados a implementar medidas mais restritivas de forma a conseguirem reduzir os seus desequilíbrios orçamentais, num cenário em que a política cambial se encontrava inacessível, e em que a taxa de inflação se apresentou especialmente baixa. Neste contexto, a presente tese debruça-se sobre o impacto macroeconómico da política orçamental nos Estados Membros da UEM, averiguando como este poderá variar de acordo com os instrumentos utilizados e com fatores intrínsecos de cada país, tendo em atenção tópicos relevantes que ainda não estão suficientemente explorados na literatura. É ainda analisado se, e como, a política orçamental poderá ser manipulada de acordo com motivações eleitoralistas, nomeadamente se as evidências empíricas dão suporte às previsões do modelo de “despesa visível” de Rogoff, ou ao modelo de despesa pública direcionada. Por outras palavras, se um hipotético aumento de despesa estará associado a mais despesas correntes, ou se existirão investimentos direcionados para satisfazer as pretensões de grupos ou regiões específicas. Num primeiro momento, foram calculados os valores dos multiplicadores orçamentais desde a criação da União Monetária. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a despesa pública nos Estados Membros tem um impacto positivo sobre a atividade económica (multiplicador de 0,44), sendo o impacto maior perante menores níveis de endividamento soberano, recessões económicas e fases negativas do ciclo económico (hiato do produto negativo). Por sua vez, a receita fiscal apresenta valores negativos, compreendidos entre -0,11 e -0,55, podendo, no entanto, revelar um impacto expansionista em países com menores níveis de dívida pública. Porém, nem sempre as políticas resultam nos resultados expectáveis. Foram estimadas elasticidades do consumo privado, face aos instrumentos orçamentais, durante o período de 1960-2017, de forma a aferir como as elasticidades variam perante episódios orçamentais (claras ações políticas, como expansões ou consolidações orçamentais). As evidências indicam que as transferências sociais poderão estar na origem dos efeitos não-Keynesianos da política orçamental, uma vez o consumo privado apresenta elasticidades negativas face às suas variações, durante períodos de consolidação. Ainda, os episódios não-Keynesianos tornaram-se menos prováveis de serem observados após os países integrarem a Zona Euro, dado que os gastos em investimentos e as outras despesas deixaram de apresentar uma relação negativa com o consumo privado. Foi também observado que as transferências sociais aparentam ter um impacto mais recessivo durante consolidações, que aquele observado perante expansões ou na ausência de episódios orçamentais. Utilizando uma abordagem alternativa para identificar consolidações orçamentais (abordagem narrativa), foi constatado que o consumo privado continua a exibir uma resposta não-Keynesiana a choques fiscais. Por último, a política orçamental aparenta ainda ser sensível a fatores políticos. Durante anos eleitorais, os decisores políticos tendem a aumentar as despesas correntes e a diminuir o peso dos impostos diretos. Porém, a estratégia orçamental tem sofrido algumas alterações ao longo dos anos. Desde a Grande Recessão, os Estados Membros aparentam ter perdido a sua capacidade para manipular a despesa pública com objetivos eleitoralistas, e começaram a diminuir os impostos indiretos. Também, após os Estados Membros aderirem à UEM, os decisores políticos começaram a aumentar a carga fiscal dos seus países face a choques na taxa de juro, uma vez que perderam a capacidade de recorrer à política monetária.
The fiscal policy, through the management of public revenue and expenditure, is usually used by policy makers to influence economic activity, namely through the control of available income, the reallocation of resources, the supply of goods and services or the correction of market failures. Following the Keynesian perspective, designed during the Great Depression (1930’s), the effects of fiscal policy should vary over the stages of the business cycle and over fiscal instruments used, being more needed and effective during recessions. However, in some historical cases, the empirical evidence seems to contradict the theoretical predictions in the spirit of the Keynesian theory, giving rise to the so-called non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy. Therefore, the last Great Recession brought the effectiveness of fiscal policy back into debate in the economic literature. The high amounts of sovereign debt accumulated in the majority of the western European economies have been jeopardizing the sustainability of public debts, restricting political decisions, with repercussions on sovereign financing costs and on people’s welfare. Thus, several Eurozone’s Member States were forced to implement more restrictive policies in order to reduce their budgetary imbalances, in a scenario where the exchange rate policies are unavailable, and the inflation rate has been especially low. In this context, this thesis focuses on the macroeconomic impact of fiscal policy on the Member States, assessing how it may vary according to the fiscal instruments used, and to country specific characteristics, taking into account some relevant topics not very explored yet in the literature. It is also analysed whether, and how, the fiscal policy can be manipulated according to electoral motivations, namely if evidence supports the predictions of the Rogoff’s “visibility expenditure” model or the Public expenditure targeting model, i.e., if the hypothetical expenditure increase will be associated with current expenditure, or if the capital expenditure will be used as a target to specific groups and locations. Firstly, it was computed the value of fiscal multipliers since the creation of the currency union. According to the results, public expenditure in Member States has a positive impact on economic growth (multiplier of 0.44), with a bigger impact on the less indebted countries, facing economic recessions and negative output gaps. In turn, tax revenue has negative values, between -0.11 and -0.55, but it can reveal an expansionary impact in countries with lower levels of public debt. However, policies do not always result in the expected results. Elasticities of private consumption to fiscal instruments were estimated during the period 1960-2017, to access how fiscal elasticities vary during fiscal episodes (clear policy actions, such as fiscal expansions or consolidations). Evidence indicates that social benefits may be a root of the non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy, since private consumption shows negative elasticities facing social benefits’ shocks, during periods of fiscal consolidation. In addition, non-Keynesian episodes became less likely to be observed after countries joined the Eurozone, given that investment spending and other expenditures have lost their non-Keynesian role. It was also perceived that social transfers seem to be more contractionary in consolidations than in both expansions and in the absence of fiscal episodes. Using an alternative approach to identify fiscal consolidations (narrative approach), it is seen that private consumption continues to exhibit a non-Keynesian response to tax increases. Lastly, fiscal policy in the Eurozone countries appears to be sensitive to political factors. During election years, the incumbent Governments seem to increase current spending and to decrease the direct tax burden. However, the fiscal strategy has changed over the years. Since the Great Recession, Member States have lost their ability to manipulate the Government spending for electoral purposes and began to decrease the indirect tax burden. Furthermore, after countries joined the EMU, policy makers began to increase tax burden facing interest rate shocks, since they have lost the ability to use monetary policy.
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Staňková, Andrea. "Ready for Euro?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3407.
Повний текст джерелаVašutová, Helena. "Španělsko a euro." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73469.
Повний текст джерелаMorvillier, Florian. "Taux de change d’équilibre et déséquilibres macroéconomiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100030.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to study the dynamics and determinants of the exchange rate, paying particular attention to the link between internal and external imbalances. The first chapter examines the effect of the euro adoption on the vulnerability of the current account to demand and exchange rate misalignments shocks. Our results show that, with the adoption of the single currency, the vulnerability of the current account to demand shocks and exchange rate misalignments increases considerably. The second chapter of the thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the robustness of the Balassa Samuelson (BS) effect for a panel of 38 developing and emerging economies over the period 1980-2016. We examine the internal and external versions of the BS hypothesis based on five different measures. We show that the internal version of the BS effect is validated only if the labour productivity differential between tradable and non-tradable sectors is used. We also find a robust effect of the relative price of non-traded to traded goods on the real effective exchange rate (REER). The third chapter studies the non-linear effects of infrastructure on the REER by estimating a Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model, aiming to highlight a differentiated impact of infrastructure on the REER depending on the value taken by a transition variable. We consider three different transition variables: the telecommunications stock per 1000 workers, the Electricity Generating Capacity (EGC) per 1000 workers and the quality of the electricity network. When the network is not completed or the infrastructure stock is low, an increase in EGC and telecommunications stock depreciates the REER, while the additional depreciation is lower or non-existent once the network is established. The results obtained are discussed in the light of several transmission channels
Ørke, John Marius. "Ordrestrømsanalyse av EURO/USD." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for samfunnsøkonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-6963.
Повний текст джерелаRebstock, Remington James. "Euro-zone debt crisis." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16900.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Economics
Lloyd B. Thomas Jr
The European sovereign debt crisis has had a profound impact on the rest of the world. The “debt crisis” refers to the rapid accumulation of debt within some struggling euro-zone countries. This debt accumulation has resulted in a variety of financial bailouts made to various countries within the European Union and a debt default by the country of Greece. The results of this crisis have changed the way of life for many living within the struggling economies. Division within the euro zone, on both policy and ideology, has begged the question of whether the euro will be able to survive in the long term. The purpose of this report is to investigate the buildup and evolution of this crisis, as well as to highlight various responses and proposed solutions of the future.
Jahnová, Lucie. "Česká republika a EURO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3230.
Повний текст джерелаKulhányová, Petra. "Introduction of Euro Inflation." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16387.
Повний текст джерелаConti, Antoniomaria. "Essays on Monetary Policy, Low Inflation and the Business Cycle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/260933.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Mollin, Sandra. "Euro-English assessing variety status." Tübingen Narr, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2820944&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Повний текст джерелаBongartz, Christian. "Die internationale Bedeutung des Euro /." Duisburg : Mercator School of Management, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016436998&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерелаBabiak, Jerzy. "Perspektiven des Euro in Polen." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2014/7002/.
Повний текст джерелаRazanamparany, Haja Mirana. "Optimalité de la Zone Euro?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0054.
Повний текст джерелаWe examine the optimality of the euro zone two decades after the debate between the European Commission and Frankel and Rose (1998) versus Krugman (1993). The study focuses on the founding members between 1980 and 2010, and it also deals with the expansion of the currency area to CEECs. We retain a main convergence criterion through the analysis: the convergence of business cycles in member countries [Mundell (1961)]. The analysis of the convergence of cycles (with their bilateral correlations) and shocks at their origin (using a SVAR model) is completed by the study of its determinants (using simultaneous equations models and dynamic panel models). We then address the issue of endogeneity of the optimality criteria and its conditions of realization. Finally, the case of the real estate sector deserves to be studied in light of the characteristics of the economic crisis of 2007 - 2008 which has greatly affected catching up members. The analysis of the housing cycles takes also into account the specific characteristics of the housing sector. The area displays differences that are growing again with the crisis and calls upon the viability of the Euro Zone and the optimal currency area