Статті в журналах з теми "Effect map"

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1

Lobben, Amy, Megan Lawrence, and Robert Pickett. "The Map Effect." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104, no. 1 (November 20, 2013): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.846172.

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2

Barry, Claire, David Corbett, Douwe Bakker, Peter Andersen, Jim McNair, and Sam Strain. "The Effect ofMycobacterium aviumComplex Infections on RoutineMycobacterium bovisDiagnostic Tests." Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/145092.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is diagnosed in naturally infected populations exposed to a wide variety of other pathogens. This study describes the cell-mediated immune responses of cattle exposed toMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(Map) andMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesaviumwith particular reference to routine antefmortemMycobacterium bovisdiagnostic tests. The IFN-γreleased in response to stimulated blood was found to peak later in the Map-exposed group and was more sustained when compared to the Maa-exposed group. There was a very close correlation between the responses to the purified protein derivatives (PPD) used for stimulation (PPDa, PPDb, and PPDj) with PPDa and PPDj most closely correlated. On occasion, in the Map-infected cattle, PPDb-biased responses were seen compared to PPDa suggesting that some Map-infected cattle could be misclassified asM. bovisinfected using this test with these reagents. This bias was not seen when PPDj was used. SICCT results were consistent with the respective infections and all calves would have been classed skin test negative.
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3

Cutuli, Salvatore L., Laurent Bitker, Eduardo A. Osawa, Zachary O’Brien, Emmanuel Canet, Fumitaka Yanase, Paolo Ancona, et al. "Haemodynamic effect of a 20% albumin fluid bolus in post-cardiac surgery patients." Critical Care and Resuscitation 22, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2020.1.oa2.

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Objective: To study the cardiovascular effect over 30 minutes following the end of fluid bolus therapy (FBT) with 20% albumin in patients after cardiac surgery. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Intensive care unit of a tertiary university-affiliated hospital. Participants: Twenty post-cardiac surgery mechanically ventilated patients with a clinical decision to administer FBT. Intervention: FBT with a 100 mL bolus of 20% albumin. Main outcome measures: Cardiac index (CI) response was defined by a  15% increase, while mean arterial pressure (MAP) response was defined by a  10% increase. Results: The most common indication for FBT was hypotension (40%). Median duration of infusion was 7 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 3–9 min). At the end of FBT, five patients (25%) showed a CI response, which increased to almost half in the following 30 minutes and dissipated in one patient. MAP response occurred in 11 patients (55%) and dissipated in five patients (45%) by a median of 6 minutes (IQR, 6–10 min). CI and MAP responses coexisted in four patients (20%). An intrabolus MAP response occurred in 17 patients (85%) but dissipated in 11 patients (65%) within a median of 7 minutes (IQR, 2–11 min). On regression analysis, faster fluid bolus administration predicted MAP increase at the end of the bolus. Conclusion: In post-cardiac surgery patients, CI response to 20% albumin FBT was not congruous with MAP response over 30 minutes. Although hypotension was the main indication for FBT and a MAP response occurred in most of patients, such response was maximal during the bolus, dissipated in a few minutes, and was dissociated from the CI response.
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4

Karadag, Mevlude. "The effect of concept map based education on the problem solving skills of students." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v3i1.1813.

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5

Lillrank, Paul, Sami Holopainen, and Teemu Paavola. "Analyzing productivity with the enabler-effect map." International Journal of Production Economics 78, no. 1 (July 2002): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(01)00097-4.

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6

Olsson, S. B., and R. W. Harper. "MEXILETINE EFFECT ON MONOPHASIC ACTION POTENTIAL (MAP) OF RIGHT VENTRICLE IN MAN." Acta Medica Scandinavica 203, S615 (April 24, 2009): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1978.tb17503.x.

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7

Uzunlu, Sinan, and Işıl Var. "Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Refrigerated Storage of Mantı." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (January 22, 2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i1.36-40.535.

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Mantı, the traditional Turkish food, was subjected to modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) compositions of MAP 1 (80% CO2 + 20% N2), MAP 2 (40% CO2 + 60% N2), MAP 3 (60% CO2 + 40% N2) and control (packaged under atmospheric composition) to extend its refrigerated storage at 4°C. The physical, chemical and sensorial qualities of each package were assessed by analysing headspace gas composition, pH, water activity, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), dry matter, lipid content and a sensory analysis of both cooked and raw mantı samples. The compositions of MAP samples (MAP 1, MAP 2 and MAP 3) resulted in the maximum storage time of 126 days versus 20 days in normal atmospheric packaging (control). In conclusion, 60% CO2 or either 80% CO2 with N2, as a make-up gas, should be implemented in the mantı process.
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8

Boshra, Vivian, Gehan Abdel Hamid El Wakeel, and Manar A. Nader. "Effect of celecoxib on the antihypertensive effect of losartan in a rat model of renovascular hypertension." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 89, no. 2 (February 2011): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y10-112.

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Certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to elevate blood pressure in some hypertensive patients, who are either untreated or treated with antihypertensive agents. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, celecoxib, on the antihypertensive effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist, losartan potassium. We studied the effect of oral treatment with losartan (30 mg/kg), celecoxib (3 mg/kg), and their combination on the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in male Sprague–Dawley rats with renovascular hypertension (RVH) induced by partial subdiaphragmatic aortic constriction. Treatment was continued for 7 days after aortic coarctation. Aortic coarctation led to significant increases in the MAP, PRA, and plasma PGE2. In RVH rats, losartan treatment caused a significant decrease of MAP with a significant increase in both plasma PGE2and PRA. Celecoxib caused a nonsignificant change in MAP with a significant decrease in the raised levels of plasma PGE2and PRA. Concomitant administration of celecoxib and losartan did not significantly affect the lowering effect of losartan on MAP with a subsequent significant decrease in the plasma PGE2and PRA in RVH rats. Therefore, celecoxib could be used in renin-dependent hypertensive patients who receive losartan, without fear of a rise in their blood pressure.
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9

Jensen, D. G. "Targetmaspect-dependent RCS: the effect on assumed beam angle." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 46, no. 3 (June 2004): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2004.1374099.

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10

Nachamkin, J. "The effect of material stresses on electromagnetic boundary conditions." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 46, no. 5 (October 2004): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2004.1388822.

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11

KODAKA, Hiroyuki, and Toshiyuki YAMASHITA. "The effect of rotating a map in walking to a goal with the map." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 74 (September 20, 2010): 2EV053. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_2ev053.

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12

Kan, Hong, Zirong Xie, and Mitchell S. Finkel. "p38 MAP kinase-mediated negative inotropic effect of HIV gp120 on cardiac myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 286, no. 1 (January 2004): C1—C7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00059.2003.

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Myocardial dysfunction leading to dilated cardiomyopathy has been documented with surprisingly high frequency in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. p38 MAP kinase has been implicated as a mediator of myocardial dysfunction. We previously reported p38 MAP kinase activation by the HIV coat protein gp120 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. We now report the direct inotropic effects of HIV gp120 on adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM). ARVM were continuously superfused with gp120, and percent fractional shortening (FS) was determined by automated border detection and simultaneous intracellular ionized free Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) measured by fura 2-AM fluorescence: gp120 alone increased FS and increased [Ca2+]iwithin 5 min and then depressed FS without a decrease in [Ca2+]iby 20–60 min, which persisted for at least 2 h. Exposure of ARVM to gp120 also resulted in the phosphorylation of the upstream regulator of p38 MAP kinase MKK3/6, p38 MAP kinase itself, and its downstream effector, ATF-2, over a similar time course. ERK (p44/42) and JNK stress signaling pathways were not similarly activated. The effects of the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor were concentration dependent. SB-203580 (10 μM) blocked both p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and the delayed negative inotropic effect of gp120. SB-203580 (5 μM) selectively blocked phosphorylation of ATF-2 without blocking the phosphorylation of MKK3/6 or p38 MAP kinase itself. SB-203580 (5 μM) administered before, with, or after gp120 blocked the negative inotropic effect of gp120 in ARVM. p38 MAP kinase activation may be a common stress-response mechanism contributing to myocardial dysfunction in HIV and other nonischemic as well as ischemic cardiomyopathies.
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13

Xu, Yaoqun, and Xinxin Zhen. "Image encryption using improved Cubic map and Henon map." ITM Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224502011.

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In this paper, constructing the improved chaotic map which multiplies the output value of the chaotic map by a large value, and subtracts its integer part. Simulation results show that the chaos range of the improved chaotic map is enlarged. The generated chaotic sequence has strong randomness. A double chaotic image encryption algorithm is proposed by combining the improved chaotic maps with the permutation and diffusion encryption structure. The algorithm can reduce the complexity while ensuring the encryption effect. The simulation results show that the encryption algorithm can resist statistical attack and has excellent robustness, and has a good development prospect in information security.
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14

Jensen, D. G. "Target-aspect-dependent RCS: the effect on assumed beam angle." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 46, no. 4 (2004): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2004.1374005.

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15

Lin, James C. "Popularity, Funding for Health-Effect Research and Cell-Phone Addiction." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 52, no. 2 (April 2010): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2010.5525611.

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16

Luo, Shuaiwei, Fuqiang Gu, Fan Xu, and Jianga Shang. "Effect Evaluation of Spatial Characteristics on Map Matching-Based Indoor Positioning." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 6698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226698.

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Анотація:
Map-matching is a popular method that uses spatial information to improve the accuracy of positioning methods. The performance of map matching methods is closely related to spatial characteristics. Although several studies have demonstrated that certain map matching algorithms are affected by some spatial structures (e.g., parallel paths), they focus on the analysis of single map matching method or few spatial structures. In this study, we explored how the most commonly-used four spatial characteristics (namely forks, open spaces, corners, and narrow corridors) affect three popular map matching methods, namely particle filtering (PF), hidden Markov model (HMM), and geometric methods. We first provide a theoretical analysis on how spatial characteristics affect the performance of map matching methods, and then evaluate these effects through experiments. We found that corners and narrow corridors are helpful in improving the positioning accuracy, while forks and open spaces often lead to a larger positioning error. We hope that our findings are helpful for future researchers in choosing proper map matching algorithms with considering the spatial characteristics.
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17

Zheng, Meng-Cong, and Yao-Wei Liu. "Effect of Compositions of MRT System Route Maps on Cognitive Mapping." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080569.

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Route maps, common in public transportation systems, refer to thematic maps drawn according to topological concepts. To simplify complex route information, a transport network is represented using primary graphic elements. First used in 1931 with topological concepts, the octilinear design has influenced the compositions of traffic route maps to this day. The current study involved cognitive mapping research on a representative route map in Taiwan: the Metro Taipei Route Map. Through two task experiments, this study analyzed users’ cognitive behavior when using the route map and alternative route map representations. The results indicated that the route map composed of all curves resulted in higher user performance than maps using a hybrid system and the conventional octilinear system. The route map based on the hybrid system, which included a route in the shape of a perfect circle, was highly evaluated and subjectively preferred by the users. Thus, the addition of appropriate curves in route maps is beneficial for improving usability, cognitive memory, and subjective evaluation. Finally, adding travel time information to a route map effectively enhances users’ decision-making during route planning.
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18

McGranaghan, Matthew. "Ordering Choropleth Map Symbols: The Effect of Background." American Cartographer 16, no. 4 (January 1989): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304089783813918.

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19

CAO, LIANG, WEI ZUO, and YAO-QUAN CHU. "CONSTRAIN INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM FROM THE SZ EFFECT MAP." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 29 (September 21, 2006): 2233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306020238.

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In this paper, we try to detect the SZ effect in the 2MASS DWT clusters and less bound objects in order to constrain the warm-hot intergalactic medium distribution on large scales by cross-correlation analysis. The results of both observed WMAP and mock SZ effect map indicate that the hot gas distributes from inside as well as outside of the high density regions of galaxy clusters, which is consistent with the results of both observation and hydro simulation. Therefore, the DWT measurement of the cross-correlation would be a powerful tool to probe the missing of baryons in the universe.
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20

Liu, Zhigang, Qingliang Zhao, Liangliang Wei, Deli Wu, and Luming Ma. "Effect of struvite seed crystal on MAP crystallization." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 86, no. 11 (September 14, 2011): 1394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2716.

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21

Saijo, Naoki, and Hiroaki Gomi. "Effect of visuomotor-map uncertainty on visuomotor adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 6 (March 15, 2012): 1576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00204.2011.

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Vision and proprioception contribute to generating hand movement. If a conflict between the visual and proprioceptive feedback of hand position is given, reaching movement is disturbed initially but recovers after training. Although previous studies have predominantly investigated the adaptive change in the motor output, it is unclear whether the contributions of visual and proprioceptive feedback controls to the reaching movement are modified by visuomotor adaptation. To investigate this, we focused on the change in proprioceptive feedback control associated with visuomotor adaptation. After the adaptation to gradually introduce visuomotor rotation, the hand reached the shifted position of the visual target to move the cursor to the visual target correctly. When the cursor feedback was occasionally eliminated (probe trial), the end point of the hand movement was biased in the visual-target direction, while the movement was initiated in the adapted direction, suggesting the incomplete adaptation of proprioceptive feedback control. Moreover, after the learning of uncertain visuomotor rotation, in which the rotation angle was randomly fluctuated on a trial-by-trial basis, the end-point bias in the probe trial increased, but the initial movement direction was not affected, suggesting a reduction in the adaptation level of proprioceptive feedback control. These results suggest that the change in the relative contribution of visual and proprioceptive feedback controls to the reaching movement in response to the visuomotor-map uncertainty is involved in visuomotor adaptation, whereas feedforward control might adapt in a manner different from that of the feedback control.
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22

WOO, H. J., E. K. LEE, and Y. I. KIM. "EFFECT OF PERTURBATION ON THE AREA PRESERVATION MAP." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 04, no. 01 (February 1994): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127494000113.

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Subharmonic bifurcation patterns in area-preserving maps change their forms dramatically under dissipative perturbation. The studies of such changes are done by the use of the normal form theory and the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method where the eigenvalues of the linearized map move along a circle of radius (1−∊)1/2 in the complex plane. The results are: (i) one set of three-cycle branches, which is hyperbolic, becomes separated from the origin under the dissipative perturbation; (ii) a pair of four-cycle branches, which can be hyperbolic for both branches, or hyperbolic for one branch and stable for the other one depending on the condition, is separated from the origin also under the same perturbation; (iii) one set of n-cycle (n≥5) branches, which is elliptic for the area-preserving case, is retained under the perturbation for sufficiently small ∊.
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23

Wu, Shaojie, Ruitao Qu, Zhengwang Zhu, Haifeng Zhang, and Zhefeng Zhang. "Deformation map of metallic glass: Normal stress effect." Science China Materials 63, no. 12 (September 24, 2020): 2620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1454-x.

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24

Zheng, Wei, Hong Ji, Christine Maric, Xie Wu, and Kathryn Sandberg. "Effect of dietary sodium on estrogen regulation of blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 4 (April 2008): H1508—H1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01322.2007.

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The effects of high-sodium (HS) and normal-sodium (NS) diets on ovarian hormone modulation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) were examined in Dahl salt-resistant (DR) and salt-sensitive (DS) rats. Ovariectomy increased MAP (OVX-Sham) to a greater extent in DS rats maintained for 2 wk on a HS (22 mmHg) compared with a NS (6 mmHg) diet. Ovariectomy had no effect on MAP in DR rats on NS but did increase MAP in rats on HS (10 mmHg) diets. On HS diets, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 36% less in the DS-Sham than DR-Sham animals; ovariectomy increased GFR in both strains by 1.4–1.5-fold; glomerular angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) densities were 1.6-fold higher in the DS-Sham than in the DR-Sham group; ovariectomy increased glomerular AT1R densities by 1.3-fold in DR rats but had no effect in DS rats; 17β-estradiol (E2) downregulated adrenal AT1R densities in both strains on either diet; ovariectomy reduced estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) protein expression in the renal cortex by 40–50% although renal ER-α expression was 34% lower in DS than in DR rats. These observed effects of gonadectomy were prevented by E2 treatment, suggesting that E2 deficiency mediates the effects of ovariectomy on MAP, GFR, AT1R densities, and renal ER-α protein expression. In conclusion, ovariectomy-induced increases in MAP are augmented by HS diet in both strains, and this effect is not mediated by a reduction in GFR. Aberrant renal AT1R regulation and reduced renal ER-α expression are potential contributors to the hypertensive effects of E2 deficiency in DS rats. These findings have implications for women with salt-sensitive hypertension and women who are E2 deficient, such as postmenopausal women.
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25

Babić Milijašević, Jelena, Milan Milijašević, Danijela Vranić, Jasna Đinović Stojanović, Slobodan Lilić, and Vladimir Korićanac. "Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life of chilled Ccommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) steaks: chemical and sensory attributes." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 3 (June 28, 2018): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/195/2017-cjfs.

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Анотація:
The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP 1 – 80% O<sub>2</sub> + 20% CO<sub>2</sub> and MAP 2 – 90% CO<sub>2</sub> + 10% N<sub>2</sub>) on selected chemical and sensory parameters of common carp steaks stored at 3 ± 0.5°C, and determination of the shelf life of the products was studied in this research. Samples were analysed on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. An increase in TVB-N values in carp steaks followed the order: MAP 2 &lt; control &lt; MAP 1. From day 9 of storage FFA concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.01) in MAP 2 samples compared to control and MAP 1 samples. The presence of oxygen (MAP 1 and control) resulted in an increase in TBA values in comparison with samples packaged in the absence of oxygen. According to sensory evaluation, it was concluded that carp steaks packaged in modified atmosphere with 80% O<sub>2</sub> + 20% CO<sub>2</sub> remained acceptable up to 15 days of storage, whereas samples packaged under 90% CO<sub>2</sub> + 10% N<sub>2</sub> as well as samples kept on flaked ice remained unchanged until the end of the experiment.
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26

Wang, C., Z. Zha, D. Tang, and J. Yang. "TOPOGRAPHICAL HILL SHADING MAP PRODUCTION BASED TIANDITU (MAP WORLD)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1681-2018.

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Анотація:
TIANDITU (Map World) is the public version of National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Service, and the terrain service is an important channel for users on the platform. With the development of TIANDITU, topographical hill shading map production for providing and updating global terrain map on line becomes necessary for the characters of strong intuition, three-dimensional sense and aesthetic effect. As such, the terrain service of TIANDITU focuses on displaying the different scales of topographical data globally. And this paper mainly aims to research the method of topographical hill shading map production globally using DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data between the displaying scales about 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;140,000,000 to 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;4,000,000, corresponded the display level from 2 to 7 on TIANDITU website.
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27

Lin, J. C. "Effect of cell-phone radiation exposure on cognitive function in humans." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 45, no. 6 (December 2003): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2003.1282190.

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28

Rautio, J. "Reflection coefficient analysis of the effect of ground on antenna patterns." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter 29, no. 1 (1987): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.1987.27894.

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29

Sarkar, Tapan Kumar, Sai Ho Yeung, Magdalena Salazar-Palma, Miguel Angel Lagunas, and Ana I. Perez-Neira. "The Effect of Broadband Matching in Simultaneous Information and Power Transfer." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 57, no. 1 (February 2015): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2015.2397152.

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30

Ferreira, David, Pedro Pires, Ruben Rodrigues, and Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha. "Wearable Textile Antennas: Examining the effect of bending on their performance." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 59, no. 3 (June 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2017.2686093.

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31

Sessler, Daniel I., Jeffrey C. Sigl, Scott D. Kelley, Nassib G. Chamoun, Paul J. Manberg, Leif Saager, Andrea Kurz, and Scott Greenwald. "Hospital Stay and Mortality Are Increased in Patients Having a “Triple Low” of Low Blood Pressure, Low Bispectral Index, and Low Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Volatile Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 116, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 1195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31825683dc.

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Background Low mean arterial pressure (MAP) and deep hypnosis have been associated with complications and mortality. The normal response to high minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) fraction of anesthetics is hypotension and low Bispectral Index (BIS) scores. Low MAP and/or BIS at lower MAC fractions may represent anesthetic sensitivity. The authors sought to characterize the effect of the triple low state (low MAP and low BIS during a low MAC fraction) on duration of hospitalization and 30-day all-cause mortality. Methods Mean intraoperative MAP, BIS, and MAC were determined for 24,120 noncardiac surgery patients at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. The hazard ratios associated with combinations of MAP, BIS, and MAC values greater or less than a reference value were determined. The authors also evaluated the association between cumulative triple low minutes, and excess length-of-stay and 30-day mortality. Results Means (±SD) defining the reference, low, and high states were 87 ± 5 mmHg (MAP), 46 ± 4 (BIS), and 0.56 ± 0.11 (MAC). Triple lows were associated with prolonged length of stay (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7). Thirty-day mortality was doubled in double low combinations and quadrupled in the triple low group. Triple low duration ≥60 min quadrupled 30-day mortality compared with ≤15 min. Excess length of stay increased progressively from ≤15 min to ≥60 min of triple low. Conclusions The occurrence of low MAP during low MAC fraction was a strong and highly significant predictor for mortality. When these occurrences were combined with low BIS, mortality risk was even greater. The values defining the triple low state were well within the range that many anesthesiologists tolerate routinely.
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32

Creedon, Stephen, Aisling Hegarty, Chwanrow Baban, Emily Rutherford, Vincent Healy, Colm Power, and Arnold David Konrad Hill. "AB92. 66. The effect of ultrasound availability on emergency admissions for biliary pathology: a weekend effect." Mesentery and Peritoneum 2 (February 2018): AB092. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/map.2018.ab092.

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33

Thompson, A., A. E. McGarry, C. R. Valeri, and W. Lieberthal. "Stroma-free hemoglobin increases blood pressure and GFR in the hypotensive rat: role of nitric oxide." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 2348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.5.2348.

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The short-term systemic and renal hemodynamic effects of two stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) solutions, one unmodified and the other modified by cross-linking, were examined in anesthetized rats after hemorrhagic hypotension. Both forms of SFH increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to baseline (prehemorrhage) values. The increase in MAP induced by unmodified SFH was greater than the increase in MAP caused by an albumin solution isoncotic to the unmodified SFH solution. Similarly, the increase in MAP caused by the modified SFH was also substantially greater than that induced by an albumin solution of comparable oncotic pressure to the modified SFH solution. Both unmodified and modified SFH increased GFR. As with MAP, the increase in GFR induced by both SFH solutions was greater than that associated with the oncotically matched albumin solutions. In separate experiments, the effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on MAP after hemorrhagic hypotension and subsequent infusion of unmodified SFH or albumin were also examined. In the albumin-infused rats, L-NAME increased MAP. In marked contrast, NO inhibition with L-NAME had no further effect on MAP when infused after SFH. We conclude that both unmodified and modified SFH solutions acutely improve MAP and GFR by the combined effects of intravascular volume expansion resulting from the colloid effect of the protein and by inactivation of NO.
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34

Georgakis, Marios K., Dipender Gill, Rainer Malik, Athanase D. Protogerou, Alastair J. S. Webb, and Martin Dichgans. "Genetically Predicted Blood Pressure Across the Lifespan." Hypertension 76, no. 3 (September 2020): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15136.

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Hypertension is the leading risk factor for stroke. Yet, it remains unknown whether blood pressure pulsatility (pulse pressure [PP]) causally affects stroke risk independently of the steady pressure component (mean arterial pressure [MAP]). It is further unknown how the effects of MAP and PP on stroke risk vary with age and stroke cause. Using data from UK Biobank (N=408 228; 38–71 years), we selected genetic variants as instruments for MAP and PP at age ≤55 and >55 years and across age deciles. We applied multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses to explore associations with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and their subtypes. Higher genetically predicted MAP was associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage across the examined age spectrum. Independent of MAP, higher genetically predicted PP only at age >55 years was further associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio per-SD-increment, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.13–1.34]). Among subtypes, the effect of genetically predicted MAP on large artery stroke was attenuated, whereas the effect of genetically predicted PP was augmented with increasing age. Genetically predicted MAP, but not PP, was associated with small vessel stroke and deep intracerebral hemorrhage homogeneously across age deciles. Neither genetically predicted MAP nor PP were associated with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Beyond an effect of high MAP at any age on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, our results support an independent causal effect of high PP at older ages on large artery stroke. This finding warrants further investigation for the development of stroke preventive strategies targeting pulsatility in later life.
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35

Svendsen, A. S. C., and I. J. Gupta. "The Effect of Mutual Coupling on the Nulling Performance of Adaptive Antennas." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 54, no. 3 (June 2012): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2012.6293947.

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36

Wager-Pagé, S. A., E. Raizada, W. L. Veale, and J. S. Davison. "Spinal modulation of duodenal and colonic motility and arterial pressure by neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y fragment 13–36, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide in rats: involvement of the cholinergic nervous system." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-016.

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The pancreatic polypeptide-fold (PP-fold) peptides, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (200 pmol), increased duodenal intraluminal pressure following intrathecal (IT) administration into the thoracic (T8–T10) spinal cord of urethane-anesthetized rats. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), PPY, and PP (IT) increased colonic intraluminal pressure of rats. The excitatory effects of the PP-fold peptides, NPY and PYY, were accompanied by increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the same time period followed by a decrease to hypotensive levels. There were no further alterations of duodenal or colonic pressure in rats during the hypotensive period. The effect of PP (IT) on MAP was characterized by a pattern of hypotension frequently followed by a hypertensive period. The modulation of duodenal and colonic pressure does not differ between the members of the PP-fold family of peptides; however, the effects of the different members of the PP-fold family of peptides on MAP were varied. The Y2 receptor ligand, NPY (13–36) (200 pmol) (IT), did not alter duodenal and colonic pressure or MAP in rats. Therefore, the effects of PYY and NPY in the thoracic spinal cord on duodenal and colonic motility may be mediated via Y1 (postjunctional) receptors. Atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, attenuated NPY's (IT) excitatory effect on colonic pressure but did not alter the MAP response to this peptide. Atropine did not modify PYY's (IT) regulation of duodenal and colonic intraluminal pressure. However, atropine did attenuate PPY's inhibitory effect on MAP. The modulatory effects of PP (IT) on colonic pressure and MAP were attenuated by atropine, suggesting that the cholinergic system may be mediating the effects of this peptide. These observations provide further evidence that the modulation of gastrointestinal motility by PYY, PP, and NPY in the thoracic spinal cord is through different mechanisms.Key words: PP-fold peptides, duodenum, colon, atropine.
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37

Werner, Steffen, and Melanie Jaeger. "Intrinsic Reference Systems in Map Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 17 (September 2002): 1628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601721.

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Within the area of navigation displays, the distinction between track-up display and fixed-orientation displays ( north-up) has received a lot of attention. Theoretically, this distinction has been linked to different spatial frames of reference. Using alignment effects, recent studies on the role of different reference systems in human spatial memory have identified the important role of environmental and intrinsic reference systems for the cognitive organization of spatial information. In the first experiment of its kind, we tested the effects of alignment of an observer with the visible, local environment and the global, large-scale environment depicted in a You-are-Here type of map display while holding the usually emphasized relation between map orientation and observer orientation constant. Our results show that both alignments have a strong and additive effect on memory performance, suggesting a new and important dimension for the design of spatial information displays such as maps.
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38

Lumby, Crystal, VeerPal Singh, Shrisha Reddy, Sue Sivess-Franks, Jonathan Dowell, Amit Verma, and Simrit Parmar. "Novel Link between PI 3′ Kinase/p38 Map Kinase Pathway in Dasatinib (BMS354825) Mediated Effect in BCR-ABL Expressing Cells." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4538.4538.

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Abstract Background: Dasatinib (BMS354825), a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits potent antileukemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Despite the well-established role of BMS354825 in the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the molecular mechanisms that result in generation of antileukemic responses remain unknown. Methods: BCR/ABL (wild type and those carrying mutations: E255K, H396P, Y253F, M351T and T315I) expressing murine BAF3 cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations of BMS354825 for variable times to evaluate for effect on phosphorylation/activation of p38 MAP Kinase and PI3′ Kinase pathway in presence or absence of pharmacologic inhibitors of p38 MAP Kinase and mTOR respectively. Results: In the present study we provide evidence that BMS354825 induces phosphorylation of the p38 MAP Kinase, and activation of its kinase domain, in BCR-ABL expressing cell lines except for those carrying T315I mutation. We also identify the kinases MapKapK-2 which is upregulated in response to BMS354825 as shown by increased phosphorylation of hsp27. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAP Kinase by SB203580 reverses the growth inhibitory effects of BMS354825 on primary leukemic CFU-GM progenitors from patients with CML (see figure). Moreover, SB203580 leads to impairment of the BMS354825 mediated antiproliferative effects in both wild type and mutated CML lines except for those carrying T315I. On the other hand, BMS354825 leads to dephosphorylation of p70S6 Kinase and its downstream effector pathway including down regulation of ribosomal S6. We also report that the pharmacological inhibition of mTOR by Rapamycin augments the growth inhibitory effects of BMS354825 on primary leukemic CFU-GM progenitors from CML patients (see figure). Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of p38 MAP Kinase by SB203580 led to reversal of the BMS354825 mediated dephosphorylation of p70 S6 Kinase demonstrating that it maybe downstream of p38 MAP Kinase activation. Altogether, our data establish that activation of the p38 MAP Kinase signaling cascade plays an important role in the generation of the effects of BMS354825 on BCR-ABL expressing cells. Conclusion: We have identified a novel crosstalk mechanism between the p38 MAPK and the PI3′ Kinase pathway which is unique to the effect of BMS354825 in CML. p38 MAP Kinase pathway may play an important role in developing of resistance to BMS354825 in CML. mTOR inhibition may augment effect of BMS354825 in CML and its role in combination with BMS354825 should be explored in resistant disease. Figure Figure
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39

Fouda, S. I., T. F. P. Molski, M. S. E. Ashour, and R. I. Sha′afi. "Effect of lipopolysaccharide on mitogen-activated protein kinases and cytosolic phospholipase A2." Biochemical Journal 308, no. 3 (June 15, 1995): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3080815.

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The addition of platelet-activating factor (PAF) to human neutrophils increases phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and stimulates the activity of p42erk2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). This action is rapid and transient. In contrast, p42erk2, p44erk1 and the p40hera MAP kinase isoforms are all not tyrosine phosphorylated or activated in human neutrophils stimulated with low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with serum. In spite of this, the PAF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the p42erk2 MAP kinase are greatly potentiated in cells pretreated with LPS. More interestingly, although low concentrations of LPS do not affect MAP kinase isoforms in these cells, they cause the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), as evidenced by a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme. In addition, this stimulus-induced upward shift in the mobility of the enzyme is not inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Furthermore, LPS increases the release of arachidonic acid in control and PAF-stimulated human neutrophils. These observations clearly show that cPLA2 can be phosphorylated and activated by kinases other than the currently known MAP kinases. It is proposed that there are MAP kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms for the phosphorylation of cPLA2.
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40

He, Dan, Lai Hao Li, Wan Jun Zhou, Ya Wei, Hui Huang, Wan Ling Lin, and Shu Xian Hao. "The Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Quality of Sturgeon Caviar at 0°C." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1099.

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The article mainly investigated the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on quality characters of sturgeon caviar during storage at 0 °C . MAP tested included MAP1 (100%CO2), MAP2 (70%CO2+30%N2), MAP3 (50%CO2+50%N2), MAP4 (30%CO2+70%N2) and MAP5 (100%N2). In order to let gas mixture interact with caver samples, the caviar directly exposed to modified atmosphere in MAP groups, and the control group (AIR) is prepackaged in tins and maintained in the air. Color properties, biochemical analyses (the volatile basic nitrogen values (TVB-N), the thiobarbituric acid values (TBA )) of sturgeon caviar were recorded before packaging (day 0) and after 1, 3 and 5 months of storage. The results showed that the MAP treatments in the study may delay the protein deterioration to some extend and MAP4 group exposed a little advantage to L*. but MAP treatments didn’t show an positive effects on the a*, b*and TBA.
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41

Thrasher, Terry N., and Cassandra Shifflett. "Effect of carotid or aortic baroreceptor denervation on arterial pressure during hemorrhage in conscious dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): R1642—R1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.6.r1642.

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We studied the effect of chronically denervating aortic baroreceptors (ABR; n = 6) or carotid baroreceptors (CBR; n= 7) on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) responses to hemorrhage in the dog. Neither denervation had a significant effect on basal MAP, the variability (standard deviation) of MAP, or resting HR. However, the breakpoint of MAP (defined as the volume of blood removed when MAP fell more than 10% below control and declined monotonically thereafter) was significantly reduced in dogs with only ABR functional (12.4 ± 1.4 ml/kg) compared with the volume in the intact condition (18.9 ± 1.8 ml/kg). In contrast, there was no difference in the breakpoint or the MAP at any time during hemorrhage in dogs with both CBR functional compared with their intact responses. In a different group of dogs ( n = 6), responses were determined with both CBR operating and again after unilateral denervation, leaving only one CBR (1CBR) functional. Basal MAP and the variability of MAP were not altered in dogs with only 1CBR functional, but the breakpoint (11.7 ± 1.4 ml/kg) during hemorrhage was significantly different compared with responses with two CBR (21.2 ± 2.3 ml/kg), and MAP fell to much lower levels. These results indicate that the CBR can compensate fully for loss of ABR during hemorrhage but not vice versa; and bilateral CBR inputs are required for normal responses to hemorrhage.
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42

Khaleque, Abdul, and Parongama Sen. "Effect of randomness in logistic maps." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 08 (May 3, 2015): 1550086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115500862.

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We study a random logistic map xt+1 = atxt[1 - xt] where at are bounded (q1 ≤ at ≤ q2), random variables independently drawn from a distribution. xt does not show any regular behavior in time. We find that xt shows fully ergodic behavior when the maximum allowed value of at is 4. However 〈xt→∞〉, averaged over different realizations reaches a fixed point. For 1 ≤ at ≤ 4, the system shows nonchaotic behavior and the Lyapunov exponent is strongly dependent on the asymmetry of the distribution from which at is drawn. Chaotic behavior is seen to occur beyond a threshold value of q1(q2) when q2(q1) is varied. The most striking result is that the random map is chaotic even when q2 is less than the threshold value 3.5699⋯ at which chaos occurs in the nonrandom map. We also employ a different method in which a different set of random variables are used for the evolution of two initially identical x values, here the chaotic regime exists for all q1 ≠ q2 values.
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43

Kim, Il-Ho, Ji-Young Kim, Hyun-Jin Nam, Ki-U. Lee, Doo-Hyun Cho, and Yong-Jae Lee. "Effect of PE film thickness and storage temperature in MAP deastringency of ‘Sanggamdungsi’ astringent persimmon." Korean Journal of Food Preservation 24, no. 6 (November 2017): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.6.727.

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44

Darvasi, A., A. Weinreb, V. Minke, J. I. Weller, and M. Soller. "Detecting marker-QTL linkage and estimating QTL gene effect and map location using a saturated genetic map." Genetics 134, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.3.943.

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Abstract A simulation study was carried out on a backcross population in order to determine the effect of marker spacing, gene effect and population size on the power of marker-quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage experiments and on the standard error of maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of QTL gene effect and map location. Power of detecting a QTL was virtually the same for a marker spacing of 10 cM as for an infinite number of markers and was only slightly decreased for marker spacing of 20 or even 50 cM. The advantage of using interval mapping as compared to single-marker analysis was slight. "Resolving power" of a marker-QTL linkage experiment was defined as the 95% confidence interval for the QTL map location that would be obtained when scoring an infinite number of markers. It was found that reducing marker spacing below the resolving power did not add appreciably to narrowing the confidence interval. Thus, the 95% confidence interval with infinite markers sets the useful marker spacing for estimating QTL map location for a given population size and estimated gene effect.
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45

Visvanathan, Renuka, Richard Chen, Michael Horowitz, and Ian Chapman. "Blood pressure responses in healthy older people to 50 g carbohydrate drinks with differing glycaemic effects." British Journal of Nutrition 92, no. 2 (August 2004): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041193.

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The aim of the present study was to determine the effects on blood pressure response of 50 g carbohydrate drinks with differing glycaemic effects in ten healthy elderly subjects (age >65 years; randomized crossover design). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressure, heart rate and plasma glucose levels were determined following ingestion of equal volumes (379 ml) of water and 50 g carbohydrate drinks with differing reported glycaemic indices (GI) (surrogate marker for glycaemic effect): (1) low-GI: Apple & Cherry Juice; (2) intermediate-GI: Fanta Orange; (3) high-glucose. Glucose (SBP and DBP P<0·001; MAP P=0·005) and Fanta Orange (SBP P=0·005; DBP and MAP P<0·001) ingestion caused a significant decrease in BP whilst blood pressure increased (SBP P=0·008; MAP P=0·005) from baseline following Apple & Cherry Juice ingestion. Water had no significant effect on postprandial blood pressure. Fanta Orange and Apple & Cherry Juice caused similar (P=0·679) glycaemic effects, which were significantly greater than water, but lower than glucose (P<0·001). There was no significant correlation between the glycaemic effect of the carbohydrate drinks and there was no change in blood pressure from baseline (SBP r −0·123, P=0·509; DBP r −0·051, P=0·784; MAP r −0·069, P=0·712). Apple & Cherry Juice and Fanta Orange had similar glycaemic effects, but differing effects on blood pressure. Therefore, it is unlikely that the glycaemic effect of a drink can be used to predict the subsequent cardiovascular response.
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46

Fukumori, Yasuo, Akiko Ishimi, Shigenori Tanaka, Shiro Ohnoki, and Hirotoshi Shibata. "The effect of X-ray irradiation on RC-MAP." Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion 39, no. 6 (1993): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.39.979.

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47

KOHAMA, Akira, Keijiro ENARI, Masatomo NAKAYAMA, and Koichi SAITO. "Effect of large-scale community map at environmental education." ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 20 (1992): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer1988.20.106.

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48

Li, Zhilin. "Effect of Frame Structure on Interpretation of Map Symbols." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-217-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Various studies (e.g. Forrest and Castner 1985, Blok 1987, Clarke 1989, Leung and Li 2002) have shown that some map symbols are very effective (easy to understand the meaning) while some other symbols are not very effective (difficult to understand the meaning). Such results are in accordance our experiences in map use. A question arising is “What matters?” The simple answer is “complexity”.</p>
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49

NAKAMURA, Hideo. "EHL traction map taking the dynamic effect into consideration." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.4 (2003): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.4.0_175.

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50

Zhao, Qi, Xin-Mei Li, Hong-Ning Liu, Frank J. Gonzalez, and Fei Li. "Metabolic map of osthole and its effect on lipids." Xenobiotica 48, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2017.1306660.

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