Дисертації з теми "EEPF"

The study entitled: Working with a group of adolescents in an ambulatory context: constructing a space of circulation, receptiveness and elaboration of adolescents word constituted a work that aimed to research the adolescence and this modality of care. It was observed that adolescence has become a focal area of investment for health and education professionals, since it is necessary to develop support andtreatment strategies enabling young people to find spaces of clinical support and social recognition. The group that was the object of this study was formed in the context of the ongoing visits to the Setor de Saúde do Adolescente of the Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG. The theoretical foundation that guided this research was linked to the psychoanalytic field. The group consisted of 10 adolescents of both genders, aged between 14 and 17 years old, regardless of the clinical diagnosis. A total of 25 weekly encounters were performed. The themes discussed by the group were spontaneously chosen, the most noteworthy being family relations, affective and social relationships, and professional future. The group guidance allowed these themes to be further developed, encouraging the construction of a space of circulation, receptiveness and elaboration of adolescents word. It was thus observed the effectiveness of the work with the group of adolescents as a facilitator of new connections, catalyzing the construction of further social links
Este estudo intitulado: O trabalho com grupo de adolescentes no contexto ambulatorial: a construção de um espaço de circulação, acolhimento e elaboração da palavra do adolescente consistiu em um trabalho que teve o propósito de pesquisar a adolescência e essa modalidade de atendimento. Verificou-se que a adolescência tem se tornado um foco de investimento dos profissionais das áreas dasaúde e da educação, uma vez que é necessário criar estratégias de suporte e de tratamento para que os jovens encontrem espaços de apoio clínico e de reconhecimento social. O grupo que se constituiu em objeto deste estudo surgiu no contexto dos atendimentos já existentes do Setor de Saúde do Adolescente, que está vinculado ao Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG. A fundamentação teórica que norteou esta pesquisa teve sua vinculação ao campo psicanalítico. O grupo foi composto por 10 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idades variando entre 14 a17 anos, independentemente de um diagnóstico clínico. Foram realizados 25 encontros no total, acontecidos com uma periodicidade semanal. As temáticas abordadas no grupo surgiram espontaneamente, com destaque para as relações familiares, os relacionamentos afetivos e sociais e o futuro profissional. A conduçãodo grupo possibilitou um desdobramento desses temas, incentivando a construção de um espaço de circulação, acolhimento e elaboração da palavra do adolescente. Foi constatada, então, a efetividade do trabalho com grupo de adolescentes, enquanto uma perspectiva de enlaçamento que não se pretendeu fechada, uma vez que impulsionou a abertura para a construção de novos laços sociais

The training protocols designed to improve muscle strength may be prescribed with maximum number of repetitions (MNR) per set aiming to increase the number of motor units activated. However, some studies have shown that other training variables may influence the MNR and electromyographic activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the maximum number of repetitions and the electromyographic signal amplitude among sets and between training protocols with different durations of muscle actions and the same duration of repetition. Nineteen male volunteers with at least six months in strength training took part in this study. In the experimental sessions 1 and 2 subjects performed tests of one repetition maximum (1RM) in the Smith machine bench press. In the experimental sessions 3 and 4, two training protocols were performed in the Smith machine bench press, characterized by three sets of the maximal number of repetitions at 60% of one repetition maximum (1RM) and three minutes of rest interval among sets. One of the protocols was performed using concentric muscle actions of 2s and eccentric muscle actions of 4s (2-4 protocol) and the other one with concentric muscle actions of 4s and eccentric muscle actions of 2s (4-2 protocol). The protocols were randomly and balanced assigned over the experimental sessions. The electromyographic signal amplitude of each repetition to the muscles pectoralis major and triceps was quantified by the integral of the normalized electromyographic signal (iEMGN) obtained by the average of repetitions performed in each set of the training protocols. Subjects performed fewer repetitions in 4-2 protocol than in 2-4 protocol. The pectoralis major showed higher iEMGN in 4-2 protocol and triceps showed no difference between the protocols. In both protocols, there was a reduction in the number of repetitions and increased iEMGN along sets. The present study showed that greater muscle activation can be obtained even when a smaller number of repetitions are performed. In addition, the two studied muscles showed different behaviors in response to the same training protocols.
Os protocolos de treinamento para o aumento da força muscular podem ser prescritos com número máximo de repetições (NMR) por série visando aumentar o número de unidades motoras ativadas. Entretanto, estudos têm mostrado que outras variáveis do treinamento podem interferir tanto no NMR quanto na atividade eletromiográfica. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o número máximo de repetições e a amplitude do sinal eletromiográfico entre séries e entre os protocolos de treinamento com diferentes durações das ações musculares e mesma duração da repetição. Participaram deste estudo dezenove voluntários do sexo masculino que praticavam musculação continuamente há pelo menos seis meses. Nas sessões de coleta 1 e 2 os indivíduos realizaram testes de uma repetição máxima (1RM) no exercício supino guiado. Nas sessões 3 e 4, foram executados dois protocolos de treinamento no supino guiado constituídos de três séries com NMR a 60% de 1RM e pausa de três minutos entre as séries. Um dos protocolos foi realizado com ações musculares concêntricas de 2s e excêntricas de 4s (protocolo 2-4) e o outro com ações musculares concêntricas de 4s e excêntricas de 2s (protocolo 4-2). A ordem de realização dos protocolos foi determinada de forma aleatória e balanceada. A amplitude do sinal eletromiográfico de cada repetição para os músculos peitoral maior e tríceps braquial foi quantificada pela integral do sinal eletromiográfico normalizada (iEMGN) obtida pela média das repetições realizadas em cada série dos protocolos de treinamento. No protocolo 4-2 foi possível realizar um menor número de repetições que no protocolo 2-4. O peitoral maior apresentou maior iEMGN no protocolo 4-2 e o tríceps braquial não apresentou diferença entre os protocolos. Em ambos os protocolos, houve redução no número de repetições realizadas ao longo das séries e aumento da iEMGN. O presente estudo mostrou que uma maior ativação muscular pode ser obtida mesmo quando um menor número de repetições é realizado. Além disso, os dois músculos estudados apresentaram diferentes comportamentos em resposta à execução dos mesmos protocolos de treinamento.

The purpose this study was to investigate the effects of the levels of performance stabilization in the adaptation to unpredictable perceptive perturbations. Fifty one volunteers were randomly distributed in three groups: Control group (GC), Stabilization Group (GE) and Super Stabilization Group (GS). The experiment was conducted in two phases, named pre-exposure and exposure. In the pre-exposure phase, GE and GS practiced a pre-determined sequence of five sensors touches in order of touching the last sensor in accordance to the visual stimulus arrival that moved to a constant speed and total displacement time of 2250ms. The experimental groups were differentiated by the performance stabilization level, determined from performance criteria. GE practiced the task until perform three trials in a row with absolute error less than or equal to 25ms, and GS has practiced the task until perform six blocks of three trials in a row with absolute error less than or equal to 25ms. When the first phase of the experiment got over, the exposure phase started, in which the three groups were submitted to 18 unpredicted perceptual perturbations, which consisted of speed combinations of the visual stimuli during displacement. The first speed had the initial portion with lower stimuli speed and higher speed in the final portion; the second speed had the initial portion with higher stimuli speed and lower speed in the final portion; however, the total time of stimuli displacement keep on the same as in the pre-exposure phase (2250ms). The unpredictability of the perturbations was guaranteed by the manipulation of the perturbation insertion moment, as well as by the randomness of the perturbation. The results showed that that: a) the level of performance stabilization influences the adaptation to unpredictable perceptive perturbations; b) the performance stabilization and super stabilization provides better adaptation to unpredictable perceptive perturbations when compared to the absence of previous practice; c) performance super stabilization provides better adaptation to unpredictable perceptive perturbations than performance stabilization; d) unpredictable perceptual perturbations with lower - higher visual stimuli speed combination are harder to be overcome than unpredictable perceptual perturbations with higher lower visual stimuli speed combinations. Keywords: stabilization level, adaptation, unpredictable perturbations, motor learning.
O propósito deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do nível de estabilização do desempenho na adaptação a perturbações perceptivas imprevisíveis. Cinquenta e um voluntários foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo estabilização (GE) e grupo superestabilização. O experimento foi conduzido em duas fases, denominadas de pré-exposição e exposição. Na fase de pré-exposição, somente o GE e GS praticaram uma sequencia pré-determinada de toques em cinco sensores de forma a coincidir o toque no último sensor com a chegada de um estímulo visual que deslocava com velocidade constante e tempo total de 2250ms. Os grupos experimentais foram diferenciados pelo nível de estabilização do desempenho, determinados a partir de critérios de desempenho. O GE praticou a tarefa até realizar três tentativas consecutivas com erro absoluto menor ou igual a 25ms, e o GS praticou a tarefa até executar seis blocos de três tentativas consecutivas com erro absoluto menor ou igual a 25ms. Logo após o término da primeira fase iniciou a fase de exposição, na qual os três grupos foram submetidos a dezoito perturbações perceptivas imprevisíveis, que consistiram em duas combinações de velocidade do estímulo visual durante o deslocamento. A primeira teve parte inicial com velocidade do estímulo menor e parte final maior; a segunda teve parte inicial com velocidade do estímulo maior e parte final menor, mas com tempo total de deslocamento do estímulo sendo o mesmo da fase de préexposição (2250 ms). A imprevisibilidade das perturbações foi garantida pela manipulação do momento de inserção da perturbação e aleatoriedade das perturbações. Os resultados mostraram que: a) o nível de estabilização do desempenho influencia a adaptação a perturbações perceptivas imprevisíveis; b) a estabilização e superestabilização do desempenho propiciam melhor adaptação diante de perturbações perceptivas imprevisíveis em comparação à ausência de prática prévia; c) a superestabilização do desempenho proporciona melhor adaptação às perturbações perceptivas imprevisíveis em relação à estabilização do desempenho; d) perturbações perceptivas com combinação da velocidade do estímulo visual menor e maior, manipuladas de forma imprevisível, são mais difíceis de serem superadas que perturbações perceptivas com combinação da velocidade do estímulo visual maior e menor. Palavras-chave: nível de estabilização, adaptação, perturbação imprevisível, aprendizagem motora.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) on heat balance, cardiovascular adjustments and central fatigue during treadmill exercise (24 m.min1, 5% inclination). Rats were submitted to two experimental situations separated by an interval of at least two days. Tail skin temperature, core body temperature (Tb) and arterial pressure were measured after the injection of 200 _L of 2,5 x 102 M ethylatropine (Atr) or 0.15 M NaCl solution (Sal) into the VMH. Atr injection into the VMH amplified the exercise-induced increase in Tb and resulted in a delay in the rise of skin temperature. The increased heat storage needed to trigger the heat loss mechanisms observed in VMH Atr-treated rats may be esponsible for the 37% decrease in the performance of these animals (21.0 ± 2.9 min Atr vs. 33.5 ± 3.4 min Sal; n = 8; p _ 0.001). Cholinergic blockade of VMH has also acelerated the blood pressure adjustments (mean arterial pressure maximal value: 132.6 ± 3.9 mmHg at 3 min Atr vs. 125.2±4.1 mmHg at 9 min Sal; n = 7), which were related to the percentage of total exercise time. We conclude that cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the VMH modulate sympathetic activation and facilitate heat loss during exercise. Furthermore, these adjustments induced by intra-ventromedial cholinergic eurotransmission determine exercise time until fatigue.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a participação dos receptores colinergicos muscarínicos dos núcleos ventromediais hipotalâmicos (VMH) na dissipação de calor, nos ajustes cardiovasculares e na fadiga durante o exercício em esteira rolante (24 m.min 1, 5% inclinação). Os ratos foram submetidos a duas condições experimentais separadas por um intervalo de pelo menos dois dias. A temperatura da pele da cauda, a temperatura interna e a pressão arterial foram medidas após a injeção de 200 _L de solução de metilatropina 2,5 x 10 2 M (Atr) ou NaCl 0,15 M (Sal) nos VMH. A injeção de Atr nos VMH amplificou os aumentos da temperatura interna induzidos pelo exercício e causou um atraso do aumento da temperatura da cauda. O maior acúmulo de calor necessário para desencadear os mecanismos de dissipação de calor observado nos ratos injetados com Atr nos VMH pode ter sido responsável pela redução de 37% no desempenho dos animais (21, 0 ± 2, 9 min Atr vs. 33, 5 ± 3, 4 min Sal; n = 8; p _ 0,001). O bloqueio colinérgico dos VMH também antecipou os ajustes da pressão arterial (valor máximo da pressão arterial média: 132, 6 ± 3, 9 mmHg aos 3 min Atr vs. 125, 2 ± 4, 1 mmHg aos 9 min Sal; n = 7), os quais foram relacionados ao percentual do tempo total de exercício. Nós concluímos que os receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos nos VMH modulam a atividade simpática e a dissipação de calor durante o exercício físico. Além disso, os ajustes induzidos pela neurotransmissão colinérgica intra-ventromedial podem determinar o tempo de exercício at´e a fadiga.

This study investigated the use of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and lactate threshold (LT) identified by the method of individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) as predictors of 5 km and 21.1 km (half marathon) race performance. Twelve men, amateur runners, volunteered to take part in the study. VO2max was determined using an incremental protocol on a treadmill and the LT was determined using the IAT method adapted to running track. All subjects participated in two official races, one of 5 km and 21.1km (half marathon), and the average running speed was calculated. We found a high correlation (r = 0.81, p = 0.001) between LT and the average speed of 5 km, and a moderate correlation between LT and the half marathon (r = 0.57, p = 0.054). The correlations between VO2max and average speeds of 5km and half marathon were, respectively, (r = 0.45, p = 0.143 and r = 0.32, p = 0.319). The results suggests that the LT is a good predictor of amateur runners 5km performance but not of half marathon performance, and that the VO2max was unable to predict the performance of amateur runners in 5km and half marathon events
O presente estudo investigou a utilização do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx ) e o Limiar de lactato (LL) através do método de identificação IAT como preditores fisiológicos do desempenho em corredores amadores nas distâncias de 5 e 21.1 km (meia maratona). Doze corredores amadores foram avaliados para determinação do VO2máx, através de protocolo incremental em esteira e do LL, através do método IAT adaptado para pista de atletismo. Para determinação da velocidade média de prova, foram utilizadas duas provas oficiais de corrida de rua, nas distâncias de 5 km e 21.1 km (meia maratona). Foi encontrada uma alta correlação (r= 0,81; p=0,001) entre o LL e a velocidade média na distância de 5 km, e uma moderada correlação entre o LL e a meia maratona( r=0,57; p=0,054). As correlações encontradas entre o VO2máx e as velocidades médias de 5 km e meia maratona foram respectivamente, (r= 0,45; p=0,143 e r= 0,32; p=0,319). Baseado nos resultados apresentados, o estudo sugere que o LL é um bom preditor de desempenho de corredores amadores apenas na distância de 5 km, e que a utilização do VO2máx não se mostra capaz em predizer o desempenho de corredores amadores em provas com distância de 5 km e de meia maratona

DEVELOPMENT OF A MILK DRINK ADDED OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID AND CLINICAL TRIAL IN OBESE WOMEN. The objective of this study research consisted in developing a chocolate flavored milk drink added of conjugated linoleic acid - CLA (BECLA) and to evaluate its effect in the dietary supplementation of obese women. The present work was approved by the Ethical Committee for Human Research of the Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG (Protocol No. 400/05, enclosed) and it was partially funded by the Research Foundation of Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG (Edital Universal 2006 466/06). Initially, aiming to choose a food that would be developed in this work, a survey was carried out on the estimates of CLA consumption in Brazil using food sources such as cow milk and its by-products (cheese, yoghurt, milk cream, condensed milk and butter), as well a beef. Data records on the Survey of Family Budgets (2002-2003) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were used. Those records showed an estimated CLA consumption of 637.9 mg. g-1 of fat, considering the above mentioned food sources. Based on this survey, we to undertake a laboratory procedure to develop a chocolate flavored milk drink added of CLA. Experiments were conducted in search of a better way to incorporate CLA, in its oily form, to the milk beverage, in order to minimize phase separation of the emulsion. The type of equipment (domestic blender and ultraturrax) and the blending time (1, 3 and 5 min) were tested. The domestic blender with speed 1 (11,500 rpm) for 3 min was more efficient than ultraturrax (11,000 rpm) for 5 min giving rise to a more stable mixture, evaluated by visual inspection and optical microscopy. Moreover this method allowed to verify that the fat drop size varied from 2.28 m to 12.23 m. A sensorial analysis test was used to determine the amount of CLA to be added to the milk drink in order to avoid any interference on the acceptance of the product. Three sensorial tests were applied. First, the triangular test was employed to verify the existence of sensorial difference between samples added of CLA and Canola oil (BECAN). This last beverage was developed to be used in the placebo group of the clinical experiment. Afterwards, the affective test was applied to evaluate the acceptance of BECLA and BECAN. At last, this same test was used in two chocolate flavored milk drinks added of CLA, one with 1.25% (BECLA 1.25%) and other with 2.5% (BECLA 2.5%). In the triangular test, 60% of the population were able to distinguish the taste of CLA showing that its incorporation should 22 be done with caution. In the acceptance test, the milk drink added of canola oil was preferred to the one with CLA. BECLA 1.25% was preferred to BECLA 2.5%. Continuing the study and based on the data obtained in the laboratory procedure, the two beverages were scaled up. At that stage, a study was carried out involving the evaluation of the chemical characteristics by the determination of moisture, ashes, proteins, lipids and the calculation of the amount of carbohydrates and caloric value. The stability of both milk drinks was evaluated by the measurement of pH and the oxidative stability using the TBARS method, as well as their final acceptance. The results of the chemical composition and the sensorial analysis had been confronted with the ones of a commercial drink. The energy value and the protein amount were higher in BECAN, followed by BECLA and the commercial product. This latter showed the least amount of lipids in relation to other drinks, and BECLA was the one that showed the highest value of this nutrient. The carbohydrate content was similar in BECLA and in the commercial drink and smaller in BECAN. The drinks developed in this study had the same value of ashes and moisture and, in relation with these beverages, the commercial product showed the smallest content of the first nutrient and highest of the second. No significant difference was found between the pH and TBARS values for BECLA and BECAN which indicates that the addition of CLA or canola oil showed no influence on the product stability during the period of study. The acceptance of BECLA and BECAN was similar and better than that of the commercial drink. After the production and analysis of the milk drinks the clinical experiment was started. Before the supplementation, three methods were applied for the evaluation of corporal composition of the population selected for the experiment. Thus, body fat percentages (%GC) of obese women obtained by anthropometry, bioimpedance (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were compared. The evaluation of body fat by DEXA, skinfold thickness (DC) and BIA showed averages of 44.1%, 39.8% and 34.3%, respectively, and were statistically different, with DEXA presenting the highest sensitivity, followed by DC and BIA. The clinical trial was randomized, double blind, with controlled placebo, and 28 volunteers ingested a daily amount of 400 mL of a milk drink added of 4 g of CLA (mixture of cis9, trans11CLA and trans10, cis12CLA) or placebo (canola oil) during 16 weeks. DEXA was used to evaluate the body composition at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Energy intake (EI) and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) were estimated at this same interval. The biochemical parameters that were evaluated consisted of fasting glicose, total cholesterol and its fractions, triglicerides, transaminases and reactive C protein which were measured in the months 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. No significant change in the body composition, 23 EI and RMR was observed after the dietary supplementation of CLA added to the chocolate flavored milk drink. Furthermore, no significant modification was observed in the biochemical parameters, and no adverse effect was reported, indicating that the consumption of this fatty acid is not harmfull to health when consumed under the conditions described here.
O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em desenvolver uma bebida láctea sabor chocolate, adicionada de ácido linoléico conjugado - CLA (BECLA) e avaliar o seu efeito na suplementação de dietas de mulheres obesas. Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFMG (Parecer nº ETIC 400/05, em anexo) e recebeu recurso da FAPEMIG (Edital Universal 2006 466/06). Inicialmente, visando escolher o alimento a ser desenvolvido no presente trabalho, foi realizado um estudo sobre a estimativa do consumo de CLA no Brasil, usando como alimentos-fontes o leite de vaca e seus derivados (queijo, iogurte, creme de leite, leite condensado e manteiga), além da carne de gado bovino. Foram utilizados os dados obtidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, por meio da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2002-2003). Verificou-se que o consumo estimado de CLA no Brasil é de 637,9 mg.g-¹ de gordura, considerando os alimentos citados acima. Após este levantamento, decidiu-se por desenvolver uma bebida láctea sabor chocolate, adicionada de CLA. Sendo assim, partiu-se para a etapa laboratorial. Primeiro, foram feitos os experimentos para se encontrar a melhor forma de incorporar o CLA, na forma oleosa, à bebida láctea, minimizando a separação das fases da emulsão. Foram testados o tipo de equipamento (liquidificador doméstico e ultraturrax) e o tempo de agitação da mistura (1, 3 e 5 min). O uso do liquidificador doméstico (velocidade 1, 11.500 rpm, por 3 min) foi mais eficiente que o ultraturrax (11.000 rpm, por 5 min), levando a uma bebida mais estável, avaliada por inspeção visual e por microscopia ótica. Por este método, ainda foi possível verificar que o tamanho das gotículas de gordura variou de 2,28 m a 11,80 m. Em seguida, ainda no laboratório, utilizou-se a análise sensorial como ferramenta para determinar a quantidade de CLA a ser adicionada à bebida láctea sabor chocolate, evitando que este procedimento não interferisse na aceitação do produto. Para isto, aplicaram-se três testes sensoriais. Primeiro, empregou-se o teste triangular para verificar a existência de diferença sensorial entre as amostras adicionadas de CLA ou óleo de canola (BECAN). Esta última bebida foi desenvolvida para ser usada no grupo placebo do experimento clínico. Depois, o teste afetivo foi aplicado para avaliar a aceitação da BECLA e BECAN. Por último, este mesmo teste foi usado em duas bebidas lácteas sabor chocolate, adicionadas de CLA, sendo uma com 1,25% (BECLA 1,25%) e outra com 2,5% (BECLA 2,5%). No teste triangular, uma parcela de 60% da população conseguiu 19 diferenciar o sabor do CLA, indicando que a incorporação desta substância neste alimento deve ser feita com cautela. No teste de aceitação, a bebida láctea adicionada de óleo de canola foi preferida àquela contendo CLA. A BECLA 1,25% foi preferida em relação à BECLA 2,5%. Dando prosseguimento a este estudo e tendo como base os dados obtidos no desenvolvimento laboratorial da BECLA e da BECAN, estas bebidas foram produzidas em larga escala. Nesta etapa, foi realizado o estudo das suas características químicas, pela determinação da umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, além do cálculo do teor de carboidratos e do valor calórico. Avaliou-se, igualmente, a estabilidade das bebidas pelas medidas do pH e da estabilidade oxidativa pelo método de TBARS e, ainda, a sua aceitação final. Os resultados da composição química e da análise sensorial foram confrontados com os de uma bebida comercial. O valor energético e o teor de proteínas foram maiores na BECAN, seguido da BECLA e do produto comercial. Este apresentou a menor quantidade de lipídeos em relação às outras bebidas, sendo que a BECLA foi a que obteve o maior valor deste nutriente. Já, o teor de carboidratos foi similar na BECLA e na bebida comercial e menor na BECAN. As bebidas desenvolvidas neste trabalho obtiveram os mesmos valores de cinzas e umidade e, em relação às estas bebidas, o produto comercial apresentou os menores conteúdos do primeiro nutriente e os maiores do segundo. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os valores de pH e de TBARS para a BECLA e BECAN, indicando que a adição de CLA ou óleo de canola não alterou a estabilidade do produto, durante o período do estudo. A aceitação da BECLA e da BECAN foi semelhante, e maior que a da bebida comercial. Após a produção e análise das bebidas lácteas, iniciou-se o experimento clínico. Antes da suplementação, 3 métodos de avaliação da composição corporal foram aplicados na população selecionada para a pesquisa clínica. Desta forma, os percentuais de gordura corporal (%GC), de mulheres obesas, obtidos por antropometria, bioimpedância (BIA) e absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DEXA) foram comparados. A avaliação da gordura corporal por DEXA, dobras cutâneas (DC) e BIA apresentaram médias de 44,1%, 39,8% e 34,3%, respectivamente, e foram estatisticamente diferentes, sendo que a DEXA apresentou a maior sensibilidade, seguida das DC e BIA. O ensaio clínico foi randomizado, duplo velado e com placebo controlado, quando vinte e oito voluntárias ingeriram 400 mL de uma bebida láctea adicionada de 4 g de CLA por dia (mistura de cis9, trans11 CLA e trans10, cis12 CLA), ou placebo (óleo de canola), durante 16 semanas. A DEXA foi usada para avaliar a composição corporal no início e ao final da pesquisa e, neste mesmo intervalo, foram mensurados a ingestão alimentar (IA) e a taxa de metabolismo de repouso (TMR). Os 20 parâmetros bioquímicos avaliados foram a glicose de jejum, o colesterol total e suas frações, os triglicerídeos, as transaminases e a proteína C reativa, que foram medidos nos meses 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4. A suplementação dietética de CLA, adicionado a uma bebida láctea sabor chocolate, não originou mudança significativa na composição corporal, na IA e na TMR das voluntárias. Ainda, não foi observada alteração significativa nos parâmetros bioquímicos avaliados, bem como não foi relatado qualquer efeito adverso, indicando que o consumo deste ácido graxo não é prejudicial à saúde, quando consumido nas condições aqui testadas.

The propulsive force of swimming and technique are key factors in the performance of swimmer. The more specific methods to evaluate the propulsive force dynamometry are fully tethered swimming and partially tethered swimming. The regression models known to evaluate the dynamometry of the fully tethered swimming (R1) and partially tethered swimming (R2) consider only the mean force produced in each test. The purpose of the study was to propose a regression model for each dynamometer test, considering the force variation around the average for the fully tethered swimming (R3) and the pre-established velocity of the partially tethered swimming (R4). Twelve swimmers (21.8 ± 4.4 years, 1.77 ± 0.07 meters, 70.6 ± 5.4kg, 26.3 ± 1.9s as the best time in the 50 meters free swimming) with more than five years of experience in this sport performed in a random order the free swimming, dynamometry of the fully tethered swimming and of the partially tethered swimming. The results for R1 and R3 presented similar values for the r2 (0.7436 and 0.7539, respectively), however, in R1 the intercept was significant different from zero. This suggests that the oscillation parameter comprised part of the mean velocity that was previously considered as an independent term of the equation. R4 presented a higher r2 (0.9002) than R2 (0.5975), possibly because it was the only model that effectively considers the drag force on the swimmer and he velocity of the test. In that way, the proposed models, R3 and R4, seem to be more efficiently to evaluate the results obtained by the dynamometer tests.
A força propulsiva e a técnica de nado são fatores determinantes no desempenho do nadador. Os métodos mais específicos para avaliar a força propulsiva são a dinamometria de nado atado e semiatado. Os modelos de regressão conhecidos para avaliar a relação entre a dinamometria de nado atado (R1) e semiatado (R2) e a velocidade de nado consideram somente a força média produzida em cada teste. O objetivo do presente deste estudo foi propor um modelo de regressão que considere a variação de força ao redor da média para a dinamometria de nado atado (R3) e outro modelo que considere a velocidade pré-determinada do teste para a dinamometria de nado semiatado (R4) e que forneça novos parâmetros quantitativos associados ao desempenho do nadador. Doze nadadores (21.8 ± 4.4 anos, 1.77 ± 0.07m, 70.6 ± 5.4kg, 26.3 ± 1.9s nos 50m livre) com mais de cinco anos de experiência na natação realizaram em ordem aleatória testes de nado livre, dinamometria de nado atado e semiatado. Os resultados para R1 e R3 apresentaram valores próximos de coeficiente de determinação (0.7436 e 0.7539, respectivamente), porém, em R1 o intercepto foi significativamente diferente de zero. Isso sugere que o parâmetro oscilação englobou parte da velocidade média que anteriormente era tida como termo independente da equação. R4 apresentou um r² (0.9002) maior que R2 (0.5975), possivelmente por ser o único modelo que considera efetivamente o arrasto atuante sobre o nadador e a velocidade do teste. Dessa forma, os modelos propostos, R3 e R4, parecem ser mais eficientes para avaliar resultados obtidos em testes de dinamometria.

Au cours de l'etape d'elongation de la synthese proteique, le facteur d'elongation eucaryote eef-2 catalyse la translocation du peptidyl-arnt du site a au site p du ribosome avec hydrolyse du gtp et le mouvement du ribosome le long de l'arnm. Dans ce travail, l'etude des relations structure-fonction de eef-2 par mutagenese dirigee a ete envisagee. Nous avons isole puis clone l'adnc de eef-2 de foie de rat dans divers systemes bacteriens, puis dans la levure pichia pastoris pour obtenir eef-2 recombinant. Malheureusement aucun systeme n'a conduit a l'obtention de eef-2 sous forme soluble. Grace a l'introduction au laboratoire de la biologie moleculaire, les proteines ribosomiques p1 et p2 ont ete surproduites dans l'equipe. Des experiences de reconstitutions de ribosomes actifs, apres addition des proteines recombinantes p1 et p2 a des particules partiellement deproteinisees inactives, ont montre que ces proteines doivent etre toutes les deux presentes et que p2 doit etre sous forme phosphorylee pour restaurer les activites dependantes de eef-2. Une etude mettant a profit la fluorescence des tryptophanes de eef-2 a permis de mettre en evidence une attenuation de la fluorescence de eef-2 en presence de p2 phosphorylee suggerant que la forme phosphorylee de p2 interagit avec ce facteur. Nous avons alors entrepris dans ce travail, l'etude in vitro de l'interaction de eef-2 avec les proteines ribosomiques p1 et p2 par deux techniques, la resonance plasmonique de surface (biacore) pour l'etude cinetique de cette interaction, et la proteolyse menagee par l'endoproteinase glu-c (v8) du complexe eef-2 avec p1 ou p2, pour etudier d'eventuelles modifications de l'accessibilite de ces proteines a la protease v8. Les resultats obtenus par la technique du biacore mettent en evidence l'existence d'une interaction de eef-2 avec non seulement p2 mais aussi p1. Ils montrent que l'affinite de p1 pour eef-2 est superieure (k d=3,8 10 - 8 m) a celle de p2 (k d=2,2 10 - 6 m). La phosphorylation de p2 entraine une legere augmentation (2 a 3 fois) de son affinite pour eef-2, celle-ci augmentant avec le degre de phosphorylation de p2. L'utilisation d'un mutant de p2 : p2s105d, suggere que l'effet de la phosphorylation est du a l'apport de charges negatives supplementaires. La phosphorylation de p1 entraine egalement une legere augmentation (environ 4 fois) de son affinite pour eef-2. Les experiences de proteolyse menagee montrent une augmentation de l'accessibilite de eef-2 a la protease v8 en presence de p1 ou p2. Cet effet est observe en absence comme en presence de nucleotides guanyliques. La phosphorylation de p1 et p2 entraine quant a elle peu de changements sur la cinetique de digestion. La meme experience faite sur eef-2 seul en presence de nucleotides guanyliques montre que le gtp protege eef-2 de la proteolyse alors que le gdp exerce l'effet inverse. Le changement conformationnel de eef-2 lors de l'interaction avec p1 et p2 est donc similaire a celui observe dans le complexe eef-2-gdp. Si l'on rapproche les resultats des experiences de reconstitutions decrites ci-dessus avec l'ensemble de ces resultats, nous pouvons emettre des hypotheses quant au role de chacune de ces proteines ribosomiques. Les reconstitutions ont montre que seule la phosphorylation etait indispensable mais que p1 et p2 etaient toutes deux requises pour l'activite de eef-2. Les resultats presentes ici montrent que p1 et p2 interagissent avec eef-2 en provoquant un changement conformationnel de ce facteur et que p1 a une affinite environ 50 fois superieure a p2. Ainsi ces resultats suggerent que p1 et p2 pourraient avoir des roles differents dans la fixation et l'activite de eef-2. Des mutants de p2 tronques en c-terminal ont ete construits pour mieux localiser le site d'interaction avec eef-2. Ces mutants ont ete testes par la technique du biacore et la proteolyse menagee par la v8. Les resultats obtenus sont en accord avec l'hypothese d'une interaction de la partie c-terminale des proteines p avec eef-2.

La synthese proteique est composee de trois phases : l'initiation, l'elongation et la terminaison. Le facteur eef-1, constitue d'une proteine g : eef-1a et d'un complexe d'echange de gdp/gtp : eef-1b, intervient dans la phase d'elongation. Le complexe eef-1b est compose de trois proteines : eef-1beta-gamma-delta chez les animaux et eef-1beta-beta-gamma chez les vegetaux. Nous avons clone et sequence deux adnc de 2,0 et 2,7 kb codant pour eef-1delta chez l'oursin sphaerechinus granularis, ils ne different que par la longueur de leur region 3utr. Ils codent pour une proteine de 35 kda identifiee a eef-1delta sur trois criteres : la presence d'un domaine leucine zipper, d'un domaine d'echange de gdp/gtp et son integration dans un complexe eef-1 heterologue. Leur expression est regulee au cours du developpement et suggere la mise en place d'une selection alternative du site de polyadenylation au cours du developpement. L'expression des arnm codant pour eef-1delta est decouplee de celle de son partenaire eef-1a au cours du developpement precoce. L'analyse phylogenetique des sequences des proteines de type eef-1beta/beta et eef-1delta montre que eef-1beta et beta sont des genes paralogues et que eef-1delta provient de la fusion d'un domaine c-terminal d'un gene ancestral beta avec un domaine leucine zipper. Nous avons utilise la proteine recombinante eef-1delta pour etudier la regulation de(s) activite(s) eef-1delta kinase(s) au cours du developpement precoce. Nous avons montre une activite transitoire eef-1delta kinase, identifiee a la ck2, atteignant son maximum d'activite 24 a 30 h apres la fecondation. Les inhibiteurs de la ck2 affectent la transition blastula-gastrula, suggerant un role de la kinase dans le developpement precoce. La regulation de l'expression de eef-1delta au cours du developpement ainsi que la phosphorylation de la proteine par plusieurs proteines kinases suggerent un role d'integrateur de signaux pour la regulation de l'activite de eef-1b chez les animaux.

" Suis-moi et tu seras autonome ! " Ethnographie de la citoyenneté dans le scoutisme laïque des EEDF Dans le groupe éclé s'organisent la vie communautaire et les pratiques éducatives propres à cette société de jeunes. Le groupe est l'émanation locale des Éclaireuses et Éclaireurs de France (EEDF), mouvement de scoutisme laïque et mixte, dont l'ambition est de former des citoyens " actifs ", " engagés " et " responsables ". Pourtant, dans le flot quotidien des situations d'animation, des discussions pédagogiques et des engagements militants, les respons, jeunes adultes bénévoles qui conduisent le groupe, ne font pas usage, à première vue, de ce terme de " citoyenneté ". L'existence précaire du groupe éclé impose ses urgences : il y est essentiellement question de réussir à organiser un camp, de renouer des relations avec la Mairie et d'impliquer les familles dans la vie collective. La recherche des situations dans lesquelles les éclés parlent de - ou plus rarement écrivent - la " citoyenneté " va conduire à repérer des fragments de citoyenneté ordinaire dans le groupe local : ils se situent dans les rituels d'engagement organisés durant les camps (la Règle d'Or), dans les discours des respons arrivés à un certain degré de formation militante (second degré), et sont prolifiques dans tous les écrits qui émanent du siège national. En suivant ces pistes, il s'avère que la " citoyenneté aux éclés " est une parole adulte sur ce que doit être ce mouvement de jeunesse : un lieu idéal d'émancipation par l'éducation, aux côtés de l'École publique. La " citoyenneté aux éclés " est une croyance que défendent des initiés qui ont en charge la bonne marche du mouvement au niveau national et qui, donc, sont confrontés aux tendances centripètes des groupes locaux et des engagements individuels. La citoyenneté est affirmée comme symbole d'unité du mouvement. C'est un idiome qui a aussi une portée publique : il renvoie à la position institutionnelle des éclés dans l'arène publique de l'éducation post-scolaire, associés aux autres mouvements laïques de l'éducation populaire. L'évolution des significations de la citoyenneté dans le scoutisme laïque depuis 1911 et jusqu'à Villeneuve en 2006 confirme la portée symbolique de cet élément de culture : unifier des engagements dans l'espace et le temps ; célébrer l'existence publique d'un mouvement de classe moyenne dont le pouvoir est fondé sur une compétence pédagogique.

Robust estimation methods have been successfully applied to the problem of power system state estimation in a real-time environment. The Schweppe-type GM-estimator with the Huber psi-function (SHGM) has been fully installed in conjunction with a topology processor in the EEF utility, headquartered in Fribourg, Switzerland. Some basic concepts of maximum likelihood estimation and robust analysis are reviewed, and applied to the development of the SHGM-estimator. The algorithms used by the topology processor and state estimator are presented, and the superior performance of the SHGM-estimator over the classic weighted least squares estimator is demonstrated on the EEF network. The measurement configuration of the EEF network has been evaluated, and suggestions for its reinforcement have been proposed.
Master of Science

Even at low concentrations, the criteria air pollutant particulate matter (PM) is an environmental and public health hazard. Emissions levels legislated for modern diesel vehicles are so low (~90% lower than 2003) that it has become difficult to accurately measure PM by the regulatory metric: the mass of particles collected on a filter (i.e., the gravimetric method). Additionally, gravimetric analysis cannot measure real-time emission rates, and therefore is unable to characterize high-emitting transient events (e.g., engine starts, stop-and-go driving). By an alternate method, PM can be estimated by measuring the number-weighted particle size distribution (PSD) and calculating mass with a combination of theoretical and empirical constants (e.g., particle effective density). This integrated particle size distribution (IPSD) method is capable of high measurement sensitivity and real-time resolution. Real-time measurements by the IPSD method require fast-sizing spectrometers, such as the TSI Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS), which sizes (between 5.6-560 nm) and counts particles based on their electrical mobility. The EEPS utilizes a unipolar charger to quickly charge particles for sizing and counting, however this mechanism has been shown to produce a less predictable charge distribution than bipolar chargers used in Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) systems – the gold standard 'slow-sizing' spectrometer. Several evaluations have shown deficiencies in EEPS PSD measurements due to charging differences (associated with particle morphology) unaccounted for in the transfer function matrix used to calibrate the EEPS. Specifically, the unipolar charger multiply charges a higher percentage of soot agglomerates (fractal-like particles common in diesel engine exhaust) than bipolar chargers. Because inaccurate PSDs are a primary reason for reported discrepancies between IPSD calculated mass and the gravimetric method, it is important to correct this deficiency in EEPS measurements. Recently, TSI has released additional EEPS calibration matrices ('soot' and 'Compact') which have shown better agreement with SMPS measurements under preliminary test conditions. This study further evaluates the performance of these new matrices relative to the original 'Default' matrix for diesel and biodiesel exhaust particles. Steady-state (75% engine load) emissions were generated by a light-duty diesel engine operating on (1) ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and (2) 100% soybean biodiesel. Raw EEPS data processed with each matrix were compared to simultaneously collected reference measurements from an SMPS. PSDs were evaluated based on their shape – i.e., multimodal fits of geometric mean diameter (GMD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) – and concentration at peak particle diameter. For both fuels, all measurements agreed well in terms of the shape of the PSD: primary mode (accumulation) GMD ± 10nm, GSD ± 0.3. For ULSD, EEPS Default, Soot, and Compact concentrations were higher than the SMPS by factors of 1.9, 1.3, and 2.5, respectively. For biodiesel, EEPS Default, Soot, and Compact concentrations were higher than the SMPS by factors of 2.1, 1.7, and 2.4, respectively. Based on these results, the Soot matrix produced acceptable agreement between EEPS and SMPS measurements of ULSD exhaust particles. However, based on the factor of ~2 difference observed here, an additional calibration matrix may be necessary for the EEPS to accurately measure biodiesel exhaust particles. The IPSD method for estimating PM mass was applied to available data sets with corresponding gravimetric measurements (one ULSD transient cycle test and the same biodiesel steady-state test used for PSD evaluation). Real-time PSDs from each of the three EEPS matrices were used in combination with three sets of values assumed for size-dependent particle effective density (representing a range of potential conditions), resulting in nine IPSD estimates of PM mass corresponding to each gravimetric sample (one ULSD, one biodiesel). For the transient ULSD test, a widely used effective density distribution for fractal-like soot agglomerates resulted in good agreement between IPSD estimated mass and the gravimetric measurement (within 9% and 6% for Soot and Compact matrices, respectively). For the steady-state biodiesel test, assuming unit density (1g/cm³ for all particles) resulted in good agreement between IPSD estimated mass and the gravimetric measurement (within 7% and 2% for Soot and Compact matrices, respectively). These results support previous findings that the Soot matrix is currently the best available option for measurement of ULSD exhaust particles by the EEPS and that particle effective density distributions similar to the "fractal-like" one used here are an accurate estimate for ULSD exhaust particles under many conditions. However, based on the discrepancies between the EEPS and SMPS measured biodiesel exhaust PSDs observed here, as well as a current lack of information on the effective density of biodiesel exhaust particles, it is clear that additional research is necessary in order to understand the properties of biodiesel exhaust particles, especially as they relate to electrical mobility measurements and IPSD estimation of PM mass.

Long-term depression (LTD) plays an important role in the refinement of neocortical maps during early postnatal development. Synapse formation and refinement in the cortex during development rely on synaptic plasticity, the cellular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to investigate timing- and pattern-dependent LTD at excitatory synapses in the mouse barrel cortex during development. This thesis first describes the developmental prole and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor GluN2 subtype-dependence of timing-dependent plasticity at layer 4-to-layer 2/3 synapses. A developmental dissociation of timing-dependent plasticity was observed where timing-dependent LTD (t-LTD) was found during early development (postnatal day, P6-8) but disappeared after P25. In contrast, timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP) only appeared in the second postnatal week of development (P11-15) and persisted in the adult cortex. This bidirectional plasticity also showed a GluN2 subtype-dependent dissociation. Whereas t-LTP was dependent on GluN2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors, t-LTD was dependent on GluN2C/D subunit-containing NMDA receptors. This thesis also reports a novel anti-Hebbian form of NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity, in which presynaptic layer 4 neurons drive their presynaptic long-term self-depression without the involvement of postsynaptic action potentials or calcium. This mechanism suggests that, during development, presynaptic self-depression occurs when specific spike patterns (presynaptic burst-spike) in the presynaptic neuron are unsuccessful in driving postsynaptic activity. Finally, this thesis addresses how t-LTD induction rules differ in vertical intra-columnar layer 4-to-layer 2/3 and horizontal cross-columnar layer 2/3-to-layer 2/3 synapses in the barrel cortex. Distinct GluN2 subunit expression in vertical and horizontal synapses regulated the time-window of t-LTD induction. It is also shown that different excitatory intra- and cross-columnar synapses onto the same postsynaptic layer 2/3 neurons can have different molecular requirements for the induction of t-LTD, and that they also interact to induce heterosynaptic associative LTD. These findings may have important implications for understanding the cellular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity and its relevance to the computational principles of cortical circuit operation.

Physiological fluid balance is strictly regulated, yet much of our drinking occurs irrespective of fluid balance. The addition of palatable beverages to our diet encourages drinking for the enjoyment of taste. The emphasis on hydration in our society, “Drink at least eight glasses of water a day”, encourages drinking to prevent future thirst. The custom of consuming a beverage with a meal encourages drinking to wash food down or complement the flavours in the meal. The frequency with which drinking occurs irrespective of fluid balance may have led to the disassociation between thirst and drinking. In turn, individuals may believe they are thirsty (i.e., in physiological need of water) when they are simply responding to habit or reward. It has been suggested that the low satiety of sugar-sweetened beverages leads to increased intake and consequently weight gain. However, evidence of the satiety of beverages is mixed and points to a range of sensory, cognitive, and physiological factors. Previous research has focused on the properties of liquid calories. Therefore, the subsequent experiments shifted the focus from the static properties of beverages to the dynamic motivations of the individual. A field-based qualitative study generated theories about thirst, drinking, and beverage choice. Two laboratory-based studies measured intake of water, a reduced-sugar sweetened beverage or a sugar-sweetened beverage when participants (Study 1, N = 32; Study 2, N = 66) were both hungry and thirsty (only Study 1), hungry, thirsty, and neither hungry nor thirsty. Two online-based studies measured beverage choice (N = 166) and intake (N = 98) in the context of a meal. Choice and intake of water, a reduced-sugar sweetened beverage, and a sugar-sweetened beverage were assessed with 100 kcal, 300 kcal, 500 kcal, 700 kcal, and 900 kcal portions of food. These experiments raised questions about how drinking behavior may depend on the nature of thirst, and about reward underlying drinking behavior. Therefore, a final laboratory-based study (N = 26) investigated beverage reward and its ability to predict beverage intake, and if intake of water depended on whether the individual simply feels thirsty or undergoes physiological changes to fluid balance.

La synthese proteique est composee de trois phases, l'initiation, l'elongation et la terminaison. Le facteur d'elongation eef-1 contient deux elements : une proteine g, eef-1a et un complexe macromoleculaire d'echange de gdp/gtp, eef-1b. Chez les animaux superieurs, eef-1b est constitue de quatre sous-unites eef-1 et la valyl-arnt synthetase (val-rs). Nous avons clone et sequence deux adnc de 2 et 2,7 kb codant pour eef-1 chez l'oursin sphaerechinus granularis. Ils different uniquement par la longueur de leur region 3'utr. Leur expression est regulee et decouplee de celle de eef-1a au cours du developpement precoce. L'analyse phylogenetique montre que eef-1 provient de la fusion d'un domaine c-terminal du gene ancestral avec un domaine leucine zipper. A partir d'une proteine recombinante issue de l'adnc codant pour eef-1, nous avons obtenu un anticorps specifique. Il nous a permis de montrer que la proteine eef-1 existe, dans l'ovule d'oursin, sous deux isoformes presentes dans un complexe de haut poids moleculaire et que eef-1 est fortement associee a eef-1. Des proteines presentant des homologies avec une proteine chaperon et une proteine ribosomale restent associees a eef-1 au cours de la purification. L'utilisation de polyamines a des concentrations physiologiques a montre un effet inhibiteur de la phase d'elongation dans un lysat acellulaire d'oursin. Un messager synthetique, sans initiation specifique, a ete traduit dans des lysats de reticulocytes de lapin pour comprendre le role de l'association de la val-rs au complexe. Selon le site de fixation du ribosome, il conduit a un peptide polyvaline ou polyserine. La traduction du polyvaline est toujours superieure a celle du polyserine. La phosphorylation avec cdk1/cycline b diminue l'elongation du polyvaline et augmente celle du polyserine, suggerant une regulation de cdk1 sur l'elongation par phosphorylation des sous-unites de eef-1b.

The majority of organizations make their business processes explicit to improve them. Defining business processes manually and modeling them are two alternatives utilized for this purpose. Meanwhile, organizations have quality management systems which are frequently shaped by frameworks. The most commonly used process improvement frameworks in the IT sector are ITIL, Cobit, CMMI and ISO 9001. These frameworks indicate the necessity of process documentation and ISO 9001 addresses the name &ldquo
Quality Manual&rdquo
for this purpose. In this thesis, an automated tool is developed for quality manual generation from predetermined business process models. In addition, a case study is performed by means of a systematic approach and its results were discussed with the findings of structured interviews. The aim of the study is to reduce the effort and time required for quality manual preparation and merge quality management activities with process modeling by means of process documentation.

Le facteur d'elongation eucaryote ef-2 (eef-2) catalyse, au cours de l'etape d'elongation de la synthese proteique, la translocation du peptidyl-arnt du site a au site p du ribosome en presence de gtp. Il presente une fluorescence intrinseque caracteristique des tryptophanes, au nombre de 7 dans la molecule de ef-2, avec une longueur d'onde d'excitation maximale a 280 nm et un pic d'emission centre sur 333 nm, qui suggere un environnement relativement hydrophobe de ces tryptophanes. La denaturation de eef-2 par le chlorhydrate de guanidinium 6 m deplace ce maximum d'emission vers 348 nm et diminue l'intensite du pic de 35%. La variation de fluorescence en fonction de la concentration d'agent attenuateur, non charge et penetrant (acrylamide) ou ionique (iodure), confirme que les tryptophanes de ef-2 sont relativement enfouis dans la molecule et presentent une importante heterogeneite. L'attenuation de la fluorescence de eef-2 par les nucleotides permet de caracteriser, en l'absence des ribosomes, les interactions du facteur avec les nucleotides guanyliques. De plus, cette approche demontre, pour la premiere fois, une interaction avec les nucleotides adenyliques alors qu'aucun effet n'est observe avec les nucleotides cytidyliques. Dans le cas du gtp, ce changement conformationnel est egalement caracterise par une diminution importante de la fraction accessible a l'acrylamide. L'interaction avec les nucleotides adenyliques a ete confirmee par l'utilisation d'analogues

Chez les eucaryotes superieurs, la valyl-arnt synthetase (valrs) est associee au facteur d'elongation eef-1h. Afin de preciser les bases structurales et fonctionnelles de cette association, nous avons purifie ce complexe a partir de plusieurs mammiferes et d'un batracien, demontrant ainsi le caractere ubiquitaire de cet edifice multiproteique chez les eucaryotes superieurs. La dissociation du complexe en ses sous-unites elementaires (valrs, eef-1 alpha, -beta, -gamma et -delta) a permis de preciser les caracteristiques fonctionnelles de chacune des sous-unites. Le role essentiel de eef-1 delta dans l'assemblage du complexe valrs-eef-1h a ete mis en evidence par des experiences de reconstitution. D'autre part, nous avons montre que le domaine n-terminal hydrophobe de la valrs, excisable par proteolise menagee sans affecter l'activite de l'enzyme, est indispensable a son integration en complexe. Sur la base de ces donnees, nous proposons un modele d'agencement des differents constituants au sein du complexe. Enfin, nous avons montre que la sous-unite eef-1 gamma du complexe est phosphorylee in vitro par la kinase p34cdc2, et in vivo lors de l'activation de la kinase concomitante avec la maturation des oocytes de xenope. Cette propriete pourrait constituer un des evenements qui conduit a la regulation coordonnee de la biosynthese des proteines et de la division cellulaire

La presente investigación fue desarrollada con el propósito de determinar el impacto de las provisiones por pérdidas crediticias esperadas (PCE) según la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera “NIIF 9 Instrumentos Financieros” en los Estados Financieros de las entidades prestadoras de servicios públicos que negocian en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima de Perú, en el 2018. La NIIF 9 que fue emitida en julio del 2014 y que es obligatoriamente efectiva a partir del 01 de enero del 2018, establece en su normativa, considerar un nuevo método de pérdidas crediticias esperadas, para el reconocimiento de las pérdidas por deterioro de activos financieros, el cual se tratará en el presente estudio. Este trabajo se enfocó en las empresas que negocian en la BVL de Perú y que son clasificadas por este ente como entidades prestadoras de servicios públicos, por lo cual se considera pertinente que la Gerencia Financiera valore si el cambio de normativa impactará financiera y contablemente en los Estados Financieros y en base a ello se considere en la toma de decisiones de la empresa. Se desarrolló esta investigación perseverando que sea de conocimiento de los grupos de interés, para la evaluación de las variaciones que se proyecten, determinación de estimaciones bajo el modelo enfocado en eventos futuros y análisis de los impactos en los Estados Financieros. La estructura del presente estudio se enfocó en 5 capítulos, los cuales serán descritos brevemente a continuación. En el capítulo I se definió el marco teórico de los conceptos principales con respecto al tema central y el sector de estudio. En el capítulo II se estableció el plan de investigación que detalla todo lo concerniente al planteamiento del problema y los objetivos a demostrar. En el capítulo III se describió la metodología de trabajo desarrollada bajo un enfoque mixto para la validación y sustentación de las hipótesis planteadas, aplicándose instrumentos cualitativos, como las entrevistas, e instrumentos cuantitativos, como las encuestas. En el capítulo IV se desenvolvió los datos recopilados para su posterior análisis en el capítulo V.
The purpose of this investigation is to determine the impact of the provisions for expected credit losses of the International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9) "Financial Instruments" in the Financial Statements of the public service entities that negotiate securities in the BVL (Stock Market of Peru) in 2018. IFRS 9, which was issued in July 2014 with mandatorily effective for periods beginning on or after January 1st 2018, establishes in its regulations to consider a new method of expected credit losses for the recognition of impairment of financial assets which will be discussed on this study. This research will be oriented on the public services entities that negotiate securities in the BVL (Stock Market of Peru), whereby it is considered pertinent that the Financial Management assesses if the change of regulations will impact financial and accounting in the Financial Statements and base on it, it will be considered on the decision making of the company. Also, this investigation will be developed keeping in mind that it is going to be of knowledge of group of interest, for the evaluation of variations that will be projected, determination of estimations under the model focused on future events and the analysis of the impacts in the Financial Statements. The structure of the present study will focus on five chapters, which will be briefly described below. Chapter I will defined the theoretical framework of the principal concepts with regard to the main topic and the sector of study. Chapter II will establish the research plan that will detail everything concerning the approach to the problem and the objectives to be demonstrated. Chapter III: the work methodology, which will be under a mixed approach for the validation and support of the hypotheses proposed; applying qualitative instruments, such as interviews, and quantitative instruments, such as surveys. Chapter IV will show all the data collected and processed as it requires, and chapter V is going to explain the analysis of the results. Finally, we have made a practical case where it is applied the methodology of expected credit losses according the IFRS 9 and evaluating the impact on the Financial Statements.
Tesis

L'objectif premier de ce travail de thèse était de développer des analyses métabolomiques non ciblées de vins en bouteilles afin de déchiffrer les informations chimiques relatives à l’évolution de leurs compositions avec le temps. Cette recherche initiale était fondée sur l'hypothèse que, lors de l'analyse, les vins en bouteilles gardent une mémoire chimique des paramètres environnementaux à l’œuvre au moment de leur élaboration (gestion du vignoble, pratiques œnologiques, climat, terroir). Une seconde hypothèse reposait sur la nécessité d’étudier le passé pour anticiper l’évolution de la qualité du vin du point de vue de sa composition chimique. À cet effet et pour la première fois dans la science du vin, la Spectrométrie de Masse à Résonance Cyclotronique des Ions et à Transformée de Fourier (FTICR-MS), la Chromatographie Liquide couplée à la Spectrométrie de Masse (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), la spectroscopie de Fluorescence d’Excitation et d’Émission (EEMF) et les statistiques multivariées ont été combinées. Le développement méthodologique a révélé l'avantage de coupler les mesures de masses exactes par FTICR-MS à la discrimination des isomères par UPLC-Q-TOF-MS afin d'étendre la gamme des métabolites détectables. Ces outils ont été appliqués à l'identification de marqueurs de vieillissement sur des séries verticales de vins rouges et blancs de Bourgogne, y compris sur des vins très anciens (millésimes inconnus) considérés comme des points extrêmes d'évolution, introduisant ainsi la notion de verticalomics. La caractérisation d'une série de vins blancs de Bourgogne (Chardonnay) a révélé que les espaces chimiques spécifiquement liés à des pratiques œnologiques (SO2 ajouté lors du pressurage, niveau de débourbage ou perméabilité du bouchon) pourraient être déchiffrés, bien que les signatures de millésimes étaient les plus significatives. Des expériences similaires sur les vins de Champagne (Chardonnay, et mélanges de Chardonnay, Pinot noir et Pinot Meunier) après la prise de mousse et le vieillissement sur lattes ont mis en évidence l'effet d'hormesis associé à l'oxygénation du vin. Enfin, les analyses non ciblées d'extraits de raisin et des vins correspondants provenant de différentes appellations et élaborés par le même vigneron ont révélé qu’il était possible de lire des signatures liées au terroir, en particulier après quelques années de vieillissement en bouteille. Plus largement, nos résultats fournissent une description globale sans précédent de la composition chimique du vin et de sa modification par le vieillissement
The main objective of this work was to develop non-targeted metabolomics analyses of bottled wines in order to decipher chemical informations from the time-related evolution of their composition. This original research was based on the hypothesis that, when analyzed, bottled wines would still hold chemical memories of envionmental parameters (vineyard management, oenological practices, climate, terroir…) at the moment of their elaboration, even after several years of ageing. A second hypothesis was that in order to anticipate the future evolution of the wine quality in terms of chemical composition, it is necessary to know what it was in the past. To that purpose, and for the first time in wine science, Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance – Mass Spectrometry (FTICR-MS), Liquid Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-ToF-MS), Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence (EEMF) and multivariate statistics were used in combination. Methodological develoments revealed the advantage of coupling exact mass measurements by FTICR-MS to isomeric discrimination by UPLC-Q-ToF-MS in order to extend the range of detectable metabolites. Such tools were applied to the identification of ageing markers in vertical series of red and white wines from Burgundy, including very old wines (unknown vintages) considered as evolution end points, thus introducing the concept of verticalomics. The characterization of series of white wines from Burgundy (Chardonnay) revealed that chemical spaces specifically related to eonological practices (SO2 addition at pressing, settling level, and permeability of the stopper) could indeed be deciphered although the vintage signatures were confirmed to be the most significant. Similar experiments on Champagne wines (Chardonnay, and blends of Chardonnay, Pinot noir and Pinot Meunier) after the "prise de mousse" and the ageing "sur lattes" further highlighted the hormesis effect associated with the oxygenation of wine. Finally, non-targeted analyses of series of grape extracts and corresponding wines from different appelations – though elaborated by the same winemaker – revealed that terroir-related signatures could be indeed read in wines, in particular after a few years of bottle ageing. Altogether our results provide an unprecedented comprehensive description of the chemical composition of wine and its modification through ageing

Problems of requirements which are identified in the earlier phase of a software development project can deeply affect the success of the project. Thus studies which aim to decrease these problems are crucial. Automation is foreseen to be one of the possible solutions for decreasing or removing some of the problems originating from requirements. This study focuses on the development and implementation of an automated tool that will generate requirements in natural language from business process models. In this study, The benefits of the tool are discussed, and the tool is compared with other software requirement s related tools with respect to their functionality. The developed tool has been tested within a large military project and the results of using the tool are presented.

Conformément à sa quête d'occidentalisation, la Turquie s'est, dès le début, intéressée au projet de la construction européenne. D'une manière générale, les rapprochements juridiques intervenus, entre la Turquie et l'Union européenne, telle la décision du Conseil d'association relative à la mise en place de l'union douanière, mettent en évidence le fait que le devoir des entreprises économiques publiques (EEP) turques sera grandement marqué par la réglementation communautaire concernant les entreprises à caractère public. Par ailleurs, cet impact communautaire est corroboré par le traitement de la candidature turque dans le cadre des mécanismes de l'élargissement de l'Union européenne. Pour cette raison, les EEp sont contraintes à la fois de se libérer des carcans de leur conception formée dans le cadre de l'Etat-nation, et de s'adapter à la réglementation communautaire caractérisée par l'objectif de la construction européenne. En effet, les EEP turques sont conçues au niveau national comme moyen d'intervention de l'Etat dans le domaine économique au nom de l'intérêt général. Or, le droit communautaire soumet, d'une part, les entreprises nationales à caractère public au respect des règles de concurrence, et d'autre part les contraint à exercer des activités d'intérêt général conformément à l'intérêt communautaire. Ainsi, il redéfinit le rôle et la place de ce type d'entreprises selon les impératifs de la construction communautaire. . .

This study uses a systems thinking perspective to explore the role and meaning of participation, capacity development and project sustainability in the Zimbabwe Secondary Teacher Training Environmental Education Project (St²eep). Since there was no consistent critical reflection upon the different assumptions that underpin these important aspects of St²eep in the original project design, this study aims to articulate a theoretical framework for guiding the project. St2eep is a donorfunded project, located in the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education in Zimbabwe that seeks to integrate environmental education across the curriculum of secondary teacher education. The study first develops a theoretical framework drawing on systems thinking. In particular it uses the holistic and constructivist perspectives embedded in systems thinking to describe a number of analytic frameworks that are used as a guide to investigate participation, capacity development and project sustainability in the St²eep case study. The research methodology comprises a qualitative case study approach, which contains elements of an instrumental, evaluative and critical case study. Data-collection methods include document analysis, focus group discussions, focus group interviews, semi-structured face-to-face interviews and participant observation. Data analysis follows the constant comparative method of coding and categorising data as outlined by Strauss and Corbin (1998). The outcomes of this research show that participation processes in St²eep evolve around the interactions between a political dimension and a learning dimension. The political dimension relates to giving the project stakeholders a critical voice, allowing them to shape the project and involving them in the decision-making process. This approach has fostered an ongoing learning process in a small team of committed stakeholders based on the principles of collaborative learning, team learning and action research. Participation was shown to enhance capacity-development processes at individual and institutional level by the provision of support through learning teams, and by the renegotiation of responsibilities and power relations between lecturers involved in St²eep, donor representatives and college administrations. The strong operational role of the donor organisation was seen as a serious threat towards individual and institutional capacity development since it creates a functional but artificial and independent project system within the college system and takes over any local institutional support structure that it might seek to develop. Fostering continuous learning and capacity development, St²eep’s participatory approach was shown to contribute to a better understanding of the interconnectedness of factors that influence future sustainability of the project and the implementation of environmental education. This has assisted in the development of different scenarios on the sustainability of the project. The research shows that the project-ustainability planning process draws directly from St²eep’s ongoing learning process, with individual and institutional capacity development featuring strongly in the different scenarios, and with the external context such as the economic situation and the low priority of environmental education being recognised as important factors that need to be considered. Drawing on the findings from the case study, this study makes a tentative recommendation that donor organisations should focus more on capacity-development initiatives and avoid taking on a strong operational role in project activities. The research also recommends that there is need for a deliberate focus on both the political and learning dimensions of the participation process in order to foster local ownership. Making the learning aspect much more central in St²eep is presented as a possible strategy for motivating a larger number of college lecturers to become involved in the project and the implementation of environmental education. The study also urges St²eep to combine the different scenarios that have emerged during the project sustainability planning process and to focus on the benefits that stakeholders want to see sustained.

Rezensiertes Werk: Christiane Caemmerer, Jörg Jungmayr und Eef Overgaauw (Hrsg. ), Flugblätter von der frühen Neuzeit bis zur Gegenwart als kulturhistorische Quellen und bibliothekarische Sondermaterialien, Frankfurt/M. 2010

A collection of techniques, featured in my portfolio of compositions, which aim to support or bring about the re-emergence of musical ideas or objects in varied form. Chapter 1 observes the opposing approaches of Elliott Carter and Philip Glass towards musical repetition, and asserts my intention to use variation, or “varied repetition”, in order to place my own music at the centre of these two approaches. Compositional technique is then put forward as the means by which I intend to create varied repetition. I use Stravinsky’s rotational method as an example of such a technique. The introduction ends with some vital definitions. Chapter 2 offers two techniques, which both use rhythmic rotation in order to create varied repetition. Chapter 3 looks at a work by Harrison Birtwistle, which explores textural enrichment, and then develops the idea to apply two techniques that support variation. Chapter 4 offers examples from the music of Michael Tippett as a starting point for my “broken sequence” technique. Chapter 5 discusses one use of isorhythm by Olivier Messiaen and offers a further, personal approach towards the technique. Chapter 6 gives two methods by which harmonic transformation is achieved through incremental intervallic alterations. Chapter 7 takes a general glance at the musical language specific to the portfolio and suggests possible musical forebears. Chapter& 8 reiterates the importance of compositional techniques as observable mechanisms through which varied repetition can be achieved, and then details some of the developments my music has undergone during my doctorate. I conclude by asserting that the key to finding the middle ground between Elliott Carter and Philip Glass’s respective approaches towards repetition lies in the creation of a satisfying balance between repetition and variation.

Il tirocinio è stato svolto presso l’azienda IMA SpA presso la divisione Active. In particolare, la divisione Active è specializzata nella produzione di macchine per la lavorazione di solidi orali. Il parco macchine della divisione Active si suddivide in due gruppi principali: macchine automatiche e macchine di processo. Le macchine di processo, a cui si rivolge l'elaborato, sono principalmente progettate per la produzione di granulato e il rivestimento di forme solidi orali (compresse). Lo scopo della tesi è confrontare due modalità di conduzione del processo di rivestimento: continuo e batch. Rispettivamente, per il confronto, viene usata la macchina Croma per il caso continuo, e la macchina Perfima 200 per il caso batch. Per capire i parametri che ottimizzano i due processi, dunque le migliori condizioni di lavoro per ottenere le massime prestazioni della macchina, bisogna affidarsi a prove di laboratorio, all’utilizzo di parametri indicatori della bontà del processo (EEF) e all’ausilio del metodo chemiometrico del Design of Experiments (DOE). L’obiettivo principale è la valutazione, a parità di parametri, dell’Environmental Efficiency Factor (EEF) delle due apparecchiature: questo coefficiente ci permette di comprendere se il processo di rivestimento effettuato sia accettabile dando informazioni sulla qualità del prodotto finale. Attraverso lo svolgimento di bilanci di materia e di energia per le due macchine si è ottenuta un’espressione teorica di tale fattore di efficienza che ha consentito di confrontare le performance del processo a batch e di quello in continuo. La tecnica del DOE consente di facilitare l’approccio alla progettazione, ridurre i costi di laboratorio ed ottenere risultati basati su tecniche di analisi statistica; in questo elaborato è stata introdotta nella parte di sviluppi futuri, in quanto, per questioni di tempo, non è stato possibile effettuare un numero di prove tali da ottimizzare i parametri.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is a wealthy country but faces multiple economic and social challenges. Economically, the country depends almost entirely on a single natural resource i.e. oil, which will be eventually exhausted. About sixty seven percent of Saudi’s native population is under 30 years of age and about 30 percent of 15-29 years old Saudis are unemployed. The country thus needs to diversify its economy and create job opportunities for its young unemployed population. A way forward in this regard could be supporting and promoting young people to engage in economic and entrepreneur activities, which could be facilitated by entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship has long been considered as a driver of innovation, a generator of employment opportunities and a potential wealth creator for both individuals and organisations. Academic literature supports the belief that with appropriate entrepreneurship education the number of would-be entrepreneurs can be increased. This study investigated the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs) on entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions amongst university students in the KSA. The conceptual model tested in this research was based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Based on a quantitative approach, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to two groups: participants studying entrepreneurship courses as part of their degrees (to be known as EEPs Group) and participants not undertaking any entrepreneurship studies as part of their courses (Control Group). The data collection took place at the beginning of the semester (Pre-test/t1) in April 2010 and at the end of the semester (Post-test/t2) in July 2010. After screening, a final matched sample of 491 completed questionnaires for the EEPs Group and 184 for the Control Group was used for data analysis. The results of this empirical study revealed that the intention to become self-employed was positively and significantly correlated to attitudes regarding self-employment, to subjective norms and to perceived behavioural control. However, for entrepreneurial education, the intention to become self-employed was neither positively nor significantly correlated with new business start-up activities. For policy-makers in KSA, the study provides useful insights into the situation of entrepreneurship education, will aid planners in universities and the KSA government to address unemployment of young by creating greater entrepreneurial awareness, and thus, hopefully, jobs through entrepreneurship activities. This study has confirmed that EEPs has a significant contribution in developing entrepreneurial attitudes among university students. Thus, entrepreneurial skills could be inculcated in the younger Saudi generation early on in their lives by institutionalising enterprising and entrepreneurship knowledge, skills and culture through education and learning starting from the high school level to the university level. In addition, there is a need for changing behaviour and intentions towards, and creating awareness about, entrepreneurship and self-employment among Saudis using different channels of communications such as the electronic media including the social media.

The increase in capacity demand along with the advancement in digital signal processing (DSP) have recently revived the interest in coherent optical communications and led to its commercialization. However, design and development of robust DSP algorithms for example for carrier phase recovery (CPR) becomes complex as we opt for high order modulation formats such as 16QAM and beyond. Further, electrical-domain dispersion compensation (EDC), while providing many advantages, makes the system more susceptible to laser frequency noise (FN). For instance, in coherent optical links with post-reception EDC, while the transmitter frequency noise causes only phase impairment, the local oscillator (LO) FN in these systems results in a noise enhancement in both amplitude and phase. This noise is commonly known as equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN). It results in asymmetric requirements for transmitter laser and LO laser. Further, the system design in the presence of lasers with non-white frequency noise becomes increasingly challenging for increased capacity-distance product. The main contributions of this thesis are, firstly, an experimentally validated theory of coherent optical links with lasers having general non-white frequency noise spectrum and corresponding system/laser design criteria and mitigation technique. Secondly, low complexity and high phase noise tolerant CPR for high order modulation formats. The general theory propounded in this thesis elucidates the origin of the laser frequency noise induced noise enhancement in coherent optical links with different DSP configurations. The thesis establishes the existence of multiple frequency noise regimes and shows that each regime results in different set of impairments. The influence of the impairments due to some regimes can ideally be reduced by optimizing the corresponding mitigation algorithms, while other regimes cause irretrievable impairments. Experimentally validated theoretical boundaries of these regimes and corresponding criteria applicable to system/laser design are provided. Further, an EEPN mitigation method and its two possible implementations are proposed and discussed. The thesis also demonstrates an intrinsic limitation of the conventional Blind Phase Search (BPS) algorithm due to angular quantization and provides methods to overcome it. Finally, this thesis proposes and demonstrates single stage and multi-stage carrier phase recovery algorithms for compensation of phase impairments due to the two lasers for higher order circular and square modulations. The proposed methods outperform the state of art algorithms both in performance and in complexity.

QC 20170516

European project ICONE gr. #608099

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has relatively recently been added to a list of endogenously produced gaseous signalling molecules. Our understanding of the science of H2S has advanced rapidly in recent years as exemplified by the fact that within a mere 10 years a range of H2S releasing drugs have already been discovered and some indeed are entering clinical trials. However, the precise biological roles of endogenous H2S are not fully understood. In this respect, slow releasing H2S donors, such as GYY4137, have played a part in elucidating the complex roles of this gas in the body and are also beginning to show promise as possible therapeutics in inflammation - an area in which the function of H2S remains ambiguous. This thesis attempts to provide some additional clarity to the biological significance endogenous H2S. The first part of this work examines the release of endothelial cell derived H2S in vitro and the consequences of knocking out nitric oxide synthase on tissue H2S biosynthesis in mice. As part of this study, I show that the methods currently utilised to measure H2S are insufficiently sensitive/reliable to demonstrate the release of H2S synthesis from endothelial cells in vitro. In addition, data reported herein has demonstrated that knocking out endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) results in a presumably compensatory increase in tissue H2S synthesising activity associated with increased protein levels of the H2S synthesising enzyme, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). The second part of this thesis examines the role of H2S in inflammation and provides further evidence for its anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this thesis has shown the ‘added benefit’ of slow-releasing H2S donors (c.f. 3 conventional sulpide salt based donors) in that the H2S released from slow-releasing donors is sustained and does not instantaneously expose cells to potentially cytotoxic amounts of H2S. Identifying a need for additional slow releasing H2S donors attempts were made to examine the H2S releasing ability and antioxidant capacity of a library of additional compounds. As a result of this work, a novel compound, ZJ802 was shown to exhibit more potent antioxidant ability than the currently commercially available H2S donors and was further shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the roles of H2S in physiology are not clear. Current methods to detect H2S are flawed. Thus, the necessity for pharmacological tools, such as slow releasing H2S donors and selective H2S synthesising enzyme inhibitors, cannot be overemphasised. Whilst the possible use of H2S donors in the clinic has been raised there is still a need for more detailed preclinical, pharmacokinetic and long term drug safety and toxicological studies.

Polyphenols are known to be major inhibitors of dietary non-haem iron bioavailability, mainly through their action as iron chelators. In this present study Caco-2 cells were used to investigate the influence of quercetin, the most abundant flavonol in the diet, on non-haem iron bioavailability using 55Fe, and the gene expression of intestinal iron transporters as measured via qPCR. Chronic exposure to quercetin (24 hours) had no significant effect on iron uptake but iron efflux was significantly decreased. Consistent with this, qPCR analysis revealed a significant decrease in basolateral transport genes ferroportin (FPN) and hephaestin expression suggesting polyphenols may have direct gene regulatory effects. Exploring the cellular mechanisms underlying quercetin-induced FPN down-regulation, transfection of 5’FPN promoter constructs showed quercetin did not affect activity but did decrease FPN1A mRNA whilst increasing FPN1B expression; this suggests that although FPN1B is specific to intestinal epithelial cells, FPN1A remains the major isoform. FPN 3’UTR miRNA array analysis identified candidate hsa-miR-17-3p to be significantly activated by quercetin (1.5 fold) and qPCR validation confirmed up-regulation of 101 ± 25.1 -fold (p<0.01). This represents a novel mechanism of quercetin-induced miRNA-mediated regulation of FPN. In HepG2 cells quercetin stimulated hepcidin expression and inhibited ferroportin gene expression; this may provide an additional means of regulating systemic iron levels. Quercetin was shown to be both pro- and anti- proliferative/apoptotic dependent on the concentration used which may have beneficial consequences for liver pathology of iron-overload diseases. In contrast to findings in Caco-2 cells, in Thp1 macrophages quercetin caused a significant dose-dependent increase in FPN expression. Furthermore, quercetin induced both FPN1A and 1B promoter activities. This strongly implies that quercetin acts at the level of the FPN promoter to increase FPN expression - an effect specific to macrophages only. This demonstrates that quercetin has cell-specific effects and its actions on FPN are differentially regulated dependent on cell/tissue type. The results show that quercetin can have multiple effects on iron homeostasis. Given its relatively long half-life in the circulation, repeated dietary intake of quercetin could lead to plasma accumulation in vivo. This may have important consequences for conditions that are low in iron such as anaemia; alternatively it has therapeutic potential for iron overload diseases such as haemochromatosis. By deducing the mechanisms of how dietary polyphenols interact with our intake of essential nutrients such as iron, intake can be optimised to harness the potential benefits polyphenols have to offer.

This dissertation examines the compliance and performance of a large sample of faith based (religious) ethical funds - the Shari'ah-compliant equity funds (SEFs), which may be viewed as a form of ethical investing. SEFs screen their investment for compliance with Islamic law, where riba (conventional interest expense), maysir (gambling), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and non-halal (non-ethical) products are prohibited. Using a set of stringent Shari'ah screens similar to those of MSCI Islamic, we first examine the extent to which SEFs comply with the Shari'ah law. Results show that only about 27% of the equities held by SEFs are Shari'ah-compliant. While most of the fund holdings pass the business screens, only about 42% pass the total debt to total assets ratio screen. This finding suggests that, in order to overcome a significant reduction in the investment opportunity, Shari'ah principles are compromised, with SEFs adopting lax screening rules so as to achieve a financial performance. While younger funds and funds that charge higher fees and are domiciled in more Muslim countries are more Shari'ah-compliant, we find little evidence of a positive relationship between fund disclosure of the Shari'ah compliance framework and Shari'ah-compliance. Clearly, Shari'ah compliance remains a major challenge for fund managers and SEF investors should be aware of Shari'ah-compliance risk since the fund managers do not always fulfill their fiduciary obligation, as promised in their prospectus. Employing a matched firm approach for a survivorship free sample of 387 SEFs, we then examine an issue that has been heavily debated in the literature: Does ethical screening reduce investment performance? Results show that it does but only by an average of 0.04% per month if benchmarked against matched conventional funds - this is a relatively small price to pay for religious faith. Cross-sectional regressions show an inverse relationship between Shari'ah compliance and fund performance: every one percentage increase in total compliance decreases fund performance by 0.01% per month. However, compliance fails to explain differences in the performance between SEFs and matched funds. Although SEFs do not generally perform better during crisis periods, further analysis shows evidence of better performance relative to conventional funds only during the recent Global Financial Crisis; the latter is consistent with popular media claims.

This thesis investigates the production and consumption of the independent music sector in South Korea in the digital age. It examines the value of music and how it is created in the digital age. Thus, it suggests the impacts of the Internet for consumers and producers. The investigation is based on the view that there has been a transition to value co-creation by consumers and producers, away from the traditional view of value being produced by firms alone, and that this value can be symbolic, emotional and experiential. The thesis shows that this transition has indeed occurred in the music industry. To investigate value and value creation in popular music in the digital age, an in-depth single case study of the independent music industry in South Korea is conducted. Qualitative data was collected, using semi-structured interviews, from independent music consumers and independent record labels. This research reveals that consumers’ music consumption is made up of both information-processing and experiential behaviours. Their desire to minimize the inappropriateness and maximize the appropriateness of independent music and its culture contributes to its sustainment and expansion. This research also reveals the online practices of consumers, categorized into three themes: acquisition, relationship and engagement. In addition, the examination of music communities in South Korea shows that consumers are resource integrators. It reveals that the consumption communities are organized and maintained through various operant resources of the participants. The data from the independent record labels reveals that they are trying hard to interact with consumers and benefit from the new media. They are found to conduct four value (co)creation strategies: contacting, bonding, spreading and managing. Finally, this research shows that difficulties in utilizing social media can be categorized into the following: adaptability, uncontrollability, representability and applicability. The key contributions of this research are as follows: Firstly, it extends our understanding of the symbolic consumption of music. Secondly, it identifies a form of consumption community, which can be termed a ‘co-creative consumption community’. Lastly, it demonstrates the value (co)creation practices used by consumers and the strategies used by producers. These findings extend the existing knowledge and suggest new evidence that contributes to an increased understanding of the concept of value co-creation, and to consumer research in general. In addition, the findings will benefit marketers and producers, especially in cultural industries such as the music industry.

This thesis details an experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigation into helicon wave propagation in the presence of low diverging magnetic fields (< 5 m T). Experiments are performed in the Piglet helicon reactor, which consists of a Pyrex source tube connected to a larger aluminium diffusion chamber. A double-saddle field antenna (operated at 13.56 MHz), is used to create both the plasma and launch helicon waves, while the diverging magnetic field is produced by a number of solenoids that surround both the antenna and source tube. Experiments are conducted with argon gas in the pressure range 0.04-0.4 Pa, and for rf input powers below 400 W. As the magnetic field is increased (using single solenoid), the plasma density is observed to increase rapidly over a narrow range of magnetic values (between about 1 mT < Bo < 5 mT), where a distinct density peak is formed. The density at the maximum of the peak (>1017 m-3 ) is more than an order of magnitude larger than that before or after, and is associated with a corresponding peak in the measured antenna resistance; showing that a larger percentage of the input power is deposited within the plasma. In the presence of the diverging magnetic field an ion beam is observed to form simultaneously with the low –field helicon mode. The ion beam, which is present for argon gas pressures below around 0.3 Pa, is produced by upstream ions accelerated by a decreasing plasma potential set up by the spatially decaying plasma density profile. An analytical model, based on simple flux conservation, is developed to describe the general features and behaviour of the observed ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs), which are found to be strong functions of the plasma potential profile and neutral gas pressure. During the low-field mode, m = 1 helicon waves was observed with B-dot probes in the source region of Piglet. With just a single solenoid producing the magnetic field, waves are prevented reaching the downstream region (that is, the waves appear “trapped”), but slight modifications to the magnetic field geometry allows the axial distance over which waves can propagate to be controlled. Critical to the modification of the wave propagation behaviour is the magnetic field strength ( and geometry) near the exit of the plasma source region, which gives electron cyclotron frequencies close to the wave frequency of 13.56MHz. By solving the wave equation using cold plasma approximation, and separately by making use of a 1D electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, wave propagation and absorption are investigated in the presence of a low diverging magnetic field. The numerical results from both studies are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements, and provide strong evidence to suggest that the observed wave “trapping” is due to electron cyclotron damping of helicon waves in the spatially decaying magnetic field; an electron heating process not usually dominant in conventional helicon discharges, thus opening up additional possibilities for the use and optimization of helicon systems in processing and propulsion applications.

eEF-2K, also known as CaM kinase-III, is an atypical protein kinase which negatively regulates the global rate of protein synthesis through the phosphorylation and inactivation of its substrate eEF-2. Recently eEF-2K has been validated as a novel target for anti-cancer therapy. However, a detailed understanding of the role of eEF-2K in cancer biology is unavailable. Mechanistic studies can often provide an understanding of enzyme function. Therefore, we determined the kinetic mechanism of eEF-2K using a peptide substrate (Acetyl-RKKYKFNEDTERRRFL-amide). We found that eEF-2K adopts a ternary-complex, steady state ordered mechanism, with ATP binding required before the peptide substrate. A good cellular inhibitor is required for elucidating the role of eEF-2K in cancer biology. To date, NH125 is the only inhibitor used to investigate the activity of eEF-2K in cells. Although it is reported as a specific inhibitor of eEF-2K, its exact mode of action has not been reported. Through in-vitro assays and cellular studies, we found that NH125 is a non-specific inhibitor of eEF-2K that blocks eEF-2 phosphorylation in cells. There is a great demand for specific inhibitors of eEF-2K. We developed a fluorescence high throughput assay system for eEF-2K. The assay utilizes the peptide substrate labeled with a Sox moiety whose phosphorylation can be monitored at 485 nm in the presence of magnesium. We also validated the assay in a screen of 30,000 compounds in 384 well plates. We found the assay to be robust and identified a relatively specific inhibitor of eEF-2K and determined its mechanism of action. We found it behaved as a slowly reversible inhibitor of eEF-2K with a two step inhibition mechanism - fast initial binding at the enzyme active site, followed by a slower inactivation step. We propose that the nitrile group on the compound binds to the active site thiol in the enzyme covalently forming a reversible thioimidate adduct to inactivate the enzyme.
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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電機工程系
105
Sensorless control of motor estimates the motor speed by its voltage and current characteristics instead of the encoder. The different speed is able to influence motor characteristics and accuracy estimation. Extensive speed range estimation is another main point besides accuracy estimation. In this thesis, the sensorless control methods of the back electromotive force estimation method and the high frequency injection method for the synchronous reluctance motor were proposed. The back electromotive force estimation method estimates rotor angle by using the back electromotive force which is proportional to the rotor speed at high speeds. High frequency injection method is injecting a high frequency signal into the motor, and analyzing signal to capture information of the rotor angle. The motor at standstill state and low speeds has a good estimation effect for high frequency injection method. In this thesis, we combine two kinds of the above estimation methods for high and low speeds to increase the estimated speed range at the accuracy estimation. We improve the reliability of the motor without sensor.

碩士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
93
Wireless sensor networks is one of the hottest academic topics in recent years. In usually, it’s hard to replace the batteries due to its tough application environment. So, energy-saving is one of the important issues in wireless sensor network research field. 　Continuous monitoring is one of application for wireless sensor networks. In this application, each sensor node should send its sensing data forward base station in a cycle round periodically. We propose a novel energy-efficient and collision free scheduling algorithm for continuous monitoring application in this thesis. We schedule the working duration for each sensor node and let it be at active mode just when needed and save energy by letting each sensor node to be at sleep mode which consumes less energy than active mode in the other leisure time.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
96
The video compression standard H.264 is an efficient coding technique for video applications, but H.264 bitstream is sensitive to errors which occurs in the transmission of data. In this thesis, a new layer-interleave equal error protection scheme is proposed. Basically, we analysis the significance of the H.264 bitstream to separate into two different levels and interlace bitstream to avoid the occurance of the burst error to improve the performance of video quality. Experiment results show that this new error protection method, under the same code rare and almost the same bandwidth, the PSNR performance of the proposed architecture can improve to the value of 2.54dB when the SNR is 5dB. Xilinx Vertix-4 FPGA is used to verify the proposed architecture. Finally, the proposed Layer-Interleaver encoder and Layer-Interleaver decoder are designed by using TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process. The operation frequency of these chips is 200MHz. The chip size including I/O PAD of the Layer-Interleaver encoder is 2.01 × 2.43 mm2 and the Layer-Interleaver decoder is 2.42 × 2.02 mm2 .

Chu Lai On.
Thesis submitted in: July 2004.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-172).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.2
Abstract --- p.3
Table of Content --- p.7
Abbreviations --- p.12
Naming system for mutant proteins --- p.13
Abbreviations for amino acid --- p.14
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.15
Chapter 1.1 --- Structure-function relationship of trichosanthin --- p.18
Chapter 1.2 --- Properties of acidic ribosomal P-proteins --- p.21
Chapter 1.3 --- Interaction among P-proteins and trichosanthin --- p.25
Chapter 1.4 --- Properties of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 and interaction with P-proteins --- p.26
Chapter 1.5 --- "Objectives and strategy of studying the interaction among trichosanthin, P-proteins and eukaryotic elongation 2" --- p.30
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.33
Chapter 2.1 --- General techniques --- p.33
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Preparation and transformation of Escherichia coli competent cells --- p.33
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Minipreparation of plasmid DNA using Wizard Plus SV Minipreps DNA purification kit from Promega --- p.34
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA --- p.36
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Purification of DNA from agarose gel using Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System from Promega --- p.36
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) --- p.37
Chapter 2.1.5.1 --- Basic Protocol --- p.37
Chapter 2.1.5.2 --- Generation of P2 truncation mutants --- p.38
Chapter 2.1.5.3 --- Generation of TCS mutants --- p.39
Chapter 2.1.6 --- Restriction digestion of DNA --- p.41
Chapter 2.1.7 --- Ligation of DNA fragments --- p.41
Chapter 2.1.8 --- SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.42
Chapter 2.1.9 --- Staining of protein in polyacrylamide gel --- p.45
Chapter 2.2 --- Expression and purification of recombinant proteins --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Bacterial culture, harvesting and lysis" --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Purification of recombinant TCS and mutants --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Purification of acidic ribosomal protein P2 and mutants --- p.48
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Purification of MBP-fusion proteins --- p.50
Chapter 2.3 --- Purification of eEF2 from rat livers --- p.51
Chapter 2.4 --- In vitro binding assay by NHS-activated Sepharose resin --- p.53
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Coupling of protein sample to NHS-activated Sepharose resin --- p.53
Chapter 2.4.2 --- In vitro binding of protein sample to coupled NHS-activated resin --- p.54
Chapter 2.5 --- Ribosome-inactivated activity assay using rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation system --- p.55
Chapter 2.6 --- Circular dichroism (CD)spectrometry --- p.57
Chapter 2.7 --- Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiment --- p.57
Chapter 2.8 --- Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiment --- p.58
Chapter 2.8.1 --- Immobilization of P2 onto aminosilane cuvette --- p.58
Chapter 2.8.2 --- Interaction between eEF2 and immobilized P2 --- p.60
Chapter 2.9 --- Preparation of Anti-P antibody --- p.61
Chapter 2.10 --- Western blotting of protein --- p.62
Chapter 2.11 --- Reagents and buffer --- p.64
Chapter 2.11.1 --- Reagents for competent cell preparation --- p.64
Chapter 2.11.2 --- Nucleic acids electrophoresis buffer --- p.65
Chapter 2.11.3 --- Media for bacterial culture --- p.66
Chapter 2.11.4 --- Buffers for TCS purification --- p.67
Chapter 2.11.5 --- Buffers for eEF2 purification --- p.68
Chapter 2.11.6 --- Reagents for SDS-PAGE --- p.68
Chapter 2.11.7 --- Reagents and buffers for Western blot --- p.70
Chapter 2.11.8 --- Reagents and buffers for coupling sample proteins to NHS-activated Sepharose resin --- p.72
Chapter 2.11.9 --- Reagents and buffers for in vitro binding assay --- p.72
Chapter 2.11.10 --- Reagents and Buffers for surface plasmon resonance --- p.72
Chapter 2.12 --- Sequences of primers --- p.73
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Interaction between TCS and P2 --- p.80
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.80
Chapter 3.2 --- Interaction between TCS and P-proteins in rat liver lysate --- p.83
Chapter 3.3 --- Construction of TCS mutants --- p.85
Chapter 3.4 --- Expression and purification of TCS mutants --- p.87
Chapter 3.5 --- Biological assay of TCS mutants --- p.91
Chapter 3.6 --- Physical interaction of TCS mutants and P2 by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) --- p.94
Chapter 3.7 --- Discussion --- p.100
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Mapping the region of P2 that binds TCS and eEF2 --- p.104
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.104
Chapter 4.2 --- Construction of P2 truncation mutants --- p.106
Chapter 4.3 --- Expression and purification of P2 truncation mutants --- p.107
Chapter 4.4 --- Mapping the region of P2 that binds TCS --- p.111
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Interaction between TCS and P2 mutants by in vitro binding assay --- p.111
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Interaction study of TCS and P2 mutant by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) --- p.116
Chapter 4.5 --- Mapping the region of P2 that binds eEF2 --- p.120
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Purification of eEF2 from rat liver --- p.120
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Physical interaction of P2 and eEF2 by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) --- p.126
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Interaction between eEF2 and P2 mutants by in vitro binding assay --- p.128
Chapter 4.6 --- Mapping the C-terminal region of P2 by MBP-fusion proteins --- p.130
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Construction and purification of MBP-fusion proteins --- p.131
Chapter 4.6.2 --- "Interaction among eEF2, TCS and MBP-fusion proteins by in vitro binding assay" --- p.133
Chapter 4.7 --- Discussion --- p.137
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Effect of C-17 peptide on TCS biological activity --- p.143
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.143
Chapter 5.2 --- Ribosome-inactivating activity of TCS with C-17 peptide --- p.145
Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.147
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and suggestions for future study --- p.149
References --- p.152
Appendix --- p.173

Esta investigação tem como objetivo identificar aspectos associados às expectativas de resultados e motivações empreendedoras que poderão influenciar os estudantes portugueses do ensino superior à seguir carreira empreendedora. Para testar empiricamente as hipóteses, foram utilizados dados secundários extraídos do EEP (Entrepreneurship Education Project) aplicado em Portugal. A EEP é um projeto realizado em mais de 80 países e que abrange mais de 400 universidades. Este trabalho faz uma análise dos dados desta pesquisa aplicada em Portugal, com uma especificidade em relação às expectativas de resultados e motivações empreendedoras. Em resumo, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os componentes do processo de ensino do empreendedorismo e a forma que esses componentes podem ter impacto e levar a um ensino mais estruturado e eficiente desta temática. Este trabalho analisa os conceitos de empreendedorismo, o ensino voltado para o empreendedorismo e uma abordagem teórica sobre as expectativas de resultados e motivações empreendedoras. Após esta abordagem teórica, é feito um estudo estatístico dos dados provenientes do EEP - Portugal e, em seguida, os resultados são discutidos. A amostra considerada para a análise dos resultados incluiu um universo total de 2054 respostas das instituições de ensino superior portuguesas. Para analisar os dados, foi utilizado testes estatísticos de regressão logística, análise fatorial e testes não paramétricos para comparação de médias entre duas amostras independentes. Como resultado, identifica-se que a expectativa de resultados relacionada com a Autonomia pode ter um impacto relevante nos alunos portugueses do ensino superior que pretendem ter seu próprio projeto empresarial. Pode-se concluir também que aspectos como os membros da família que criaram um projeto empresarial, experiência anterior de trabalho e experiência anterior de trabalho em projeto que falhou podem afetar a propensão para criar e gerenciar um novo projeto empresarial.
This research aims to identify aspects associated to the outcome expectations and entrepreneurial motivations that are predicted to influence Portuguese students to follow entrepreneurial career. To empirically test the hypothesis, we used secondary data taken from the survey EEP (Entrepreneurship Education Project) applied in Portugal. The EEP is a joint project conducted in over 80 countries with coverage of more than 400 universities. This work performs an analysis of data of this questionnaire applied in Portugal, with a specificity regarding the outcome expectations and entrepreneurial motivations. In summary, this study aims to identify components of the process of entrepreneurship teaching and the way that those components can influence and lead to a more structured and efficient teaching of this subject. It is an approach that reviews the concepts of entrepreneurship, the education of entrepreneurship and a theoretical approach about the outcome expectations and entrepreneurial motivations. After this theoretical approach, it´s made a statistical study of the results of the EEP questionnaire - Portugal and then the results are discussed. The sample was considered for result analysis of this study included a total universe of 2054 responses from Portuguese members of EEP. To these tests, we used the logistic regression for the outcome expectations and entrepreneurial motivations. Used first a factor analysis and after a nonparametric test for comparison of means of two independent samples. It can be seen that the look on the expected results Autonomy, may have a relevant impact when we analyze the outcome expectations by the Portuguese students of higher education. May also be conclude that aspects such as family members who have created a business project, previous work experience and previous work experience that failed may affect the propensity to create and manage a new business project.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Biologia Marinha e Conservação
Com o tempo, o homem tem vindo a tomar cada vez mais consciência da grande importância da proteção, preservação e recuperação do meio ambiente, assim como das espécies ameaçadas. Aliadas à missão de conservação estão várias entidades que, diariamente, trabalham com intuito de manter populações saudáveis e autossustentáveis. Este estudo apresenta os resultados da análise demográfica e genética da população do Leão-marinho-da-califórnia [Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828)], espécie gerida no âmbito de Programa ex situ da EAZA (EEP). Realizou-se um questionário que foi enviado a diversas instituições, com o objetivo de criar um Plano de Gestão a Longo Prazo para a espécie, através de um bom controlo do tamanho da sua população. Os dados desta população encontram-se registados no seu Studbook desde 1991, dados estes que são essenciais para monitorizar e gerir o estabelecimento e o crescimento de populações mantidas em cativeiro, facilitando o desenvolvimento de uma população viável e ajudando a maximizar a diversidade genética e a estabilidade demográfica. Através da atualização e correção de erros do Studbook foi possível aumentar a percentagem de pedigree conhecido. Para a análise demográfica e genética da população utilizou-se o software PMx. Os resultados mostram que a população do EEP se encontra em crescimento, demostrando parâmetros demográficos positivos, tais como: taxa instantânea de crescimento (r =0,039); taxa de crescimento populacional (λ = 1,040) e; taxa líquida de reprodução (Ro = 1,605). Relativamente aos parâmetros genéticos, a diversidade genética da população é alta e tem potencial para aumentar, o que indica um bom estado genético.
Over time, man has become increasingly aware of the great importance of protecting, preserving, and recovering the environment, as well as threatened species. Allied to the conservation mission are several entities that work daily in order to maintain healthy and self-sustainable populations. This study presents the results of the demographic and genetic analysis of the population of the California Sea Lion [Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828)], a species managed under the EAZA Ex situ Programme (EEP). A questionnaire was prepared and sent to several institutions, with the aim of creating a long-term management plan for the species, through good control over the size of its population. This population's data has been recorded in a Studbook since 1991. This data is essential to monitor and manage the establishment and growth of populations kept in captivity, facilitating the development of a viable population, and helping to maximize genetic diversity and demographic stability. By updating and correcting Studbook errors, it was possible to increase the percentage of pedigree known. For the demographic and genetic analysis of the population, the PMx software was used. The results show that the population of the EEP is growing, showing positive demographic parameters, such as: instantaneous growth rate (r = 0.039); population growth rate (λ = 1,040); net reproductive rate (Ro = 1.605). Regarding genetic parameters, the genetic diversity of the population is high and has the potential to increase, which indicates a good genetic status.