Дисертації з теми "Éducation positive"
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Métais, Clément. "Quelle direction pour les programmes scolaires de résilience ? Une analyse de l'impact de la résilience sur l'épanouissement de l'élève." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0183.
Повний текст джерелаThe mental health of young people in France and around the world has been deteriorating for several years. Currently, there is an increase in anxiety, stress, and behavioral problems among adolescents, with depression being a major cause of suffering for those aged 15 to 19. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these issues by causing many adolescents to experience a lack of physical activity and outdoor time, disrupted sleep patterns, and social isolation. During this crucial period of their development, the school environment also represents a stressful setting, with factors such as school violence, workload, and parental expectations for success. School burnout is a reality for many students, potentially leading to academic failure and impacting their mental health.However, schools also represent universal environments with the potential for significant and wide-scale actions in favor of mental health. It is possible to consolidate and promote the resources of adolescents, whether they are personal and internal, or rather external, provided by the school environment. School-based resilience programs represent one of such solutions. They aim to prevent mental health problems and promote the well-being of students. More precisely, they are interventions that enable adolescents to develop the skills and resources necessary to flourish and to cope with adversity.With the aim of contributing to the enrichment of the theoretical and empirical framework of this field of education (i.e., resilience and well-being education), and thus helping to develop such interventions in the school environment, the objective of this thesis can be formulated as follows: to improve the understanding of the mechanisms and role of resilience in the field of positive psychology and positive education, in order to help students thrive and cope with present and future adversities.The results of two experiments conducted in French middle and high schools as part of this thesis show that the demands and resources perceived by the student at school, as well as optimism (a notable antecedent of resilience), have a direct effect on burnout. Additionally, optimism and perceived resources also have a direct effect on resilience. In turn, resilience acts as a mediator on the student's flourishing and life satisfaction. This link is then confirmed in a longitudinal perspective, as resilience positively influences student's flourishing throughout the school year.Therefore, shaping the content of resilience programs in a way to (1) foster the development of skills that enable students to cope with demands and (2) promote their resources (e.g., optimism) and those provided by the school, could help reduce burnout and improve their resilience, thereby promoting their flourishing and life satisfaction
Fernández, Vavrik Germán. "Comprendre l'exception : la discrimination positive à l'Université en Argentine." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0039.
Повний текст джерелаSince 2003, the University of Cuyo has been carrying out a program of affirmative action as yet unprecedented in Argentina: the Program for Huarpes Communities and Rural Boarding Schools. This scholarship program offers practical assistance and spécial tutoring to a group of students who originate from the most isolated rural areas of the province of Mendoza. Half of the beneficiaries belong to the Huarpes indigenous people, an ethnie group whose very existence is denied by some académies from the University of Cuyo itself. This affirmative action program means that the University of Cuyo has broken with two of the traditional principles on which the Argentinian welfare state rests: the «color-blindness» principle and the universalist one. The departures from those principles, considered as exceptions, require carefully worded justification in order to keep them from being considered | as simple violations of the norm. What strategies do the various actors involved — students, administrative employees, program promoters and university professors — develop to render both understandable and acceptable the exceptional character of the measures implied by the PBCHEA program ? My findings show that while the professors and people in charge of the program consider the rural students as being neweomers in need of special assistance, the students themselves define their own position quite differently. Indeed, they consider themselves to be ethnographers of sorts, able to spell out the rules governing the different settings in which they live
Zéphir, Stéphane. "Des différentes modalités de l’expérience minoritaire dans l’espace urbain d’une Zone d’Education Prioritaire : les effets paradoxaux d’une action positive." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2011.
Повний текст джерелаThis research, based on an extended period of fieldwork and empirical, inductive observations in an Educational Priority Area, analyzes the different educational modalities used in the creation and educational treatment of otherness among students and families by education professionals. The analyse aims to take into account the diverse schooling experiences of certain students, using a phenomenological approach, while taking care to recreate the interaction dynamic that governs relationships between different parties. Emerging the principle of normative neutrality of the universalist model of the Ecole Républicaine and the interactive dynamics observed in the field, one observes pragmatic adjustments that give rise to phenomena of reification and ethnicization of certain populations. The present analysis seeks to describe, based on a corpus collected during this research, the way these adjustments emerge, are redefined and sometimes contested even within interactive situations. From these descriptions, it is possible to draw conclusions regarding the significant changes to the educational experience in this context, namely the degradation of relationships between education professionals and students. This deterioration has led to a process of delegitimization of the educational process in this Educational Priority Area by some middle-school students and a loss of confidence in the school’s supposed effectiveness in protecting students from social relegation
Souza, Joiciane Aparecida de. "Les politiques de discrimination positive dans les grandes écoles : l'expérience de Sciences Po et de ses "inclus de l'extérieur"." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H010.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation aims to verify the extent to which policies of affirmative action contribute to the access and success of lower class youth in the context of the French grandes écoles (elite colleges), by analysing the experience of Educational Priority Conventions (CEP) set up by the Institute of Political Studies in Paris (“Sciences Po”). A questionnaire was submitted to students admitted through the CEP (52 responses) and a second one to students admitted to “Sciences Po” through the four admission procedures: CEP, entrance exam, grade distinction and an international procedure (1,441 responses). Next, interviews were conducted with 31 students admitted to “Sciences Po” through the different admission procedures. We found that the beneficial effects of the CEP procedure are quite random. The CEP certainly diversifies the group of elite students to some extent – it is the procedure that recruits the highest proportion of students from the lower classes in “Sciences Po” – but our data also shows that the favoured social classes remain overrepresented compared to their proportion of the French population, even for this procedure, and that the actual number of students admitted through the CEP is quite small. The latter group of students, while contributing to a relative ethnic, social, cultural and territorial diversity within the Institute, live the process of integration differently from other students. In general, they feel and are seen by other students, at least initially, as "included from the outside", with a markedly different habitus and a lower linguistic, educational, cultural, social and economic capital. Although the evaluation of the CEP and its impacts by the students of “Sciences Po” is generally positive, they still believe that the procedure can be improved in some areas
Indarramendi, Cintia. "Politiques publiques et inégalités éducatives. Etude du programme intégral pour l’égalité éducative (PIIE 2003-2012) en Argentine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080011.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the analysis of targeted public policies in education. It studies their norms, the definition of inequality behind them, and then the processes of appropriation of these policies by actors from different levels of education the system. It proposes a diachronic analysis of the evolution of targeted education policies (PEP) in Argentina, from the Social Plan in the 90’s to the Integral Program for Educational Equality (PIIE). It also offers a synchronic comparison of the implementation of the PIIE at different levels of the Argentinian education system (national, provincial and school level).Behind the philosophical principles of Jacques Rancière, the PIIE opposes to the logic of compensation and treatment of social issues through school. It proposes to refocus school work on the educational aspects and to reaffirm the equal ability of all to learn. Through a qualitative survey in three Argentinian provinces, we study the unequal capacities of actors to take ownership of the policy. We then study educational initiatives designed and implemented by schools. Even if the principles of Argentinean targeted education policies seem to diverge from international tendencies of the "neo-liberal turn", the actions seem to converge with those of the "Northern countries" (more expressive pedagogies, less visible and more psychologizing of the educational difficulties). The point that brings together in practice opposing principles, "neoliberal" or "emancipatory", turns out to be the fact to not take into account the material conditions as determinants of thinking and learning activities
Maisonnave, Hélène. "La politique de discrimination positive en Afrique du sud : une analyse en équilibre général calculable." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0048.
Повний текст джерелаFifteen years after the end of apartheid in South Africa, inequalities remain within population. The state of the labor market is a reflection of the crippling legacies of the apartheid years and, as such, is a major challenge confronting the government. The government proposed an affirmative action on labor market to promote PHD to qualified jobs. In this work, we analyze with a CGE Model, the impact of this affirmative action policy on the South African economy and its impact on poverty, thanks to a TOP-DOWN analysis. We find that this policy is good for growth and poverty falls down for each population group. Then, we analyze this politic into a dynamic CGE Model and evaluate the results twenty years later. The impact steels good for the economy and the agents. As the most relevant in South African labor market is discrimination in the pre-labor market, the government decides to promote education to allow each South African to become qualified. We analyze the impact of this policy in a dynamic way, with a behavior function for student directly determined by the policy, so students can choose to go on studying or entering the labor market. Results we find are interesting, African become more qualified twenty years later. The policy has produced more qualified people, that was the main objective
Bencivenga, Rita. "Femmes et hommes face à l’ordinateur : histoires du développement d’une relation positive." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100212/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhen we talk about adults using computers, inequalities between women and men very often emerge, and particular emphasis is placed on the negative relationship which women supposedly have with computers. Studies on ways of reducing these inequalities have often been based on information collected by IT professionals or expert users. This leaves out the majority of normal users (both women and men). Therefore we have very little information on people who, although they are not experts or professionals, appreciate computers and use one regularly and confidently. This thesis is aimed at this particular group of people. The main objective was to gather information on how women and men who are regular but non-professional users can form positive relationships with ICT computers. Twenty-five narrative interviews were conducted with this aim in mind. Based on a comparison between the sexes, the study explores potential inequalities between women/men and examines the potential role of gender, that is, a “hierarchical system of norms for each sex”. The results show that positive relationships are based on the same aspects for both women and men. The influence of gender depends on power games and on recognising situations which defy the imagination, in which men are much closer to technology than women
Indarramendi, Cintia. "Politiques publiques et inégalités éducatives. Etude du programme intégral pour l’égalité éducative (PIIE 2003-2012) en Argentine." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080011.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the analysis of targeted public policies in education. It studies their norms, the definition of inequality behind them, and then the processes of appropriation of these policies by actors from different levels of education the system. It proposes a diachronic analysis of the evolution of targeted education policies (PEP) in Argentina, from the Social Plan in the 90’s to the Integral Program for Educational Equality (PIIE). It also offers a synchronic comparison of the implementation of the PIIE at different levels of the Argentinian education system (national, provincial and school level).Behind the philosophical principles of Jacques Rancière, the PIIE opposes to the logic of compensation and treatment of social issues through school. It proposes to refocus school work on the educational aspects and to reaffirm the equal ability of all to learn. Through a qualitative survey in three Argentinian provinces, we study the unequal capacities of actors to take ownership of the policy. We then study educational initiatives designed and implemented by schools. Even if the principles of Argentinean targeted education policies seem to diverge from international tendencies of the "neo-liberal turn", the actions seem to converge with those of the "Northern countries" (more expressive pedagogies, less visible and more psychologizing of the educational difficulties). The point that brings together in practice opposing principles, "neoliberal" or "emancipatory", turns out to be the fact to not take into account the material conditions as determinants of thinking and learning activities
Bencivenga, Rita. "Femmes et hommes face à l'ordinateur. Histoires du développement d'une relation positive." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858684.
Повний текст джерелаPoulet, Caroline. "Aspects psychologiques de l'observance thérapeutique chez des patients diagnostiqués avec un syndrome d'apnée du sommeil et traités par pression positive continue." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29032.
Повний текст джерелаFor patients suffering from Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, the most widely used treatment is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure therapy. However, national and international studies have brought to light the problem of adherence to this type of therapy. Over recent years, studies have emerged focussing on the subjective dimension of the patient's life in order to predict CPAP adherence. The aim of this study is to explore certain psychological aspects of the patients' reactions at the beginning of their CPAP and to study their role in the prediction of adherence to CPAP. This research involved 122 patients from the Grenoble region met during appointments which took place before the beginning of their CPAP and one month after. Six psychological evaluation tools were used in order to study quality of life (GSAQ), the subjective state of health (NHP, list of disease gravity), symptoms of depression and anxiety (HADS), patients' beliefs (ABS) and knowledge of OSA and of their CPAP therapy (AKT). In general, differences between "non-adherent" and "adherent" patients can be observed on subjective health measurements (6 psychological tools) but not on objective measurements (SMI, AHI, etc. ). The "adherent" patients tend to have more health complaints compared to "non-adherent" patients in the "emotional reactions" and "social isolation" areas of NHP. Having analysed the different variables using a decision tree, the behaviour of the "adherent" patients was accurately predicted in 86. 6% of cases thanks to the "emotional reactions" variable of NHP. Moreover, the patients who had somewhat negative beliefs or attitudes before beginning the CPAP therapy presented 2. 21 times more risk of being "non-adherent". Consequently, these results indicate the importance of evaluating the subjective health of OSA patients at the beginning of their therapy as a possibility for health promotion. Psychological factors such as patients' beliefs help to understand their behaviour in reaction to CPAP therapy. It is therefore possible to anticipate those patients who require more sustained counselling at the beginning of therapy and to adapt their support accordingly
Nozarian, Nazli. "Les mondes de la "démocratisation" des grandes écoles et la sociodicée des élites : le cas des conventions ZEP/Sciences Po Paris." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010347.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis discusses the uses of « equal opportunity » programs operated by the French grandes écoles within various social sectors. It analyzes how the grandes écoles have operated a double turnaround : first, by defining themselves in the 2000's as valuable players in the resolution of issues related to social inequalities being reproduced by the school system; then, by gaining a wide popular approval ten years after the first controversy arose. The investigation studies in particular the case of agreements signed between Sciences Po and several high schools located in ZEPs (Priority Education Zones). It articulates techniques that are both qualitative and quantitative, and shows multiple uses of this public policy. By this way this program - once controversial- is brought to a sustainable level and to impose guidelines promoting diversity within the grandes écoles, as well as other social sectors (private and public companies, the political field ... ). While the interests of the main players within these social sectors often diverge, in this very case they are converging towards a common strategy of justifying their personal position, mainly as being a dominant one. « Equal opportunity », by reactivating the myth of meritocracy, is at the heart of their sociodicy. This contributes to the success of the program despite the gap between the c1aimed objectives of recruitment and the reality of the students being accepted. While meant for the most disadvantaged high school students, the investigation shows that the mechanisms of social reproduction are still in action. The program emphasizes still the stigm a of students in ZEPs, and in a paradoxal twist reinforces inequalities
Donzelot, Jules. "Les politiques publiques d’équité d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur en France et en Angleterre : une étude comparative." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0089.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to analyse widening participation to higher education policies in France and in England through the study of their genesis, their theoretical principles, the models of action mobilised and their implementation. The comparative approach seeks to highlight the conceptions of equality of opportunities and equity underlying these policies, and their implications in terms of programs and objectives. It follows from the above that France and England have two different ways of defining the main causes of inequity of access to higher education, and the solutions to treat this problem. French widening participation policies select talented pupils from deprived neighbourhoods and facilitate their access to the most selective courses of study through an improvement of their academic performance and their cultural level. In England, we found a much larger vision in the attempt to raise the aspirations of all the pupils facing a social, ethnic or geographical disadvantage. This thesis thus shows how the “preparatory model” imposed itself in France with the Cordées de la réussite, and is very different from the “aspirational model” wich characterizes, in England, the program Aimhigher
Fressinel-Mesquita, Elodie. "Un moment et un temps dans la réalité sociale et éducative contemporaine brésilienne : des relations raciales et sociales traversées par une institutionnalisation ambiguë du principe de colonialité." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this doctoral work, I reflect on contemporary Brazilian society and how its history has been marked by Portuguese colonization and slavery, which gained considerable ground under the transatlantic treaty. By viewing interbreeding as the guarantor of social unity, thereby keeping alive the myth of a racial democracy, contemporary society politically and institutionally recognizes that populations differ on social and racial grounds. As a result, a latent but very real racism exists, as well as multiple, increasingly apparent inequalities, of which Brazilian classrooms are a reflection. Under the ethnicization of Brazilian public policy and the introduction of affirmative action, which is a tool for a politics of positive discrimination, institutional means were put in place at the turn of the 21st century to reduce inequalities and other consequences of racism, such as a system of racial quotas and the introduction of mandatory African and Afro-Brazilian cultural-historical studies; and all this in an effort to better integrate the black and mixed Brazilian population. This work uses decolonial thinking to prove that, deep down in the Brazilian social-historical imagination, the coloniality of power, knowledge, and being, racialized social relations not only exists, but is also being perpetuated under the guise of a Eurocentric and Occidentalist vision, as well as a norm implicitly rooted in the ideology of “whitewashing”.The work is based on a multi-referential approach, which blends together a socio-historical approach, the clinical process and the theoretical framework of Institutional Analysis. It also puts forward, through field research in Ribeirao Preto, a town in the state of Sao Polo, ethnographical observations and comprehensive interviews, all of which will allow me to present a dual analysis of my field research.Analyzing words, speeches, behaviors, and lived experiences is crucial to understanding that these different forms of coloniality manifest themselves in the daily lives of people. It also proves that there is a tension between institutional aims and the putting in place, in real life, of a politics that calls itself into question and favors what I call an “integrating-exclusive” paradigm. This paradigm is illustrated by the necessity of auto-identifying and categorising a part of the Brazilian population, in an attempt to benefit from the production of inclusive measures perceived and experienced as excluding and unjust.Finally, this work is an attempt at once to conceptualize the notion of bio-power, and to reflect on the educational stakes rooted in attempts to direct us towards a decoloniality process, by way of a critical perspective capable of calling out and pointing fingers at the destruction of social imaginaries. In doing so, we hope to transform the institutionalization of this implicit, yet very real, paradigm
Eu queria, nesse trabalho de doutorado, refletir sobre a atual sociedade brasileira, uma sociedade que se origina numa história marcada pela colonização e escravidão portuguesa que, sob o comércio transatlântico, tem crescido consideravelmente. A era contemporânea, depois de ter mantido o mito da democracia racial colocando a mestiçagem como garantia da unidade social do país, reconheceu políticamente e institucionalmente uma diferenciação racial e social da população, a existência de um racismo latente mas real e várias desigualdades que se cristalizam e são também ilustradas dentro da escola brasileira. No contexto de uma etnicização das políticas públicas brasileiras e da introdução, a partir dos anos 2000, das ações afirmativas, ferramentas de uma política de discriminação positiva, dispositivos institucionais vão ser aplicados, como um sistema de cotas raciais, a introdução, no currículo escolar, da obrigação de ensinar a história e a cultura africana e afro-brasileira, com o objetivo de reduzir essas desigualdades e as conseqüências do racismo para uma integração melhor da população brasileira negra e mestiça. À luz do pensamento descolonial latino-americano, o desafio deste trabalho foi destacar a existência e a perpetuação, no imaginário sócio-histórico brasileiro, de uma colonialidade do poder, do conhecimento e do ser perpetuam relações sociais racistas e racializadassustendadas por uma visão eurocêntrica e ocidental e uma norma implícita de ideologia do branqueamento. Com o apoio de uma abordagem teórico e metodológico multireferencial que combina a abordagem sócio-histórica, a abordagem clínica e o referencial teórico da Análise Institucional, e o estabelecimento, no território do estudo, Ribeirão Preto, cidade do Estado de São Paulo, de observações de tipo etnográficas e de entrevistas comprehensivas, apresentei uma análisedupla dos meus dados de campo. A análise das falas, dos discursos, dos comportamentos, das situações vivenciadas oucontadas possibilitaram apontar como essas diferentes formas de colonialidade se manifestaram no e por os percursos de vida e no cotidiano das pessoas encontradas. Destacou-se também uma tensão entre o objetivo institucional declarado e a implementação de uma política questionada no terreno que poderia fomentar um paradigma que denominei de integrando-excluindo, exemplificado pela necessidade de auto-identificação e de categorização de uma parte da população brasileira, para poder beneficiar da obtenção de medidas integradoras que possam ser percebidas e vivenciadas como excludentes e injustas. Por fim, proponho um trabalho de conceptualização em torno da noção de biopoder e umareflexão em torno de desafios educativos visando avançar para um processo de descolonialidade por uma perspectiva crítica questionando a desconstrução das significações imaginárias sociais numa perspectiva de transformação da institucionalização deste paradigma implícito mas muito presente
Mutuale, Augustin. "Penser l'école aujourd'hui : une conflictualité d'éthiques ? Réflexions autour d'"une position éducative pour enseigner"." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081915.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Boujjoufi Taïeb. "L''investissement médical en éducation physique : étude des conditions sociales de formation d'une position collective (1880-1950)." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100138.
Повний текст джерелаThe medical investment in physical education between 1880 and 1950 was the result of particular social conjecture favourising the establishment of a collective position. This process of “medicalisation” was a force which invested physical education in multiple ways, in an irreversible, anonymous process, a regular and insiduous annexations. It was as if this process of medicalisation was taking place in a social vacuum. This explains the basic analytical approach adopted : to examine the evolution from an underlying “medico-pedagogical and sporting” interest (still linked to an emerging reforming system) to a specialised interest group. The analysis follows the progress of this developing interest as it forms and re-forms and traces the new lines of divison established between the various actors working in the domain of the manipulation of the human body
Monnier, Claire. "Gratitude et responsabilité : éducation vers une position éthique dans la relation au monde qui vit sans mots." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30098.
Повний текст джерелаThe present ecological crisis, generated by human activities, could be the sign of an ontological crisis, an identity crisis of man in relation to nature. Due to its original indetermination, man creates self-représentations and représentations of the world, from which it does or does not allow itself to act in its environment. The processes which take part in the construction of the représentations could largely be shaped by the unconscious, in the image of the Ego of individuals. Thus, the violence, authorized and unloaded upon what lives in silence (nature), can be understood as a défensive mechanism used to deny the dépendance on the Earth lived at the bottom of the most obscure représentations, like the mother of the Origins. From this point of view, and because the relationship man-nature is an educational concern, an ethical position conceived as gratitude and responsability is becoming the stand of éducation. In this case, ethics is not based on an ontological exteriority like virtuous or moral principe. The ethical position is actually finding its source in the heart of the human identity quest from the individual’s quest to that which underlies collective représentations
Pino, Muttoni Natalia. "L'égalité des chances au prisme des établissements scolaires : analyse des arrangements de la politique de subvention préférentielle dans sept établissements scolaires privés subventionnés du Chili." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB182.
Повний текст джерелаThe preferential subsidy policy, as of 2008, was expected to contribute to equal opportunities for "priority students". however, these political principles have encountered several obstacles of the ideological, pragmatic and structural order. the continuity of the selective practices in the particular subsidized sector was explained by the little coercive effect of the law or of the logics in this educational sector. but behind this really happening statement? in a world with multiple references to what logics respond establishments? unlike normative works that have already studied this subject, our thesis proposes to interrogate the reality of certain establishments, exploring how politics has been translated, adapted and installed in the speeches and in the practices of the actors. this approach invites us to reconsider the voluntariness implied by research on education policy, which has little conceptualized the bargaining power of the school in the face of public action. A descriptive analysis of the seven subsidized private schools was carried out in terms of their identities. taking into account their logic of action, we have reconstructed the process of appropriation of sep policy that will be described according to two regimes of action. according to a "regime of justice" (or justification), agreements and disagreements built locally around the "take off priority" are discussed, which in some cases show the tension between the organization's identity and the logic of politics, showing a liberal conception of the common good. according to a "regime of fairness" (or routine) the translations of the policy are described in concrete terms, through the description of actions, which also seem to be less focused on "priority" students than on the establishment unit . these two dimensions show the process of change of a fragmented school system that is implementing a national reform of social inclusion
Zuccante, Luigi. "Du négatif au positif ou de la remédiation pédagogique par la photographie." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20012.
Повний текст джерелаDesit-Ricard, Isabelle. "Relations entre performances académiques, motivation, sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et buts d’accomplissement : une étude menée auprès d’étudiants de classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles scientifiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3041.
Повний текст джерелаThis research has been carried out among French science students enrolled in CPGE (Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles). One of its objectives is to study how motivational variables influence academic achievement. Academic self-efficacy, achievement goals or self-determined motivation are reported to play an important part in academic achievement. By relating self-efficacy, goal orientations and motivation, as conceptualized in self-determination theory, to both preceding and subsequent academic achievement, it is possible to further investigate the structural relation between these variables. Therefore, we aim at analysing the mutual influences which exist among them.Psychometric tools, among which an academic self-efficacy scale, were created and validated. Path analysis were performed in order to produce a multivariate model including motivational variables, previous academic performance and subsequent academic achievement. Our results showed that:- self-efficacy is the only motivational variable that directly influences academic achievement; - mastery approach goal, which is influenced by self-efficacy, enhances intrinsic motivation but is negatively related to amotivation;- performance approach goal enhances extrinsic motivation and identified regulated extrinsic motivation is positively related to self-efficacy while externally regulated extrinsic motivation is negatively related to it;- amotivation is negatively related to self-efficacy;- Self-efficacy beliefs are mediators between amotivation and subsequent academic achievement.Future research could build on these findings. Suggestions of applications are provided
Simon, Marie-Agnès. "La position enseignante dans les instituts médico-professionnels : analyse clinique de la relation d'enseignement." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H059.
Повний текст джерелаBros, Julie. "Prédiction des facteurs psychosociaux de moindre observance et intervention psycho-éducative auprès des patients atteints du Syndrome d’Apnées Obstructives du Sommeil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH015.
Повний текст джерелаContext: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) is a chronic disease, the most effective treatment for which is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy. However, some patients are in difficulty to become and/ or to stay adherent.Objective: Identify precisely these difficulties, in order to predict and prevent the risks of lower adherence to CPAP therapy.Methods: A first observational and longitudinal study was conducted on 204 patients, in order to establish profiles of their use and identify factors of lower adherence. During three interviews (before the treatment, one month and four months upon treatment), we collected a set of biopsychosocial data. We experimented in a second study, a psycho-educational intervention, as a support for patient adherence and quality of life. We did a randomized trial of 62 non-adherent patients, randomly divided into three groups: control group, placebo group and intervention group.Results: Four distinct profiles of adherence are identified: Regular Adherent Users (Profile A), Non-Regular Adherent Users (Profile B), Persistent Non-Adherent Users (Profile C) and Non-Persistant Users (Profile D). Subsequently, the biopsychosocial factors of each profile were identified in order to develop two detection questionnaires. The results of the interventional study underline that repeated information transfer, supported by written documents, and complemented by a holistic approach to patient health issues, are essential elements in supporting adherence.Conclusion: This research has led to the development of several tools for health professionals and provides recommendations for good practice in order to improve patient adherence in the context of OSA
Thorel-Hallez, Sabine. "Vers une coéducation en danse en éducation physique et sportive : analyse didactique et prospective des curricula." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195827.
Повний текст джерелаChernyuk, Nataliya. "Vers un renouveau de la fonction éducative dans les sociétés postmodernes." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H004.
Повний текст джерелаThis research starts from the observation of an ongoing crisis of French educational institution based on the republican model. By the 1970s, the "conflictualists" sociologists have studied and denounced the mechanisms that make the school a factor of the continuation of social inequality. Previous governments have implemented numerous educational policies often at the expense of consistency and efficiency. The challenges of dealing with a massive system and efficiency of the school. There are indications of deterioration in the school climate as well as recurrent lower academic performance of students, as shown by surveys such as Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). French schools based on modern values at odds with the social environment and loss of efficiency.We propose to conduct an analysis of the French schools in the light of the paradigm of postmodernity. French educational institution operates on a system of values inherited from the modern era, characterized by rationality and verticality, (i.e. transfer of knowledge from the top down) the individual is expected to conform to a model. These values, like traditional republican institutions are obsolete and no longer work. However, the postmodern era is characterized by the emergence of a topical horizontality (i.e. learning from your peers and your teacher), a new concept of interpersonal relationships and communication with each other. There is also a resurgence of archaic and sensitive values. These are phenomena characteristic of trends in postmodern societies, influencing attitudes and representations, particularly among young people. Remaining impervious to the new social environment, the Republican school institution is in discordance with the people in which is in charge of training, and thus, becomes inadequate and "unperformant."Pedagogical transformation began in the 20th century, thanks to the contributions of psychology, including constructivism in the sense of a better mobilization of psychological functions of the individual. From the 1960s, the evolution of pedagogy in theory relies on the work of humanist psychologists who have improved the understanding of the mechanisms of motivation and highlighted the importance of concepts such as self-esteem. These concepts have contributed to educational changes, which have supported research on "process-product" and the reflective practices of teachers. However, it clearly appears that the contributions of psychology and the results of these studies are insufficiently integrated practice in the educational process in France.The fact remains that educational change is incomplete as the school is not attuned to the social environment. The paradigm theories of Jung applied to education, focused on the archetypal nature of the teacher-student relationship. In addition, we further stress, convergence with theories of imagination. We intend to demonstrate that the proper implementation of an "archetypal" education, leveraging the sensitivity, intuition, empathy and the “resonance” is a powerful contributor to education. The goal is to seat the connection between student knowledge and enhancement of personal potential. The establishment of such an educational relationship is currently based on an individual approach of the teacher including their own self analysis in order to improve the transfer of knowledge.In conclusion, the incorporation of these concepts in the organization of the educational institution would require a thorough overhaul of the educational process, but also the recruitment and training of teachers
Antoine, Marie-Noëlle. "L'évolution de la position du français dans l'enseignement des langues au Chili : un enjeu pour une reconstruction professionnelle de la formation didactique des enseignants." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2005.
Повний текст джерелаIn a context of economic growth that permits Chile to integrate the play of the worldwide exchanges, Chilean education system is changing its course. Indeed, the emergency is to build a systemic adaptation of education to this new economic reality. However, there is not an approach at the heart of the Chilean educative system, because this one results at the same time from historical solutions and from a given socio-political anchoring. The actual awakenings from the Chilean authorities to control the education offer in a widely open market, at the risk of generate socio-political disparities, that will be finally frightening, compel the educational networks to take care of an obliged stage : to think on themselves, in other words, to start a Reform of the Thought. In 2004, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) said: «Chile will not be able to give a high quality education because of the inadequate training that the teachers receive. »Inside the compartment and the lineal territory of the school disciplines, French language appears also as a lost cause in Chile, an emergent portion of the education iceberg that is suffering. So, the bet is to change the problematic of the French language eviction out of the Chilean education system for a professional resource that permits to transform the current handling of teaching and learning into a professional reconstruction for the Chilean teacher training, a true Trojan Horse for a change
Martin, Annick. "Étude prospective de la procrastination académique : le rôle des illusions positives, de la perception illusoire du temps et de la motivation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38146.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAmrouche, Morad. "La surveillance et le maintien de la discipline dans l'enseignement secondaire public : des maîtres d'études du 19ème siècle aux dispositifs d'aujourd'hui : une fonction problématique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080044.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis questions the way surveillance and order are maintained in secondary public schools, but also the reasons why supervising positions have remained under looked. Why these latter, singular and essential, are not valued and a real career path? Undeniably, the surveillance position and maintenance of discipline have changed along the way. But what kind of changes ? To what operating mechanisms and educational goals do they respond to ? What impact do they have on current supervisors professional behavior? To answer that, this thesis has a socio-historic approach with institutional Analysis as conceptual and theoretical framework. The identification and analysis of developments on the supervision and maintenance of discipline show that they have experienced regressions but also unprecedented innovations. In the 19th century, secondary education was based on boarding schools, in which surveillance and maintenance of discipline was the cornerstone even though their educational skills and the repressive and coercive vertical disciplinary regime they embodied was being decried. Attempts at their revaluation sought the removal of "dualism" between the surveillance function and teaching staff. The reform from the Ribot commission achieved this reunion but the position and maintenance of discipline were unqualified. Yet, in the 20th century, convinced that the future of this position will not be through teaching, surveillance and maintenance of discipline will enter education inspired by methods from New Education, where the disciplinary framework is a self-government. However, against conservatism but also because of the antagonistic coexistence of a vertical disciplinary power by adults and transversal by students, experiences in this area will remain unsuccessful. The current position is part of social support that responds to a "suffering" while paradoxically emerge within the school institution coercive systems involving institutions whose professional practices join those of supervisors. It is indeed social control, especially since the concept of fighting violence and insecurity has taken over maintenance of discipline. Thus, the interest of our thesis is to shine a light on the evolving state of surveillance and maintenance of discipline so that their functional logic, education purposes and matter of their right place and role are made intelligible
Amrouche, Morad. "La surveillance et le maintien de la discipline dans l'enseignement secondaire public : des maîtres d'études du 19ème siècle aux dispositifs d'aujourd'hui : une fonction problématique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080044.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis questions the way surveillance and order are maintained in secondary public schools, but also the reasons why supervising positions have remained under looked. Why these latter, singular and essential, are not valued and a real career path? Undeniably, the surveillance position and maintenance of discipline have changed along the way. But what kind of changes ? To what operating mechanisms and educational goals do they respond to ? What impact do they have on current supervisors professional behavior? To answer that, this thesis has a socio-historic approach with institutional Analysis as conceptual and theoretical framework. The identification and analysis of developments on the supervision and maintenance of discipline show that they have experienced regressions but also unprecedented innovations. In the 19th century, secondary education was based on boarding schools, in which surveillance and maintenance of discipline was the cornerstone even though their educational skills and the repressive and coercive vertical disciplinary regime they embodied was being decried. Attempts at their revaluation sought the removal of "dualism" between the surveillance function and teaching staff. The reform from the Ribot commission achieved this reunion but the position and maintenance of discipline were unqualified. Yet, in the 20th century, convinced that the future of this position will not be through teaching, surveillance and maintenance of discipline will enter education inspired by methods from New Education, where the disciplinary framework is a self-government. However, against conservatism but also because of the antagonistic coexistence of a vertical disciplinary power by adults and transversal by students, experiences in this area will remain unsuccessful. The current position is part of social support that responds to a "suffering" while paradoxically emerge within the school institution coercive systems involving institutions whose professional practices join those of supervisors. It is indeed social control, especially since the concept of fighting violence and insecurity has taken over maintenance of discipline. Thus, the interest of our thesis is to shine a light on the evolving state of surveillance and maintenance of discipline so that their functional logic, education purposes and matter of their right place and role are made intelligible
Sabourin, Camille. "Adaptation française et processus de validation de questionnaires portant sur le développement positif des jeunes et les habiletés de vie en sport." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33301.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on a French adaptation and presentation of evidence of validity (internal structure and relation to other variables) of two questionnaires: the short form—Youth Experience Survey for Sport (short form YES-S; Sullivan, LaForge-MacKenzie, & Marini, 2015) and the Life Skills Scale for Sport (LSSS; Cronin & Allen, 2017). The short form YES-S assesses young people’s perceptions of their positive and negative experiences in sport, while the LSSS assesses their life skills learned in sport. The adaptation from English to French and the presentation of evidence of validity for questionnaires are important tasks, as they allow researchers from Francophone backgrounds to have evaluation tools adapted to their targeted population and to contribute to the progress of research in the field. From this perspective, this thesis follows a systematic and rigorous procedure based on the methodology proposed by Vallerand (1989). The first step performed was the creation of preliminary French versions of each questionnaire, with the help of four bilingual participants, through the back-translation method. The second step was to assess the quality of the French translations obtained by a committee of experts in the fields of sports psychology and physical education. Once these French versions improved, the third step allowed for the assessment of the clarity of the translated items with 137 student athletes. Satisfactory results were obtained; no further modifications were made to the wording of the items within the questionnaires. Finally, the fourth step was to show evidence of validity for the French adapted versions of the questionnaires (Downing, 2003). This stage was conducted with 296 student athletes. Statistical analyses revealed that the French adaptations of the short form YES-S and the LSSS can now be used in research in sport psychology.
Jean, Charles Vladimir. "Profils identitaires et prises de position sur la sexualité d'adolescent(e)s pentecôtistes et catholiques pratiquant(e)s de Port-au-Prince (Haïti) : analyse d'un champ représentationnel en fonction des modes d'insertion sociale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29581/29581.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the present context of STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) such as HIV/AIDS and blood-borne viruses- STI/HIV/BBV) in Haiti, to understand how young Christians are seizing recommendations promoted by the media, 96 teenagers aged 16 to 19 who defined themselves as devout believers (48 Catholic and 48 Pentecostal, 24 boys and 24 girls in each group) were recruited in five schools of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Specifically, this study was designed to examine the representational field of sexuality of those teenagers according to their religious allegiance, socio-economic status, gender, age. This study aimed to examine the place of the identity profile in this representational field, to analyse the strategies used to deal with the sometimes opposing messages on prevention coming from medical experts and ecclesial leaders as well as the role of significant others in this dynamic. A multi-method approach was used, combining an identify profile measure of the participants ; an association test (with four inductor words) to explore the representational field of sexuality; and semi-structured interviews (n = 11) using problematic issues to attain a deeper comprehension. Globally, the analysis of the answers obtained reveals that a majority of participants are in a first stage of transition in their identity development characterized by a tendency to act according to environmental influences. The results also show differences in the anchoring dynamics of sexuality at various levels. Teenagers from underprivileged backgrounds tend to focus on concrete elements to adress sexuality (e.g., genital organs, syphilis, the symptoms of AIDS: fever, diarrhoea) while teenagers from privileged backgrounds focus more on emotional and symbolic elements (e.g., honor, mutual confidence, stigmatization). On the issues of abstinence and virginity, the boys’ views are more liberal, assigning value to sexual experience, while girls are more or less reserved concerning virginity and tend to emphasize its market value. Religious allegiance (Catholic vs Pentecostal) points out a consensual vision of sexuality, except again for issues on virginity. As for the age variable, due to its restricted range, it does not play a determining role in our results. The analysis of the representational field according to the identity profile reached by the majority of the participants reveals a greater interest for the exploration of sexuality than for commitment to ethical principles, all this expressed through pragmatic strategies and a « logic of immediacy ». Some rare participants at a more elaborated level of development show a more integrated vision of sexuality, based on a system of values solidly grounded. On the whole, identities strategies seem to vary according to contextual issues, level of identity development and, indirectly, openness of significant others to discussion with the adolescent.
Mani, Philippe Jacques. "Le chef d'établissement public d'enseignement secondaire général au Cameroun à l'ère des mutations socio-économiques et politiques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20144.
Повний текст джерелаThe management of schools in Cameroon’s educational system, notably government schools in the general secondary education, follows the bureaucratic logic pertaining to its functioning. This system is organized as a pyramid typical of that of a centralized system of governance which is a top-to-bottom approach. Discretional power plays an undeniable role in the appointment of officials. Despite the country’s evolution, the running of lycées and colleges remains intertwined to this management approach. And yet, its obsolete nature is glaring given the choice of a decentralized political structure. In fact, if the process of decentralization and all its accessories demand professional citizens, they also aspire to officials with established competences. In the case of these aforementioned school directors, we suggest a move from a position to a profession. Professionalization which is a prerequisite for this career path could not be limited to a mere institutional prescription based on the normalization of practises given a competences framework of reference. This research work required the use of mainly qualitative methodological tools as well as sociological action and construction tools. The first of them, in the dimension backed by Michel Crozier, provided us with analytical components as well as methods and concepts which will enhance the understanding of actors’ roles. The second one which is in line with an evolution in the position and gets its grounds from Richard Wittorski’s publications did target the involvement of all actors, especially those benefiting from ‘incorporated competences’. This study has portrayed the various benefits that such a process can bring to the entire educational community
Anhaia, Bruna Cruz de. "Educação superior e inclusão social : um estudo comparado de duas ações afirmativas no Brasil : dos debates à prática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/81370.
Повний текст джерелаEssa dissertação analisa duas ações afirmativas (AAs) vigentes no ensino superior brasileiro, as cotas e o Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni), em três diferentes etapas sugeridas pela abordagem de ciclos das políticas educacionais de Ball e Bowe (1992). Parte-se, portanto, do contexto de influência: no qual são abordadas as influências do contexto internacional e nacional para o início do debate e a criação das ações afirmativas nesse nível de ensino no país; segue, o contexto da produção dos textos (leis e/ou resoluções): no qual se apresenta o processo de negociação que resultou na elaboração dos textos das políticas e se dá destaque à análise dos manifestos contrários e favoráveis redigidos por intelectuais e encaminhados ao Senado e ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), bem como os argumentos mobilizados pelos ministros do STF no julgamento de processos jurídicos que alegavam a inconstitucionalidade destas ações afirmativas, os quais forneceram elementos fundamentais para a elaboração e, em alguns casos, a reelaboração dos textos que as regulamentam e tornam possível a prática das políticas; e, por fim, o contexto da prática: no qual se analisa a implementação das AAs em duas instituições de ensino superior, uma pública (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS) e outra privada (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS), com foco na perspectiva institucional e na perspectiva de alguns beneficiários. O desafio desta dissertação foi compreender não apenas como se dá o funcionamento das cotas e do ProUni nas instituições, mas entendê-las como resultados de acontecimentos de ordem nacional e internacional, influenciados por diferentes atores, frutos de disputas e acordos e, no contexto da prática, resultantes também das interpretações feitas de seus textos. Verificou-se que a criação e implantação das cotas e do ProUni estão inseridas em um quadro de ações voltadas ao desenvolvimento do Brasil e resultaram na inclusão de negros, indígenas e pessoas com baixa renda no ensino superior, acarretando um processo de empoderamento destes alunos. No entanto, esses processos inclusivos no campo educacional também desencadearam movimentos contrários, os quais se evidenciam nas retóricas contra as políticas e na estigmatização de seus beneficiários com a finalidade de assegurar um maior controle social do acesso a esse nível educacional.
This dissertation analyses two currents affirmative actions (AAs) in the brazilian higher education, the cotas and the University for All Program (ProUni), in three differents stages suggests by educational policy cycle approach of Ball and Bowe (1992). Starts, therefore, to the influence’s context: wherein are discusses the influences of international and national context to the beginning of debate and creation for affirmative actions in these educational level in the country; next, the text's production context (laws and/or resolutions): wherein presents the negociation process that results in the elaboration of policies texts and to give a highlight to the analysis of favorables and opposites manifestos written by intellectuals and sent to the Senate and to the Supreme Court (STF), as well the arguments used by the STF’s Justices in the legal process judgments’ that have been pleading unconstitutionality of these affirmative actions, which have supplied the fundamentals elements to the elaboration and, in some cases, the reelaboration of texts that rules and makes possible practices of these policies; and, finally, the practice’s context: wherein there is the AAs’ implementation analysis in two higher education institutions, one public (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS) and other private (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS), with focus on institutional and some beneficiaries’ perspectives. The challenge of this dissertation it was to understand not just the cotas’ and ProUni’s functioning in the institutions, but understand it like results of issues in the national and international orders, influenced by differents actors, results of disputes and deals and, in the practice context, also results from interpretations about its texts. We observe that cotas’ and ProUni’s creation and implementation are inserted in a framework of actions turned to Brazil’s development and results in inclusion of negros, indigenous and low-income people in higher education, causing an empowerment process of these students. However, these inclusives process in the educational field also triggered opposing movements, which evidence it through the rhetorics against the policies and stigmatization of its beneficiaries that aims to assure a high social control of access to this educational level.
Sellam, Mérav. "Les enseignants spécialisés : dynamiques psychiques et professionnelles : une approche clinique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H020.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies the specific psychic and professional posture of the specialized teacher. The peculiarity of this job is to accompany underachieving students or in situation of handicap inside a big variety of plans of inclusion in the institutions of education and/or care. From a clinical approach of psychoanalytical orientation, this research puts in the work the questions of the relation in the mobilized knowledge, the psychic and institutional place and the culture of the specialized teacher. She questions the dynamics which form his /its "professional personality ", affects, representations and links which lead his/its experience. This one concerns as well the motivations to cross from the ordinary teaching to the special education that the tensions felt in the complexity of this experiment or still the challenge to maintain the different pupils in the school institution by the help, the support and the negotiation. It seems that his/its practice must be supported in at the same time educational, personal and institutional psychic stakes.The analysis develops from conversations with no leading questions realized with specialized teachers. She suggests reporting active dynamics in this professional position and to open perspectives which would allow to rethink his/its complexity
Mahamat, Alhadji. "Les facteurs contribuant à la réussite scolaire chez les adolescentes des lycées et collèges du Logone et Chari dans la région de l'Extrême-Nord / Cameroun." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1005.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on the problem of the school success of the teenage girls between the ages of 13-18 in the secondary and high schools of the Logone and Chari division, in the far-north region of Cameroon. Girls in this region face a number of problems related to their environment, family as well as academic due to their attitude which affect their studies. Inspite of these difficulties some young girls succeed in their studies. Our aim is to study the influence of individual, family and school factors on the school performance of the girl child. In effect we have raised one fundamental question in order to know: what are the individual, family and school factors which have to do with the teenage girl which determine their school success? In answering these question, the following hypotheses guided us: a main hypothese entitles “personal, family and school factors favour school success among the teenage girls in government and private secondary and high school both general and technical of Logone and Chari division” and tree specific hypotheses: “high aspirations contributed to school success among teenage girls”; “the attitudes and parental positives educational encourage school success of teenage girls” and “the attitudes and positives educational practices of teachers explain school success among teenage girls”. Tree questionnaires and a pilotated interview guide were administrated to a sample of 1031 teenage girls of secondary and high school, 1010 parents of students, 180 teachers and 36 “women/girls who succeeded in school before leaving”. The analysis of results showed that there are significant correlations among individual, family and school success factors and the school success teenage girls. In conclusion, we made some suggestions on areas of intervention to the hierarchy of the ministry of secondary education, to parents and to teachers in order to involve each of them in the school success of girls and make them more resilient. At the end some proposal, for further researches were made with the view to amend the limits of research
Demeuse, Marc. "Analyse critique des fondements de l'attribution des moyens destinés à la politique de discrimination positive en matière d'enseignement en Communauté française de Belgique." Phd thesis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409096.
Повний текст джерелаLe point central sera l'analyse de la méthode qui permet d'attribuer ou non ces moyens supplémentaires aux établissements scolaires ou à certaines de leurs implantations, et des mécanismes mis en œuvre pour réaliser cette identification. Ceci nous conduira à considérer successivement deux facettes du problème :
1) la validité interne, à savoir « les établissements identifiés sont-ils bien ceux qui accueillent les élèves les plus défavorisés »;
2) la validité externe, que l'on pourrait résumer par la question : « Ces élèves ont-ils bien des chances plus faibles que les autres de s'émanciper socialement ? »
Duchesneau, Marc-André. "Sport et développement : l es effets de la participation au programme Sport-études sur le développement des élèves-athlètes." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20063.
Повний текст джерелаJuneau, Carl-Etienne. "Is socioeconomic position early in life associated with physical activity during adulthood following the accumulation of risk model with additive effects?" Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14055.
Повний текст джерелаPhysical activity enhances health, yet only 4.8% of adults in Canada meet the recommended level. Among the determinants of physical activity, socioeconomic position shows some of the strongest and most consistent associations. Its association is found cross-sectionally during adolescence and cross-sectionally during adulthood. This thesis aimed to determine if there is a long-lasting, life course association between socioeconomic position early in life and physical activity during adulthood. If there was one, a second goal was to determine which theoretical model in life course epidemiology best described its pattern. This thesis comprises three papers: a systematic review and two original contributions. In the systematic review, Medline and EMBASE were searched for studies that assessed socioeconomic position before age 18 years and physical activity at age ≥18 years. In the two original research papers, structural equation modeling was used to compare three competing models in life course epidemiology: the accumulation of risk model with additive effects, the accumulation of risk model with trigger effect, and the critical period model. Each of the original research paper used data from a large, nationally representative prospective cohort. In the first paper, models were compared in the 1970 British birth cohort (n=16,571). Social class was used as an indicator of socioeconomic position, and physical activity was assessed during leisure time, during transports, and at work. In the second paper, models were compared in the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n=16,903). Education and income were used as indicators of socioeconomic position and physical activity was assessed during leisure-time only. In the systematic review, 10,619 publications were reviewed by two independent investigators and 42 were retained. For outcome "physical activity" (all types and measures), a significant association with socioeconomic position before age 18 years was found in 26/42 studies (61.9%). When the only outcome considered was leisure-time physical activity, a significant association was found in 21/31 studies (67.7%). In a subset of 21 studies with more rigorous methodology, proportions of studies finding an association were higher: 15/21 (71.4%) for all types and measures of physical activity and 12/15 (80%) for leisure-time physical activity only. In our first original research paper, using British data on social class, we found that the accumulation of risk model with additive effects fit the data best in both men and women for all three domains of physical activity studied (leisure time, transports, and work). In our second original research paper, using Canadian data on leisure-time physical activity, we found that in men, the critical period model fit the data best for education and income, while in women, the accumulation of risk model with additive effects fit the data best for income, whereas education did not fit any model. To conclude, our systematic review suggests that socioeconomic position early in life is associated with physical activity during adulthood. Results from our two original research papers indicate that the pattern of its association may be best represented by the accumulation of risk model with additive effects.
Lévesque, Aimée. "L’enseignement de la distinction entre le passé composé et l’imparfait et l’utilisation de ces temps verbaux en classe d’immersion française : observations et proposition didactique." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4750.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study is aimed at describing how the distinction in use between passé composé and imparfait, an aspectual distinction that is problematic to learners of French as a second language, is taught (if it is effectively taught) in three 3rd to 5th grade classes of the French early immersion program in the Northwestern Territories, and how the teachers use these verb tenses. Based on nineteen hours of classroom observations and interviews with two teachers, we developed a teaching proposal using Nadeau and Fisher’s « guided reflexion with positive and negative examples » (2006), that brings to light the contrast of use that exists between the passé composé and the imparfait. This teaching proposal gives the teachers a way to teach it, as they don’t teach it at these levels, and exposes the learners to an input in which the frequency of atypical uses is higher than in their teachers’ discourse.
Paquet, Ginette. "Les inégalités sociales de santé, leur genèse et leur réduction : le rôle déterminant de la petite enfance." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17540.
Повний текст джерела