Статті в журналах: "ECPMV"

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Alonso-Miguel, Daniel, Guillermo Valdivia, Diego Guerrera, Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza, Stanislav Pantelyushin, Angela Alonso-Diez, Veronique Beiss, et al. "Neoadjuvant in situ vaccination with cowpea mosaic virus as a novel therapy against canine inflammatory mammary cancer." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 10, no. 3 (March 2022): e004044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-004044.

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BackgroundInflammatory mammary cancer (IMC), the counterpart of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), is the deadliest form of canine mammary tumors. IMC patients lack specific therapy and have poor outcomes. This proof-of-principle preclinical study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and effect on survival of neoadjuvant intratumoral (in situ) empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) immunotherapy in companion dogs diagnosed with IMC.MethodsTen IMC-bearing dogs were enrolled in the study. Five dogs received medical therapy, and five received weekly neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy (0.2–0.4 mg per injection) and medical therapy after the second eCPMV injection. Efficacy was evaluated by reduction of tumor growth; safety by hematological and biochemistry changes in blood and plasma; and patient outcome by survival analysis. eCPMV-induced immune changes in blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; changes in the tumor microenvironment were evaluated by CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), FoxP3 (Treg lymphocytes), myeloperoxidase (MPO; neutrophils), Ki-67 (proliferation index, PI; tumor cell proliferation), and Cleaved Caspase-3 (CC-3; apoptosis) immunohistochemistry.ResultsTwo neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV injections resulted in tumor shrinkage in all patients by day 14 without systemic adverse events. Although surgery for IMC is generally not an option, reduction in tumor size allowed surgery in two IMC patients. In peripheral blood, in situ eCPMV immunotherapy was associated with a significant decrease of Treg+/CD8+ ratio and changes in CD8+Granzyme B+ T cells, which behave as a lagging predictive biomarker. In the TME, higher neutrophilic infiltration and MPO expression, lower tumor Ki-67 PI, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes, decrease in FoxP3+/CD3+ ratio (p<0.04 for all comparisons), and no changes in CC-3+ immunostainings were observed in post-treatment tumor tissues when compared with pretreatment tumor samples. eCPMV-treated IMC patients had a statistically significant (p=0.033) improved overall survival than patients treated with medical therapy.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy and improved survival in IMC patients without systemic adverse effects. eCPMV-induced changes in immune cells point to neutrophils as a driver of immune response. Neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy could be a groundbreaking immunotherapy for canine IMC and a potential future immunotherapy for human IBC patients.

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Albakri, Marwah M., Veronique Beiss, Steven N. Fiering, Nicole F. Steinmetz, and Scott F. Sieg. "Activation of human immune cells with cowpea mosaic virus." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 136.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.136.7.

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Abstract Novel approaches to retrieve and enhance immunity against cancer antigens have been established. One promising approach involves the use of virus particles derived from the plant virus, Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV). Injection of CPMV into tumor stimulates systemic antitumor immunity in tumor mouse models and canine patients with tumors. The molecular pathways that account for these effects are not well defined. In these studies, we examine the capacity of CPMV to activate human monocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated overnight with CPMV and CD14+ monocytes were examined by flow cytometry for expression of various markers. Cells were also incubated with “empty” (RNA-free) CPMV (eCPMV) for comparison. Responses to CPMV were also tested with THP-1 dual reporter cells, which are activated by various surface and cytoplasm pattern recognition receptors ligands except for TLR7. CPMV, but not eCPMV, mediated activation of human monocytes as indicated by induced expression of CD86, PDL-1, HLA-DR, IL-15R, and IP-10. In contrast to positive controls, PAM3CSK4 (TLR1/2 agonist) and LPS (TLR4 agonist), neither CPMV nor eCPMV induced activation of THP-1 cells. Activation of monocytes by CPMV was markedly inhibited by a chemical inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a key signaling component of TLR activation pathways. Effects of SYK inhibition were also observed in cells stimulated by a TLR7 agonist, imiquimod, but with different outcomes than CPMV stimulation, depending on the activation index that was assessed. These data demonstrate that CPMV activates monocytes in a manner that is highly dependent on RNA and SYK signaling. Overall, these data raise the possibility that TLR7 may play a role in CPMV adjuvant-like activity.

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Valdivia, G., D. Alonso-Miguel, A. Alonso-Diez, V. Beiss, S. Fiering, N. Steinmetz, M. D. Perez-Alenza, H. Arias-Pulido, and L. Peña. "ECPMV Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Induced Neutrophilic Infiltration and Increased Survival in Canine Inflammatory Mammary Cancer." Journal of Comparative Pathology 191 (February 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.11.053.

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Kerstetter-Fogle, Shukla, Wang, Beiss, Harris, Sloan, and Steinmetz. "Plant Virus-Like Particle In Situ Vaccine for Intracranial Glioma Immunotherapy." Cancers 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11040515.

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Despite aggressive multi-modality treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapies, malignant glioma inevitably recurs and has dismal survival rates. Recent progress in immunotherapy has led to a resurgence of interest, and immunotherapies are being investigated for treatment of glioma. However, the unique brain anatomy and a highly immunosuppressive glioma microenvironment pose significant challenges to achieving efficacy. Thus, there is a critical need for assessment of next-generation immunotherapies for glioma. In this study, we have investigated the efficacy of the nanoparticle platform technology based on plant-derived Cowpea mosaic virus like particles (empty CPMV or eCPMV) to instigate a potent immune response against intracranial glioma. CPMV immunotherapy has been shown to efficiently reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments in pre-clinical murine models of dermal melanoma and metastatic melanoma, metastatic breast cancer, intraperitoneal ovarian cancer and in canine patients with oral melanoma. In the present study, we demonstrate that in situ administration of CPMV immunotherapy in the setting of glioma can effectively recruit unique subset of effector innate and adaptive immune cells to the brain parenchyma while reducing immune suppressive cellular population, leading to regression of intracranial glioma. The in situ CPMV nanoparticle vaccine offers a potent yet safe and localized immunotherapy for intracranial glioma.

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Gee, Christine, Alison Small, Kathleen Shorter, and Wendy Y. Brown. "A Radiographic Technique for Assessment of Morphologic Variations of the Equine Caudal Cervical Spine." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040667.

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Equine Caudal Cervical Morphologic Variation (ECCMV) is a congenital malformation of the caudal cervical spine distinct from the more commonly recognized Cervical Vertebral Stenotic Myelopathy (CVSM). The most common presentation of ECCMV is recognized on the sixth cervical vertebra (C6). In “normal” presentations, the transverse processes on the left and right sides have a caudal lamina projecting ventrally below the caudal vertebral body in a heel shape. With ECCMV, variations occur to the structure of the caudal ventral lamina on one or both sides of C6 and may include the seventh cervical (C7) and first thoracic (T1) vertebrae and ribs, in varying configurations. Whereas the prevalence of ECCMV is not known, it has been recognized for many years and has been reported to occur with relatively high frequency within multiple populations of domesticated horses. To date, there is no documented link between the occurrence of ECCMV and clinical signs. However, based on retrospective studies, multiple authors have recognized the potential impact on performance that this condition may have. Establishing a reliable radiographic protocol for the consistent diagnosis of ECCMV would allow quantitative, scientific evaluation of the problem and support clinicians working in this field. We present a radiographic technique, which has been illustrated by diagnosis of ECCMV in three horses and confirmation of the diagnoses in two cases via postmortem examination.

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Greenwood, Sarah, Betty Chow-Lockerbie, Sophie Ramsauer, Garrett Wachoski-Dark, Cameron Knight, and Bruce Wobeser. "Prevalence of Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 Infection and Seropositivity in Asymptomatic Western Canadian Horses." Veterinary Pathology 57, no. 5 (August 19, 2020): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820941270.

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Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2) has been recognized as a potential cause of a subset of genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in horses. In the current study, we measured EcPV-2 seropositivity in 50 healthy horses from Western Canada, and these were compared to a herd of horses with known EcPV-2 exposure. Second, the presence of EcPV-2 DNA was measured using EcPV-2-specific PCR (polymerase chain reaction), performed on a variety of tissues collected at necropsy from 70 horses that lacked any history, gross, or histologic evidence of neoplasia or papillomavirus-associated disease. EcPV-2-specific RNA in situ hybridization (R-ISH) was performed on PCR-positive samples to identify the specific tissues infected. The prevalence of asymptomatic infection with EcPV-2 in Western Canadian horses was 20/70 (29%). Exposure to EcPV-2 as measured by seropositivity was 18/50 (36%). EcPV-2 positivity by anatomic location, as measured by R-ISH, was as follows: penis 10/29 (35%), vulva 5/34 (15%), eyelid 8/68 (12%), oral mucosa 7/65 (11%), skin from muzzle 7/68 (10%), and retropharyngeal lymph node 2/64 (3%). The youngest horses with EcPV-2 infection, based on PCR, were fetuses, suggesting for the first time that vertical transmission of EcPV-2 occurs in horses. The current study observed an increased prevalence of EcPV-2 as compared to previous studies. We suggest that this difference is due to our use of biopsies in place of superficial swabs. We propose that EcPV-2 infection in asymptomatic horses is more common than previously reported and that the virus’ role in equine genital SCCs may be more complex than originally thought.

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Greenwood, Sarah, Betty Chow-Lockerbie, Tasha Epp, Cameron Knight, Garrett Wachoski-Dark, Valerie MacDonald-Dickinson, and Bruce Wobeser. "Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Western Canadian Horses." Veterinary Pathology 57, no. 5 (August 19, 2020): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820941266.

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Equus caballus papillomavirus type-2 (EcPV-2) has been proposed as a causal factor in equine genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study had 2 objectives: first, calculate the frequency of papillomavirus (PV) and EcPV-2 infection in papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), and SCCs in Western Canadian horses; and second, determine if EcPV-2 status of equine SCCs is associated with overall survival (OS). EcPV-2 status of 115 archived tissue samples, spanning 6 years, was determined using broad spectrum (MY09/11) and EcPV-2-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, EcPV-2-E6/E7 chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization (R-ISH), and amplicon sequencing. A retrospective survey gathered data on history, outcome, breeding, treatment, and rationales of referring veterinarians when managing PV-associated diseases. Histologic grade and completeness of surgical margins of SCCs were also considered. EcPV-2 DNA was identified in 10/58 (17%) SCC, 8/27 (30%) papillomas, 0/5 CIS, and 0/11 lesions identified as “other.” Overall, 18/101 (18%) of these lesions were positive for EcPV-2. EcPV-2 was identified in 10/35 (29%) SCCs arising from genital tissues but in 0/22 SCCs from other locations. There was no association between breeding history and EcPV-2 status of genital SCCs. EcPV-2 status of genital SCCs was not associated with OS ( P = .76). The strongest negative predictors of OS were a lack of treatment ( P < .01) and recurrence post-treatment ( P < .01). Weaker predictors of OS included older age at time of diagnosis ( P = .02). Completeness of margins at surgical excision, concurrent disease, treatment type, anatomic location of the SCC (anogenital vs other), and histologic grade of the SCC did not influence OS ( P > .1).

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Mira, Juliana, Mariana Herman, Luiza S. Zakia, Giovane Olivo, João P. Araújo, Alexandre S. Borges, and José P. Oliveira-Filho. "Frequency of Equus caballus papillomavirus in equine aural plaques." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, no. 4 (March 30, 2018): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638717753495.

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Despite the reported association between aural plaques and the presence of Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV), there are few data regarding the distribution of viral types in different geographic regions or possible correlations for different papillomaviruses and lesion characteristics. We detected the presence and frequency of EcPV (1–7) DNA in aural plaque biopsies of horses from different regions of Brazil and identified the patterns of these infections or coinfections and their possible association with lesion severity. A total of 108 aural plaque biopsies from horses in the 5 geopolitical regions of Brazil were examined. We performed PCR to detect EcPV DNA in the biopsies. At least 1 type of EcPV was detected in 97% of the samples. EcPV coinfection was observed in 59% of the samples. Compared to the other viruses, EcPV-4 was found at the highest frequency in coinfection (84%) or individually identified (32%). EcPV-2 and -7 were not detected. No significant association was found between lesion characteristics (type and distribution) and either the viral type detected or the presence of coinfection. EcPV is widely distributed in Brazil, both isolated and in coinfection; the viral type does not appear to influence the clinical characteristics of equine aural plaques.

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Alloway, Elizabeth, Keith Linder, Susan May, Trevor Rose, Josepha DeLay, Susan Bender, Alison Tucker, and Jennifer Luff. "A Subset of Equine Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Associated With Equus Caballus Papillomavirus–2 Infection." Veterinary Pathology 57, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820908797.

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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common neoplasm of the equine stomach. However, the mechanisms underlying malignant transformation are unknown. As Equus caballus papillomavirus–2 (EcPV-2) is a likely cause of some genital SCCs, we hypothesized that EcPV-2 is associated with a subset of equine gastric SCCs. To this aim, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for EcPV-2 E6/ E7 oncogenes on 11 gastric SCCs and on gastric samples from 15 control horses with no SCC. PCR for EcPV-2 was positive in 7/11 (64%) gastric SCCs; non-SCC gastric samples were all negative. Intense hybridization signals for EcPV-2 E6/E7 nucleic acid were detected by ISH within tumor cells in 5/11 (45%) gastric SCCs, including distant metastases. No hybridization signals were detected within any of the non-SCC gastric cases. This study provides support for a potential association between EcPV-2 infection and a subset of equine gastric SCC.

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Abdullah, Hikmat Najem, and Ibrahim Fahmi Ali. "Design of Chaotic Bifurcation Parameter Modulation Scheme using Mean Value Estimation." Iraqi Journal of Information & Communications Technology 1, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.1.1.13.

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In this paper, the bifurcation parameter of the chaotic map is estimated accurately by utilizing the ergodic properties of a chaotic dynamical signal. Binary Phase Shift Keying Ergodic Chaotic Parameter Modulation (BPSK-ECPM) scheme is used to modulate the information signal in the bifurcating parameter of the chaotic map. A mean value estimation technique is used at the receiver to retrieve the original information accurately. This method minimizes the computational complexity of the receiver; thereby, reduces the total manufacturing cost. Simulation results confirm that, in AWGN channel and at bit error rate (BER) of 10-3, BPSK-ECPM achieves gains in Eb/N0 of about 0.7dB and 5dB in comparison with conventional direct sequence spread spectrum with BPSK modulation (DS-SS BPSK) and conventional ergodic chaotic parameter modulation spread spectrum (ECPM-SS) systems respectively. The results also confirm that in Rayleigh fading channel and at BER of 10-3, BPSK-ECPM achieves gains in Eb/N0 of about 6.3dB and 1.6dB in comparison with DS-SS BPSK and ECPM-SS systems respectively, which make BPSK-ECPM an ideal candidate for the intelligent transportation system (ITS).

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Yulaeva, E., M. Kanamitsu, and J. Roads. "The ECPC Coupled Prediction Model." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr1929.1.

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Abstract This paper presents a new Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) Coupled Prediction Model (ECPM). The ECPM includes the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) version of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ocean model coupled to the ECPC version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Atmospheric Global Spectral Model (GSM). The adjoint and forward versions of the MIT model forced with the NCEP atmospheric analyses are routinely used at JPL for ocean state assimilation. An earlier version of the GSM was used for the NCEP–Department of Energy reanalysis-2 project and for operational seasonal forecasts at NCEP. The ECPM climatology and internal variability derived from a 56-yr-long coupled integration are compared with the observations and reanalysis data. Though the ECPM exhibits climatological biases, these biases are relatively small and comparable to the systematic errors produced by other well-known coupled models, including the recent NCEP Climate Forecast System. The internal variability of the model resembles the observations. ECPM simulates both seasonal and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific reasonably well. The model has good skill in reproducing the mechanism of ENSO evolution as well as ENSO teleconnection patterns (including the Indian monsoon–ENSO relationship). The skill of the ECPM in predicting 1994–2006 SST anomalies over the Niño-3.4 region is shown to be comparable to other coupled models. These retrospective forecasts were used for deriving a model climatology for real-time seasonal forecasts that are currently produced and displayed at ECPC.

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Bühler, Fritz R. "The ECPM course and curriculum." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine 16, no. 1 (2002): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00124363-200202000-00029.

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Verri Lucca, Arielle, Guilherme Augusto Mariano Sborz, Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt, Marko Beko, Cesar Albenes Zeferino, and Wemerson Delcio Parreira. "A Review of Techniques for Implementing Elliptic Curve Point Multiplication on Hardware." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010003.

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Cryptography is considered indispensable among security measures applied to data concerning insecure means of transmission. Among various existent algorithms on asymmetric cryptography, we may cite Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which has been widely used due to its security level and reduced key sizes. When compared to Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA), for example, ECC can maintain security levels with a shorter key. Elliptic Curve Point Multiplication (ECPM) is the main function in ECC, and is the component with the highest hardware cost. Lots of ECPM implementations have been applied on hardware targeting the acceleration of its calculus. This article presents a systematic review of literature on ECPM implementations on both Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The obtained results show which methods and technologies have been used to implement ECPM on hardware and present some findings of the choices available to the hardware designers.

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Paplicki, Piotr, Marcin Wardach, Michał Bonisławski, and Ryszard Pałka. "Simulation and experimental results of hybrid electric machine with a novel flux control strategy." Archives of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2015-0005.

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Abstract The paper presents selected simulation and experimental results of a hybrid ECPMS-machine (Electric Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine). This permanent magnets (PMs) excited machine offers an extended magnetic field control capability which makes it suitable for battery electric vehicle (BEV) drives. Rotor, stator and the additional direct current control coil of the machine are analyzed in detail. The control system and strategy, the diagram of power supply system and an equivalent circuit model of the ECPMS-machine are presented. Influence of the additional excitation on the performance parameters of the machine, such as: torque, efficiency, speed limits and back-EMF have also been discussed.

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Lange, Christian E., Elisabeth Vetsch, Mathias Ackermann, Claude Favrot, and Kurt Tobler. "Four novel papillomavirus sequences support a broad diversity among equine papillomaviruses." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 1365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.052092-0.

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Papillomaviruses appear to be species-specific pathogens, and it was suggested that each animal species might harbour its own set of papillomaviruses. However, all approaches addressing the underlying evolutionary phenomena still suffer from very limited data about animal papillomaviruses. In case of the horse for example, only three equine papillomaviruses (EcPVs) have been identified. To further address the situation in this host, suspected papillomavirus-associated lesions were tested for EcPV DNA. Four novel EcPV types were detected and their genomes entirely cloned and sequenced. They display the characteristic organization, with early (E) and late (L) regions harbouring the seven classical open reading frames divided by non-coding regions. They were named EcPVs 4, 5, 6 and 7, according to their dissimilarity to other papillomaviruses. Most L1 nucleotide identities were shared with EcPV2 in case of EcPV4 (62 %) and EcPV5 (60 %) or with EcPV3 in case of EcPV6 (70 %) and EcPV7 (71 %). Thus, EcPVs 4 and 5 may establish novel species within the genus Dyoiota, while EcPVs 6 and 7 might fit into the genus Dyorho and belong to the same species as EcPV3. They were found in genital plaques (EcPV4), aural plaques (EcPV5, EcPV6) or penile masses (EcPV7). Interestingly, PCR analysis revealed the DNA of EcPV2 and EcPV4 as well as of EcPV3 and EcPV6 together in the same tissue samples, respectively. In conclusion, the DNA of four novel EcPV types was identified and cloned. They cluster with the known types and support broad genetic EcPV diversity in at least two of the known clades. Furthermore, PCR assays also provide evidence for EcPV co-infections in horses.

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Porcellato, Ilaria, Samanta Mecocci, Luca Mechelli, Katia Cappelli, Chiara Brachelente, Marco Pepe, Margherita Orlandi, et al. "Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas as a Model for Human Disease: A Preliminary Investigation on Tumor Immune Microenvironment." Cells 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9112364.

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Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common tumors in older horses, with poor prognosis mostly due to local invasion and recurrence. These tumors are thought to be mainly caused by Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2). The aim of this study is to characterize the tumor immune environment (TIME) in equine penile tumors. Equine penile epithelial tumors (17 epSCCs; 2 carcinomas in situ, CIS; 1 papilloma, P) were retrospectively selected; immune infiltrate was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry; RT-qPCR tested the expression of selected chemokines and EcPV-2 DNA and RNA. The results confirmed EcPV-2-L1 DNA in 18/20 (90%) samples. L1 expression was instead retrieved in 13/20 cases (65%). The samples showed an increased infiltration of CD3+lymphocytes, macrophages (MAC387; IBA1), plasma cells (MUM1), and FoxP3+lymphocytes in the intra/peritumoral stroma when compared to extratumoral tissues (p < 0.05). Only MAC387+neutrophils were increased in EcPV-2high viral load samples (p < 0.05). IL12/p35 was differentially expressed in EcPVhigh and EcPVlow groups (p = 0.007). A significant decrease of IFNG and IL2 expression was highlighted in TGFB1-positive samples (p < 0.05). IBA1 and CD20 were intratumorally increased in cases where IL-10 was expressed (p < 0.005). EpSCCs may represent a good spontaneous model for the human counterpart. Further prospective studies are needed in order to confirm these preliminary results.

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Islam, Md Mainul, Md Selim Hossain, Moh Khalid Hasan, Md Shahjalal, and Yeong Min Jang. "Design and Implementation of High-Performance ECC Processor with Unified Point Addition on Twisted Edwards Curve." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 5148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185148.

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With the swift evolution of wireless technologies, the demand for the Internet of Things (IoT) security is rising immensely. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) provides an attractive solution to fulfill this demand. In recent years, Edwards curves have gained widespread acceptance in digital signatures and ECC due to their faster group operations and higher resistance against side-channel attacks (SCAs) than that of the Weierstrass form of elliptic curves. In this paper, we propose a high-speed, low-area, simple power analysis (SPA)-resistant field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of ECC processor with unified point addition on a twisted Edwards curve, namely Edwards25519. Efficient hardware architectures for modular multiplication, modular inversion, unified point addition, and elliptic curve point multiplication (ECPM) are proposed. To reduce the computational complexity of ECPM, the ECPM scheme is designed in projective coordinates instead of affine coordinates. The proposed ECC processor performs 256-bit point multiplication over a prime field in 198,715 clock cycles and takes 1.9 ms with a throughput of 134.5 kbps, occupying only 6543 slices on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA platform. It supports high-speed public-key generation using fewer hardware resources without compromising the security level, which is a challenging requirement for IoT security.

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Yu, Yun-Chen, I.-Hsien Lee, Chuen-Fa Ni, Yu-Hsiang Shen, Cong-Zhang Tong, Yuan-Chieh Wu, and Emilie Lo. "Numerical Assessment of the Hybrid Approach for Simulating Three-Dimensional Flow and Advective Transport in Fractured Rocks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 10792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210792.

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This study presents a hybrid approach for simulating flow and advective transport dynamics in fractured rocks. The developed hybrid domain (HD) model uses the two-dimensional (2D) triangular mesh for fractures and tetrahedral mesh for the three-dimensional (3D) rock matrix in a simulation domain and allows the system of equations to be solved simultaneously. This study also illustrates the HD model with two numerical cases that focus on the flow and advective transport between the fractures and rock matrix. The quantitative assessments are conducted by comparing the HD results with those obtained from the discrete fracture network (DFN) and equivalent continuum porous medium (ECPM) models. Results show that the HD model reproduces the head solutions obtained from the ECPM model in the simulation domain and heads from the DFN model in the fractures in the first case. The particle tracking results show that the mean particle velocity in the HD model can be 7.62 times higher than that obtained from the ECPM mode. In addition, the developed HD model enables detailed calculations of the fluxes at intersections between fractures and cylinder objects in the case and obtains relatively accurate flux along the intersections. The solutions are the key factors to evaluate the sources of contaminant released from the disposal facility.

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Applegate, David, and Pete Appleyard. "Capability for Hydrogeochemical Modelling within Discrete Fracture Networks." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 6199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176199.

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A new method for simulating solute transport and geochemical interactions within fractured rock is presented. This will be an important capability for assessing the safety of radioactive waste disposal facilities that are located within fractured crystalline bedrock. Specifically, the discrete fracture network (DFN) module within the ConnectFlow groundwater flow and transport software has been updated to: (i) simulate the advection and diffusion of more than one solute species (with the flow and transport equations coupled by the evolving density and viscosity); (ii) model the diffusion of solutes into the rock matrix between fractures; and (iii) utilise the iPhreeqc library to model chemical reactions involving solutes, minerals on fracture/pore surfaces and rock minerals. The performance of ConnectFlow’s DFN module has also been significantly improved via parallelisation which allows more complex calculations to be attempted. These developments are significant because hydrogeochemistry within fractured rock is more accurately represented in an explicit DFN, rather than using more approximate equivalent continuous porous medium (ECPM) methods. Illustrative calculations have been completed for the disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto in Finland, and the former candidate site for spent fuel disposal, Laxemar, in Sweden. These calculations show that DFN simulations provide results that are qualitatively similar to results from ECPM calculations. However, because the ECPM is a less direct approach, notable differences exist when compared to the DFN approach.

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Cassidy, Christopher M., Michael D. Glissmeyer, and Charles J. Capps III. "Mapping An Internal-External (I-E) Matrix Using Traditional And Extended Matrix Concepts." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 29, no. 5 (August 28, 2013): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i5.8033.

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Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrices allow an organization to visualize their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats while a Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) utilizes critical success factors to allow an organization to compare itself to competitors. Capps and Glissmeyer (2012) proposed an extension of the EFE and IFE concepts to an External Competitive Profile Matrix (ECPM) and an Internal Competitive Profile Matrix (ICPM) which provides greater insight in understanding the external and internal categories to which an organization must attend. The authors of this paper extend the observations of Capps and Glissmeyer (2012) by suggesting that visual mapping of the ECPM and ICPM, in a manner similar on the Internal-External (I-E) matrix, would enable greater comparative understanding of the relative strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the respective companies.

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Noorasikin, M. M., Maisarah Ahmad, Y. Mashitoh, and A. Khairul Akmaliah. "Ethical Consumer Perceived Value in Sustaining Recycling Behaviour." SHS Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185601003.

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Recycling has imparted meaningful experience and perceived value from individual’s recycling activities. Consumer perceived value (CPV) is important in defining consumers’ experience that connects with one’s goals, inclinations and mental models; perceived valuable and beneficial, thus motivate sustainable behavior. This study sought to understand how ethical consumer perceived value (ECPV) influences the sustaining of recycling behavior. Nine interviews were conducted at The Federal Territory of Putrajaya for this interpretive study. It identifies two taxonomies of ethical perceived value (EPV) in individual’s sustainable recycling experience. First, ethically desirable value (EDV) taxonomy (six drivers), second, spiritual/religious value taxonomy (three drivers). This paper concludes with the value-map taxonomy of ECPV on Recycling to guide in mapping a strategic social marketing practice in Malaysia’s government policy to motivate good social conduct among individual and society.

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Marić-Oehler, W. "ECPM – European Council of Doctors for Plurality in Medicine." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur 56, no. 4 (2013): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dza.2013.11.016.

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23

Díaz Mescías, Adriana M., Carlos M. Delgado, Lina Sarmiento, Pablo Ramírez Duque, and Liza Alexandra Pulido García. "Evaluación clínica del protocolo de manejo de la analgesia peridural obstétrica en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio." Universitas Médica 55, no. 3 (May 21, 2014): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.umed55-3.ecpm.

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Introducción: la mejor analgesia para el dolor del trabajo de parto es la neuroaxial. Existe evidencia para el uso de concentraciones menores de anestésico local combinado con opioides, vía peridural, a las utilizadas en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Por esta razón se quiso evaluar el protocolo de analgesia obstétrica ofrecida actualmente en el hospital. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en mujeres en trabajo de parto, a las que se les colocó analgesia peridural en bolos según requerimiento, utilizando una mezcla de 8-10 ml de bupivacaína al 0,1 % y fentanilo 2 μg/cm3. El dolor se evaluó con la escala visual análoga a los 30, 120, 240 min y primera hora posparto.Resultados: el dolor a los 30 min de iniciada la analgesia disminuyó de severo a leve, y en las siguientes mediciones el dolor se encontró en un rango de moderado o severo. En cuanto a bloqueo motor e hipotensión a los 30 min, los hallazgos son superiores a los reportados en la literatura. Respecto a efectos secundarios, vía del parto, resultados neonatales y satisfacción materna, los resultados son similares a los encontrados en la literatura.Conclusiones: la mezcla analgésica utilizada en el hospital controla adecuadamente el dolor después de la primera dosis; sin embargo, falla en el mantenimiento posterior de una analgesia óptima, por lo que es necesario optimizar el proceso de seguimiento analgésico.

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Miglinci, Lea, Paul Reicher, Barbara Nell, Michelle Koch, Christoph Jindra, and Sabine Brandt. "Detection of Equine Papillomaviruses and Gamma-Herpesviruses in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Pathogens 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020179.

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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) seriously compromises the health and welfare of affected horses. Although robust evidence points to equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) causing genital lesions, the etiopathogenesis of equine SCC is still poorly understood. We screened a series of SCCs from the head-and-neck (HN), (peri-)ocular and genital region, and site-matched controls for the presence of EcPV2-5 and herpesvirus DNA using type-specific EcPV PCR, and consensus nested herpesvirus PCR followed by sequencing. EcPV2 DNA was detected in 45.5% of HN lesions, 8.3% of (peri-)ocular SCCs, and 100% of genital tumors, whilst control samples from tumor-free horses except one tested EcPV-negative. Two HNSCCs harbored EcPV5, and an ocular lesion EcPV4 DNA. Herpesvirus DNA was detected in 63.6%, 66.6%, 47.2%, and 14.2% of horses with HN, ocular, penile, and vulvar SCCs, respectively, and mainly identified as equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV2), 5 (EHV5) or asinine herpesvirus 5 (AsHV5) DNA. In the tumor-free control group, 9.6% of oral secretions, 46.6% of ocular swabs, 47% of penile samples, and 14.2% of vaginal swabs scored positive for these herpesvirus types. This work further highlights the role of EcPV2 as an oncovirus and is the first to provide information on the prevalence of (gamma-)herpesviruses in equine SCCs.

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Suarjana, I. Wayan Gede. "Analisis Beban Kerja Mahasiswa Praktikum Parasitologi Di Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Negeri Manado." Jurnal Ergonomi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Ergonomic) 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jei.2020.v06.i01.p06.

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Proses belajar mengajar di Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Negeri Manado diharapkan dapat terlaksana dengan baik tidak hanya secara teori melainkan juga saat praktikum. Praktikum yang dilaksanakan salah satunya yaitu praktikum parasitologi. Aktivitas praktikum dilaksanakan selama 4 sampai 5 jam. Pada akhir praktikum mahasiswa sering mengalami gejala pegal, kaku dan lelah dan ketelitian praktikum yang kurang baik. Kondisi ini perlu dilakukan perbaikan terhadap aktivitas selama melaksanakan praktikum, khususnya dilihat dari beban kerja mahasiswa. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan suatu penelitian secara eksperimental deskriptif dengan metode observasional kepada seluruh mahasiswa kelas A semester IV yang terdaftar pada mata kuliah praktikum parasitologi. Jumlah mahasiswa adalah sebanyak 25 mahasiswa. Beban kerja dianalisis dengan pengukuran denyut nadi, kondisi lingkungan kerja, kelelahan subjektif, gangguan muskuloskeletal dan Extra Calorie due to Peripheral Temperature (ECPT) dan Extra Calorie due to Peripheral Metabolism (ECPM). Lingkungan kerja yang diukur adalah suhu kering, suhu basah, kelembaban relatif, intensitas cahaya, dan kebisingan. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa beban kerja mahasiswa termasuk kategori sedang yang memerlukan intervensi lebih lanjut, kemudian terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada kelelahan subjektif dan keluhan otot skeletal sebelum praktikum dan sesudah praktikum. Oleh karena ECPM lebih besar dari ECPT maka perlu adanya perbaikan kondisi kerja yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik mahasiswa yang mengacu pada kaidah-kaidah ergonomi, perbaikan sikap kerja, pengaturan waktu praktikum dan waktu istirahat, penyesuaian peralatan praktikum sesuai dengan antropometri mahasiswa, serta pengendalian lingkungan kerja.

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Turco, Silvia, Federica Gabbianelli, Carla N. Mavian, Daniele Pietrucci, Livia De Paolis, Rodolfo Gialletti, Luca Mechelli, et al. "Genetic Characterization of a Novel Equus caballus Papillomavirus Isolated from a Thoroughbred Mare." Viruses 15, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030650.

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Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small, non-enveloped viruses, ubiquitous across the animal kingdom. PVs induce diverse forms of infection, such as cutaneous papillomas, genital papillomatosis, and carcinomas. During a survey on the fertility status of a mare, a novel Equus caballus PV (EcPV) has been identified using Next Generation Sequencing, and it was further confirmed with genome-walking PCR and Sanger sequencing. The complete circular genome 7607 bp long shares 67% average percentage of identity with EcPV9, EcPV2, EcPV1, and EcPV6, justifying a new classification as Equus caballus PV 10 (EcPV10). All EcPV genes are conserved in EcPV10, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that EcPV10 is closely related to EcPV9 and EcPV2, genus Dyoiota 1. A preliminary EcPV10 genoprevalence study, carried out on 216 horses using Real Time PCRs, suggested a low incidence of this isolate (3.7%) compared to EcPVs of the same genus such as EcPV2 and EcPV9 in the same horse population. We hypothesize a transmission mechanism different from the one observed in the closely related EcPV9 and EcPV2 that particularly infect Thoroughbreds. This horse breed is usually submitted to natural mating, thus indicating a possible sexual diffusion. No differences were detected for breeds in terms of susceptibility to EcPV10. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the host and EcPV10 infection to explain the reduced viral spread.

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Lattman, Michael. "Calixarenes 2001 Edited by Zouhair Asfari (ECPM-ULP-CNRS, Strasbourg, France), Volker Böhmer (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany), Jack Harrowfield (UNA-ECPM, Perth, Australia), and Jacques Vicens (ECPM-ULP-CNRS, Strasbourg, France). Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht. 2001. x + 684 pp. $182.00. ISBN: 0-7923-6960-2." Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 6 (February 2002): 1127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja015299f.

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Paplicki, Piotr. "A novel rotor design for a hybrid excited synchronous machine." Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0003.

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Abstract The paper presents three novel rotor design concepts for a three-phase electric controlled permanent magnet synchronous machine (ECPMS-machine) with hybrid excitation. The influence of magnets and flux-barriers arrangement on the magnetic field distribution and field-weakening characteristics of the machine is examined, based on a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Moreover, a prototype rotor design based on a new rotor concept with a good field-weakening capability is presented in detail. Finally, the experimental results of no-load back electromotive force (back-EMF) waveforms and field-weakening characteristics versus a control coil current of the machine are reported.

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29

Imran, Malik, and Faisal Shehzad. "FPGA Based Crypto Processor for Elliptic Curve Point Multiplication (ECPM) Over GF(2233)." International Journal for Information Security Research 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/ijisr.2042.4639.2017.0082.

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30

SCASE, T., S. BRANDT, C. KAINZBAUER, S. SYKORA, S. BIJMHOLT, K. HUGHES, S. SHARPE, and A. FOOTE. "Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2): An infectious cause for equine genital cancer?" Equine Veterinary Journal 42, no. 8 (October 8, 2010): 738–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00311.x.

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31

Ali, Fariz Syafiq Mohamad, Jing Xiang Chung, Poh Heng Kok, Ku Nor Afiza Asnida Ku Mansor, and Mohd Fadzil Mohd Akhir. "Evaluation of CORDEX-SEA Models on Wind Simulation during the Southwest Monsoon in the Southwestern Part of the South China Sea." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081303.

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This paper assesses the reliability of regional climate downscaling products from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment-Southeast Asia (CORDEX-SEA) in reproducing the present-day wind at the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM). A total of five CORDEX-SEA products, namely CNRM-CM5(RegCM4), CSIRO-Mk3-6-0(RegCM4), EC-EARTH(RegCM4), HadGEM2-ES(RegCM4) and MPI-ESM-MR(RegCM4), with a resolution of 25 km, were compared to reference data from the European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) fifth generation atmospheric reanalysis ERA5 spanning 1980–2005. This study focused on the period of the southwest monsoon, specifically the months of June, July and August (JJA), as wind during this season is known to play an important role in generating upwelling at the ECPM. The results obtained show that only three of the CORDEX-SEA products, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0(RegCM4), HadGEM2-ES(RegCM4) and MPI-ESM-MR(RegCM4), were able to reproduce the wind in terms of wind speed, wind stress curl and wind pattern as effectively as ERA5. An ensemble was made from these three CORDEX-SEA products, and it was found that the ensemble was able to reproduce a value of the Upwelling Index (UI) that was similar to the reference data, albeit with some bias. Hence, only the three stated CORDEX-SEA products and their ensemble are suitable to be used for future climate change studies within the region.

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De Paolis, Livia, Chiara Grazia De Ciucis, Simone Peletto, Katia Cappelli, Samanta Mecocci, Tiziana Nervo, Lisa Guardone, et al. "Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-9 (EcPV9): First Detection in Asymptomatic Italian Horses." Viruses 14, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14092050.

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Papillomavirus (PV) infections may be related to anogenital lesions and cancer development in humans and several other animal species. To date, 11 different PVs have been reported in horses. Among them, a newly described PV named Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type9 (EcPV9) was thus far only reported in the semen of a stallion with penile lesions in Australia. This study reports for the first time the presence of EcPV9 in asymptomatic Italian horses. From July 2020 to January 2022, genital brush samples were collected from 209 horses with no apparent signs of neoplastic disease and no PV-associated lesions, clinically examined at the Didactic Veterinary University Hospital (OVUD) of Perugia and at the Veterinary University Hospital (OVU) of Turin. Brushes were submitted to real-time PCR targeting the EcPV9-L1 region. The first amplification targeted a region of ~116 bp, followed by the amplification and sequencing of ~533 bp of the positive samples. EcPV9-L1 DNA was found in eleven horses (5.3%), all female and mainly English Thoroughbred. Co-infection with EcPV2-L1 was found in 7 out of the 11 EcPV9-L1 positive horses (63.6%). This study contributes to the description of the prevalence of exposure or infection of EcPVs in the horse population in Italy, for which data are still limited. In this regard, here we provide a phylogenetic analysis and the completely reconstructed viral genomes of two Italian EcPV type 9 isolates, as well as four EcPV type 2 obtained from co-infected animals.

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Zhang, Gang, Wujun Zhang, Lei Gui, Shili Li, Shasha Fang, Cheng Zuo, Xuqiang Wu, and Benli Yu. "Ultra-sensitive high temperature sensor based on a PMPCF tip cascaded with an ECPMF Sagnac loop." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 314 (October 2020): 112219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112219.

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Pawar, S. H., and L. P. Deshmukh. "Thickness dependent properties of electro-chemical-photovoltaic (ecpv) cells formed with chemically deposited CdS films." Bulletin of Materials Science 7, no. 2 (July 1985): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02744420.

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Guseletov, Boris. "ON THE INTERACTION OF EURO PARTIES WITH PARTIES FROM THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES. PART 5." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 28, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran420226376.

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The article analyzes the cooperation of three pan-European political organizations – the Party of the European Left (PEL), the European Free Alliance (EFA) and the European Christian Political Movement (ECPD) – with their partners in the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership program (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine). All these European parties, since 2014, have sought to establish cooperation with ideologically close parties from these countries and even accepted them into their ranks as full members. The profiles of these organizations and their leaders, the results of participation in national parliamentary, presidential and local elections, interaction with other political forces of their countries on the formation of electoral and ruling coalitions were studied. The main provisions of their program documents, which reflect the pro-European choice, as well as press releases and statements by the leaders of the PEL, the EFA and the ECPM, concerning the situation in the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership, are given. It is shown that all three European parties supported this program and their partners, regardless of their electoral results. It is noted that in Belarus and Moldova, the local PEL member parties, and in Ukraine, the ECPM member party initially achieved good results in national and local elections, but in recent years most of them have found themselves on the political periphery. The reasons for this phenomenon vary from country to country. Nevertheless, European leftists, Regionalists and Christian Democrats are confident that as the situation stabilizes, issues of social justice, strengthening sovereignty and preserving traditional values will return to the political agenda and become in demand again. It was noted that two more European parties, Identity and Democracy and the European Democratic Party, which have official registration in the EU, currently have no ties with parties from the Eastern Partnership member countries.

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Yu, X. Y., R. A. Cary, and N. S. Laulainen. "Primary and secondary organic carbon downwind of Mexico City." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2009): 541–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-541-2009.

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Abstract. In order to study particulate matter transport and transformation in the Megacity environment, fine particulate carbons were measured simultaneously at two supersites, suburban T1 and rural T2, downwind of Mexico City during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and total carbon (TC=OC+EC) were determined in near real-time using a Sunset semi-continuous OC/EC field analyzer. The semi-empirical EC tracer method was used to derive primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC). Diurnal variations of primary and secondary carbons were observed at T1 and T2, which resulted from boundary layer inversion and impacted by local traffic patterns. The majority of organic carbon particles at T1 and T2 were secondary. The SOC% (SOC%=SOC/TC×100%) at T1 ranged from 1.2–100% with an average of 80.7±14.4%. The SOC% at T2 ranged from 12.8–100% with an average of 80.1±14.0%. The average EC to PM2.5 percentage (ECPM%=EC/PM2.5×100%) and OCPM% were 6.0% and 20.0% over the whole sampling time at T1. The POC to PM percentage (POCPM%) and SOCPM% were 3.7% and 16.3%, respectively at the same site. The maximum ECPM% was 21.2%, and the maximum OCPM% was 57.2% at T1. The maximum POCPM% was 12.9%, and the maximum SOCPM% was 49.7% at the suburban site. Comparison of SOC and POC at T1 and T2 showed similar characteristics under favorable meteorological conditions, which indicated that transport between the two supersites took place. Strong correlations between EC and carbon monoxide (CO) and odd nitrogen species (NO and NOx) were observed at T1. This indicated that EC had nearby sources, such as local traffic emissions. The EC/CO ratio derived by linear regression analysis, when parameters in μg C/m3 and μg/m3, respectively, was 0.0045 at T1. Correlations were also seen between OC and SOC vs. the sum of oxidants, such as O3 and NO2, suggesting the secondary nature of carbons observed at T1.

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Yu, X. Y., R. A. Cary, and N. S. Laulainen. "Primary and secondary organic carbon downwind of Mexico City." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (September 18, 2009): 6793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6793-2009.

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Abstract. In order to study particulate matter transport and transformation in the Megacity environment, fine particulate carbon was measured simultaneously at two supersites, suburban T1 and rural T2, downwind of Mexico City during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006. Organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), and total carbon (TC=OC+EC) were determined in near real-time using a Sunset semi-continuous OCEC field analyzer. The semi-empirical EC tracer method was used to derive primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC). Diurnal variations of primary and secondary carbon were observed at T1 and T2, which resulted from boundary layer inversion and impacted by local traffic patterns. The majority of organic carbon particles at T1 and T2 were secondary. The SOCTC% (SOC%=SOC/TC×100%) at T1 ranged from 0.5–93.8% with an average of 63.5±17.2%. The SOCTC% at T2 ranged from 9.3–98.1% with an average of 67.4±12.4%. The average EC to PM2.5 percentage (ECPM%=EC/PM2.5×100%) and OCPM% were 6.0% and 20.0% over the whole sampling time at T1. The POC to PM percentage (POCPM%) and SOCPM% were 3.7% and 16.3%, respectively at the same site. The maximum ECPM% was 21.2%, and the maximum OCPM% was 57.2% at T1. The maximum POCPM% was 12.9%, and the maximum SOCPM% was 49.7% at T1. Comparison of SOC and POC at T1 and T2 showed similar characteristics under favorable meteorological conditions, which indicated that transport from T1 towards T2 took place. Strong correlations between EC and carbon monoxide (CO) and odd nitrogen species (NO and NOx) were observed at T1. This indicated that EC had nearby sources, such as local traffic emissions. The EC/CO ratio derived by linear regression analysis, with units of μg C/m3 and μg/m3, respectively, was 0.004 at T1. Correlations were also seen between OC and SOC vs. the sum of oxidants, such as O3 and NO2, suggesting the secondary nature of carbons observed at T1.

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Capps, III, Charles J., and Michael D. Glissmeyer. "Extending The Competitive Profile Matrix Using Internal Factor Evaluation And External Factor Evaluation Matrix Concepts." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 5 (August 21, 2012): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7245.

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Internal Factor Evaluation and External Factor Evaluation matrices allow an organization to visualize their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats while a Competitive Profile Matrix utilizes critical success factors to allow an organization to compare itself to other competitors. The authors wondered if substituting basic internal strengths and weaknesses categories, and external opportunities and threats classifications for the conventional CSFs in a forced ranking method could extend the Competitive Profile Matrix to allow additional strategic understanding. The goal of extending the Competitive Profile Matrix using the forced ranking of important organizational factors when evaluating an organizations relative competitive position against major competitors was successfully realized. An External Competitive Profile Matrix (ECPM) and an Internal Competitive Profile Matrix (ICPM) better draw awareness to internal and external categories that need an organizations attention.

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Sykora, Sabine, Lisa Samek, Katharina Schönthaler, Franziska Palm, Giuseppe Borzacchiello, Christine Aurich, and Sabine Brandt. "EcPV-2 is transcriptionally active in equine SCC but only rarely detectable in swabs and semen from healthy horses." Veterinary Microbiology 158, no. 1-2 (July 2012): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.006.

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40

Munday, John S., Michael R. Hardcastle, and Melissa Sim. "Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse." Pathogens 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100816.

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A 10-year-old horse presented with two 3-cm diameter exophytic masses over the fetlock. Histology was consistent with a hyperplastic squamous papilloma and numerous cell changes consistent with papillomavirus (PV) infection were visible. Partial sequences of PV L1 and E1 ORFs were amplified using consensus PCR primers. The sequences were most similar to Equus caballus type 1 (EcPV1). However, as the sequences were only around 73% similar to EcPV1, they appear to be from a novel PV type that is likely to be within the Zetapapillomavirus genus. The papillomas were treated with topical imiquimod and resolved within 14 weeks. The clinical presentation of the papillomas in the present case had marked differences to the clinical presentation of EcPV-1-induced papillomas, which are typically small, numerous and around the face. Observations from the present case increase the clinical spectrum of PV-induced lesions in this species as well as providing evidence of an additional novel papillomavirus that is able to cause disease in horses.

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Armando, Federico, Samanta Mecocci, Virginia Orlandi, Ilaria Porcellato, Katia Cappelli, Luca Mechelli, Chiara Brachelente, et al. "Investigation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Process in Equine Papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2)-Positive Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 10588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910588.

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Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma (epSCC) is the most frequent tumor of the external male genitalia, representing 67.5% of equine genital cancers. epSCC is associated with papilloma virus (PV) infection and has been recently proposed as a model for human PV-induced squamous cell carcinomas. It has already been suggested that epSCC might undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This work aims to investigate in detail this process and the possible role of PV oncoproteins in epSCC. For this purpose, 18 penile SCCs were retrospectively selected and tested for both EcPV2 presence and oncoproteins (EcPV2 E6 and EcPV2 E7) expression. Moreover, immunohistochemical EMT characterization was carried out by analyzing the main epithelial markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and pan-cytokeratin AE3/AE1), the main mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin), and the main EMT-related transcription factors (TWIST-1, ZEB-1). PCR analysis was positive for EcPV2 in 16 out of 18 samples. EMT was investigated in epSCC positive for EcPV2. The immunohistochemistry results suggested the presence of EMT processes in the neoplastic cells at the tumor invasive front. Moreover, the significant upregulation of RANKL, together with BCATN1, LEF1, and FOSL1 genes, might suggest a canonical Wnt pathway activation, similarly to what is reported in human penile squamous cell carcinomas

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Małecki, Maciej, Małgorzata Przybyszewska, and Przemysław Janik. "Construction of a bicistronic proangiogenic expression vector and its application in experimental angiogenesis in vivo." Acta Biochimica Polonica 50, no. 3 (September 30, 2003): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2003_3679.

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Manipulation of angiogenesis in vivo is an example of successful gene therapy strategies. Overexpression of angiogenic genes like VEGF, FGF or PDGF causes new vessel formation and improves the clinical state of patients. Gene therapy is a very promising procedure but requires large amounts of pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA. In this regard we have constructed a bicistronic plasmid DNA vector encoding two proangiogenic factors, VEGF165 and FGF-2. The construct (pVIF) contains the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the encephalomyocarditis virus (ECMV) which permits both genes to be translated from a single bicistronic mRNA. The IRES sequence allows for a high efficiency of gene expression in vivo. The pVIF vector was characterized in vitro and in vivo. In vivo angiogenesis studies showed that the bicistronic vector encoding two proangiogenic factors induces the formation of new vessels significantly more than pVEGF165 or pFGF-2 alone. In our opinion the combined proangiogenic approach with VEGF165 and FGF-2 is more powerful and efficient than single gene therapy. We also postulate that IRES sequence can serve as a useful device improving efficiency of gene therapy.

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43

Lai, Vivien, Ali Najah Ahmed, M. A. Malek, Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Rusul Khaleel Ibrahim, Ahmed El-Shafie, and Amr El-Shafie. "Modeling the Nonlinearity of Sea Level Oscillations in the Malaysian Coastal Areas Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2019): 4643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174643.

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The estimation of an increase in sea level with sufficient warning time is important in low-lying regions, especially in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM). This study primarily aims to investigate the validity and effectiveness of the support vector machine (SVM) and genetic programming (GP) models for predicting the monthly mean sea level variations and comparing their prediction accuracies in terms of the model performances. The input dataset was obtained from Kerteh, Tioman Island, and Tanjung Sedili in Malaysia from January 2007 to December 2017 to predict the sea levels for five different time periods (1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 years). Further, the SVM and GP models are subjected to preprocessing to obtain optimal performance. The tuning parameters are generalized for the optimal input designs (SVM2 and GP2), and the results denote that SVM2 outperforms GP with R of 0.81 and 0.86 during the training and testing periods, respectively, at the study locations. However, GP can provide values of 0.71 and 0.79 for training and testing, respectively, at the study locations. The results show precise predictions of the monthly mean sea level, denoting the promising potential of the used models for performing sea level data analysis.

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Duong, Thu T., James Lim, Vidyullatha Vasireddy, Tyler Papp, Hung Nguyen, Lanfranco Leo, Jieyan Pan, et al. "Comparative AAV-eGFP Transgene Expression Using Vector Serotypes 1–9, 7m8, and 8b in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, RPEs, and Human and Rat Cortical Neurons." Stem Cells International 2019 (January 17, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7281912.

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Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), produced from a nonpathogenic parvovirus, has become an increasing popular vector for gene therapy applications in human clinical trials. However, transduction and transgene expression of rAAVs can differ acrossin vitroand ex vivo cellular transduction strategies. This study compared 11 rAAV serotypes, carrying one reporter transgene cassette containing a cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer (eCMV) and chicken beta actin (CBA) promoter driving the expression of an enhanced green-fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene, which was transduced into four different cell types: human iPSC, iPSC-derived RPE, iPSC-derived cortical, and dissociated embryonic day 18 rat cortical neurons. Each cell type was exposed to three multiplicity of infections (MOI: 1E4, 1E5, and 1E6 vg/cell). After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h posttransduction, GFP-expressing cells were examined and compared across dosage, time, and cell type. Retinal pigmented epithelium showed highest AAV-eGFP expression and iPSC cortical the lowest. At an MOI of 1E6 vg/cell, all serotypes show measurable levels of AAV-eGFP expression; moreover, AAV7m8 and AAV6 perform best across MOI and cell type. We conclude that serotype tropism is not only capsid dependent but also cell type plays a significant role in transgene expression dynamics.

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Ghim, Shin-Je, Annabel Rector, Hajo Delius, John P. Sundberg, A. Bennett Jenson, and Marc Van Ranst. "Equine papillomavirus type 1: complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of recombinant virus-like particles composed of the EcPV-1 L1 major capsid protein." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 324, no. 3 (November 2004): 1108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.154.

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Awaludin, Asep Muhamad, Harashta Tatimma Larasati, and Howon Kim. "High-Speed and Unified ECC Processor for Generic Weierstrass Curves over GF(p) on FPGA." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041451.

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In this paper, we present a high-speed, unified elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) processor for arbitrary Weierstrass curves over GF(p), which to the best of our knowledge, outperforms other similar works in terms of execution time. Our approach employs the combination of the schoolbook long and Karatsuba multiplication algorithm for the elliptic curve point multiplication (ECPM) to achieve better parallelization while retaining low complexity. In the hardware implementation, the substantial gain in speed is also contributed by our n-bit pipelined Montgomery Modular Multiplier (pMMM), which is constructed from our n-bit pipelined multiplier-accumulators that utilizes digital signal processor (DSP) primitives as digit multipliers. Additionally, we also introduce our unified, pipelined modular adder/subtractor (pMAS) for the underlying field arithmetic, and leverage a more efficient yet compact scheduling of the Montgomery ladder algorithm. The implementation for 256-bit modulus size on the 7-series FPGA: Virtex-7, Kintex-7, and XC7Z020 yields 0.139, 0.138, and 0.206 ms of execution time, respectively. Furthermore, since our pMMM module is generic for any curve in Weierstrass form, we support multi-curve parameters, resulting in a unified ECC architecture. Lastly, our method also works in constant time, making it suitable for applications requiring high speed and SCA-resistant characteristics.

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47

Robinson, Prema, George E. Taffet, Nikita Engineer, Mitra Khumbatta, Bahrom Firozgary, Corey Reynolds, Thuy Pham, Tushar Bulsara, and Gohar Firozgary. "Substance P Receptor Antagonism: A Potential Novel Treatment Option for Viral-Myocarditis." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/645153.

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Viral-myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure for which no specific treatment is available. We previously showed the neuropeptide substance P (SP) is associated with the pathogenesis of murine myocarditis caused by encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). The current studies determined if pharmacological inhibition of SP-signaling via its high affinity receptor, NK1R and downstream G-protein, Ras homolog gene family, member-A (RhoA), will be beneficial in viral-myocarditis. Aprepitant (1.2 mg/kg), a SP-receptor antagonist, or fasudil (10 mg/kg), a RhoA inhibitor, or saline control was administered daily to mice orally for 3 days, prior to, or 5 days following, intraperitoneal infection with and without 50 PFU of EMCV, following which disease assessment studies, including echocardiogram and cardiac Doppler were performed in day 14 after infection. Pretreatment and posttreatment with aprepitant significantly reduced mortality, heart and cardiomyocyte size, and cardiac viral RNA levels (P<0.05all, ANOVA). Only aprepitant pretreatment improved heart functions; it significantly decreased end systolic diameter, improved fractional shortening, and increased peak aortic flow velocity (P<0.05all, ANOVA). Pre- or posttreatment with fasudil did not significantly impact disease manifestations. These findings indicate that SP contributes to cardiac-remodeling and dysfunction following ECMV infection via its high affinity receptor, but not through the Rho-A pathway. These studies suggest that SP-receptor antagonism may be a novel therapeutic-option for patients with viral-myocarditis.

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Knight, Cameron G., Magda Dunowska, John S. Munday, Jeanine Peters-Kennedy, and Brielle V. Rosa. "Comparison of the levels of Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2) DNA in equine squamous cell carcinomas and non-cancerous tissues using quantitative PCR." Veterinary Microbiology 166, no. 1-2 (September 2013): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.004.

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Strohmayer, Carina, Andrea Klang, Stefan Kummer, Ingrid Walter, Christoph Jindra, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Torben Redmer, Sibylle Kneissl, and Sabine Brandt. "Tumor Cell Plasticity in Equine Papillomavirus-Positive Versus-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck." Pathogens 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020266.

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a common malignant tumor in humans and animals. In humans, papillomavirus (PV)-induced HNSCCs have a better prognosis than papillomavirus-unrelated HNSCCs. The ability of tumor cells to switch from epithelial to mesenchymal, endothelial, or therapy-resistant stem-cell-like phenotypes promotes disease progression and metastasis. In equine HNSCC, PV-association and tumor cell phenotype switching are poorly understood. We screened 49 equine HNSCCs for equine PV (EcPV) type 2, 3 and 5 infection. Subsequently, PV-positive versus -negative lesions were analyzed for expression of selected epithelial (keratins, β-catenin), mesenchymal (vimentin), endothelial (COX-2), and stem-cell markers (CD271, CD44) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF; keratins/vimentin, CD44/CD271 double-staining) to address tumor cell plasticity in relation to PV infection. Only EcPV2 PCR scored positive for 11/49 equine HNSCCs. IHC and IF from 11 EcPV2-positive and 11 EcPV2-negative tumors revealed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition events, with vimentin-positive cells ranging between <10 and >50%. CD44- and CD271-staining disclosed the intralesional presence of infiltrative tumor cell fronts and double-positive tumor cell subsets independently of the PV infection status. Our findings are indicative of (partial) epithelial–mesenchymal transition events giving rise to hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal and stem-cell-like tumor cell phenotypes in equine HNSCCs and suggest CD44 and CD271 as potential malignancy markers that merit to be further explored in the horse.

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Montanher, Otávio Cristiano, and Cíntia Minaki. "Precipitação em Maringá-PR: estatísticas descritivas, tendência de longo prazo e probabilidade de eventos extremos diários." Geography Department University of Sao Paulo 39 (June 26, 2020): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/rdg.v39i0.164209.

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Este artigo buscou apresentar uma visão geral sobre a precipitação registrada na Estação Climatológica Principal de Maringá (ECPM), no período de 1980 a 2018. Quatro objetivos delinearam a pesquisa: i) obtenção de estatísticas descritivas; ii) avaliação de tendências de longo prazo; iii) avaliação da distribuição de probabilidade da precipitação diária, e iv) análise dos dias consecutivos com chuvas. Além do padrão geral dos períodos úmido e seco, observou-se máximos locais de precipitação em maio e outubro. As tendências de longo prazo foram avaliadas por meio da análise de regressão linear, não se identificando tendências estatísticas significativas. Entretanto, por meio do teste de médias, verificou-se que os anos mais recentes (2013 a 2018) foram mais chuvosos do que o restante da série (1980 a 2012). A distribuição gama foi a que apresentou o melhor ajuste entre os dados analisados e a distribuição teórica. Observou-se que em maio, setembro e outubro os volumes diários estimados são superiores aos observados no restante do ano. O período com maior número de dias consecutivos de chuva é entre outubro a março. Por outro lado, os maiores volumes por evento acontecem nesses meses e em maio e setembro. Embora tenham acumulados mensais menores do que nos meses de verão, nas estações do outono e da primavera ocorrem chuvas diárias expressivas, cujos extremos são maiores do que no verão. Essa característica relaciona-se à atuação intensificada de sistemas atmosféricos de baixa pressão, principalmente cavados e sistemas frontais precoces ou tardios.

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