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Статті в журналах з теми "Écoulements de densité pyroclastiques":
Kassouk, Zeineb, Jean-Claude Thouret, and Akhmad Solikhin. "L'apport de l'imagerie à haute résolution spatiale à la cartographie du risque de crue torentielle." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 209 (November 18, 2014): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.132.
Courbet, François, Pierre-Jean Dumas, and Bernard Boutte. "Écoulements de résine et nécroses chez le Cèdre de l'Atlas : analyse des symptômes dans un dispositif sylvicole expérimental." Revue forestière française 74, no. 1 (March 13, 2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2023.7410.
Hingray, B., C. Bouvier, M. Desbordes, and B. Cappelaere. "Inondations urbaines : un indicateur géométrique caractéristique du comportement hydraulique du bâti." Revue des sciences de l'eau 13, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705383ar.
BRUN, F., V. DUBOIS, and C. BOUTIN. "L’emploi du broyat de bois, une solution durable pour traiter les eaux ménagères ?" 3, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202103037.
Merot, Ph, C. Gascuel-Odoux, C. Walter, X. Zhang, and J. Molenat. "Influence du réseau de haies des paysages bocagers sur le cheminement de l'eau de surface." Revue des sciences de l'eau 12, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705342ar.
Ouakhir, Hassan, Nadia Ennaji, Mohamed El Ghachi, and Mimoune Goumih. "La Réalisation d’Un Modèle Numérique du Terrain pour l’Etude de la Dynamique de l’Erosion Hydrique dans une Section Fluviale en Amont du Barrage de Bin El Ouidane (2016-2017)-(Haut Atlas/ Maroc)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 27 (September 30, 2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n27p357.
Guevara Morel, Carlos R., and Thomas Graf. "Une référence pour les écoulements à saturation, densité et viscosité variables et le transport de solutés dans les milieux poreux." Hydrogeology Journal, August 15, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02673-y.
Ouakhir, Hassan, Nadia Ennaji, Mohamed El Ghachi, and Mimoune Goumih. "La Réalisation d’un Modèle Numérique du Terrain Pour la Détermination de L’évolution de L’érosion Hydrique d’une Section Fluviale en Amont du Barrage de Bin El Ouidane (2016 - 2017) – (Haut Atlas /Maroc)." European Scientific Journal ESJ 9 (September 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.9.2022.p178.
Дисертації з теми "Écoulements de densité pyroclastiques":
Penlou, Baptiste. "Étude expérimentale des écoulements gaz-particules en contexte de fontaine pyroclastique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0159.
Pyroclastic columns form during explosive volcanic eruptions in which a mixture of gases and particles is ejected at high speed from a vent and can lead to the formation of convective plumes. The stability of these columns depends on various parameters that can vary over time and cause partial or total collapse of the pyroclastic mixture. These collapses give rise to eruptive fountains, forming density currents called pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). The objective of this thesis is twofold: to study (1) the mechanisms of particle sedimentation in the plume and the dilute part of PDCs, and (2) the mechanisms of PDC emergence in the impact zones of the fountains. The chosen method is the experimental approach.A first series of experiments involves suspending particles ranging in size from 49 to 467.5 µm in a cylindrical device and measuring the local particle concentration for each mixture. For this purpose, two independent approaches were used and provided similar results: an acoustic method and the use of pressure sensors. These experiments highlight two mechanisms of particle sedimentation: enhanced sedimentation and delayed sedimentation. In suspensions of small particles (78 µm), the sedimentation rate increases with the local particle concentration due to the formation of « clusters » that fall at a speed four times higher than the terminal settling velocity of individual particles (enhanced sedimentation). However, in suspensions of larger particles (467.5 µm), the sedimentation rate decreases with increasing particle concentration, despite the presence of « clusters » and it is 30 % lower than the settling speed of individual particles (delayed sedimentation). These results suggest that the sedimentation mechanisms in the presence of « clusters » occurring in plumes or the dilute part of PDC should be considered in models used to simulate these volcanic phenomena to better predict deposit characteristics.A second series of experiments simulates a pyroclastic fountain by releasing particles of sizes ranging from 29 and 269 µm into a channel at a height of 3.27 meters. The results show that dilute mixtures (1.6 - 4.4 vol.%) in free fall accumulate in the impact zone to form concentrated granular flows (~ 45 - 48 vol.%) whose interstitial fluid pressure nearly compensates for the weight of particles for sizes < 76 µm. Furthermore, the maximum fluid pressure measured at the impact, the flow travel distance, and the horizontal stretching of deposits increase with decreasing particle size. Considering the experiment dimensions, these results indicate that a high interstitial fluid pressure can be generated in the impact zone of collapsing pyroclastic fountains. The small particle size, causing low permeability and a long pressure diffusion time, may be one of the main factors leading to the long runout distances covered by the flows
Mathé, Jordane. "Modélisation d'écoulements gravitaires fluidisés et applciation à la volcanologie." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22646/document.
During these three years, I enjoyed to work with collaborators from volcanology, laboratory physics and mathematics. This document presents the steps and results of my research in the field of modelling of fluidised granular flows. The last consists in the development of a new mathematical model and its theoretical and numerical study. Based on observations made on experimental studies, the model focuses on the change in the behaviour of an initially fluidised granular flow through the definition of its viscoplastic rheology with variable threshold. More precisely, the threshold (aslo called yield stress) is defined via the difference between the lithostatic pressure and the pressure of the interstitial fluid. The innovation of this model opens perspectives for the mathematical research as well as for the study of fluidised granular flows and their application to volcanology. From a mathematical point of view, a theoretical study has been conducted. Proving the existence of weak solution for the homogeneous version of the model, we offer an extension in the field of knowledges of non-newtonian fluid flows. Also, we have developped a numerical code to simulate dambreak experiments with fluidised granular media. This one includes a new method to solve the flow equations of viscoplastic fluids. In this thesis, I describe and justify the numerical strategy chosen. Moreover, I present some academic tests to validate the code. At the end, I give the numerical results in the case of the dambreak simulation for dry and fluidised fluids. By comparing with experimental data, we evaluate the validity of the model and its resolution, and highlight the advantages and inconvenients. To conclude the project, I propose some perspectives of improvement for later work
Chédeville-Monzo, Corentin. "Mécanismes d'auto-fluidisation des écoulements pyroclastiques : approche expérimentale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22684/document.
Pyroclastic flows are hot mixtures of gas and particles that can propagate over large distances. This high “mobility” is often attributed to their ability to be fluidized, that is, to generate and retain high gas pore pressure that reduces internal friction forces. The main objective of this thesis is to understand how irregularities of substrates on which pyroclastic flows propagate can enhance their fluidization. A first set of laboratory experiments consisted of the generation of fine-grained flows (diameter of 45-90 μm) on substrate of various roughness. Results show that the flow runout distance increases with the substrate roughness, and is up to twice the runout on a smooth substrate. High speed video analyses and air pore pressure measurements at the flow base show that the flow head propagating over a rough substrate can auto-fluidize because of particles sedimentation into the substrate interstices, which forces the air to escape upward and percolate through the flow. This auto-fluidization mechanism is efficient at all inclinations investigated (0-30°), suggesting that it could occur during the whole emplacement of a pyroclastic flow. A second study consisted of the vertical release of beds of particles in a static column. Results show that the granular mixture can be fully fluidized, even when collapsing from a relatively low height (20 cm). When particles are fine enough (<100 μm), pore pressure in the deposit diffuses for several seconds, the diffusion duration increasing with increasing bed thickness and decreasing particle size. The longest diffusion durations are observed for pyroclastic flow deposit materials (~30 s for 28.5 cm thick beds). These results suggest that pyroclastic flows propagating on irregular terrains can auto-fluidize and preserve low internal friction during their emplacement
Girolami, Laurence. "Dynamique et sédimentation des écoulements pyroclastiques reproduits en laboratoire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21836.
Formenti, Yvan. "Etude de la production et de la mobilité des écoulements pyroclastiques à Montserrat (Antilles)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21350.
Bernard, Julien. "Capacité érosive des écoulements pyroclastiques : impact sur les budgets éruptifs et implications pour l'aléa." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22553/document.
Pyroclastic flows (PFs) are hot mixtures of gas and particles that represent the most deadly volcanic hazard. To protect the populations, it is necessary to work on precise risk maps, which require having a deep knowledge of these phenomena. However, the causes and consequences of erosion and incorporation of non-juvenile material during PFs emplacement remain poorly known. This thesis aims at characterizing the erosive capacity of pyroclastic flows, defining erosion mechanisms and quantifying their impact on eruptive budgets and associated hazards. Here, we focus on small-volume PFs and use an approach based on field and textural investigations coupled with numerical modeling of PFs emplacement. The August 2006 PF-forming eruption of Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) is used as a case-study for this work.An original method, based on high-resolution, stereologically-corrected image analyses, detailed textural analyses of PFs deposits and mass budget, enables determining the grain size distribution and the componentry of PFs products along their entire clast size range. Volume calculation and mass budgets show that about 50 wt. % of the whole deposit consists of non-juvenile materials incorporated during PFs emplacement, and mostly coming from the upper part of the volcano. The slope is a prevailing parameter that controls PFs erosive power. Eruptive budgets support a VEI 3 event (0.09 km 3 ) for the 2006 eruption of Tungurahua and highlight the importance of separating juvenile from non-juvenile material. Detailed analyses of deposits’ componentry suggest a strong dynamic density-driven segregation of the clasts during PFs emplacement, associated with sedimentation rates of ≈10 cm.s -1 . Lateral variations of lithological, grain size, and morphological data demonstrate the occurrence of componentry-driven clast fragmentation and abrasion processes. Massive components (e.g. old lavas) are the main grinding agents of scoriaceous components (e.g. bombs). During emplacement, these processes continuously create fine grained populations, which are transferred from the main dense flow to pyroclastic surge or Co-PF cloud. Numerical models of erosive PFs based on a new erosion law integrated into VolcFlow code show the ability of plastic rheology to reproduce natural erosion patterns of PFs. The erosion is produced by dynamic variations of normal stress / shear stress ratio during emplacement, due to thickness unsteadiness during flow deceleration. The thin, highly frictional and erosive front of PFs pulses is pushed by the thicker and non-erosive head and flow body. Incorporation implies longer PFs runouts of about 10-30%, depending on the amount of incorporated material, which is related to the quantity of erodible material available on the volcano’s flanks before the eruption. These results show that erosion has a significant role on PFs runouts, and thus in hazard assessment, which should be closely taken into account in future works
Fontane, Jérôme. "Transition des écoulements cisaillés libres à densité variable." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7338/1/fontane.pdf.
Guyez, Estelle. "Mélange d'interfaces de densité en écoulements de Taylor - Couette." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081798.
Gueugneau, Valentin. "Etude de la formation et de la mise en place des déferlantes pyroclastiques par modélisations numérique et expérimentale." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC050/document.
Small volume pyroclastic density currents are complex volcanic flows, whose physical behaviour is still debated. They comprise two parts: the pyroclastic flow, rich in particles and blocks, overridden by the ash-cloud surge, a turbulent and dilute flow. The interactions between these two parts are not fully understood, as well as their exchanges of mass and momentum. Therefore, the thesis focuses on the investigation of ash-cloud surge formation mechanisms from the pyroclastic flow. The experiments reveal a mechanism of dilute flow formation by alternation of air incorporation into and elutriation of fine particles from a dense granular bed subjected to vibrations. The air is aspirated into the granular bed during dilatations, and expulsed during the contraction phases. A part of the particles are then sustained by the turbulent expulsed air and form a mixture of gas and particles that transforms into a gravity current. Extrapolated to a volcanic edifice, this mechanism of air incorporation and elutriation can be reproduced by a rough topography, where each obstacle generates a compaction followed by a dilatation of the pyroclastic flow. The quantification of the mechanism has been accomplished and the mass flux from the dense flow to the ash-cloud surge has been deduced.The numerical model is first used to study the pyroclastic flow rheology, which controls the velocity of the flow, and then the mass flux previously mentioned. One chapter is dedicated to the fluidization effect on the pyroclastic flow rheology. Results show that this mechanism can explain the long runout of these flows, and also the formation of levées and channel morphologies. The air ingestion in the flow during its movement could explain a part of the pyroclastic flows dynamic. Simple rheologies has also been analyzed: a Coulomb rheology, a plastic rheology, and a variable friction coefficient rheology. Results show that the plastic rheology seems to be the most adapted rheology to simulate the pyroclastic flow dynamic. Then, the numerical model has been used to test the mass flow law obtained through experiments. Applied to the 25 June 1997 dome collapse at Soufrière Hills Volcano at Montserrat, results show that the simulations reproduce accurately the extension and the thickness of the surge deposits. The simulations are also able to reproduce the surge derived pyroclastic flow, generated by remobilisation of surge deposits. The cycles of ingestion/expulsion of air in the pyroclastic flow by interactions with the topography could explain both the great fluidity of these flows and the formation of ash-cloud surge. These results highlight a new mechanism that could be a key process in pyroclastic flow dynamic, which could improve significantly the hazard and risk assessment using numerical model
Chalayer, Rénald. "Méthodes de projection pour des écoulements à seuil, incompressibles et à densité variable." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC089.
This thesis deal with the use of projection methods for incompressible viscoplastic flows with a variable density. This manuscript is organized following three main lines. The first part is devoted to the mathematical model, the time-discretization of the model and the analysis of the numerical scheme. To construct the numerical scheme, on one side we adapt a time-stepping method already used for newtonian flows to viscoplastic flows and on the other side, we use a projection formulation of the stress tensor to solve the coupling between the velocity and the plastic part of the stress tensor in the momentum equation with an Uzawa-like method. Stability and error analysis of the numerical scheme are provided and a first-order estimate of the time error is derived for the velocity field, the density, the viscosity and the yield stress. The second part is devoted to the space discretization and the implementation of the scheme. A second-order cell-centred finite volume scheme on staggered grids is applied for the spatial discretization. The implementation of the numerical scheme has been performed using a Fortran 90 code and using the PetsC and MPI library The last part of the manuscript is devoted to numerical simulations. In the Rayleigh-Taylor instability configuration, we perform simulations by varying the yield stress, and describing the evolution of the interface and the localization of the rigid zones. In the dambreak configuration, we use Stick-Slip boundary conditions and we compare our results to the existing literature
Частини книг з теми "Écoulements de densité pyroclastiques":
TADINI, Alessandro, Lucia GURIOLI, Sylvain CHARBONNIER, Simon THIVET, and Jean-Claude THOURET. "Surveillance des produits éruptifs : les écoulements pyroclastiques et leurs dépôts." In Aléas et surveillance de l’activité volcanique 3, 183–233. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9046.ch3.