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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Écosystèmes de forêt et de savane humide"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Écosystèmes de forêt et de savane humide"
Boubacar, Moussa Mamoudou, Douma Soumana, Abdourahamane Illiassou Salamatou, Issiakou Bakari Nassirou, and Mahamane Ali. "Occupation du sol, phytodiversité de la forêt classée de Gorou Bassounga (Niger) et perception paysanne sur le changement climatique." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i1.13.
Повний текст джерелаCésar, Jean, Jérémy Bouyer, Laurent Granjon, Massouroudini Akoudjin, Laure Guerrini, and Dominique Louppe. "Les relictes forestières de la falaise de Banfora : un peuplement original au voisinage de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 305, no. 305 (September 1, 2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2010.305.a20437.
Повний текст джерелаBourbier, Lucas, Guillaume Cornu, Alexandre Pennec, Christine Brognoli, and Valéry Gond. "Estimation à grande échelle de l'ouverture du couvert forestier en Afrique centrale à l'aide de données de télédétection." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 315, no. 315 (March 1, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2013.315.a20537.
Повний текст джерелаDelmas, R., and J. Servant. "Échanges biosphère-atmosphère d'azote et de soufre en zone intertropicale: Transferts entre les écosystèmes forêt et savane en Afrique de l'ouest." Atmospheric Research 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(87)90017-2.
Повний текст джерелаChevalier, Jean-François, and Alexandra Pasquier. "Après dix années de gestion, déroulement et enseignements issus de la révision d'un plan d'aménagement forestier en République Centrafricaine." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 310, no. 310 (December 1, 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2011.310.a20456.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Écosystèmes de forêt et de savane humide"
Ouafo, Mendo-Leumbe Marie-Roumy. "Etude de la composition physico-chimique, des sources émettrices et des effets sur la santé humaine des aérosols atmosphériques en zones rurales et urbaines en Afrique tropicale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30402.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis was a contribution to the INDAAF (International Deposition Network to study and Atmospheric chemistry in Africa) program. It aims was to study the physics and chemistry of atmospheric aerosol collected on two undisturbed African rural sites, representative of forest (Nsimi site Cameroon) and humid savanna (Djougou site Benin) ecosystems. Aerosols collected weekly in the PM2.5 and PM10 fractions at Nsimi, from 2004 to 2009 and at Djougou, from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed in order to characterize the seasonal variations of concentrations of the different chemical species and to identify their major sources according to the seasons. The contribution of each group of species was estimated from the total concentration of the aerosol. The results obtained allowed (1) to highlight the impact of climatic parameters on the concentration levels of the chemical species, with the dry season having the most important impact in general, (2) to identify biomass combustion sources and biofuel, terrigenous, biogenic, secondary as well as predominant in the dry season and biogenic sources, domestic fires and guttation phenomenon in the wet season, (3) to show the impact of the ecosystem and the location on emissions of aerosols: biogenic source and guttation are higher in the forest while terrigenous source is higher in wet savanna. The second part of my thesis is a part of the program POLCA (POLlution African Capitals). The main objective was to characterize particulate pollution in Yaounde, capital of Cameroon, and to study its toxicological impact on the human respiratory system. This work allowed to chemically characterize on a seasonal basis aerosols collected monthly from December 2012 to July 2013 and identify the sources. Furthermore, various tests on biological responses of human epithelial cells exposed to Yaounde aerosols were used to determine their toxicity in humans based on the component chemical species. The results showed (1) the impact of the size and number of Yaounde's particles on toxicity: the finer inducing a stronger expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine response and anti-oxidant enzymes, (2) the impact of the chemical composition on this toxicity: aerosols with important quantities of particulate organic matter strongly induce gene expression of the metabolism of xenobiotics, especially CYP1A1
Guitet, Stéphane. "Diversité des écosystèmes forestiers de Guyane française : distribution, déterminants et conséquences en termes de services écosystémiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS183/document.
Повний текст джерелаFrench Guiana forest presents a high originality in terms of biodiversity, a good state of preservation, a strong contribution to the overall Amazonian carbon stocks and a very fast socio-economic dynamic. However, our knowledge about forest ecosystems diversity remains insufficient to ensure an optimal management of the various ecosystems and of the services they may provide across the territory. This thesis aims to answer this central issue by studying the diversity of forest ecosystems at the scale of the entire forested area of French Guiana. Specifically we targeted highlighting the factors that determine ecosystems variability and evaluating the consequences of this variability in terms of ecosystem services and management.Firstly, we bring out complex patterns of diversity at different scales including strong floristic variation at the regional scale, using a recent forest inventories campaign (2006-2013) that has been conducted according to a stratified sampling design which includes 3,132 0.2ha-plots covering the whole territory. Our results verify the hypothesis of a strong control of forest beta and alpha diversity by geomorphology, especially at the landscape scale and for dominant species (Simpson metric). This first step required several preliminary methodological developments including an assessment of the taxonomic uncertainty in forest inventories, and spatial models to accurately characterize the geomorphological context at various scales.Secondly, we aimed at interpreting the influence of geomorphological landscapes on the composition of forest vegetation by exploring the relationship between geomorphology and soils. Using about 450 soil sampling locations coupled with the forest inventory plots, we demonstrated that nature and properties of soils are dependent on geomorphological landscapes and locally distributed along regional elevation gradients. A significant soil filtering effect was found underlying the geomorphological influence on forest composition and diversity. However, a major part of this influence proved to be independent of soil filtering and is interpreted as a combination of two mechanisms at two different time-scales: (i) the control of forest turn-over by the geomorphological dynamics during the Late Quaternary and (ii) the integration of biogeographic effects under the influence of tectonic evolution and ancient climate changes.Last of all, we addressed the consequences of the analysed biotic and abiotic variations, which combine into habitats diversity on forest management and on the variability of ecosystem services provided by forests, particularly for carbon storage in biomass and soils. The amount of carbon stored is highly variable at local scale but proves to be significantly influenced by habitats diversity at the landscape level. This regulation service is related with the local species richness (pertaining to the category of support services) and the amount of usable wood (pertaining to the category of supply services). Complex relationships, including correlations and compromises, are evidenced between these different services. This illustrates the variability of the responses of ecosystem services to the habitats diversity.Finally our work allowed us to provide a new typology of natural habitats present in French Guiana forest and to propose suggestions in order to improve land uses and multifunctional forest management in French Guiana
Rasoloarijao, Tsiory Mampionona. "Écologie de l’abeille, Apis mellifera unicolor Latreille, dans les écosystèmes forestiers naturels de Ranomafana (Madagascar) et Mare Longue (Réunion) : étude du comportement de butinage et de l’utilisation des ressources florales par approche mélissopalynologique." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0043/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe natural forest ecosystems of the Southwest Indian Ocean (SOOI) have been strongly impacted by deforestation and face many biological invasions that are alter their balance, particularly plant-pollinator interactions. It is in this context that this thesis is set, describing the relations between an indigenous general pollinator: Apis mellifera unicolor and the flora of two ecosystems of Madagascar (Ranomafana: RA) and Reunion (Mare Longue: ML). The palynological description of 135 species from 52 families of melliferous plants from the RA formation, highlighted the specific criteria of pollens associated with entomophilous pollination. In a second time, monthly phenological monitoring of 131 species (90% native) to RA and 120 species (53% exotic) to ML allowed to identify and estimate the available floral resources. During one year, the monthly analysis of honeys and pollen collected enabled an inventory of the floral resources actually exploited. Native species were significantly more visited than exotic species, despite a diversity of exotic resources superior to that of the natives (ML). The foraging behaviour of the honeybee on the genus Weinmannia was analysed on the basis of 104 hours of video (W. bojeriana and W. rutenbergii in Madagascar, and W. tinctoria in Reunion Island). The flowers were visited by many potential pollinators: Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and other Hymenoptera. A. m. unicolor was the most frequent visitor to the two species from Madagascar. The results confirmed the generalist behaviour of A. m. unicolor, with, however, a strong and significant preference for native floral species of tree and shrub strata and makes it possible to speculate on the important place of this bee in the ecosystems of the SOOI biodiversity hotspot