Книги: "Ecosystem Transitions"

1

Dubinsky, Zvy, and Noga Stambler, eds. Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0114-4.

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2

1953-, Aronson James, Pereira João S, and Pausas Juli G, eds. Cork oak woodlands in transition: Ecology, adaptive management, and restoration of an ancient Mediterranean ecosystem. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009.

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3

Al'himovich, Igor', Naylya Amirova, Elena Burdenko, Ol'ga Vakurova, Katerina Volkova, Nina Gostieva, Elena Docenko, et al. Green economy in the paradigm of sustainable development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1898399.

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The monograph analyzes the directions of formation, formation and development of the green economy paradigm and closely related concepts of circular, waste-free, cyclical economy, economy based on green growth, bioeconomics, low-carbon economy, blue economy, ecosystem and sustainable development. The history of the formation, the essence and content of these concepts are investigated, as well as the analysis of the practice of implementing the principles of green economy in priority sectors and spheres of Russia and foreign countries is carried out. The results of the study can be used to substantiate the prospects for the introduction of the principles of green economy in the context of global and national problems of sustainable development. Conclusions are formulated about the problems and obstacles of Russia's transition to a green growth model, as well as tools for achieving "greening" of the economy. It is intended for students and postgraduates studying in the field of training (specialty) "Economics", undergraduates studying in the areas of preparation "Economics", "Finance and Credit", managers, entrepreneurs, financiers, as well as for anyone interested in the problems of sustainable development, environmental protection, the formation of waste-free technology and green economy.

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4

Transitions in a Globalising World. CRC Press LLC, 2021.

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5

Martens, Pim, and Jan Rotmans. Transitions in a Globalising World. CRC Press LLC, 2021.

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6

Martens, Pim, and Jan Rotmans. Transitions in a Globalising World. CRC Press LLC, 2021.

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7

Martens, Pim, and Jan Rotmans. Transitions in a Globalising World. CRC Press LLC, 2021.

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8

Fogarty, Michael J., and Jeremy S. Collie. Fishery Ecosystem Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768937.001.0001.

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This book provides an integrated framework for the quantitative analysis of exploited aquatic ecosystems, tracing the critical linkages between fundamental ecological processes and their implications for sustainable resource management. Examples are drawn from freshwater and marine ecosystems throughout the world. Fishery ecosystems have historically been subject to a broad array of human interventions, ranging from large-scale removal of biomass to deliberate attempts at ecosystem engineering involving species introductions, habitat alteration, and selective reorganization of ecosystem structure. Traditional approaches to fisheries analysis and management focus on extraction of resources viewed in isolation from the broader ecosystem setting. Further, these approaches typically are predicated on assumptions of “well-behaved” dynamical properties characterized by stable equilibrium properties. This book explores a broader range of possibilities concerning human impacts on aquatic ecosystems. It places software tools in the hands of students and professionals in an electronic supplement. Modeling and statistical programs in R and other platforms are provided to assist in the transition from concept to practical application.

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9

Malone, Thomas C., Alenka Malej, and Jadran Faganeli, eds. Coastal Ecosystems in Transition. Wiley, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119543626.

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10

Dubinsky, Zvy, and Noga Stambler. Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Springer, 2014.

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11

Dubinsky, Zvy, and Noga Stambler. Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Springer, 2011.

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12

Dubinsky, Zvy, and Noga Stambler. Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Springer London, Limited, 2010.

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13

Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Springer, 2010.

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14

Sivaramanan, Sivakumaran. Wetlands: Transitional Ecosystem and Carbon Sinks. Independently Published, 2018.

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15

Audretsch, David B., Allan O'Connor, Erik Stam, and Fiona Sussan. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Place-Based Transformations and Transitions. Springer, 2018.

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16

Audretsch, David B., Allan O'Connor, Erik Stam, and Fiona Sussan. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Place-Based Transformations and Transitions. Springer, 2019.

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17

Vuorinen, Ilppo. Post-Glacial Baltic Sea Ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.675.

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Post-glacial aquatic ecosystems in Eurasia and North America, such as the Baltic Sea, evolved in the freshwater, brackish, and marine environments that fringed the melting glaciers. Warming of the climate initiated sea level and land rise and subsequent changes in aquatic ecosystems. Seminal ideas on ancient developing ecosystems were based on findings in Swedish large lakes of species that had arrived there from adjacent glacial freshwater or marine environments and established populations which have survived up to the present day. An ecosystem of the first freshwater stage, the Baltic Ice Lake initially consisted of ice-associated biota. Subsequent aquatic environments, the Yoldia Sea, the Ancylus Lake, the Litorina Sea, and the Mya Sea, are all named after mollusc trace fossils. These often convey information on the geologic period in question and indicate some physical and chemical characteristics of their environment. The ecosystems of various Baltic Sea stages are regulated primarily by temperature and freshwater runoff (which affects directly and indirectly both salinity and nutrient concentrations). Key ecological environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and nutrient levels, not only change seasonally but are also subject to long-term changes (due to astronomical factors) and shorter disturbances, for example, a warm period that essentially formed the Yoldia Sea, and more recently the “Little Ice Age” (which terminated the Viking settlement in Iceland).There is no direct way to study the post-Holocene Baltic Sea stages, but findings in geological samples of ecological keystone species (which may form a physical environment for other species to dwell in and/or largely determine the function of an ecosystem) can indicate ancient large-scale ecosystem features and changes. Such changes have included, for example, development of an initially turbid glacial meltwater to clearer water with increasing primary production (enhanced also by warmer temperatures), eventually leading to self-shading and other consequences of anthropogenic eutrophication (nutrient-rich conditions). Furthermore, the development in the last century from oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) to eutrophic conditions also included shifts between the grazing chain (which include large predators, e.g., piscivorous fish, mammals, and birds at the top of the food chain) and the microbial loop (filtering top predators such as jellyfish). Another large-scale change has been a succession from low (freshwater glacier lake) biodiversity to increased (brackish and marine) biodiversity. The present-day Baltic Sea ecosystem is a direct descendant of the more marine Litorina Sea, which marks the beginning of the transition from a primeval ecosystem to one regulated by humans. The recent Baltic Sea is characterized by high concentrations of pollutants and nutrients, a shift from perennial to annual macrophytes (and more rapid nutrient cycling), and an increasing rate of invasion by non-native species. Thus, an increasing pace of anthropogenic ecological change has been a prominent trend in the Baltic Sea ecosystem since the Ancylus Lake.Future development is in the first place dependent on regional factors, such as salinity, which is regulated by sea and land level changes and the climate, and runoff, which controls both salinity and the leaching of nutrients to the sea. However, uncertainties abound, for example the future development of the Gulf Stream and its associated westerly winds, which support the sub-boreal ecosystems, both terrestrial and aquatic, in the Baltic Sea area. Thus, extensive sophisticated, cross-disciplinary modeling is needed to foresee whether the Baltic Sea will develop toward a freshwater or marine ecosystem, set in a sub-boreal, boreal, or arctic climate.

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18

Smil, Vaclav. Grand Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060664.001.0001.

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The modern world was created through the combination and complex interactions of five grand transitions. First, the demographic transition changed the total numbers, dynamics, structure, and residential pattern of populations. The agricultural and dietary transition led to the emergence of highly productive cropping and animal husbandry (subsidized by fossil energies and electricity), a change that eliminated famines, reduced malnutrition, and improved the health of populations but also resulted in enormous food waste and had many environmental consequences. The energy transition brought the world from traditional biomass fuels and human and animal labor to fossil fuel, ever more efficient electricity, lights, and motors, all of which transformed both agricultural and industrial production and enabled mass-scale mobility and instant communication. Economic transition has been marked by relatively high growth rates of total national and global product, by fundamental structural transformation (from farming to industries to services), and by an increasing share of humanity living in affluent societies, enjoying unprecedented quality of life. These transitions have made many intensifying demands on the environment, resulting in ecosystemic degradation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, and eventually change on the planetary level, with global warming being the most worrisome development. This book traces the genesis of these transitions, their interactions and complicated progress as well as their outcomes and impacts, explaining how the modern world was made—and then offers a forward-thinking examination of some key unfolding transitions and appraising their challenges and possible results.

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19

White, P. J. Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition. Harvard University Press, 2013.

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20

White, P. J. Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition. Harvard University Press, 2013.

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21

Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition. Harvard University Press, 2013.

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22

Transition towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. FAO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cb8268en.

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23

Adaptive Food Webs: Stability and Transitions of Real and Model Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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24

Moore, John C., Volkmar Wolters, Kevin S. McCann, and Peter C. de Ruiter. Adaptive Food Webs: Stability and Transitions of Real and Model Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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25

Moore, John C., Volkmar Wolters, Kevin S. McCann, and Peter C. de Ruiter. Adaptive Food Webs: Stability and Transitions of Real and Model Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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26

Ladaah, George Openjuru, Luke Metelerkamp, Jo-Anna Russon, Bonaventure Kyaligonja, Scovia Adrupio, David Ocan, Kenneth Nyeko, et al. Transitional Vocational Education and Training in Africa: A Social Skills Ecosystem Perspective. Bristol University Press, 2023.

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27

Melo, Ricardo A., Aschwin Hillebrand Engelen, Bernardo Duarte, Célia M. Teixeira, Irene Martins, Janine Barbara Adams, Maria Bebianno, Raquel Lorenz Costa, and Vanessa F. Fonseca, eds. Emerging Topics in Coastal and Transitional Ecosystems: Science, Literacy, and Innovation. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88976-294-1.

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28

Lopez, Mario Ivan, and Jafar Suryomenggolo. Environmental Resources Use and Challenges in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Tropical Ecosystems in Transition. Springer, 2018.

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29

Lopez, Mario Ivan, and Jafar Suryomenggolo. Environmental Resources Use and Challenges in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Tropical Ecosystems in Transition. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2019.

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30

European Wood-Pastures in Transition: A Social-Ecological Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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31

Malone, Thomas C., Jadran Faganeli, and Alenka Malej. Coastal Ecosystems in Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Northern Adriatic and Chesapeake Bay. American Geophysical Union, 2020.

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32

Malone, Thomas C., Jadran Faganeli, and Alenka Malej. Coastal Ecosystems in Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Northern Adriatic and Chesapeake Bay. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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33

Malone, Thomas C., Jadran Faganeli, and Alenka Malej. Coastal Ecosystems in Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Northern Adriatic and Chesapeake Bay. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2020.

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34

Malone, Thomas C., Jadran Faganeli, and Alenka Malej. Coastal Ecosystems in Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Northern Adriatic and Chesapeake Bay. American Geophysical Union, 2020.

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35

Woldoff, Rachael A., and Robert C. Litchfield. Digital Nomads. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931780.001.0001.

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Digital nomads are knowledge workers who actively seek a lifestyle of freedom, using technology to perform their work remotely, traveling far and wide, and moving as often as they like. They have left their local coffee shops behind and now proudly post their “office of the day” photos from exotic locales, but what do their lives really look like? This book takes readers into an expatriate digital nomad community in Bali, Indonesia, and presents new manifestations of classic questions about community, creativity, and the role of place in the modern human ecosystem. It explains why digital nomads leave their creative class cities behind, arguing that creative class workers, though successful, often feel that their “world class cities” and desirable jobs are anything but paradise. This book follows nomads’ work transitions into freelancing, entrepreneurship, and remote jobs. Then, it explains how digital nomads create a fluid but intimate place-based community abroad in the company of like-minded others. It shows why and how individuals blend in-person and online activity in their pursuit of community and freedom. This book provides insights into individuals’ efforts to live lives and create work identities that balance freedom, community, and creative fulfillment in the digital age, and it provides insights into a larger cultural discourse about the future of cities, work, and community.

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36

Plieninger, Tobias, and Tibor Hartel. European Wood-Pastures in Transition: A Social-Ecological Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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37

Knieps, Günter, and Volker Stocker, eds. The Future of the Internet. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748902096.

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Strong dynamics and multifaceted innovations characterise the Internet. In this rapidly evolving ecosystem, challenges but also questions concerning innovation, integration and sustainability arise. The Internet of things brings disruptive innovations which are no longer limited to communication applications, but rather spur the transition of traditional network industries into intelligent (smart) networks. Critical requirements are QoS differentiated All-IP bandwidth capacities combined with sensor networks, geopositioning services and big data. In this volume, leading international researchers present their latest findings on the dynamics of the Internet in the future, covering a variety of current and highly relevant issues related to the Internet of things, 5G, interconnection, Internet ecosystem innovation and network neutrality. With contributions by Günter Knieps, Volker Stocker, Bert Sadowski, Onder Nomaler, Jason Whalley, Thomas Fetzer, Johannes M. Bauer, William Lehr, Iris Henseler-Unger, Falk von Bornstaedt, Marlies Van der Wee, Frederic Vannieuwenborg, Sofie Verbrugge, Christopher S. Yoo, Jesse Lambert

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38

Fiorino, Daniel J. Two Worlds Colliding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190605803.003.0001.

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In recent decades, ecological politics in the United States has been locked in a zero-sum conflict, with ecological goals pitted against economic ones. The result is that ecosystems and public health are increasingly at risk, needed transitions in energy and other systems are delayed, and opportunities for leveraging economic and ecological goals are unrealized. This matters, because economic growth is placing increasing pressures on local, regional, and global ecosystems and resources. Growing and compelling evidence of ecological limits raises not only critical threats to health and the natural environment but undermines the very basis for economic and social well-being. The alternative to an irresponsible strategy of unguided growth or a politically unrealistic and socially risky one of no growth or de-growth is that of green growth. Green growth defines a basis for both a politically realistic framing of ecology–economy issues and a workable policy agenda for change.

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39

Fiorino, Daniel J. The Green Growth Policy Agenda. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190605803.003.0006.

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The concept of green growth offers both a means of reframing ecology–economy relationships and defining an agenda for change. This chapter sets out the framework for a green growth policy agenda. This agenda builds upon existing strategies and tools, such as use of mandatory technology or performance standards, but also is distinctive in expanding the scope of policymaking, emphasizing ecology–economy positive-sums, looking beyond ecological to other policy sectors, granting critical ecosystems principled priority in decisions, and incorporating social costs. As for tools, the green growth agenda relies heavily on market-like mechanisms such as pollution taxes or trading, on methods for valuing ecosystems services, and on reorienting investment strategies for green sectors and goals. In sum, there exists a rich and varied green growth policy agenda that may support a transition toward green growth.

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40

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Transition Towards an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea: Opportunités et défis Pour la Durabilité des Petites Exploitations Agricoles. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2022.

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41

Linee guida e casi di studio per la gestione dei siti della rete Natura 2000 in ambienti di transizione: Atti del worshop tenutosi a Grado, Palazzo dei congressi, 7-8 giugno 2006 = Guidelines and case studies for the management of Natura 2000 sites in transitional environments : proceedings of the workshop held in Grado, Palazzo dei congressi, 7-8 June 2006. Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, Ufficio pubblicazioni e scambi, 2007.

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42

Linee guida e casi di studio per la gestione dei siti della rete Natura 2000 in ambienti di transizione: Atti del worshop tenutosi a Grado, Palazzo dei congressi, 7-8 giugno 2006 = Guidelines and case studies for the management of Natura 2000 sites in transitional environments : proceedings of the workshop held in Grado, Palazzo dei congressi, 7-8 June 2006. Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, Ufficio pubblicazioni e scambi, 2007.

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43

Forest Ecosystems in the Transition to a Green Economy and the Role of REDD+ in the United Republic of Tanzania. United Nations, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/80e456e9-en.

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44

Halloy, José. Sustainability of living machines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0065.

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Humankind is facing the reality of climate change and energy and resource transitions that could pose a major existential threat. Our future technological development must respond to these challenges. Artificial intelligence and robotics are making tremendous progress. However, in terms of power, energy, and materials consumptions the gap between these technologies and a living being is huge and non-sustainable in the long term. This chapter argues for a radical biomimetic, or Living Machines, approach to the development of next generation technologies; radical meaning including the type of chemistry and ecological processes found in living systems. This radical approach necessitates re-inventing our computational technologies in terms of materials, architectures, and processes, linking these processes within new technological ecosystems, and learning from the self-regulating ecological cycles of birth, growth, death, and re-use found in the natural world.

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45

Farrell, Justin. The New (Wild) West: Social Upheaval, Moral Devaluation, and the Rise of Conflict. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164342.003.0003.

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This chapter examines how dramatic social change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) after 1970 ramped up competing moral commitments. It draws on a wealth of longitudinal data about demographic, economic, and cultural rearrangement to show how the area transitioned, in striking fashion, from old west to new west. It makes two arguments: First, that this large-scale social change has important moral causes and consequences, as competing groups erect and protect new moral boundaries in the fight for nature. Second, this new social and moral arrangement fostered protracted environmental conflict. The chapter presents the cast of characters involved in GYE conflicts, and then documents the rise of conflict using a host of original time-series indicators, across a variety of institutional fields (e.g., lawsuits, voting segregation, congressional attention, scientific disputes, public responses, interest group conflict, carrying capacity conflict).

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46

Brook, Barry W., Erle C. Ellis, and Jessie C. Buettel. What is the evidence for planetary tipping points? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0008.

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This chapter critically evaluates the likelihood that planet Earth will cross one or more global environmental tipping points, resulting in a degraded state that would be difficult to reverse. Ecological tipping points occur when components of a system change rapidly due an initial forcing that is amplified by positive feedbacks, resulting in a regime shift. The chapter examines the evidence in support of biological and geophysical boundaries that clearly delimit a “safe operating space” for people and biodiversity. For individual ecosystems, abrupt state transitions have been documented. However, apart from the climate system, there is scant evidence (or theoretical justification) to support the view that global aggregates like biodiversity, chemical cycles, or resource extraction have planetary thresholds that define the boundaries of a global safe operating space. Acknowledging the absence of clear evidence for thresholds or boundaries at the global level does not diminish the seriousness of anthropogenic impacts. It does, however, imply that local-scale mitigation actions will be most effective.

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47

Claussen, Martin, Anne Dallmeyer, and Jürgen Bader. Theory and Modeling of the African Humid Period and the Green Sahara. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.532.

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There is ample evidence from palaeobotanic and palaeoclimatic reconstructions that during early and mid-Holocene between some 11,700 years (in some regions, a few thousand years earlier) and some 4200 years ago, subtropical North Africa was much more humid and greener than today. This African Humid Period (AHP) was triggered by changes in the orbital forcing, with the climatic precession as the dominant pacemaker. Climate system modeling in the 1990s revealed that orbital forcing alone cannot explain the large changes in the North African summer monsoon and subsequent ecosystem changes in the Sahara. Feedbacks between atmosphere, land surface, and ocean were shown to strongly amplify monsoon and vegetation changes. Forcing and feedbacks have caused changes far larger in amplitude and extent than experienced today in the Sahara and Sahel. Most, if not all, climate system models, however, tend to underestimate the amplitude of past African monsoon changes and the extent of the land-surface changes in the Sahara. Hence, it seems plausible that some feedback processes are not properly described, or are even missing, in the climate system models.Perhaps even more challenging than explaining the existence of the AHP and the Green Sahara is the interpretation of data that reveal an abrupt termination of the last AHP. Based on climate system modeling and theoretical considerations in the late 1990s, it was proposed that the AHP could have ended, and the Sahara could have expanded, within just a few centuries—that is, much faster than orbital forcing. In 2000, paleo records of terrestrial dust deposition off Mauritania seemingly corroborated the prediction of an abrupt termination. However, with the uncovering of more paleo data, considerable controversy has arisen over the geological evidence of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes. Some records clearly show abrupt changes in some climate and terrestrial parameters, while others do not. Also, climate system modeling provides an ambiguous picture.The prediction of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes at the end of the AHP is hampered by limitations implicit in the climate system. Because of the ubiquitous climate variability, it is extremely unlikely that individual paleo records and model simulations completely match. They could do so in a statistical sense, that is, if the statistics of a large ensemble of paleo data and of model simulations converge. Likewise, the interpretation regarding the strength of terrestrial feedback from individual records is elusive. Plant diversity, rarely captured in climate system models, can obliterate any abrupt shift between green and desert state. Hence, the strength of climate—vegetation feedback is probably not a universal property of a certain region but depends on the vegetation composition, which can change with time. Because of spatial heterogeneity of the African landscape and the African monsoon circulation, abrupt changes can occur in several, but not all, regions at different times during the transition from the humid mid-Holocene climate to the present-day more arid climate. Abrupt changes in one region can be induced by abrupt changes in other regions, a process sometimes referred to as “induced tipping.” The African monsoon system seems to be prone to fast and potentially abrupt changes, which to understand and to predict remains one of the grand challenges in African climate science.

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48

Schandl, Heinz, and Iain Walker, eds. Social Science and Sustainability. CSIRO Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486306411.

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Sustainability policies shape the ways that society and the economy interact with the environment, natural resources and ecosystems, and address issues such as water, energy and food security, and climate change. These policies are complex and are, at times, obscured by contestation, uncertainty and sometimes ignorance. Ultimately, sustainability problems are social problems and they need to be addressed through social and policy change. Social Science and Sustainability draws on the wide-ranging experience of CSIRO’s social scientists in the sustainability policy domain. These researchers have extensive experience in addressing complex issues of society–nature relationships, usually in interdisciplinary collaboration with natural scientists. This book describes some of the evidence-based concepts, frameworks and methodologies they have developed, which may guide a transition to sustainability. Contributions range from exploring ways to enhance livelihoods and alleviate poverty, to examining Australians’ responses to climate change, to discussing sociological perspectives on sustainability and how to make policy relevant. Researchers, policy-makers and decision-makers around the globe will find this book a valuable and thought-provoking contribution to the sustainability literature. It is also suited to academics and students in postgraduate-level courses in social sciences and sustainability, or in courses in applied sociology, applied social psychology and other applied social sciences.

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49

Briar-Lawson, Katharine, Paul Miesing, and Blanca M. Ramos, eds. Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprises in Economic and Social Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518298.001.0001.

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This book shows how social entrepreneurship and social enterprises can integrate social and economic development. These dual-mission ventures that strive to achieve both financial sustainability and social good are especially path-breaking approaches in reducing economic, education, health, technology, and other disparities among marginalized individuals, families, and communities. While this global movement varies in pace and scope, this work features snapshots from eight countries or regions. This volume focuses especially on emerging economies and those in transition, featuring African countries of Kenya and Tanzania, Albania, Argentina, Central Asian countries of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Cuba, India, the Russian Federation, and Taiwan. We examine a variety of ventures and their social policy context as they attempt to meet human needs while simultaneously also attaining financial sustainability. We also suggest social policies that promote supports for social entrepreneurs since environmental, economic, and social sustainability are core goals. But we also raise cautions about fostering social enterprises as panaceas for addressing human needs when government investments are required in social welfare, social protections, and ecosystem supports. Contextual frames are provided that range from social enterprise business plans and measuring entrepreneurial orientation to avoiding displacement dynamics and pitfalls of non-market economies. These are consistent with the global agenda of building jobs from the ground up as articulated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Recommendations are derived from illustrative cases from the nations and regions featured for more strategic supports and investments in social entrepreneurs and social enterprises.

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Vernallis, Carol, Amy Herzog, and John Richardson, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Sound and Image in Digital Media. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199757640.001.0001.

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This collection of essays explores the relations between sound and image in a rapidly shifting landscape of audiovisual media in the digital age. Featuring contributions from scholars who bring with them an impressive array of disciplinary expertise, from film studies and philosophy to musicology, pornography, digital gaming, and media studies, the book charts new territory by analyzing what it calls the “media swirl” and the “audiovisual turn.” It draws on a range of media texts including blockbuster cinema, video art, music videos, video games, amateur video compilations, visualization technologies, documentaries, and immersive theater to address myriad subjects such as the transition of cinematic discourses to digital production and distribution, the relations between screens and public space, and the shifting nature of noise within digital ecosystems. It also examines noise, droning, and silence as recurring themes in New Extremist films of Europe, along with temporal and generic anomalies by citing examples such as the Silent Hill videogame series, the performance/installation Sleep No More, and the poetics of David Lynch’s Inland Empire. In addition, the book discusses the translation of information into digital media, how music has both shaped and become embedded within the aesthetic culture of political conflict, the nature of “realism” in relation to new audiovisual media networks, and the accelerated aesthetics of networked mediascape and the ways in which they may be connected to contemporary labor and global capitalism.

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