Дисертації з теми "Ecosystem service model"
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Prokopp, Christian Werner. "Semantic service discovery in the service ecosystem." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50872/1/Christian_Prokopp_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Gary Wayne. "Connecting Landscapes to People: Assessing the Distribution of Ecosystem Service Flows Using the SPAN Approach." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/301.
Повний текст джерелаNannelli, Martina. "Competitiveness and Sustainability in the Sharing Economy Era. Opportunities and challenges from the Tourism and Hospitality Accommodation Industry." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/299831.
Повний текст джерелаHellbe, Simon, and Peter Leung. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION : HOW APIS DRIVE BUSINESS MODEL CHANGE AND INNOVATION." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119506.
Повний текст джерелаSousa, Lisa Pinto de. "Model to integrate ecosystem services into the planning process." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21697.
Повний текст джерелаTriggered by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, among other seminal publications, ecosystem services research has experienced an almost exponential growth over the past two decades. Since then, ecosystem services have become widespread and the concept has been used in different disciplines, separately and in collaboration, to address complex socioecological problems. These efforts were accompanied at political level with a number of international and European initiatives, such as the creation of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the adoption of the EU Biodiversity Strategy. Driving the uptake of ecosystem services is the argument that its integration can lead to better environmental decision-making. Moreover, by emphasizing the ecosystems’ central role on human well-being it provides anthropocentric-oriented argumentation for biodiversity and nature conservation. This is particularly relevant for coastal regions which are complex socialecological systems with high ecological value but simultaneously under significant pressure. This challenges traditional forms of management and calls for a more integrative, adaptive, inclusive, and ecosystem-based management. Despite of the growing body of work, the actual uptake of ecosystem services into policy and decision-making processes is still limited and challenging. On this basis, and considering the constraints when putting ecosystem services into practice, this research aims to: i) develop and discuss a managementoriented approach to identify, classify and map the ecosystem services provided by a complex social-ecological system; ii) develop an in-depth study of the ecosystem services present in Ria de Aveiro coastal region, as well as the main pressures and potential impacts; iii) explore the potential of integration of the ecosystem services on spatial planning process, particularly on Estuary Programmes. Estuary Programmes were seen as a unique opportunity to investigate these issues, since they are special programmes, are focused on complex socialecological systems, and can be further explored. Though Vouga Estuary Programme was created in 2009, it has not been developed yet, which presents an opportunity for testing the proposed approach and methodologies in the future. Although it uses Ria de Aveiro costal region as case study, the lessons learned and the proposed model can be used in other social-ecological systems beyond the estuary level or Portugal. Despite of the identified biophysical, technical and management constraints, this research proved that it is possible to map multiple ecosystem services using available data, and that ecosystem services knowledge can be incorporated in spatial planning process by adapting current planning practices (including participation). As new data becomes available, ecosystem services’ assessment methods become standardized, and technical skills evolve, the proposed approach and methodologies can be gradually improved, following the adaptive management rationale. This research suggests that spatial planning processes need to bring together various disciplines from natural and social sciences, and be informed by multiple layers of information regarding the provision of ecosystem services, pressures, alternative futures and stakeholders’ preferences and concerns. Principles such as comprehensive, adaptive, inclusive, and integrative were considered key for guiding ecosystem services integration into spatial planning process. Additionally, it highlights the viability and relevance of integrating ecosystem services into the technical configuration of Estuary Programs and spatial planning processes, in general. It also demonstrates how the integration of these concepts helps to innovate and strengthen the process of environmental planning and management towards sustainability, territorial and social cohesion, responding to current societal challenges and contributing to human well-being.
Os serviços de ecossistemas têm vindo a assumir um papel central na investigação científica, observando-se um crescimento exponencial no número de publicações científicas nas últimas duas décadas. Impulsionado por um conjunto de publicações influentes, designadamente a avaliação global do Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, este conceito tem vindo a ser adotado por várias disciplinas no sentido de responder, individual ou conjuntamente, aos desafios decorrentes da complexidade dos sistemas socio-ecológicos. Paralelamente, a nível político, tem-se observado um aumento significativo de iniciativas internacionais e europeias com enfoque nos serviços de ecossistemas, como a criação da Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, a adoção do Plano Global Estratégico para a Biodiversidade, e a adoção da Estratégia Europeia para a Biodiversidade. Vários argumentos têm motivado a sua apropriação, nomeadamente a convicção de que a integração dos serviços de ecossistemas permitirá melhorar o processo de tomada de decisão no desenho e implementação das políticas ambientais, salientando o papel basilar dos ecossistemas no bem-estar humano. Estes aspetos são particularmente relevantes para as zonas costeiras, uma vez que estas são sistemas socio-ecológicos complexos caracterizados, simultaneamente, por um elevado valor ecológico e elevada vulnerabilidade. Esta circunstância desafia as práticas tradicionais de planeamento e apela a uma gestão mais integradora, adaptativa, inclusiva e fortemente baseada nos ecossistemas. Não obstante o crescente volume de investigação desenvolvido nesta área, a integração dos serviços de ecossistemas no processo de planeamento e tomada de decisão é considerada, ainda, limitada e desafiante, em particular nestes territórios de interface – as zonas costeiras. Assim, e tendo em consideração os constrangimentos da sua aplicação prática, são objetivos específicos desta investigação: i) desenvolver e discutir uma abordagem, orientada para a gestão do território, que permita identificar, classificar e mapear os serviços de ecossistemas; ii) desenvolver um estudo aprofundado dos serviços de ecossistemas presentes na Ria de Aveiro e zona costeira adjacente, bem como as principais pressões e potenciais impactos; iii) propor um modelo de integração dos serviços de ecossistemas no processo de planeamento espacial, aplicado aos Programas de Estuário. A figura de Programa de Estuário – por ser um programa de natureza especial, por incidir sobre um sistema socio-ecológico complexo, e por ainda não estar devidamente explorada – foi encarada como uma oportunidade única para investigar esta temática. Criado em 2009, o Programa de Estuário do Vouga não foi, à data, elaborado. Neste contexto real, antevê-se como uma excelente oportunidade de futuro para testar as metodologias e abordagem desenhadas ao longo desta investigação. Apesar do âmbito territorial da investigação ter incidência na Ria de Aveiro e zona costeira adjacente, a abordagem, os resultados e o modelo desenvolvido podem ser replicados noutros sistemas socio-ecológicos que vão para além dos estuários e do território nacional. A complexidade da área de estudo evidenciou constrangimentos de ordem biofísica, técnica e de gestão territorial. Através deste estudo demonstra-se que é possível, com base na informação existente, mapear múltiplos serviços de ecossistemas e incorporar este tipo de informação no processo de planeamento através da adaptação das práticas correntes (inclusivamente de participação). À medida que novos dados vão surgindo, que os métodos e técnicas vão sendo padronizados, e que as competências técnicas vão evoluindo, a abordagem e metodologias propostas podem ser gradualmente melhoradas, seguindo a lógica da gestão adaptativa. Constata-se a necessidade de o processo de planeamento envolver várias disciplinas das ciências naturais e sociais, bem como ter em consideração múltiplos tipos de informação, não só relativa aos serviços prestados pelos ecossistemas, mas também às pressões, aos cenários alternativos, e às preferências e preocupações dos atores chave. Finalmente, identificam-se quatro princípios fundamentais que devem orientar a integração dos serviços de ecossistemas no processo de planeamento e gestão territorial: holístico, adaptação, inclusão, integração. Esta investigação evidencia, de modo inequívoco, a viabilidade e relevância de integração dos serviços de ecossistemas na configuração técnica dos Programas de Estuário, e dos processos de planeamento em geral. Demonstra, ainda, o modo como a integração destes conceitos inova e fortalece o processo de planeamento ambiental e gestão do território, numa ótica de sustentabilidade, coesão territorial e social, respondendo aos atuais desafios societais e contribuindo para o bem-estar humano.
Scheithauer, Gregor [Verfasser] [Akademischer Betreuer]. "A Service Description Method for Service Ecosystems - Meta Models, Modeling Notations, and Model Transformations / Gregor Scheithauer. Betreuer: Gregor Scheithauer." Bamberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Bamberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014896738/34.
Повний текст джерелаFalk, Helena. "Accessibility of Water Related, Cultural Ecosystem Services in Stockholm County." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190700.
Повний текст джерелаGuillem, Eléonore E. "Human behaviour and ecosystem services in sustainable farming landscapes : an agent-based model of socio-ecological systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8751.
Повний текст джерелаHay, J. "The dilemma of a theoretical framework for the training of education support services staff within inclusive education." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/606.
Повний текст джерелаThe medical biological and ecosystemic models are two paradigms which are currently making a huge impact on education support services on an international level. The medical biological model has been dominating the way in which multidisciplinary support has been delivered within 20th-century special education. However, with the advent of inclusive education, the ecosystemic model has initially been pushed to the fore as the preferred metatheory of support services. This article specifically interrogates these two conflicting paradigms in education support services within the South African schooling and higher education bands, as well as Bronfenbrenner's integration of these models with regard to the bio-ecological model. Finally, this article proposes the bio-ecosystemic framework according to which the training of multidisciplinary education support services staff should proceed in order to ensure a sound and less conflicting theoretical framework.
Lohani, Sapana. "Linking ecosystem services with state-and-transition models to evaluate rangeland management decisions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/314685.
Повний текст джерелаMolin, Paulo Guilherme. "Dynamic modeling of native vegetation in the Piracicaba River basin and its effects on ecosystem services." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-06012015-111535/.
Повний текст джерелаLevantamentos do Instituto Florestal de São Paulo têm mostrado que no final do século XX a cobertura florestal nativa total do estado atingiu um patamar de perda e que se iniciou então um período de expansão. Rigidez de leis, fiscalização, benefícios econômicos, além de pressão social demonstrados nos últimos anos têm contribuído para essa expansão da vegetação nativa em certos locais. Este estudo propôs modelar a dinâmica da cobertura florestal nativa na bacia do Rio Piracicaba (12.500 km2), localizada no Estado de São Paulo, para averiguar os possíveis efeitos dessas mudanças nos serviços ecossistêmicos ligados à vazão e regulação de rios, além da própria estrutura da paisagem simulada, interligando-se com biodiversidade e habitat, promovidos pelos remanescentes florestais. Para atingir a proposta estabelecida nesta pesquisa, modelos de dinâmica da vegetação nativa foram desenvolvidos. Foram utilizados mapas temáticos de cobertura e uso do solo dos anos 1990, 2000 e 2010 originados a partir de imagens Landsat 5 TM. Com auxílio do software Dinamica EGO, especializado em modelagem da paisagem, criaram-se três modelos espaciais e temporais da dinâmica florestal, levando em consideração os cenários status quo (SQ), no deforestation (ND) e riparian restoration enforcement (RRE). Uma análise usando pesos de evidência foi utilizada para identificar as variáveis de transição florestal. As variáveis foram divididas em dois grupos, (1) físicas e ambientais, consistindo de tipos de solo, rede de drenagem, pluviosidade e presença de fragmentos florestais e (2) antrópicos, consistindo de densidade populacional, produto interno bruto, rede viária, zonas urbanas e predominância de atividade rural. Os cenários resultantes foram analisados por métricas de paisagem para fim de comparação e qualificação dos fragmentos em relação a sua estrutura, interligando-se aos serviços ecossistêmicos de suporte. Por último, foi realizada uma modelagem hidrológica usando o modelo Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) para averiguar a influência da mudança florestal na regulação de vazão de rios e portanto comparar os cenários em relação aos seus efeitos sobre serviços ecossistêmicos de regulação interligados à água. Resultados mostraram que transição florestal ocorreu, passando a cobertura florestal de 24,4% em 1990 para 20,1% em 2000 e então 21,8% em 2010. Cenários resultaram em uma cobertura florestal de 22,4% (SQ), 43,2% (LE) e 28,4% (RRE) para o ano de 2050. A perda de floresta foi identificada como produto de variáveis de natureza antrópica enquanto o ganho florestal foi de variáveis físicas e ambientais. Regiões com melhores condições ambientais resultaram em melhores valores de estrutura da paisagem. SQ foi afetado principalmente pela perda de pequenos fragmentos florestais que funcionam como conectores estruturais da paisagem, potencialmente afetando a biodiversidade e habitat. O deflúvio médio anual foi reduzido em até 10,3% com o incremento florestal observado em ND. Conclui-se que a cobertura florestal na paisagem e os cenários propostos afetam o deflúvio, regulação e a estrutura da paisagem, nos permitindo discutir nas diferenças entre cada cenário e a relação entre dinâmica florestal, estrutura da paisagem, hidrologia e potenciais efeitos nos serviços ecossistêmicos de suporte e regulação.
Gandia, Rodrigo. "Innovation in ecosystem business models : An application to MaaS and Autonomous vehicles in urban mobility system." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC018.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has become widespread in Western countries and has become a solid market option, presenting a transport system offer based no longer on ownership but use. This approach places the user at the heart of urban mobility issues, so consumers must be open to adopting new technologies and services, such as autonomous vehicles. Based on our research, this Ph.D. thesis aims to analyze the concept of MaaS in order to identify the conditions for its implementation and diffusion in tomorrow's urban mobility. We found that to take a sustainable place in the urban mobility system, MaaS must be considered as a modular and adaptable business model applicable to all socio-political, regulatory, environmental, and economic contexts. To this end, the business model of this innovative ecosystem must take into account consumer acceptance, coordination of the multiple actors making up the value chain within a MaaS and existing transport systems that are specific with their development of technological
Saad, Sandra Isay. "Modelagem e valoração dos serviços ambientais hidrológicos na recuperação da vegetação no Ribeirão das Posses, Extrema, MG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-23032018-155045/.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental and socioeconomic issues not always coexist in a reconciled manner, which may oppose biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, water quality and production, to other factors such as energy production, food and fiber, and job creation. In Brazil, the Forest Code prescribes the Permanent Preservation Areas in order to guarantee the maintenance of Environmental Services (ES), and the Payment for Environmental Services project (PES) are emerging as a way to reward the providers of ES, as Conservador das Águas project, the first Brazilian municipal initiative, underway in Extrema Municipality. Despite the efforts, there are few studies that quantify the economic benefits of ecosystem services essential for them to be part of decision-making process. The objective of this work was to quantify and assess the hydrological Environmental Services in the recovery of vegetation in Posses subbasin in Extrema, through environmental modeling. Using InVEST model (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs) we simulated sediment and streamflow in a scenario before Conservador das Águas project (Pre-Project), after (Post-Project), another with no soil conservation practices (Anthropized), and others which prioritize reforestation of riparian areas (riparian reforestation) or in slopes (reforestation of steep areas). The Environmental Services were estimated based on the avoided cost of reducing water treatment and dredging (off-site costs) and erosion (on-site costs), as functions of the difference between scenarios, and they were compared to the Payment for Environmental Services and the opportunity cost, equivalent to the extensive livestock income. It was found that the roads contributed to 29% of the total soil loss in the subbasin, and barraginhas, one of the conservation practices adopted by the project, decreased sediment flow in the river mouth by 4%, and reforestation of native species by 5%. Together, the two practices contributed to a reduction in 9%. The reduction of sediments flow in Post-Project scenario in relation to Anthropized was of 40%. Riparian reforestation was more efficient in the reduction of sediment flow than the reforestation of steep areas, what caused greater reduction in the costs of water treatment and dredging. While a 5 m riparian reforestation reduced sediment flow by 23%, reforestation in steep areas with the same area of forest (areas with slope above 60%) reduced sediment flow by 2%. For a 30 m of riparian strip of reforestation, it was reduced by 50%. On the other hand, reforestation of steep areas was more efficient in reducing soil loss, and so it presented greater reduction in on-site costs by reducing the losses caused by erosion. Results showed the importance of projects such as the Conservador das Águas, not only in the improvement of environmental conditions, but mainly in the conservation of native forests. The main beneficiaries of these projects are small farmers by improving social and environmental conditions, but the benefits go beyond the subbasin boundaries, and we believe that efforts to preserve must be shared by indirect beneficiaries, which in the case of Posses subbasin are the users of water from the Cantareira System. Our suggestion for this contribution is at least 28% of Payment for Environmental Services by preserved area.
Bain, Christopher. "Developing effective hospital management information systems: A technology ecosystem perspective." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1410.
Повний текст джерелаBlanco, González Víctor. "Modelling adaptation strategies for Swedish forestry under climate and global change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25380.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Lulu. "Impact of Land Use and Climate Change on Hydrological Ecosystem Services (Water Supply) in the Dryland Area of the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-183409.
Повний текст джерелаTaktikos, Niko. "Application of integrated models to assess the impacts of floodplain connectivity on ecosystem services : a case study at Tempsford, UK." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9650.
Повний текст джерелаVan, Scoyoc Matthew W. "A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL SITES AND STATE-AND-TRANSITION MODELS." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3075.
Повний текст джерелаPoschenrieder, Werner [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Pretzsch, Anja [Gutachter] Rammig, and Hans [Gutachter] Pretzsch. "Model extensions to capture multiple forest ecosystem services in future scenarios on landscape scale / Werner Poschenrieder ; Gutachter: Anja Rammig, Hans Pretzsch ; Betreuer: Hans Pretzsch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1186256478/34.
Повний текст джерелаGudmundsson, Sofia, and Anaïs Lachini. "Designing Business Models of Tomorrow : Exploring the Expansion of Cleantech-as-a-Service through an Agile approach." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104645.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Guillou Fanny. "Approche systémique de la haie, pour passer de sa multifonctionnalité à la conception de plans de gestion." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC003.
Повний текст джерелаHedgerow, across its many functions, takes action in the problems generated by the current climate change. However, the radical agricultural landscape evolution during the 20th century led to massive removal of hedgerows in the past 60 years. Although its economic, ecological and socio-cultural interests are proved, they are not recognised by all the actors and the hedgerow density keep decreasing. The consequences of this disappearance gradually raise awareness of the need to preserve hedgerows. Some initiatives appears at various scales with an increasing demand for diagnostic tools and qualitative evaluation. Yet, the territorial cohesion is missing and there is a lack of data to precisely characterise the hedge.Our research gets on with the systemic study of roles and functions of hedgerow and its place in space on the bas-normand territory from a multi-scale approach in order to understand the reasons of deterioration still at work and suggest solutions. This study aims to propose tools to characterise the hedge, so as to integrate a systemic vision of the services in order to develop multifunctional management plans that can be spatially transposed. Three complementary approaches lead to this tool. The first purpose of this work is to realise a systemic model from a substantial, multidisciplinary and very fragmented bibliography. Then, a quantitative approach has been set up to characterise the evolution and functionality of the hedgerows, estimate production capacities and analyse the spatial organisation of hedgerow networks. In a third step, a qualitative approach is carried out to collect the actor perception (populations and managers) and to better understand the place of hedges in the current rural landscape. Finally, the results of these approaches have been used to develop the Ger'haies model, an agent-based model intended to be used as a mediation tool for the establishment of PGMH on a municipal territory
Villamor, Grace [Verfasser]. "Flexibility of Multi-agent System Models for Rubber Agroforest Landscapes and Social Response to Emerging Reward Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services in Sumatra, Indonesia / Grace Villamor." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044081988/34.
Повний текст джерелаFeger, Clément. "Nouvelles comptabilités au service des écosystèmes. Une recherche engagée auprès d'une entreprise du secteur de l'environnement." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаCurrent efforts to halt the destruction of the planet’s ecosystems and to reinforce and renew their collective management reside on three distinct innovation fronts: (1) the design and use of new ecosystem assessment tools by conservation scientists and practitioners; (2) the development of new social and environmental accounting frameworks and tools at the level of organization; (3) the contribution of the private sector to natural capital protection and maintenance. This doctoral thesis aims to relate these three domains of innovation to one another by mobilizing the accounting discipline as a pivot to connect ecological information systems and tools, diverse forms of collective action for ecosystem management, and private sector initiatives and accounting innovations. The thesis combines a work of theoretical construction with the results of an action-research conducted in an environmental sector company that seeks to develop new services specifically designed for the management of ecological systems. We first propose a new theoretical and practical perspective at the junction of accounting and conservation science centered on the collective management of ecological issues: the development of Management Accounting for Ecosystems. We show why and how they are complementary to all the other domains of ecosystem accounting innovation. Secondly, we introduce four organizational and strategic directions to think and guide the development of new “services to ecosystems” business models. To complement them, we suggest new accounts and accounting practices to help environmental sector companies negotiate and co-create ecological value with other stakeholders, and transform their own representation and quantification of corporate value
Lafond, Valentine. "Sylviculture des forêts hétérogènes de montagne et compromis production-biodiversité : une approche simulation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV019/document.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal change and the evolution of the socio-economic context reinforce the expectations for multifunctional forest management. In France, the forest community agreed on the definition of the double objective of “improving timber production while preserving biodiversity better” (Grenelle 2007). This objective goes along with a will of maintaining the natural attributes favoring biodiversity on one hand, and of increasing management intensity on the other hand. The compatibility between both objectives is however controversial and it seem nowadays necessary to better understand their effects on ecosystem services, so as to enable the definition of multifunctional and sustainable forest management. The objective of this PhD thesis is to explore the effect of silviculture on stand structure, timber production and biodiversity preservation. This works involves two main hypotheses: (1) the fact that ecosystem services indicators present different responses to silvicultural drivers, thus leading to trade-offs situations; (2) the fact that management scenarios of intermediate intensity may enable satisfactory production-biodiversity trade-offs to be reached. This work addressed the case of uneven-aged spruce-fir mountain forests, which present a long tradition of uneven-aged management (selection system) and are judged favorable to the provision of several ecosystem services. We used a simulation approach coupling a forest dynamics simulation model (Samsara2), a silviculture algorithm, and ecosystem services models and indicators (for timber production and biodiversity). This however required a complete simulation experiment approach to be set up, with several steps: (i) formalization of control and response variables, (ii) model development and evaluation, (iii) experiment designs definition, (iv) sensitivity analysis, and (v) study of indicators' response to management. A complete analysis of the Samsara2 model enabled the consistency of simulated forest dynamics and the reliability of predictions to be checked. A silviculture algorithm has been developed to accurately model uneven-aged management. Two biodiversity models have been implemented from the literature: a dead wood decay model and an understory diversity model.A sensitivity analysis of the system first enabled us to assess the influence of input parameters (silviculture, demographic and initial state) on structure, timber production and biodiversity indicators, and then to identify and fix those with low influence. Then, a regression approach enabled the establishment of the response function (metamodels) of each indicator to the main silvicultural factors, in interaction with demography and initial state. This revealed the negative effect of increased management intensity on biodiversity indicators, although its effect depended on the indicator. Biodiversity conservation measures could however be used as compensation drivers in some cases, therefore enabling both objectives to be concealed. Trade-offs situations have also been detected between timber production and/or biodiversity conservation indicators, but their analysis now require specific multi-criteria analysis to be used.The combined analysis of ecosystem services response to silvicultural drivers and of management scenarios located on the trade-offs area would then supply the discussion with forest managers with new elements and enable management recommendations to be discussed at the stand or landscape scale
Bergh, Linnea, and Johanna Bergkvist. "Grönska som sköld mot klimatförändringar : En framställd grundläggande grönytefaktor-modell för att stärka städers resiliens." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165848.
Повний текст джерелаThis report aims to examine what a fundamental biotope area factor (BAF) should contain to support resilience in urban areas based on scientifical studies on resilience and ecosystem services. To be able to address this issue the qualitative methods content analysis and focus group have been used. The content analysis consists of three existing municipal BAF-models from Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. The result of the focus group is based on the experience and knowledge of five officials at the municipality of Norrköping planning office. This study’s empirical material is linked to the theoretical framework of resilience and is the foundation for the BAF-model in the report which is based on the three perspectives: social values, biodiversity and climatization. The factors that this report has found increase resilience in urban areas are: permeable areas, green ground areas, trees, new trees, preserved trees, shrubbery, green roofs and walls, ponds, water courses and diversity in greenery.
Garcia, Lara Gabrielle. "Composição e configuração da cobertura florestal na bacia hidrográfica e seus efeitos nos serviços hidrológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-13032019-151029/.
Повний текст джерелаWater resources recovery and maintenance are the main objectives of restoration cover forest programs and payment for ecosystem services. These programs are gaining force and incentives, especially in water crises regions. However, water resources recovery and maintenance are attributed in many cases to forest cover effects on hydrological processes and, consequently, on hydrological services. In this context, our aim in this study was to evaluate if forest cover restoration can result in increase or maintenance of hydrological services. Therefore, firstly it was necessary to calibrate and validate a distributed hydrological physical base model to simulate different land use at the catchment scale. The model parameterization was done on a monitored catchment (flow and precipitation) of agricultural characteristics (pasture and sugar cane). After calibrating and validating the model (R2 of 0.65 and 0.62, respectively), the land use scenarios were generated based on two landscape approaches: forest cover proportion and spatial configuration on catchment scale. The hydrological services used were water supply and protection; indicators for analysis were annual flow (Q), minimum flows (Q95), base flow index (BFI); maximum flows (Q5) and velocity index (IF). Q, Q95 e BFI correspond to water supply, the others are flood protection service. The first approach objective was tested forest cover proportion scenarios with a random increase in forest cover (CF) of 10%, starting with 0% CF reference scenario to 100% CF reference scenario (total of 11 simulated scenarios). The hypotheses tested were that (i) the random increase in forest cover decreases the hydrological service of water supply, and (ii) the random increase in forest cover increases the hydrological protection service. Both hypotheses were partially accepted. Since the results showed relative differences between the scenarios without statistical difference. There was a decrease in Q and Q95 indicators and an increase in Q5 values followed by an increase in forest cover. The statistical difference happened only for Q and Q5 indicators. For both hydrological services it is possible to perceive a threshold of 50% CF, from which the flow annual and the maximum index become statistically different from the 0% CF scenario. The second approach was the simulations of same forest cover proportion scenarios, however with changes in their spatial configuration. Four scenarios were simulated: CF in the lower land (LOW); CF in the middle land (MIDD); CF in the upper lands (UPP) of the river basin; and CF randomly distributed in the area (RAN). The hypotheses tested were (i) the forest cover spatial configuration has no influence on water supply hydrological service; and (ii) the forest cover spatial configuration in areas near the water bodies (lower land) has a positive impact on protection hydrological service. Our results allowed partially accepting the hypotheses, since there are relative differences in the water supply hydrological service after scenarios simulation, there was no statistically significant difference, the same occurring for the protection hydrological service. The results allow us to highlight a trade-off between hydrological services tested in this study, for example, the scenario with the greatest reduction in Q and Q95 values (LOW) also presented the greatest reductions in Q5. However, even with the decrease in water supply indicators, the LOW scenario was considered the closest to an optimum scenario to hydrological services. In view of this, we can be observed that forest cover can present hydrological services trade-off, being necessary to restoration and payment of environmental services programs to know dynamics to maximize the hydrological service of interest. It is important to emphasize that these results and analyses simulations were based on land use change scenarios (related to the evapotranspiration and surface runoff processes) and their unfolding, however, were not modified (e.g. infiltration and percolation). However, land use effects on the soil structure are still not proved a point, possibly these being key processes to forest cover restoration and hydrological services trade-off.
Viguier, Clément. "Dynamiques des prairies de montagne : intégration de la plasticité phénotypique dans un nouveau modèle à base d'agents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV057/document.
Повний текст джерелаMountain grasslands provide numerous ecosystem services that are likely to be impacted by global change. Plant functional traits hold great promise to succinctly characterise plant community response to changing environmental conditions and its effect on associated services; with growing evidence of the importance of intra-specific trait variability. I propose here a novel agent-based model, MountGrass, that combines the modelling of species rich grassland communities with phenotypic plasticity. These two key components are integrated via allocation trade-offs based on established empirical patterns of strategic differentiation in resource-use.With MountGrass, I explored the impact of phenotypic plasticity on individual plant growth and on main properties of grassland communities. At the individual level, the parametrised model revealed a strong impact of plasticity on growth and species’ fundamental niches, with potentially large impacts on community properties. These effects are explained by the convergence of species’ strategies and the reduction of the sensitivity to variable conditions. At the community level, simulations confirmed the strong effect of plastic allocation on community structure and species richness. These effects are driven by the cumulative effect of a reduction of both abiotic filtering and fitness differences between species. However, no clear effect on the dominant strategy or productivity could be detected.Going further, the robustness of these findings and other patterns of community dynamics should be analysed with alternative or extended implementations of MountGrass. In sum, this work opens a door towards a better integration and understanding of the role of the intra-specific variability in complex plant community dynamics
Rudi, Gabrielle. "Modélisation et analyse de services éco-hydrauliques des réseaux de canaux et fossés des agrosystèmes méditerranéens." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSAM0007.
Повний текст джерелаAgroecological infrastructures are semi-natural landscape elements providing ecosystem services and disservices. In Mediterranean agrosystems, ditches and irrigation channels provide eco-hydraulic services relying on interactions between vegetation and water, sediments and plant propagules (seeds) transport. Management operations aiming at restoring the hydraulic capacity of these infrastructures are likely to modify the expression of these services. However, the interactions between practices, vegetation cover traits and ecosystem services provided by these infrastructures are still poorly characterized. The objective of this work was to understand in which extent ditch and channel management regimes, in terms of typology, but also in terms of temporality and location, influence eco-hydraulic services provided by vegetation.The approach relies on the development of a model proposing an explicit representation of the hydraulic network which functioning is simulated for reference events on the considered time horizon. The model is based on semi-empirical formalisms taking into account the effect of plant traits on transport processes, and especially their dynamical effect on hydraulic resistance. It was parameterized based on field experiments made in two Mediterranean agricultural study areas. These experiments aimed at : (i) characterizing the influence ofdifferent geomorphological factors and management regimes in the spatial distribution of ditch plant communities and their traits (ii) identifying the factors implied in the transport and deposition of propagules during an hydraulic event.The experimental results show that management regimes influence the dynamics of the vegetation cover at short-term, but that the spatial distribution of species (and therefore traits of the vegetation cover) is largely associated with geomorphological factors. They helped to improve our understanding of major key-processes of agricultural channel networks, especially propagules dispersal, and to propose a methodology for the relocation of the propagules in intermittent waterways. The spatialized model, integrating the main experimental results atthe catchment scale, enabled a ranking of the impact of practices regarding the bundle of services provided by agricultural ditches’ vegetation. Mowing provides the best trade-off between services in the short and medium term, although it is temporarily unfavourable for sediments and seeds retention, aswell as for bank stabilization, at the beginning of autumn. The developed semi-empirical approach gives the opportunity to question the level of description of processes and required indicators for services evaluation in complex ecosystems
Selmi, Wissal. "Services écosystémiques rendus par la végétation urbaine : application d'approches d'évaluation à la ville de Strasbourg." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work provides two assessment tools based on both ecocentric and anthropogenic approaches. We argued that these approaches are complementary and they lead not only to understand ecological functions of urban green spaces but also to quantify ecosystem services provided to society. Based on bottom up approach, two urban habitats were assessed : lawns and urban forest. Due to the lack of knowledge about ecological functions of urban lawns, it was required to implement a monitoring protocol that helps to provide a baseline and measure the changes of flora composition and structure across urban green spaces. Although monitoring protocol had some limitations, it intended to highlight the response of lawn flora to environmental patterns and to particular human activities such as management techniques and trampling. Urban forest was assessed by quantifying it structure and some ecosystem services and desservices using i-Tree model Eco. Based on biophysical indicators, the model quantify the total carbon stored and the annually carbon sequestered, the annually amount of pollution removal, and the annually amount of biogenic emissions by trees. Although some uncertainty remains about the application of this model, it was shown that urban trees improve local air quality. However, to alleviate air pollution within urban area, planting and managing trees should be associated with an integrative planning strategy that takes into account other factors. Our study also incorporates operational items, so we have tried to provide some guidance to planners and green spaces managers with reference to our assessment results
Kirkpatrick, Emma. "Modeling the Suitability of Landscapes for Managed Honeybees - A Case Study in the Northern Great Plains." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1437147684.
Повний текст джерелаSalliou, Nicolas. "La gestion paysagère des ravageurs : exploration des verrous et leviers d'une innovation agroécologique par la modélisation participative." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0040/document.
Повний текст джерелаAgroecology requires the design of farming system integrating as much as possible ecosystem services. Biological control by natural enemies may substitute commonly used pesticides. Ecology findings demonstrate that farming landscapes with a high proportion of natural habitats (woods, forests meadows, etc) favor natural enemies by providing them shelter, nesting sites and food. Landscape Pest Control (LPC), i.e. the design of farming landscapes in favor of these habitats, may be implemented to foster natural enemies and biological pest control. However, how stakeholders may design such landscapes remains unexplored. In this PhD, we followed an action-research approach and explored the design of such pest regulating landscapes together with local and scientific stakeholders. We initiated a participatory approach with agricultural stakeholders in a part of the Tarn-et-Garonne region specialized in fruit production. Our research seeks to identify the factors in favor of a LPC according to stakeholders’ representations and knowledge. In particular, we qualified the conditions under which natural enemies and the landscape are socially constructed resources providing ecosystem services. We also seek to identify if these stakeholders were linked through dependencies which may necessitate a coordinated management of the landscape. We explored the possibility of a LPC through several cycle of participatory modelling. This PhD successively established mental models of local stakeholders about their pest control strategies, co-constructed participatory Bayesian models in order to explore uncertainties surrounding LPC, and finally we co-constructed an agent-based model about the population dynamic of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii and its potential landscape management. Our results show that, according to scientific and local stakeholder’s actual representations, the composition of the landscape in natural habitats is weakly related with pest regulation ecosystem services, even though the landscape is related with higher functional biodiversity. Nowadays, as stakeholders see little benefit, they don’t consider to be dependent to benefit from an enhanced biological control through a LPC strategy. Farmers rather mention their preference towards individual solutions such as pesticides or exclusion nets surrounding their orchards. This individual focus suggests that designing innovation favorable to natural enemies might be more relevant within farms, like focusing on the vegetation between rows of fruit trees. Besides, these results show the need for scientific studies relating economics and ecology to explicitly measure the benefits farmers could obtain from a landscape favorable to natural enemies. Positive results of such study would enhance further participatory research around LPC strategies. Finally, this participatory and exploratory research identified new sites for investigation and raised questions about the LPC which could be further looked into
Moulin, Thibault. "Modélisation mathématique de la dynamique des communautés herbacées des écosystèmes prairiaux." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD075/document.
Повний текст джерелаDynamic modelling of ecological systems is an essential method to understand, predict and control thedynamics of semi-natural ecosystems, which involves complex processes. The main objective of this PhDthesis is to develop a simulation model of the medium- and long-term dynamics of the herbaceous vegetationin permanent grasslands, taking into account both biodiversity and productivity. Grasslandecosystems are often hot spots of biodiversity, which contributes to the temporal stability of their services.On an agricultural perspective, this important biodiversity contributes to the forage quality, andbesides, it induces a higher ability of the vegetation cover to resist to different climatic scenarios (globalwarming, heat and drought waves).However, this key aspect of biodiversity is only poorly included in grassland models : often absent ofmodelling or included in a very simple form. Building on those considerations, this PhD work exposes thewriting of a process-based succession model, described by a system of Ordinary Differential Equationsthat simulates the aboveground vegetation dynamics of a temperate grassland. This model implementedthe main ecological factors involved in growth and competition processes of herbaceous species, and couldbe adjust to any level of diversity, by varying the number and the identity of species in the initial plantcommunity. This formalism of mechanistic models allows us to analyse relationships that link diversity,productivity and stability, in response to different climatic conditions and agricultural management.In mathematical grassland models, plant communities may be represented by a various number of statevariables, describing biomass compartments of some dominant species or plant functional types. The sizeof the initial species pool could have consequences on the outcome of the simulated ecosystem dynamicsin terms of grassland productivity, diversity, and stability. This choice could also influence the modelsensitivity to forcing parameters. To address these issues, we developed a method, based on sensitivityanalysis tools, to compare behaviour of alternative versions of the model that only differ by the identityand number of state variables describing the green biomass, here plant species. This method shows aninnovative aspect, by performing this model sensitivity analysis by using multivariate regression trees. Weassessed and compared the sensitivity of each instance of the model to key forcing parameters for climate,soil fertility, and defoliation disturbances. We established that the sensitivity to forcing parameters ofcommunity structure and species evenness differed markedly among alternative models, according tothe diversity level. We show a progressive shift from high importance of soil fertility (fertilisation level,mineralization rate) to high importance of defoliation (mowing frequency, grazing intensity) as the sizeof the species pool increased.These results highlight the need to take into account the role of species diversity to explain the behaviourof grassland models. Besides, to properly take into account those interactions in the grassland cover, theconsidered species pool size considered in the model needs to be high enough. Finally, we compare modelsimulations of the aboveground vegetation to measures from two experimental sites, the mowing grasslandof Oensingen, and the grazing grassland of Laqueuille. Results of these comparison are promising andhighlight the relevance of the choice and the representation of the different ecological processes includedin this mechanistic model.Thus, this PhD work offers a model, perfectly fitting with current needs on grassland modelling, whichcontribute to a better understanding of the herbaceous vegetation dynamics and interactions betweenproductivity, diversity and stability
Radoszycki, Julia. "Résolution de processus décisionnels de Markov à espace d'état et d'action factorisés - Application en agroécologie." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0022/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis focuses on the resolution of problems of sequential decision makingunder uncertainty, modelled as Markov decision processes (MDP) whose state and actionspaces are both of high dimension. Resolution of these problems with a good compromisebetween quality of approximation and scaling is still a challenge. Algorithms for solvingthis type of problems are rare when the dimension of both spaces exceed 30, and imposecertain limits on the nature of the problems that can be represented.We proposed a new framework, called F3MDP, as well as associated approximateresolution algorithms. A F3MDP is a Markov decision process with factored state andaction spaces (FA-FMDP) whose solution policies are constrained to be in a certainfactored form, and can be stochastic. The algorithms we proposed belong to the familyof approximate policy iteration algorithms and make use of continuous optimisationtechniques, and inference methods for graphical models.These policy iteration algorithms have been validated on a large number of numericalexperiments. For small F3MDPs, for which the optimal global policy is available, theyprovide policy solutions that are close to the optimal global policy. For larger problemsfrom the graph-based Markov decision processes (GMDP) subclass, they are competitivewith state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of quality. We also show that our algorithmsallow to deal with F3MDPs of very large size outside the GMDP subclass, on toy problemsinspired by real problems in agronomy or ecology. The state and action spaces arethen both of dimension 100, and of size 2100. In this case, we compare the quality of thereturned policies with the one of expert policies. In the second part of the thesis, we applied the framework and the proposed algorithms to determine ecosystem services management strategies in an agricultural landscape.Weed species, ie wild plants of agricultural environments, have antagonistic functions,being at the same time in competition with the crop for resources and keystonespecies in trophic networks of agroecosystems. We seek to explore which organizationsof the landscape (here composed of oilseed rape, wheat and pasture) in space and timeallow to provide at the same time production services (production of cereals, fodder andhoney), regulation services (regulation of weed populations and wild pollinators) andcultural services (conservation of weed species and wild pollinators). We developed amodel for weeds and pollinators dynamics and for reward functions modelling differentobjectives (production, conservation of biodiversity or trade-off between services). Thestate space of this F3MDP is of size 32100, and the action space of size 3100, which meansthis F3MDP has substantial size. By solving this F3MDP, we identified various landscapeorganizations that allow to provide different sets of ecosystem services which differ inthe magnitude of each of the three classes of ecosystem services
Bellot, Benoit. "Améliorer les connaissances sur les processus écologiques régissant les dynamiques de populations d'auxiliaires de culture : modélisation couplant paysages et populations pour l'aide à l'échantillonnage biologique dans l'espace et le temps." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B008/document.
Повний текст джерелаA promising alternative to the chemical control of pests consists in favoring their natural enemies populations by managing the agricultural landscape structure. Identifying favorable spatio-temporal structures can be performed through the exploration of landscape scenarios using coupled models of landscapes and population dynamics. In this approach, population dynamics are simulated on virtual landscapes with controlled properties, and the observation of population patterns allows for the identification of favorable structures. Population modeling however relies on a good knowledge about the ecological processes and their variability within the landscape elements. Current state of knowledge about the ecological mechanisms underlying natural enemies’ of the carabid family population dynamics remains a major obstacle to in silico investigation of favorable landscape scenarios. Literature about the relationship between carabid population and landscape properties allows the formulation of competing hypotheses about these processes. Reducing the number of these hypotheses by analyzing the convergence between their associated population patterns and investigating the stability of their convergence along a landscape gradient appears to be a necessary tep towards a better knowledge about ecological processes. In a first step, we propose a heuristic method based on the simulation of reaction-diffusion models carrying these competing hypotheses. Comparing the population patterns allowed to set a model typology according to their response to the landscape variable, through a classification algorithm, thus reducing the initial number of competing hypotheses. The selection of the most likely hypothesis from this irreducible set must rely on the observation of population patterns on the field. This implies that population patterns are described with spatial and temporal resolutions that are fine enough to select a unique hypothesis among the ones in competition. In the second part, we propose a heuristic method that allows determining a priori sampling strategies that maximize the robustness of ecological hypotheses selection. The simulation of reaction-diffusion models carrying the ecological hypotheses allows to generate virtual population data in space and time. These data are then sampled using strategies differing in the total effort, number of sampling locations, dates and landscape replicates. Population patterns are described from these samples. The sampling strategies are assessed through a classification algorithm that classifies the models according to the associated patterns. The analysis of classification performances, i.e. the ability of the algorithm to discriminate the ecological processes, allows the selection of optimal sampling designs. We also show that the way the sampling effort is distributed between its spatial and temporal components is strongly impacting the ecological processes inference. Reducing the number of competing ecological hypotheses, along with the selection of sampling strategies for optimal model inference both meet a strong need in the process of knowledge improvement about the ecological processes for the exploration of landscape scenarios favoring ecosystem services. In the last chapter, we discuss the implications and future prospects of our work
Amiel, Pierre Guillaume. "Developing an intervention model for payment for ecosystem services." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123453.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Hsin-Pei, and 陳欣沛. "Creating Ecosystem Services Impact Assessment Models for Land Use." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3jpr58.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
105
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used approach to assess the environmental impacts of a product or service at each step of its life cycle. Since land use can cause impacts on many aspects such as the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, it is important to assess land use impacts on these perspectiveS. However, land use impacts assessment in the current LCA only considered the loss of biodiversity. Ecosystem provide a wide range of crucial functions to human society. For example, food production, climate regulation and soil quality are essential ecosystem services. DeFries et al. (2004) indicated that land use impacts would cause negative influence on these ecosystem services. In order to provide a more comprehensive evaluating results from LCA, this study established a characterization model to assess land use impacts for ecosystem services to enhance Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method. LCA studies of the contaminated sites remediation have increasingly addressed that land use impacts should be included. Therefore, this study adopted two contaminated sites as case studies to evaluate the potential environmental impacts from remediation. By using the revised LCIA method which integrating evaluation of land use impacts from ecosystem services, the more completely environmental impacts resulted from the remediation of contaminated sites can be achieved. The valuation results acquired in this study can be regarded as a supporting information to help decision makers in selecting environmental friendly remediation scenarios. Except for the estimation of remediation alternatives, the value of ecosystem services can be expressed in monetary units. This is a directly and clearly way for people to realize the contribution of ecosystem services. Quantifying the loss of economic value from ecosystem services by land use impacts can assist in improving human well-being, health and survival.
Syrlybayeva, Lyazzat. "Integration of water ecosystem services provision objectives into forest management planning models." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15836.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, an integration of water production values for forest ecosystems into forest management planning models has become increasingly important in sustainable forest management. The reason is that both for surface and groundwater resources quantity and quality – forests play a vital role. The main objective of this work is to produce an analysis of forest management planning methods that have been implemented the most frequently for assessing an optimal integrated forest and water management for forested catchments. The research was developed within the framework of Alternative Models and Robust Decision-Making for Future Forest Management (ALTERFOR) Project; being developed to assess Decision Support System (DSS) tools that support sustainable forest management by means of including a variety of ecosystem services. For that purpose, we use a taxonomy of water related ecosystem services based on the classification scheme estimated based on the findings of the project. The taxonomy is used to develop a query of relevant references from 2754 journals, encompassing 46 scientific categories, stored in the ISI Web of Science database over the last 30 years. Query results were analyzed, and decision-making methods were classified and assessed according to their supporting role to forest managers in addressing specific ecosystem services. As forest managers are often confronted with conflicting preferences by owners and stakeholders regarding ecosystem services target levels, the query will further address the potential of decision-making methods to facilitate negotiation and consensus building
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Porfirio, Luciana Laura. "Spatial models for the quantification of ecosystem services across the Australian capital region." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155974.
Повний текст джерелаSundine, Joshua. "Ecosystem services urban design framework: an adaptive vision for the Dallas Air Naval Station." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38886.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Landscape Architecture and Regional & Community Planning
Jessica Canfield
Located eight miles from the heart of Dallas, The Dallas Air Naval Station is a 1045-acre decommissioned airfield site. Since its closure in 1998, it has predominantly sat idle, bringing little value to adjacent neighborhoods and the greater community. Due to prolonged site remediation and no formal redevelopment plan, the site’s full potential has yet to come to fruition. Current urban design models tend to primarily focus on achieving a singular, end-result. However, as cities and the environment become more complex and unpredictable, these types of models often lack the ability to respond to change. Adaptive design, on the other hand, allows for more exploration of innovative practices, tools, techniques and methods that are informed by ecological knowledge and research design. As means of illustrating how adaptive design can catalyze and benefit brownfield sites, this project proposes an urban design framework informed by ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are an essential component to human well-being and environmental health, and when used as a guiding principle in site design, can add resiliency and beneficial outcomes to a site. To inform the development of the Ecosystem Services Urban Design Framework, this project uses literature, a site analysis, an applicable ecosystem services analysis, and precedent analyses. The framework is then applied to an urban brownfield site, the Dallas Air Naval Station, to show its applicability for short-term and long-term adaptive design scenarios. Dallas’ current issues and needs are addressed by the short-term plan, whereas informed projections of future issues inform the long-term design scenarios. Collectively, this project illustrates the imperative for incorporating adaptability into urban design, and for the value of using ecosystems services as underlying foundation.
Hawtree, Daniel Robert. "A Multi-Scale Assessment of Land-Use Impacts on Hydrologic Ecosystem Services in the Vouga Basin, North-Central Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36788.
Повний текст джерелаGetchell, Julia Michelle. "Ecosystem services and Peter Calthorpe’s model of transit-oriented development : prospects and challenges for city planning." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/20005.
Повний текст джерелаtext
"Two Essays on the Trade-Offs Between Multiple Policy Objectives of Environmental Management Efforts." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15118.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
M.S. Biology 2012
CHANG, JUNG-CHEN, and 章容甄. "The Study on the Ecosystem Services of Urban Green Resource of Taipei City─Application of Sensitivity Model." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51820551391283320814.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
91
Urban green resources symbolize modern city civilization. Meanwhile, it also provides various ecological services such as ecological preservation, scenic beauty, hazard mitigation, recreation and so on. However, traditional methods of ecological research mostly focus on the viewpoint of environment economic. Alternatively, this study evaluate the ecological service of urban green resource by means of Sensitivity Model(SM), which adapts both semi-quantitative and systematic concepts to conform diversity and dynamic character with environment issues. This semi-qualitative reasoning tool observes the system basic structure and dynamic tendency, and improves the understanding of environment. This study applies group discussion to proceeds “recognition” on urban system and employs system simulation procedure to observe how green resource work upon other system elements. Previous studies indicate that is in lack of quantifiable rule to transform group discussion into simulation data. To solve the problem, the study applies Delphi technique with two-round questionary. After the simulation procedure, it is observed that the urban green resources are significantly affected by system changes and linked to the consequence of ecological function elaboration. Therefore, to keep the efficiency and stable ecological service of green resource become inevitable. Only by doing so we can alleviate urban pollution and improve residential health.
Ratz, Armin. "A generic forest fire model : spatial patterns in forest fire ecosystems /." 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007431274&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерелаPalmer, Michael. "Ottawa's urban forest : a geospatial approach to data collection for the UFORE/i-Tree eco ecosystem services valuation model." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/586.
Повний текст джерелаMarques, Susana Isabel Nogueira Diogo Martins. "Soil erosion changes in Portugal between 1990 and 2018." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/103900.
Повний текст джерелаSoils provide important regulating ecosystem services and have crucial implications for human well-being and environmental conservation. However, soil degradation and particularly soil erosion jeopardize the maintenance and existence of these services. This study explores the spatio-temporal relationships of soil erosion to understand the distribution patterns of sediment retention services in mainland Portugal. Based on Corine Land Cover maps from 1990 to 2018, the InVEST Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model was used to evaluate the influence of sediment dynamics for soil and water conservation. Spatial differences in the sediment retention levels were observed within the NUTS III boundaries, showing which areas are more vulnerable to soil erosion processes. Results indicated that the Region of Leiria, Douro and the coastal regions have decreased importantly sediment retention capacity over the years. However, in most of the territory (77.52%) changes in sediment retention were little or not important (i.e. less than 5%). The statistical validation of the model proved the consistency of the results, highlighting the usefulness of this methodology to analyse the state of soil erosion in the country. These findings can be relevant to support strategies for more efficient land use planning regarding soil erosion mitigation practices.
Os solos fornecem serviços de ecossistemas reguladores e têm implicações cruciais para o bem-estar humano e conservação do ambiente. No entanto, a degradação dos solos, particularmente a erosão do solo, coloca em risco a manutenção e a existência destes serviços. Este estudo pretende analisar a distribuição espaciotemporal da erosão do solo, compreendendo os padrões espaciais da retenção de sedimentos em Portugal continental. Suportado pela utilização dos mapas Corine Land Cover de 1990 a 2018, o modelo Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) do InVEST foi utilizado para avaliar a influencia das dinâmicas dos sedimentos para a conservação dos solos e água. Variações espaciais dos níveis de retenção de sedimentos dentro dos limites dos NUTS III foram observados, mostrando quais as áreas mais suscetíveis aos processos de erosão do solo. Os resultados indicam ainda, que na Região de Leiria, Douro e nas regiões costeiras a capacidade de retenção de sedimentos decresceu significativamente no decorrer dos anos. No entanto, na maioria do território (77,52%) as mudanças em retenção de sedimentos foram pouco ou nada importantes (isto é, menos de 5%). A validação estatística do modelo comprova a consistência dos resultados, destacando a utilidade desta metodologia para a análise do estado da erosão do solo no país. Estas descobertas podem ser relevantes para apoiar estratégias para um ordenamento de território mais eficiente, relativamente às práticas de mitigação da erosão do solo.
Nyamari, Nicodemus Ontweka. "Impact of land cover changes on carbon stock trends in Kenya using free open data." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/63945.
Повний текст джерелаTerrestrial carbon stock estimates information has signi cant importance in planning decisions for amicable mitigation of global warming and climate change related disasters. However, conventional estimation methods are usually expensive and time demanding particularly on national or regional scales. Therefore, this study sought to estimate and analyze carbon stock changes in Kenya as a consequence of land cover change (LCC) using open data and software to provide a ordable and timely solutions. Using Random Forest (RF) decision trees, the land cover for 2028 was modelled from 2004 and 2016 land cover under Business as Usual (BAU) and an alternative, Reducing of Emissions from Forest Degradation and Deforestation (REDD+) scenarios. The modelled land cover maps were thereafter input in InVEST carbon model for estimation and valuation of carbon stock between 2004 and 2028. The results show a 16% decline in carbon stock between 2004 and 2028 with a likelihood of losing up to 21 billion US$ under BAU scenario at a national level. On a regional scale, the results revealed a gradual decline in carbon stock in the Coastal and Central regions of the study area while other regions exhibited mixed results. However, the trend can be reversed by implementation of REDD+ scenario with a possible increase of 1.6% between 2016 and 2028, translating to a gain of approximately 1 billion US$. This study contributes to the understanding of spatiotemporal carbon stock changes under di erent scenarios for e ective spatial planning, land use policy development and keeping balances during natural resource utilization.
Mannaf, Maksuda. "Examining the spatial influences of natural capital in the Australian agricultural landscape." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/132861.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Centre for Global Food and Resources, 2021
Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.
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