Дисертації з теми "Économie circulaire – Aspect économique"
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Cathelat, Sandrine. "Contribution à la transformation de culture et mindset managériaux vers une économie écologiquement soutenable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0015.
The ecological crisis, for which public warnings have been accumulating for more than 50 years, has become the major global problem of the 21st century and a major game changer for all players in the economy. This critique of the "Anthropocene" is leading us to question this linear productivist economic model, with a view to moving it towards greater ecological sustainability or changing it altogether. The delays and shortcomings of the climate roadmap defined by the Paris Agreement in 2015 show that rhetoric is failing to be transformed into new economic practices. This new "Sustainable Economy" will not become a reality, not quickly enough and not on a sufficient scale, without the mobilization of companies and economic players, particularly managers at all levels, whose job it is to turn strategic intentions into practical reality. This objective implies a change of mindset in management in order to assume a new responsible role as "sustainability transformers & makers"
Curien, Rémi. "Services essentiels en réseaux et fabrique urbaine en Chine : la quête d’une environnementalisation dans le cadre d’un développement accéléré : enquêtes à Shanghai, Suzhou et Tianjin." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1191.
Environmentalising the country's development without significantly changing the pace of economic and urban growth: such is the difficult challenge set since 2006 by the Chinese authorities to deal with the increasing pressure bearing on natural environment and major environmental damage caused by accelerated development. China is probably the only country in the world where a goal of energy and environmental sobriety in the provision of urban utilities (water, waste-water, electricity, gas, heating, waste management) is so vigorously sought in circular economy policies, more specifically in eco-industrial parks and eco-cities projects, in the context of a strong and extended economic and urban development. Based on an investigation conducted in Shanghai, Suzhou and Tianjin, three cities at the forefront of transformations in China, and combined with a study of the national framework and the overall situation in the country, the thesis aims to analyze the substance and the forms of the urban utilities' environmentlisation implemented in China. Our research shows that the ambitious Chinese policies of urban utilities' environmentalisation leads in the cities to a partial improvement in the environmental quality of their provision, while the horizon of sobriety and circular economy remains distant. The prevalence of the developmentalist urban fabric stands structurally in the way of the emergence of resources reuse-oriented alternative technical systems to conventional networks. The urban utilities' environmentalisation path taken in the Chinese cities is too technocentric and too exogenous to urban planning for the environmentalisation and especially the quest for sobriety to be more substantial. Operationally, these findings encourage a greater integration of utilities' provision issues in the planning and development of cities, both in China and beyond the Chinese context
Bousquet, Madeleine. "Économie et bénévolat." Nancy 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN20006.
Two approaches are used in this research on the economic significance of volunteer work. First, conceptual tools are identified in different branches of economic theory which, applied to volunteer labor, provide rationale for this type of labor and means of evaluating it. Two directions are explored: - the value of time and the notion of opportunity costs, - the theory of collective action. Considering ethic requirements, these approaches are neutral or dedicated to the economic paradigm of self-interested man. This is not wholly satisfactory when speaking of volunteering. Other approaches have to be considered, such as the integration of altruism in the utility function. In the second part, using theoretical notions identified in the first part of the study, and American and French data on volunteer labor, an economic analysis of the offer and demand of volunteer labor is worked out. Opportunity costs show to be important in the decision of volunteering. The role of personal benefits derived from volunteering cannot be defined as precisely. Personal benefits do not provide sufficient rationale for volunteering. For that purpose, another benefit of volunteer labor must be taken into account and that is the provision of public goods. In that provision, volunteer work comes as complement of the public provision of this type of goods. Public policy towards the non profit sector is of utmost importance in determining the importance of the volunteer provision of public goods
Sellen, Charles. "Philanthropie et économie : essais autour de la générosité." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0051.
Pacreau-Hervouette, Fanny. "La déchetterie, espace de concurrence entre recyclage et récupération. Approche ethnopragmatique du rapport des hommes aux déchets." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22135/document.
At the time of recycling and sorting , waste sorting , tools implementation , are invested by many actors in search of items to collect . This research, requested by a local authority whereas optimized waste management involves consideration of human factors, is in the field of social demand. The anthropological exploration of the universe of waste can complete the technical and scientific older analyzes . This work reflects the need to understand the process by ethnopragmatique discourse practices established for disposal and those that are spontaneously grafted informal practices . Addressing issues of legitimacy and ontological that prevailed in the competition practice dedicated to the same goal , that of giving a second life to waste , this research is based on a careful examination of the ordinary and dumped on a study of written or spoken language stakeholders. It also focuses on the meaning given in the ordinary players, but in a broader context of environmental crisis and critique of consumer society, the act of throwing and than rehabilitate . She experimented both in the investigation in the way of realizing it, the bringing together experiences of differentiated land survey . It proposes a formal definition abyss frames and thought circumscribed by the initial field survey. It extends the knowledge on individual behavior , games players in connection with the waste. It refines the understanding of public and private organizations, their strategies, decision-making, the ability to change in waste policy
Petit, Richard. "L'économie écologique, une économie politique alternative ?" Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12007.
This essay is devoted to a new school of thought in economics, ecological economics, whose authors (georgescu-roegen, daly, costanza,) are mainly american (but also french like rene passet) and it examines this new stream of thought to decide whether it can challenge the standard school and become an alternative political economy. For this purpose this essay tries to show the relations supposed to exist between the framework used by every thought in economics to represent man and nature and the analytical conclusions draw from it. The essay wants to show that ecological economics substitutes to the usual framework of standard economics a vision of man and nature inspired by scientific ecology and by radically different epistemological presuppositions. Therefore this school of thought is an implicit citicism of modernity, particularly of the break between man and nature. From these methodological principles propositions of economic policy are drawn, summed up under the title "suatainable development". This very concept leads to ethical ideas and ecological economics ask the normatif question in economics. The essay concludes that on one hand, ecological economics is rather radical and can be seen as an alternative political economy, but on another hand, it does not consider the political question and this constitutes the main weakness of this new school of thought. Its future depends on its capability to deal with this question
Dondeyne, Christèle. "D'une économie de la fabrication à une économie des usages dans la restauration collective." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX2A006.
Harnay, Sophie. "Économie positive de la justice administrative." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010031.
The purpose of this work is to provide an economic analysis of the French administrative judiciary, using the public choice theory. Unlike other legal systems, the french one features several types of judges, among them the juge administratif ; in charge of judging administrative conflicts. The closer integration of bureaucratic models and principal agent models does not provide any satisfactory explanation for this situation. The study of informational asymmetries between judges and political decision makers has to be completed with the analysis of the independence of the judiciary. The existing groups of judges compete with each other in order to get production rights from the political decision makers. The rent seeking theory allows us to explain the french duality of justice producers and the increasing activity of the juge administratif. The french legal system is no longer an exception but a particular equilibrium of a more general model describing any existing legal system. In such a context rent seeking behaviors are likely to increase social welfare. The influence of litigants on judicial decisions has to be considered as the result of the activities of particular interest groups. On the one hand, the judicial production of rules is a byproduct of the judges' activity of resolution of conflicts. Litigants are interested in the production of judicial decisions only in the context of a repeated game. On the other hand, the stability of this kind of rules is a consequence of the utility the jude administratif ; derives from reputation. The judicial production of favorable decisions to citizens, at the expense of bureaucracy, is analyzed by successively using the efficiency of law theory and the general interest and norms hierarchy concepts
Ouazad, Amine. "Inégalités et discriminations : essais en économie de l'éducation et économie urbaine." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0114.
This dissertation addresses three issues in England and the United States. Firstly, I identify the sources of educational inequalities in England using panel data models and a comprehensive database. Secondly, I identify biases in teacher perceptions of students' skills with respect to race and gender. Finally, I describe the strategies of blockbusting in the 1950s in the US
Brécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Do environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Avvisati, Francesco. "Essais en économie de l'éducation." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0122.
This thesis consists of four stand-alone essays in 'the field of the economics of education. The first part comprises three chapters which analyse the interactions of parents and schools. The central questions here are: Why do parents become involved in their children's school-education? Can and should schools increase the levels of involvement by parents? Who benefits, and to what extent, from parental involvement programmes? To answer these policy-relevant questions empirically, l draw on a Iiterature review and on results from two randomized control trials which l helped design and run. These experiments prove that schools are able to increase parents' awareness and that parental inputs have strong effects on pupil behavior. Result also show the existence of important positive spillover effects beyond the targeted populations. Part II explores how employers perceive the education a qualifications of their workers. According to human capital theories, the output of education is a productive asset, a bundle of knowledge and skills to which economists refer as "human capital". In contrast, screening theories of education view information about the quality of workers (about their skills, knowledge, and attitudes) as the primary product of educational services. In this part, l show that employers' information about employees' educational. Qualifications is highly noisy. This suggests that the information contained in educational certificates is often of limited interest to employers
Hwang, Flater Dag. "Analyse économique et démographique de la production communale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0001.
The theoretical and historical foundations of local public government indicate that the municipalities have important economic functions. The modern municipality (the case of Norway) seems to have a rather limited autonomy in relation to the Sstate, but the municipal autonomy is rather significant in relation to the individuals. The local public goods are normally similar to private goods, but, paradoxically, economies of scale in the consumption are not necessarily insignificant. Incorporating simultaneously scale effects in the production and scale effects in the consumption, one note that economies of scale in the production will never compensate totally diseconomies of scale in the consumption. Also, the population size which minimizes the taxation rate, if it exists, is superior to the population size that minimizes the average cost
Sultan, Thaer. "L' économie du tourisme et ses impacts : étude sur deux exemples : la France et la Syrie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32014.
Syria possesses a rich historic, cultural and natural inheritance. But this capital remains still uncultivated because is missing a clear and an active strategy allowing to develop this sector. The central question which arises: why, with all the advantages which Syria possesses, tourism remains incapable to take its place in the Syrian economy?And which strategy is it necessary to apply in Syria to throw tourist development? We analyze French tourist economy, French model of tourism, applied tourist strategies, way of resolving problems to attract the recommendations and the lessons of this experience which we can adjust to the Syrian case. We present at first a review in the tourist literature, the offer, the demand, the weight economic of the tourism and its impacts
Ouyahia, Emmanuel. "Macrodynamique et pollution internationale en économie ouverte." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0007.
Sustainable development incorporates an international dimension particularly through physical links between ecological-systems (eg. Acid rains and greenhouse effect) and economic links between countries (eg. International trade and finance). From this point of view, as we show it in the firts chapter of our thesis, economic literature has focused mainly on some of these issues without handling all of them simultanously. In order to filling this gap, in the second chapter, we have extended the neoclassical models of growth to the case of international pollution and trade. In the third chapter we have extended the harrod-domar's growth model to the case of international pollution in open economy. In the last chapter, owing to the samuelson's correspondance principle between comparative statics and dynamics, we have introduced international pollution in a dynamic model of mundell-fleming type
Van, Binh Tran. "Introduction des systèmes experts en économie de l'énergie." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21011.
This dissertation shows some results obtained from an exploration study about possible applications of the expert systems technique in the energy economics field. The objective consists not in realizing completely operational expert system, but in designing "tracks" which lead to identify the problems which are resolvable by this technique, and to describe the general structure and the main elements for each system. To illustrate the faisability of the propositions, we have incorporated in each part some bases of rules or models based on knowledge ; for propose of principal demonstration, we have developed a very detailed prototype aiding to the construction, validation and expliotation of the global energy balance sheet
Thépaut, Yves. "Information et pouvoir : essai d'analyse économique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010027.
This work has a double objective : to stress the crucial role of information in developed economies, through the economic analysis of causes and implications of informational mutation ; to investigate in a critical way how the economic theory takes account of information regarded as economic good and as power. The notion of "informational power" is introduced and measured by informational rent which results from informational asymmetry. One tries to explain the contemporary informational mutation by a "technical and scientific revolution". An interpretation of the current mutation, in terms of complexity, completes the previous explanations. Information appears to be an economic good and power at the same time. As a privative economic good, one argues that information represents an autonomous factor of production. Information also has characteristics which make it a collective paradoxal good. One fundamental paradox relies on the uncertain value of information. One can distinguish between two polar forms of informational power : the elementary informational power which involves direct power relationships between two agents or two economic units, and the informational power within the structure, called "informational dominance"
Bourdon, Jean. "L'efficacité externe de l'éducation : l'approche de la macro-économie-appliquée." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE001.
The main aim is based in the introduction of human capital in the new approaches in economic growth theories. This thesis shows that education factor could now be easily introduced in macroeconomic side approaches, but the hardest problem is in relation with statistical definitions. Four different levels in application are undergone : - an historical analysis on the French case (1850-1990) ; - a comparison on 20 countries distributed on the scale of economic development ; - an applied macro econometric modelling for the republic of Ecuador ; - an approach of jobs entries in the case of building and public works sector in the French case
Rekik, Mongi. "Essai sur la pensée économique arabo-islamique du VIIème au XVème siècle." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100052.
Observing in different manuals and various other sources of information which retrace the history of the economical thought a total deficiency regarding the thought produce during the Arab-Islamic civilization, leads us to questioning about the existence of the economical concept in the Arab-Islamic world between the 7th and the 15th centuries. This analysis is divided into four chapters. The first, an introduction chapter, treats of the politico economic situation at that era. The second part, treats of the economic thought in the Islamic legislation. This chapter refers basically to to Qoran and the Sunna. The third chapter recalls the economic thought given by several Arab-Islamic authors. This part is subdivided into three lines. 1 - Ethical, with its main source the papers of Saybani and Abou Al Hassan Abdejjabar. 2 - Practical, tracing the thoughts of Dimasqi, Ibn al Muqaffa'a and the papers of Hisba. 3 - anthropologic, which considers the papers of Ibn Haldun and Haqrizzi finally the 4th chapter. .
Hallegatte, Stéphane. "Interactions d'échelles en économie : application à l'évaluation des dommages économiques du changement climatique et des événements extrêmes." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0048.
So far, climate change damage assessments are based on long term growth models, which neglect disequilibrium processes, that are assumed to be transient over short period. This thesis highlights, from a set of modelling exercises, how important the short-term transients and the endogenous economic variability are in the estimation of extreme events and climate change damages. It thus suggests the impossibility to evaluate the damages independently of a precise representation of economic growth and dynamics : damages are as sensitive to the nature and amount of impacts than to the dynamics of the economy they are applied on. Thus, uncertainty on future damages comes both from our incomplete scientific knowledge and from the uncertainty on the future organisation of our economies
Quiquerez, Guillaume. "Le rôle des a priori cognitifs en économie : le cas de la dépendance à l'histoire du taux de chômage." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32024.
Villion, Jérôme. "Théorie du regret, incertitude et pessimisme." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN0614.
Chevé, Morgane. "L'adéquation des choix économiques aux contraintes écologiques : optimalité et durabilité de la croissance d'une économie polluante." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010004.
Mille, Marylène. "Connaissance et croissance économique : le rôle économique des universités." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0086.
The objective is to study the contribution of universities to the process of growth and their implication in the development of their territory of reception. A model of general balance revitalized with endogenous growth by accumulation of knowledge in a public university system was built. It evokes the possibility of a positive effect on the growth, but on condition that it is not counterbalanced by a rate of too much raised financing. A confrontation of the results obtained with the facts observed in the French case revealed a globally positive correlation. We estimated the impact of universities on the local development. A method of modelling of the effects of the externalities of academic knowledge, within the framework of an endogenous growth model localized with public policy, was proposed. Then, we analyzed concretely the ways by which a university can join economically on its territory of reception
Rafaï, Ismaël. "Prise en compte de l'attention limitée dans l'analyse économique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR0027.
This thesis contributes to the integration of limited attention within the economic theory. We argue that attentional allocation processes can be understood as a production process with the allocated attention (the quantity of attentional resources invested in a decision) as an input and the effective attention (the amount of information contained in that decision) as an output. Borrowing methods from psychology and cognitive sciences, we propose three essays to shedding light on these processes. In the first chapter, we manipulate the presentation order between reward information and perceptual evidence in a two-alternative forced-choice task. The allocated attention is controlled, and we measure effective attention with a Signal Detection model. We found that the last information presented is more weighted in the decision. We attribute this effect to the division of attention. The second chapter proposes an experiment where participants pay costly attention to reduce the uncertainty of a discrimination task. We measure both allocated attention (through the response time) and effective attention (through performance). This experiment allows the study of attentional social dilemmas (situations where attention is costly for individuals but beneficial for the group). We highlight a discrepancy between monetary elicited social preferences and the behaviors exhibited in our attentional social dilemma. The last chapter proves that a model of revealed preferences under stochastic attention can be implemented and tested empirically. We provide new characterization and revealed preference theorems for a general version of Brady and Rehbeck’s model (2016, Econometrica). We propose and analyze – with numerical simulations – statistic procedures to test the axioms, to reveal preferences, and to measure effective attention. We test the internal validity of the model with a selective attention task, where participants choose an alternative among distractors and we find that most of the participants behave in accordance with the model and reveal coherent preferences
Rouillon, Sébastien. "Analyse économique de l'effet de serre." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010085.
This work has two aims. First, as announced in the title, it surveys the main reflections about the climate change in the economic literature. Secondly, it proposes two personal contributions. The first one considers the issue of a catastrophic environmental collapse and the way the social planner should deal with it. So, it develops a decision-rule that is applied when the social planner faces the choice to cross or not a critical threshold of pollution (and so generating the catastrophe). The latter compares the economic cost of the emission constraint, designed to avoid the catastrophe, to the damage of the catastrophic event. When this damage is first known with uncertainty, but grows wellknown thanks to scientific progress, the method used proves the existence of a positive quasioption value in the context of a climate change policy. The second personal contribution to the literature expands the coalition theory to the case of many different players and applies it to the description of the international negotiations about the climate change. When studying free access coalitions without transfers, it demonstrates that countries forming stable agreements show high marginal benefits of pollution abatement and rapidly growing marginal costs of pollution abatement. Turning to agreements allowing transfers, the results are modified. Then, the coalitions bring together one country with the characteristics just described, and two others, less concerned with a clean environment (they suffer less from pollution), but having a flat marginal cost of pollution abatement. This coalition remains stable thanks to the compensations offered by the first country to the others, which, that way, implicitly subsidises their action
Bell-Aldeghi, Rosalind. "Analyse économique des systèmes mixtes d'assurance maladie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCB002.
In France, in 2014, health expenditures represented EUR 190 billion. This figure grows year after year; 76.6% is financed by a compulsory social insurance (Assurance Maladie), with contributions proportional to income; 13.5% is financed by private complementary insurances and 8.5% is financed directly by households in the form of out-of-pockets. The relationship between Social Health Insurance (SHI) and Private Health Insurance (PHI) is what characterises a mixed system.Within mixed systems, insurances can complement each other but also interact in inefficient ways. In a first part, I study a system where SHI can be complemented by a complementary or supplementary private insurance. Whereas there was a confusion in the theoretical literature between complementary and supplementary insurances, we find that these insurances can have opposing effects. This model underlines the importance of the nature of the health good (in terms of elasticity) insured by SHI on the optimal rate of social insurance. The higher the rate of low income individual purchasing the socially insured good, the higher the redistributive effect of insurance will be. Marginal utility of poor individuals being higher than high income individuals, I find that using an unweighted additive welfare function, the optimal social insurance rate of insurance is positively related to the redistributive characteristic of insurance.In this first part we underline that the selection of goods that should be insured privately depends on the definition of social insurance. The second part studies what criteria should be used to select the goods to socially insure. At the heart of the selection of goods to socially insure is the possibility of comparing individual preferences debated extensively within welfare economics and formalised by Arrow’s incompatibility theorem. The equivalent income principal developed by Fleurbaey et al. (2013) offers to overcome this limitation. This ordinal criteria, defined as the income in perfect health which yields the same satisfaction as the income in a sick state (i.e. the income in good health minus the willingness to pay to be in good health), allows making interpersonal comparisons. By adapting a theoretical model studying the optimal selection of goods to insure socially (Hoel, 2007) and by using the equivalent income criteria, we find that the introduction of private health insurance decreases the marginal benefit of social insurance. This modifies the ranking function and decreases the optimal social budget, leaving uninsured individuals facing the impossibility to use certain efficient treatments.Whereas the second part revealed what treatment social insurance should first renounce reimbursing in a within a limited budget, the last chapter studies a market characterised by minimal social participation. The market of eyewear (glasses) is characterised by strong asymmetric information and product differentiation. Beyond financing health expenditures, we ask whether, similarly to social insurance, PHI are able to reduce the effects of market failures and manage health expenditures. Following the literature on managed-care and competition for the right to serve a demand, the effect of networks of preferred provides on prices is analysed. Using an exclusive dataset of all purchases in eyewear made by MGEN (Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale) enrollees between 2012 and 2014, we test empirically the effect of the network on the number of purchases and the prices of lenses. The effect of competition for the network and in the market on prices of unifocal and bifocal lenses, within 450 areas of France, is estimated. We find that competition for the network reduces significantly prices of purchases made inside the network and competition in the market reduces prices outside the network
Richard, Thibaut. "Régime politique et efficacité économique : éléments théoriques et analyses comparées." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21010.
This thesis examines the interaction between political regimes and economical efficiency, especially the relation between democracy and growth. This yet old question has not found a clear answer until now. Considering the importance of political regimes on economic growth, it remains though crucial in economics. The methodology adopted here consists of a comparison between the results of the theoretical literature, those of previous empirical studies, and those of our different econometrical models. All these tools of analysis converge to estimate a weakly positive impact of democracy on economic growth. However, this impact is rarely significant. The first chapter of the thesis aims at defining what is democracy and how to qualify and quantify this concept. We selected some existing indicators of democracy and create some new. This chapter ends with an historical and geographical approach of the democracy. It shows some similarity between democracy and economic growth (repeated cycles, regional diffusion…) The second chapter makes a synthesis of the theoretical literature on the subject. It shows that the theory is rather inconclusive. For example, democracy is said to be better for the guaranty of property rights, or against corruption but is too sensitive to the pressure of the lobbies and prefers to sacrifice the future for the present. Moreover, globalization does not seem to influence the relation between democracy and growth. The third chapter analyses the relation with some simple statistical tools such as the correlation coefficient. We find a weakly positive relation between democracy and growth. The fourth chapter uses panel data regressions and confirms the previous results of the third chapter. Furthermore, it shows that freedom of thoughts is the best component of democracy that promotes economic growth. Finally, the regressions confirm the fact that democracy enhances economic development
Sutan, Angela. "Une Investigation expérimentale des capacités éductives des agents dans des situations de feedback négatif." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/SUTAN_Angela_2005.pdf.
The goal of this thesis is to study the eductive-type of reasoning in negative feedback situations. We address it through an experimental approach. We construct this thesis around three questions: what mechanism is the eductive type of reasoning based on? Is this type of reasoning more likely to succeed in some particular situations? Can we find particular conditions improving the performance of the eductive reasoning? We identify the negative feedback environments as stabilizing situations for the eductive reasoning. Therefore, after defining the concept of eductive reasoning and characterizing negative feedback situations, we introduce and test in the first part of this thesis a negative feedback beauty contest game. Repetition, elicitation and circularity are the conditions of its success within a market situation. Therefore, in the second part of this thesis, we are interested in the application of this game in cobweb markets. Our thesis shows that, in negative feedback situations, reflective beliefs turn faster into intuitive beliefs, because through an eductive type of reasoning, the equilibrium is scanned several times, and useful information is increased. Consequently, a market with a negative feedback structure is stable and the agents within this type of market hold coordinated beliefs
Tomini, Agnes. "Essais en économie de l'environnement et ressources en eau." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24018.
This Ph. D. Thesis aims at analyzing major water issues underlying the scarcity of the resource. Actually, this resource insures various crucial functions supporting human life as well as our economical system. Thereby, within the scarcity context, the allocation of the resource among different users and across time is a harder ask. This fact leads us to make choice which can be guided by the economic tools. Thus, given the water challenges, this Ph. D thesis aims at bringing some answers to specific topics such that the valuation of total economic value, the risk of conflict, the population migration, the exploitation of groundwater conjointly with rainwater harvesting and the virtual water concept
Catherine, Alain Jean-Daniel. "Analyse économique de la solidarité." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10071.
Mayère, Anne. "Information et système productif : essai d'analyse économique des fonctions et valeur de l'information." Lyon 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO22010.
Helmer, Étienne. "Économie et politique chez Platon." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010625.
Torres, Emmanuel. "Le cadre de vie urbain : essai d'une économie de la qualité." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-201.pdf.
The rise of environment problems in cities will require in the years to come an important wave of investments in public and private sector in a context of an increasing social demand of quality. This prospect calls for an economic approach of urban environment. This research proposes to bring new implements to theories of environment economy based at present on the concept of "sustainable development", in order to deal specifically with the urban and local problems of environment. A relative and social conception of environment is used and the quality of this environment is considered as a local public good "coproduced" by urban planning and production actors, and by citizens themselves. We take stock of the possibilities of a monetary evaluation of the quality of urban environment, before to use a multicriteria evaluation approach connected to a local actors decision theory. The conditions of coordination and the regulation of urban actors behaviour are analyzed in relation to this quality. Some theoretical implements proposed in the research are applied to an empiric case : the agglomeration of boulogne in nord pasde-calais
Gardères, Philippe. "Inégalité, redistribution et compétition dans une économie avec collectivités locales." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX24004.
Sauzedde, Stéphane. "Art, économie, entreprise : une activité artistique indexée sur le CAC40." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010702.
Daniel, Karine. "Politique agricole et localisation des activités dans l'Union européenne : une analyse en économie géographique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010042.
Edouard, Serge. "Progrès technologique et changement institutionnel : de l'institutionnalisation de l'innovation technologique à la co-évolution techno-institutionnelle." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100001.
Jullien, Nicolas. "Impact du logiciel libre sur l'industrie informatique." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6002.
Boujelbene, Younès. "Les modèles dynamiques de demande : théorie et application à la demande d'énergie en France." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090013.
Waléry, Serge. "Contrôle du temps et organisation des activités économiques : essai d'analyse de mouvements économiques de longue durée." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090014.
Study and formalization of long-period movements of human activities temporal organization and economic activities rythm, control process : elements for an application to economic activities rythm contemporary movements interpretation, from a long period point of view
Bonino, Philippe. "Financement décentralisé des activités productives : équilibre, viabilité et acceptabilité." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21015.
Callaert, Sophie. "Autogreffe de cellules souches circulantes première, versus autogreffe seconde dans le traitement du myélome multiple : analyse de coût du protocole MAG 90." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P161.
Fiocca, Louis-Emmanuel. "L' analyse économique du droit d'auteur dans la société de l'information." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32059.
Cabagnols, Alexandre. "Les déterminants des types de comportements innovants et de leur persistance : analyse évolutionniste et étude économétrique." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/cabagnols_a.
Clays, Jérôme. ""Le monde n'est qu'un vaste marché". . . Mais encore ? : le marché comme objet scientifique : derniers développements, le marché comme représentation sociale : premières pistes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0008.
Marchal, Fabrice. "Contribution informatique aux modèles de planification en économie des transport." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0141.
During the past two decades, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of dynamic traffic models mainly motivated by ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) technologies. These models describe the evolution of the congestion of urban and inter-urban networks as a dynamic process instead of considering -as in static models- that this phenomenon is stationary. This dissertation presents an innovative methodology that uses the simulation approach. In the first part, we build a fully dynamic model with two key features: (1) a mesoscopic event-based traffic model and (2) a departure time choice model based on the work of W. Vickrey. Its advantages are the ability to compute stationary time-dependent states and to take into account within-day time as well as day-to-day adjustments. Computer implementation and performance issues are addressed to allow to simulate large-scale networks within reasonable computing times. The second part focuses on the applicability of the simulator. Its validation is presented on the test-site of the city of Paris with real world data. It is compared with other existing approaches such as that of static models and network-aggregated models. A wide range of policies and scenarios are envisaged: variation of demand, access control, traffic restraint, implementation of staggered and flexible hours. The model is also adapted to study the economics of road pricing. We show that the simulation approach can help to design pricing schemes by predicting their impacts on traffic flows and by assessing the differential responses of users. Fixed and modular pricing schemes are tested on the network of Sioux-Falls. Lastly, we examine the integration of traffic simulators withland-usemodels
Meynet, Robert. "Micro-économie de l'infection nosocomiale." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO33020.
This work has been realized in lyon which is the second largest hospital structure in france in two departments of abdominal surgery for one year and in prospective. 15,4 per cent of the sick have been infected and the cost of this infection amounts to 16. 994 french francs on average per patient 1978, that is an 80 per cent rate of increase (37. 138 20. 144) for infected sick patients as compared with non infected ones. The microeconomic infection cost includes not only invoiced postoperative hospital cost (stay, examinations, medical treatment) but also the post hospital cost, valued from the studied medical consumption angle during the six months after coming out of hospital (new hospital admissions, care, examinations, pharmacy, convalescence home). Another type of non invoiced post operative medical hospital cost valued from a difference in intensity of care between infected sick patients and non infected sick ones : this type of cost comes in addition to invoiced cost. The invoiced social cost worked out from wages paid completes the microeconomical infection cost notion. In relation to previously published international studies, this work presents a particularity in the approach of invoiced medical postoperative hospital cost and non invoiced medical postoperative cost
Levarlet, François. "Les modèles éco-énergétiques à l'interface économie-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010060.
Our thesis deals with ecological-economic modeling. It develops a typology in this field of research and suggets two classes of environmental-economic interface : "weak interface" and "strong interface". With this categories we are able to analyse two kinds of eco-energetic models : ecco model and odum's models. Our work takes specially care with odum's approach. We build an account model for the french case and insert our work in sustainable development field
Marques, Nicolas. "Sécurité sociale ou protections sociales : une analyse économique institutionnelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32011.
Fauchart, Emmanuelle. "Deux formalisations des processus de sélection en théorie économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010062.
The thesis identifies two different mechanisms of selection : selection can perform either in the form of successive shocks perturbating a space of proportions or in the form of some simultaneous evaluation of the competing entities. Whereas the first mechanism is indissociable from increasing returns in order to make the collective structure converge towards some stable proportions, the second mechanism can be associated either with increasing or ( and) decreasing returns type of properties. We propose that the action of selection through either one of these two mechanisms is indissociable from the emergence of intertemporal effects giving rise to irreversibilities. These irreversibilities are the basis of the orientation and organization function of selection in evolutionary dynamics. These intertemporal effects can either be individual or( and) collective. Collective effects bear more irreversibilities in the dynamics because they lie on interdependencies among the members of the population (adopters or firms) impulsing the evolution. Besides intertemporal interdependencies arising from the sequencing of time, some other factors orienting evolutionary dynamics are identified