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1
Bodіuk, Adam. "Ground of concepts of mountain economy and economic geology." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 20 (November 2019): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.20.2019.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subject of research: natural and cost information that displays over-resourceobjects and processes of over-use. The purpose of this article is to substantiate theconcepts that theoretically determine the geological, industrial and cost aspects ofsupra-use, mining, economic geology, mining economics; generalization,systematization of their possible objects; determination of the main researchmethods and the importance of super-resources in the further development of theeconomy, the domestic mineral resource base, taking into account the requirementsfor scientific research and production needs for sub-resources. The researchmethodology consists in applying a set of methods: historical (processes of formationof minerals and their deposits in the distant past), comparative, abstract-logicalanalysis (definition of the concepts of economic geology and mining economics),generalization (substantiation of conclusions and proposals), legal analysis ( studyof the legal framework for substantiating definitions of economic geology andmining economics). The results of the work - it is justified that the concept ofsubsoil use should be considered as a cross-cutting scientific and economic activity,which covers the study of historical processes of mineral formation, a modern studyof the geology of the subsoil, exploitation of deposits, mining, preparation ofextracted minerals for further transfer through the sphere of commodity-moneyor barter exchange, their movement in space and time into the sphere of processingor directly production or th of application. The concept of requirements unitesminerals, mineral deposits, the processes of their exploration and exploitation. Inthe narrower case, the required processes are considered as a complex of processesand individual works on the study of deposits, mining and mineral processing, thatis, directly with minerals. Accordingly, we propose a mining economy to beconsidered as a scientific industry in a wide and narrow interpretation. Extraspecificexploration and mining production, infrastructure processes (storage, movementof minerals, etc.) are widely studied; in the narrow-mining. Conclusions-on alegal basis, summarized as objects of research in the mining economy, as objectsof economic relations for economic theory, it is proposed to take mineral deposits,minerals, processes and processors of subsurface exploitation, labor of enterprisepersonnel, which is used for exploration and production of sub-resources, thenthere are natural objects, living and embodied labor of enterprises. Economicgeology studies information and determines the cost estimates of explorationresearch and work.
2
Akon, Eunuse. "Mineralogy, geochemistry and economic potentialities of heavy mineral sand resources of Bangladesh." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 59 (July 24, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v59i0.24981.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy mineral sand deposits are the important mineral resources of Bangladesh. Systematic mineral exploration activities carried out in the south eastern coastal belt of Bangladesh were successful to discover seventeen heavy mineral sand (HMS) deposits in the coastal beach and off-shore islands. Mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral processing characteristics of the heavy mineral sands and their economic potentialities are presented in the present paper. On an average, HMS deposits contain 23% total heavy minerals. In heavy fraction, average weight percentage of the economic minerals is: zircon 4.20%, rutile 2.04%, ilmenite 26.03%, garnet 6.45%, kyanite 3.92%, leucoxene 2.30%, magnetite 1.87% and monazite 0.31%; and the average weight percentage of other non-economic heavy minerals is 53.88%. Heavy mineral sand deposits altogether contain 1.76 million tons of economically important heavy minerals which are: limonite (1,025,000 tonnes), garnet (223,000 tons), zircon (158,000 tonnes), leucoxene (97,000 tons), kyanite (91,000 tons), rutile (70,000 tons), magnetite (81,000 tones) and monazite (17,000 tonnes). Occurrence of large amount of economic heavy minerals in the sand bars of Brahmaputra-Jamuna River has been reported by some recent studies. On an average, total heavy mineral percentage of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna sand bars is around 8.92%. Mineral sand processing on the bulk samples has been carried out at the pilot plant comprising gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separators to characterize the separation characteristics of individual economic heavy minerals. Geochemical studies on the separated heavy minerals show that TiO2 in rutile is around 90% and ZrO2 in zircon is around 65%, which are quite satisfactory in respect of commercial grade. Ilmenite contains low level of titanium dioxide (TiO2-43%) and higher level of chromium, manganese and iron. Beneficiation and upgrading of limonite will be required to make it a market able commodity. Valuable minerals present in the heavy mineral sand deposits of Bangladesh need to be mined sustainably and utilized for the benefit of the country.
3
Wayne Sargent, M. "Economic Minerals of Saskatchewan." Earth-Science Reviews 25, no. 4 (October 1988): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(88)90071-2.
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4
Bеidуk, O. "SIGNIFICANT DEPOSITS OF MINERALS IN THE TABLE D. I. MENDELEEV: NATIONAL DIMENSION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 72 (2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.72.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The distribution of chemical elements and deposits of minerals is heterogeneous on the Earth. This heterogeneity reflects the following chain of levels of mineral resource supply of countries and territories: very low → low → average → high → very high. Extreme links of this chain can be represented, for example, in the Republic of Korea (a very low level of mineral supply) and the South African Republic (very high level of mineral supply). Ukraine, according to various estimates, occupies the second (low) or third (middle) level in this rank. This publication serves as an objective basis for such assessments and aims as to demonstrate a certain raw material and energy independence of the quarry with respect to the provision of the most important minerals (this is demonstrated by the “mineral-raw” filling of the table by D. I. Mendeleev). The systemic representation of Ukraine’s provision of mineral resources in general and regions (Donbas, Crimea, etc.) or economic regions (in some cases, in oblasts) provides a table «Deposits of minerals in Ukraine in the context of economic regions in the periodic system of chemical elements (tables by D. I. Mendeleev)». The high level of provision of Ukraine’s territory with mineral resources in the context of economic-geographical regions has been confirmed. The periodic system of chemical elements (table by D. I. Mendeleev) is strengthened by data on the distribution of mineral raw materials and minerals in the context of economic-geographical regions of Ukraine. The highlighted problem has confirmed the high density of interdisciplinary connections (geography, geology, geochemistry, economics, regionalistics, zoning). The presented material reveals a decent level for developing strategies for socio-economic development of the regions, the given data can be implemented in the latest programs of reformed education of Ukraine.
5
Kal’ko, A. "The approaches to the economic and geographical analysis of the earth mineral-material resources." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 39 (December 15, 2011): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article the conceptual approaches are lighted up in relation to the methods of economic evaluation of raw mineral-material resources of the earth of concrete territories. The ways of account of vagueness of initial information are shown about the present and credible supplies of deposits of minerals, related to the level of the geological information authenticity. Key words: mineral resources, minerals, estimation, rent.
6
Kesse, G. O. "Minerals, mining and economic development." Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report 4, no. 2 (June 1986): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14041048609409752.
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7
Doggett, Michael. "Mineral Economics and the Business of Mineral Supply." SEG Discovery, no. 131 (October 1, 2022): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/geo-and-mining-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each. Abstract The business of mineral supply comprises the costs, risks, and returns of converting natural capital to financial capital. As such, it represents the interface between economic geology and mineral economics. The traditional approach to studying mineral supply, however, is less an interface than a series of silos covering geologic, engineering, business, and social aspects of the conversion process. The challenges of meeting the ever-increasing demand for minerals and metals will require better communication and understanding across disciplines and stakeholder groups in order to mitigate discovery and development risks. For economic geologists, improved communication starts with an understanding of the essential economic tools and metrics that are used to assign value to projects and make decisions about their advancement toward production. Furthermore, economic geologists should recognize and build on the interface between the economic characteristics of valuations and the underlying geologic characteristics of deposits. The sizes and distribution of project cash flows are intimately linked to the underlying styles and distribution of mineralization within deposits. Understanding how geologic processes created and altered mineral deposits is incredibly useful in grasping the economics of undoing those processes to recover payable minerals and metals.
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Fawzy, Mona M., Mohamed S. Kamar, and Gehad M. Saleh. "Physical processing for polymetallic mineralization of Abu Rusheid mylonitic rocks, South Eastern Desert of Egypt." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 12, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2021.00200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn this study, the mineralogical content of Abu Rusheid mylonite sample was investigated and revealed that the sample is essentially composed of quartz and feldspar (72.14% mass), muscovite (16.6% mass), and contains heavy economic polymetallic minerals of about 2.65% by mass. By studying the differences in the physical properties of this mineral content, a proposed flow sheet was set up to explain the successive physical upgrading steps for concentrating and separating the valuable minerals content and getting rid of the associated gangue minerals. Industrial, economic and strategic polymetallic minerals were identified at Abu Rusheid mylonite sample, including cassiterite, titanite, brass, kasolite, monazite, and uranothorite. A group of sulfide minerals also existed as pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and molybdenite in addition to the presence of fluorite and iron oxides bearing rare earth elements (REEs) and base metals. Using dry high intensity magnetic separation followed by wet gravity separation and flotation, three concentrates were obtained; heavy paramagnetic concentrate (monazite, columbite, brass, and jarosite), heavy diamagnetic concentrate (zircon, kasolite, uranothorite, cassiterite, and sulphide minerals) and muscovite concentrate for industrial uses. Physical processing of Abu Rusheid mylonite sample was carried out to produce high grade mineral concentrate used as a raw material for chemical treatment to extract economic elements that necessary for several industries.
9
Crowson, Phillip Charles Francis. "Mineral reserves and future minerals availability." Mineral Economics 24, no. 1 (June 8, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-011-0002-9.
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10
Moustafa, M. I., M. A. Tashkandi, and A. M. El-Sherif. "Detecting Mineral Resources and Suggesting a Physical Concentration Flowsheet for Economic Minerals at the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 3 (June 6, 2022): 8617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a limited number of studies on sand deposit resources of Saudi Arabia, which cover nearly the one-third of the area of the country, whereas most of these studies deal with the environmental rather than the mineralogical or mining aspects. In this paper, and in the effort to detect the mineral resources of the Northern Border Region, the surficial Wadi sediments along the Ar'ar-Sakaka road are studied. The deposits of several Wadies (Al Aqra, Shiban al Hanzaliyat, and Arar) are mixed. The sediments of the collected samples are investigated to determine definite areas characterized by a relatively higher content of heavy minerals and a relatively lower content of carbonate minerals that are also friable enough to be investigated by some of the available physical concentration techniques. A large quantity of the surficial deposits, weighing 4.69 tons was collected from the stretch at the investigated area which is 3km long and 1.5km wide. Evaluation of the heavy minerals content, their types, and their ability for concentration and separation, was conducted. A suggested physical concentration flowsheet was concluded for concentrating and separating the contained economic minerals. The average heavy mineral content is 1.55 wt% and the identified economic minerals are magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, goethite, zircon, rutile, anatase, monazite, and xenotime. The other contained heavy minerals include monoclinic pyroxenes (diopside, and augite), monoclinic amphibole (winchite), and muscovite mica. Dolomite and calcite carbonate are also contained. The concluding results ensure that magnetite, zircon, TiO2 minerals, and monazite are mineable for separation in individual mineral concentrates. Most of the detected economic minerals are recorded in the area for the first time. Monazite, xenotime, and zircon are responsible for some recorded radioactivity in the area.
11
Matyukha, Vоlоdуmуr. "GRAPHOANALYTICAL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE COST ESTIMATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 6(25) (2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2019/6(25)/11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The importance of cost estimation of mineral resources in modern economic theory is noted in the article. It is noted that all currently existing methodical and methodological approaches to the valuation of minerals by their economic nature are in fact an analysis of the economic feasibility of realization of investment projects for the development of deposits, which actually answers the question: is the investment project for the development of the field economically viable. Based on the analysis of literary sources, it is established that at the present stage of development of the world economy, the interest in the economic evaluation of the efficiency of development of mineral resources is not waning. However, methodological approaches are different and there is still no unity in them. Experts point out that the current methods require improvement due to the low accuracy of calculations, since the size of the cost estimate depends on the amount of rental payments for the use of mineral resources in mining and the starting price of the sale of a special permit for the development of deposits at auction. For the first time in the economic theory economics, a graphoanalytic method for the cost estimation of mineral deposits has been proposed. The features of this methodological approach based on integral calculus, including the integration of continuous functions, as well as the method of discounting cash flows with simultaneous consideration of the life cycle scheme of deposits, namely mining and geological conditions of mining are opened. The step-by-step sequence of realization of the proposed method is resulted. It is stated that this approach will allow to obtain a more exact cost estimate of a deposit or subsoil by taking into account the following factors: the life of the deposit, the market conditions of the mineral resources, capital and current expenses connected with extraction of minerals and costs of the subsoil user in the post-mining a period of time related to the closure of mines and quarries and the reclamation of disturbed lands formed during the extraction of minerals.
12
Hails, John R. "Marine minerals in exclusive economic zones." Marine Geology 110, no. 1-2 (February 1993): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90119-g.
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Pride, Douglas E. "Ores and minerals: Introducing economic geology." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, no. 5 (May 1990): 1526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(90)90180-s.
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14
MURTAZASHVILI, ILIA. "Institutions and the shale boom." Journal of Institutional Economics 13, no. 1 (September 19, 2016): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper uses the institutional economics of Douglass North to explain three features of the shale boom: why fracking technology emerged in the United States, the rapid increase in production of natural gas in the United States and the uneven response to these new economic opportunities in shale-rich economies. It argues that the institutional matrix of the United States, in particular private ownership of minerals, encouraged experimentation on the barren Texas oil and gas fields, where fracking technology emerged and the rapid transfer of mineral rights to gas companies. Institutional entrepreneurs, namely landmen and lawyers, facilitated contracting between owners of mineral rights and drillers. Private ownership of minerals and an ideology supportive of drilling provide insight into the adoption of regulations that encourage hydraulic fracturing.
15
Rahman, M. A., M. N. Zaman, P. K. Biswas, and M. S. Sultana. "Economic Viability of the Tista River Sand Deposits in Bangladesh An Overview." Journal of Scientific Research 9, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v9i2.30374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Tista River originates from the Himalaya Mountain, flows through Bangladesh and makes itself as the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River, having huge sand deposits with valuable minerals. The present work implies economic viability of the Tista River sand deposits measuring heavy mineral concentration and comparing with other established deposits and marking the cut-off grade and prices of these minerals. The study shows that the average content of heavy minerals is 8.26%, containing garnet, ilmenite, magnetite, rutile, zircon and micas. The selected valuable oxides in the form of minerals are SiO2, MgO, K2O and rare earth elements. The commendable amount of SiO2 71.72 wt% makes it feasible as raw material in the glass factory. Another valuable oxide is K2O amounted 2.53 wt% (price per ton in US$ 350-400) makes it praiseworthy. The valuable elements found in deserving quantities are Ba, Rb, Th, V, Cs, Cr, Ni and Co. The remarkable finding of this study is Thorium (Th) measured 28 gm/ton of bulk sand. According to Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, thorium (Th) can produce 200 times more electricity than uranium and more environment friendly. So it is economically feasible to take proper initiative to set up mining for sand processing.
16
Khuzaima, Nur, Khairel Rafezi, Nur Hidayah Ahmad Zaidi, M. K. R. Hashim, and Sheikh Abdul Rezan. "Minerals Characterization of Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Element from Black Sand Langkawi." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Valuable minerals are defined as mineral which having good opportunities to economic and consireable important. The most commonly occurring sand mineral deposits are ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, cassiterite, monazite, tourmaline, zircon, kyanite, silimanite, and garnet. In Malaysia, mineral sand deposits is found in Langkawi which known as black sand Langkawi. Langkawi black sand having high amount of valuable minerals that is very crucial in the industrial and construction products. Characterizations of black sand acquire different techniques to concentrate and separate valuable minerals. These techniques utilize different in physical or chemical properties of the valuable and gangue (wastes) minerals. For magnetic is based on natural or induced differences in magnetic susceptibility or conductivity of the minerals.. They are used to distinguish and extract magnetic, slightly magnetic and non-magnetic components present in the heavy fraction (Rutile, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Garnets, Zircon and Monazite). All minerals will have one of three magnetic properties: ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic. Ferromagnetic minerals (i.e. Magnetite and Ilmenite) are magnetic and easily attracted to the poles of magnet. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic minerals in the group magnetic, but if the mixture of paramagnetic and diamagnetic minerals are passed through a magnetic field, the paramagnetic minerals will be pulled into the field and diamagnetic minerals separated from the field. By varying the intensity of the magnetic field, it is also possible to separate different paramagnetic minerals from each other. In this study, techniques used to separate valuable minerals from black sand are magnetic separator.
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Gómez, Jannyna Reto, Carlos Rios-Campos, Manuel Tiberio Valentín Puma, Yesenia Paulina Valentín Huanaco, Juan Alberto Avalos Hubeck, Alex Javier Sánchez Pantaleón, Julissa Elizabeth Reyna González, and Freddy Ronald Huapaya Condori. "Impacto económico de la minería en el Perú." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 6382–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n4-009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objetivo: El siguiente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal describir el impacto económico de la minería en el Perú, desde 1960 hasta la actualidad. Método: El estudio que se ha ejercido es de clase descriptiva y correlacional no experimental, pues se ha recopilado información de distintas fuentes principalmente del MINEM, y distintas fuentes secundarias, lo que incluye también fuentes históricas para conocer la realidad del sector minero a través de las últimas seis décadas. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que los minerales, sobre todo el oro, el cobre y el zinc han sido los minerales más producidos, siendo el hierro el mineral más producido, seguido del cobre y el zinc. Además, que actualmente Latinoamérica, tiene grandes producciones de minerales. Además de que al analizar la empresa Southern Perú, se haya que ha obtenido una ganancia mayor a los US$ 7000 millones por la venta de minerales, cantidad que es mucho mayor a sus costos que no alcanzaban los S/. 3900 millones de soles. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el impacto económico por parte del sector minero ha sido positivo, pues la aportación que ha tenido este en el PBI sobrepasa el 11% de este.
Objective: The following study had as its main objective to describe the economic impact of mining in Peru during the 1960s to the present. Method: The study that has been carried out is of a descriptive and non-experimental correlational class, since information has been collected from different sources, mainly the MINEM, and different secondary sources, which also includes historical sources to know the reality of the mining sector through the last six decades. Results: It has been found that minerals, especially gold, copper and zinc, have been the most produced minerals, iron being the most produced mineral, followed by copper and zinc. In addition, Latin America currently has large mineral productions. In addition to analyzing the Southern Peru company, it has been obtained a profit greater than US $ 7,000 million from the sale of minerals, an amount that is much higher than its costs that did not reach S /. 3.9 billion soles. Conclusions: It is concluded that the economic impact by the mining sector has been positive, since the contribution that this has had in the GDP exceeds 11% this.
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Zyleva, N. V. "Minerals as an object of accounting and economic security of the oil and gas company implementing the production sharing agreement." International Accounting 23, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 1291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.23.11.1291.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subject. This article discusses the practice of ensuring the economic security of oil and gas companies operating under the terms of production sharing agreements, where minerals are the object of security. Objectives. The article aims to justify the need to apply professional judgment in the organization of reliable accounting of minerals, explored and extracted under the terms of the production sharing agreement implementation, to avoid various risks to the entity's economic security. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of deduction and modeling. Results. The article presents proposals to arrange accounting of intangible exploration assets (geological information on mineral reserves) and finished products (the part of the extracted minerals owned by the investor and the part owned by the State). Conclusions. As strategic minerals, oil and gas are the targets of various economic risks. Professionals familiar with the specifics of accounting operations in the implementation of the production sharing agreement should be prepared to prevent these risks. The results obtained can be used to design accounting policies and develop local regulations on the tasks and functions of the economic security service of the organization implementing the production sharing agreement.
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CHOQUE FERNANDEZ, Oscar, and Pablo FERNANDEZ. "TEXTURAS DOS MINERAIS DE MINÉRIO DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA. PARTE 1." Boletim do Museu de Geociências da Amazônia 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31419/issn.2594-942x.v92022i1a5ocf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ore minerals are usually characterized to the formation of mineral deposits. Textures can provide evidence of the nature of processes such as initial ore deposition, post-deposition rebalancing or metamorphism, deformation, annealing and weathering. The recognition and interpretation of textures is usually the most important step in understanding the origin and evolution of an ore. As they are ores that contain high economic value, and their study is necessary to correctly define the metallurgical alternatives for an adequate process of obtaining metallic products. Among the most important mines that are operating in Carajás are N4 (iron), Azul (manganese), Sossego and Salobo (copper) and Onca Puma (nickel). Most ores, show opaque characteristics that can be well studied by microscopy of opaque minerals, but others with SEM/EDS. The textures of these ore minerals are distinctive among them, highlighting the disseminated copper minerals subject to mineral liberation and micritic manganese minerals and fines granulates nickel-bearing minerals, ready for metallurgical extraction. Keywords: bornite; chalcopyrite; cryptomelane; chysotile; lizardite.
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Pavlenko, Yu. "Methodological principles of studying the variability of mineral properties in the subsurface." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 6 (2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-6-6-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inhomogeneities in the structure of the subsoil are manifested at any scale of research, from the heterogeneous structure of a rock fragment to the structure of the earth’s shells. The object of research is minerals in the subsurface. The subject of the study is the natural heterogeneities of a demanded mineral, which provide reliable knowledge about a mineral object, and the goal is to improve the principles of studying industrially valuable accumulations of minerals according to four most important indicators - intensity, extensiveness, accuracy and reliability, which provide a choice of methods for geological and economic assessment of the mineral object. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the principles and methods of the stage-systemic results of geological exploration of various types and industrial types of deposits, takes into account the influence of the geological structure on the characteristics of the spatial variability of the properties of minerals in the subsoil, and makes it possible to increase the reliability of the research results. To clarify the natural heterogeneity, variability of mineral bodies, the methods of modern mathematics, probability theory, and mathematical statistics are used. Methodological principles and methods make it possible to simplify the research process, reduce labour costs, time and funds. The quantitative characteristics of the variability of the most important properties of minerals solve many questions of the methodology of prospecting, exploration, testing and geological and economic assessment of the deposit. They also determine the appropriate degree of study of the deposit for its industrial development, the group of complexity of the geological structure of the deposit, and determine the volume of physical research. The article demonstrates rational methods and practical techniques for using heterogeneous sample information to establish reliable parameters of minerals. They are applicable at the stage of appraisal and exploration of deposits of ore and non-metallic minerals
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Goh, E. K. H., M. K. Habib, and H. Abdullah. "Geostatistical economic evaluation of industrial minerals (Malaysia)." International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 14, no. 4 (January 2000): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13895260008953339.
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Ziran, Zhong. "Minerals, energy and economic development in China." Resources Policy 21, no. 3 (September 1995): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4207(96)89796-0.
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Guldris Leon, Lorena, and Magnus Bengtsson. "Selective Comminution Applied to Mineral Processing of a Tantalum Ore: A Technical, Economic Analysis." Minerals 12, no. 8 (August 21, 2022): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12081057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an increasing demand to simulate and optimize the performance and profit of comminution circuits, especially in low-grade ore processing, as is the case with critical metals minerals. Recent research has shown that the optimization result is greatly influenced by quality aspects of the products, such as cost, profit, and capacity. This paper presents a novel approach to performing a multi-objective technical and economic analysis of tantalum ore processing to increase the production of critical metals minerals. The article starts with mineral composition analysis to highlight the potential of strategies for balancing the process layout for maximized production. The introduction of a combined technical and economic analysis presents the possibility of improving the profit by rearranging the mass flow given the rock’s mineral composition. Results show that selective comminution can improve process capacity by 23% and decrease production cost by 10% for the presented case.
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Salieva, R. N. "Regulatory support for the design and development of oil fields." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.67.3.048-055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the results of the analysis of legislation and practice of its application in the sphere of legal regulation of relations on the design of oil field development, including fields with hard‑to‑recover minerals. It is noted that the definition of «hard‑to‑recover minerals «is not fixed in the regulatory documents. To develop the concept of «hard‑to‑recover mineral deposits», it is necessary to attract special knowledge from the field of Geology, Economics of the geological industry. Signs of oil deposits (as well as other minerals) located in specific geological conditions, for example, in shale formations; at great depths in the earth’s interior, and therefore requiring special technological and technical solutions for their extraction, it is advisable to fix at the level of law. In this regard, special design rules are required for deposits containing hard‑to‑recover minerals. In order to implement the main provisions of the Energy strategy, the state should ensure systematic and comprehensive legal regulation of economic (business) relations in the field of oil production by adopting a special law.
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Uddin, Md Ripaj, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Nahida Akter, Md Farid Ahmed, Syed Md Minhaz Hossain, Abdul Gafur, Md Jainal Abedin, Md Aminur Rahman, and Abubakr M. Idris. "Identification and Economic Potentiality of Mineral Sands Resources of Hatiya Island, Bangladesh." Minerals 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hatiya is the second largest island of Bangladesh and is situated near the Meghna River estuary in the central coastal zone of Bangladesh. This island hosts a few scenic beaches with a huge deposit of mineral sands. Representative mineral sand samples from various beaches of this island were collected during the year 2019, and analyzed for different mineralogical contents using state-of-the-art techniques, such as WD-XRF, XRD, SEM and EDX. This study determined various mineralogical contents, such as SiO2 (73.58%), micas (40.30%), Al2O3 (12.13%), TiO2 (0.56%), MgO (1.31%), Fe2O3 (4.71%), K2O (3.1%), Na2O (1.92%), CaO (3.16%), some earth metals, and heavy minerals, such as ilmenite (14.77%), garnet (11.02%), rutile (14.94%), magnetite (15.26%), and zircon (13.63%), were identified in the analyzed samples. It is suggested that the studied sand can be utilized as a raw material in the glass industry, due to its high SiO2 content. The approximate prices of heavy and light minerals, such as garnet (USD 75–USD 210/mt), ilmenite (USD 110/mt), magnetite (USD 84/mt), rutile (USD 840/mt), zircon (USD 1050/mt) and micas (USD 109/mt), some oxides such as K2O (USD 350–400/mt), CaO (USD 350–450/mt), Al2O3 (USD 1000-USD 1300/mt), TiO2 (USD 4000–4500/mt), and Fe2O3 (USD 650–1500/mt), and some other heavy metals (Rb, Th, Ba, V, Cr, Cs, Ni and Co), indicates a great economic value of the sand of the Hatiya Island beaches. This study recommends that Hatiya Island’s minerals should be mined responsibly and used effectively, to enhance the nation’s economy.
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Piché, Mathieu, and Michel Jébrak. "Normative minerals and alteration indices developed for mineral exploration." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 82, no. 1-3 (April 2004): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2003.10.001.
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Paudyal, Kabiraj. "Occurrences of mineral resources in Bandipur Gondrang area of Tanahun district, central Nepal, Lesser Himalaya." Journal of Science and Engineering 2 (January 30, 2014): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v2i0.22484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A detailed geological investigation was carried out to assess the distribution of minerals and their geological control in Bandipur-Gondrang area of Tanahu district, a part of Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal. The area is found rich in both metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits. The main metallic minerals found are iron in Phalamdada and Labdi Khola, copper in Bhut Khola and poly-metallic deposits including suspected gold in Bhangeri Khola and Jaubari Khola-Bar Khola sections. A large deposit of inorganic carbon is found around the Gondrang-Watak area. Similarly, a good quality of green marble (metabasite) is found as decorative stone in Bagar Khola area and good quality of roofing stone in Bandipur area. In addition to these economic deposits other several sub economic to non-economic mineral are also located in the geological map of the area. Categorization of these mineral deposits is based on the probable reserve and laboratory analysis of related samples. Geological control of mineral deposits is considered to be the stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic and hydrothermal. Iron mineralization of the area is found stratigraphical control, copper deposits by magmatism of basic rocks (amphibolites), and poly-metallic deposits are related to the hydrothermal processes.
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Zhang, Long, Wuliyasu Bai, Jing Yu, Linmao Ma, Jingzheng Ren, Weishi Zhang, and Yuanzheng Cui. "Critical Mineral Security in China: An Evaluation Based on Hybrid MCDM Methods." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With economic globalization, the supply-and-demand gap of China’s minerals is becoming increasingly sharp, and the degree of dependence on imports is climbing, which poses a severe threat to the resource security for the country. From the perspectives of system and sustainable development, this paper develops a conceptual framework of mineral security, which is composed of five dimensions: availability, accessibility, technology and efficiency, sociability and governance, and environmental sustainability. Based on this framework, it constructs the evaluating metrics for measuring mineral security. Moreover, it employs the hybrid multiple criteria decision-making methods of Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) to assess the security performance for China’s several critical minerals, namely iron, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, and nickel, with respect to the period of 2001 to 2015. The result indicates that the critical minerals of China were at a low to moderate level of security. Iron, copper, and nickel were in an unsecure situation for their short supply in China, and showed a downswing trend. On the other hand, as the preponderant minerals, lead and zinc were at a relatively secure position and uprising; however, they were exhausting their superiority for the huge and rapid-growth economic demand. Aluminum, as a mineral that China seriously depends on for imports, also demonstrated an upward trend due to the successful management of diversity of importing sources.
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Uliganets, Serhii I., Sergii Yu Syrovets, Nataliia S. Koroma, and Mykola A. Molochko. "A geographical dimension of resource endowment of Ukrainian territories." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given the multidisciplinary nature of this research, it is important to develop a common understanding of the security and complexity of the rational consumption of available minerals. Considerations for the availability and depletion of minerals are part of a diverse range of research focused on sustainable development, in areas such as resource critical shortage, life cycle assessment and material flow analysis. Mineral resources are non-renewable resources that provide humanity with a wide range of goods and services. Although their value has been recognized for millennia, their large-scale industrial production did not grow until after World War II due to efficient industrial production processes and rapidly growing demand due to demographic growth, urbanization and economic wealth growth in developed countries. The proposed research confirms the high level of supply of the territory of Ukraine with mineral resources. The objective idea of mineral and self-sufficiency of Ukraine, its inclusion in the top groups of the states most provided with the most valuable types of minerals is strengthened and the high level of availability of mineral resources in Ukraine in terms of its economic and geographical areas and regions is confirmed. At the same time, a number of mineral deposits in modern social and economic conditions are preserved and not used. For the first time, a cartographic interpretation of the periodic table of chemical elements (D. I. Menedeleev's table) is given, which is reinforced by data on the distribution of mineral resources and minerals in terms of selected groups of regions within the administrative regions of Ukraine. There are 33 chemical elements extracted from more than 100 mineral deposits. The provisions and conclusions of the article testify the mineral self-sufficiency of Ukraine and can act as a lever for developing strategies for socio-economic development of the United Territorial Communities (UTC) of Ukraine, which today are the new centers of management of territories and its resources. D. I. Mendeleev's table and its mineral content are positioned as an objective factor in the specialization of Ukraine and the international geographical division of labour. It is noted that the main advantages of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, including its structure, logic, objectivity, a system in relation to the economic and geographical regions of Ukraine are considered as an element of monitoring the mineral component of natural resources of the country, the lever of further development of exploratory geology and geomorphology. The information obtained from this research ultimately influences the future policies of the territories and its plans for the balanced use of available mineral reserves and can be used to promote the sustainable use of mineral resources in the regions.
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Ityokumbul, M. T., W. Bulani, and N. Kosaric. "Economic and Environmental Benefits from Froth Flotation Recovery of Titanium, Zirconium, Iron and Rare Earth Minerals from Oilsand Tailings." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1987): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The froth flotation recovery of titanium, zirconium, iron and rare earth minerals from oil-sand tailings and their further beneficiation are described in this paper. The recovery of rare earth mineral value from these tailings has not been reported previously due to their low concentrations. The economic value of all of these minerals recovered in this way has been estimated to be almost double the cost of full effective tailings management. Adoption of these processes can eliminate the current unsound practice of simply storing these tailings behind high dykes in large lagoons.
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Volkov, V., and L. Horoshkova. "PROBLEMS OF EXPORT-IMPORT OPERATIONS ACCOUNTING IN UKRAINE'S EXTRACTION FIELD." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4 (83) (2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.83.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article develops a systematic approach to the management of mining, using, export and import non-metallic minerals for construction considering the economic parameters of the development of the world market situation and the domestic market. The analysis showed that the classification of minerals used by the Public Service Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine, the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and Statistics of foreign economic activity - codes UKTZED - do not coincide that complicates the study process using these official sources. According to the results of the conducted researches, the indicators of the dynamics of minerals production in their natural and costly dimensions have been found to be inadequate. An analysis of dynamics and geographic structure of export-import operations was also conducted with natural sand, pebbles, gravel and breakstone. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the approach to formation of export minerals' flows is not rational, because it poses a threat to the financial state of the mining industry and the country. An analysis of the geographical structure of the export and import of natural sand, pebbles, gravel and breakstone allowed proposing the use of a systematic approach to rational extraction, the use of the country's mineral resources base, while taking into account export-import flows and the price conditions of the external and internal markets and taking into account the resource component of state security.
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Henry, Dermot A. "Classic Australian Minerals." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.18-28.
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Lasmanis, Raymond. "Minerals and Man." Rocks & Minerals 68, no. 2 (April 1993): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1993.9926535.
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Gait, Robert I. "African Type-Minerals." Rocks & Minerals 77, no. 1 (February 2002): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2002.9926652.
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Grant, Raymond, and Harvey Jong. "Arizona Type Minerals." Rocks & Minerals 87, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2012.639235.
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TILTON, JOHN E. "The New View of Minerals and Economic Growth." Economic Record 65, no. 3 (September 1989): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1989.tb00935.x.
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Davis, Graham A. "The minerals sector, sectoral analysis, and economic development." Resources Policy 24, no. 4 (December 1998): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(98)00034-8.
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Hu, Chaoquan, Yufei He, Dongfan Liu, Shuying Sun, Dianqing Li, Qingshan Zhu, and Jianguo Yu. "Advances in mineral processing technologies related to iron, magnesium, and lithium." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 36, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 107–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Exploitation and utilization of mineral resources have played a vital role in China’s rapid economic developments. Although the history of mineral processing is quite long, technologies in this field have varied with the changes of market demands. This is particularly the case for minerals whose high-grade deposits are depleting. The aim of this review is to present our recent efforts on developing new routes for the utilization of low-grade minerals, such as iron ores and brine-containing lithium. The emphasis on the two minerals lies in the fact that iron plays a vital role in modern-day civilization and lithium is a key component in electric vehicles for transportation. Furthermore, the utilization of magnesium chloride reserves, one of the largest wastes in western China, as raw materials for fabrication of functional materials is also included in this review.
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Šneideraitienė, Lina, and Daiva Žilionienė. "ASFALTO MIŠINIŲ AC 11 VS IR SMA 11 S SU SKIRTINGOMIS MINERALINĖMIS MEDŽIAGOMIS EKONOMINIO EFEKTO ANALIZĖ IR VERTINIMAS / ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ASPHALT MIXTURES AC 11 VS AND SMA 11 S WITH DIFFERENT GRADED AGGREGATES." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 11 (October 11, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2019.10588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The European building sector is facing a pressing issue of natural resources. Importing road building materials for the asphalt surfacing increases the cost of the asphalt mixture. The asphalt surfacing mixtures shall consist of a mixture of graded aggregates accounting for 80−90% of the total volume of the asphalt mixture, or 90−96% of the total weight of the asphalt mixture and binder: road bitumen or polymer modified bitumen. In the Republic of Lithuania, asphalt mixes are designed in accordance to the Design Regulations for Road Pavement Standardized Pavement Structures KP SDK 19 and accordance to the normative documents and their requirements for graded aggregates and binders. Road builders import graded aggregates to asphalt mixes from other countries, and this increases the cost of asphalt mixes. According to the scientific researches in the Lithuanian quarry Petrašiūnai II, using unique production technology is produced class I dolomite crushed stone, which mechanical, physical properties and designed asphalt mixtures can replace imported graded aggregates. The economic question remains as to the economic effect of the most commonly used asphalt mixtures in Lithuania AC 11 VS (asphalt mixture of asphalt pavement wearing course) and SMA 11 S (crushed and mastic asphalt) made from indigenous minerals compared to imported minerals. The aim of the paper is to perform the calculation and evaluation of the economic effect of asphalt mixtures AC 11 VS, SMA 11 S with different minerals and micro-aggregate. The paper identifies and analyses the properties of asphalt test mixtures, and identifies the locations of mineral suppliers in Lithuania. According to the economic impact assessment scheme, the economic effect of asphalt mixtures AC 11 VS, SMA 11 S with different minerals and micro-aggregate was calculated. According to the calculations made, the economic effect of producing asphalt mixtures AC 11 VS, SMA 11 S with class I dolomite chips is 13−14%.
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Broadley, Martin R., and Philip J. White. "Eats roots and leaves. Can edible horticultural crops address dietary calcium, magnesium and potassium deficiencies?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69, no. 4 (May 28, 2010): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665110001588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human individuals require at least 20 inorganic elements (‘minerals’) for normal functioning. However, much of the world's population is probably deficient in one or more essential minerals and at increased risk of physiological disorders. Addressing these ‘hidden hungers’ is a challenge for the nutrition and agriculture sectors. Mineral deficiencies among populations are typically identified from dietary surveys because (1) minerals are acquired primarily from dietary sources and (2) (bio)assays of mineral status can be unreliable. While dietary surveys are likely to under-report energy intakes, surveys show that 9% of all UK and US adults consume Ca and Mg, and 14% of adults consume K, at quantities below the UK lower reference nutrient intake, and are therefore at risk of deficiency. Low dietary Ca, Mg and K intakes can be caused by energy-malnourishment and by cultural and economic factors driving dietary conservatism. For example, cereal grains routinely displace vegetables and fruits in the diet. Cereal grains have low concentrations of several minerals, notably Ca, as a consequence of their physiology. Low grain mineral concentrations are compounded when cereal crops are grown in soils of low mineral phytoavailability and when grain is processed. In this paper, the impact of increased vegetable consumption and horticultural biofortification, i.e. enhancing crop mineral content through breeding and agronomy, on intakes of the major minerals Ca, Mg and K is assessed. Despite low energy intake from horticultural crops generally, increased vegetable consumption and biofortification would significantly improve dietary intakes of Ca, Mg and K.
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Zurian, Oleg, and A. F. Liashok. "Indicators of reserves and extraction of combustible minerals in Ukraine from 2013 to 2018 from the standpoint of technical analysis." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2019.3.30-39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Combustible minerals have a special position among others due to the fact that they are a source of substantial energy. This article outlines details of establishment in Ukraine of minerals nomenclature related to combustible minerals, and provides a list of corresponding State reserves of minerals. The article also defines trends of aposteriory changes of the outlined indicators during the period from 2013 through 2018 (and for extraction – from 2012 through 2017) in order to obtain in the future a possibility of considering the impact of other economic and organizational factors and to detect generalized regularities in the industry’s development in terms of prospects of combustible minerals extraction. This article describes the general basic features of the technical and fundamental analysis with references to works of founders of the American school of the technical and fundamental analysis. The article provides the analysis of dynamic ranks of data on reserves, the number of fields and extraction of combustible minerals during the period from 2013 to 2018 in Ukraine according to generalized information on condition of reserves of minerals laid out on the website “Mineral Resources of Ukraine”. The article also contains specific generalized data of results of analyses which are based on processing of tabular data and graphic charts. We created data tables based on processing of posteriori trends with application of standard tools and Excel calculation techniques. The article describes the main details of analysis tools and mechanisms based on Excel calculations, as well as corresponding applied dependencies, specific details of rows development for data about reserves of combustible mineral varieties and combustible mineral reserves being under exploitation. The article contains tables of source data that were applied for generalization and analysis. In this article we provide conclusions concerning dynamics of changes of indicators of reserves, the number of fields and extraction of combustible minerals.
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Liu, Yi Zheng, and Bing Zhang. "The Study on Mineral Resources Crisis and Industrial Economic Development Based on Information Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mineral resources are the material basis of national economic construction and people's living standards, In China more than 80% of the energy and industrial raw materials from the mineral resources, and its total ranked third in the world, while the per capita amount is less than half the world average, and is very resource scarce countries. Its reserves of mineral resources are limited, supply is limited, is a non-renewable resource. With the continuous development and utilization constantly dropped, it has exhaustible. Under certain technical conditions, continued exploitation of resources of a mineral resource reserves will gradually approaches zero. In other words, when the abundance of minerals continue to reduce, development costs continue to rise, so that the quantity demanded tends to zero, the state reached exhaustion.
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Cook, Robert B. "Introduction to Tucson 2022: Celebrating Apatite-Supergroup Minerals & Fluorescent Minerals." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.1989945.
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Bariatska, N. V. "The concept of critical minerals as a mean of stimulate the development of subsoil use in Ukraine." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2020.2.13-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Developed countries use a list of critical minerals to identify and stimulate priority areas for the mineral resource base development. The article provides an overview and main features of the terms “critical minerals”, “critical elements”, “critical commodities”, “critical materials”, “critical elements”. The criticality parameters (indicators) are supply risk and economic importance, production concentration, changing the size of the market and geological resources, market dynamics (changing prices). Various methods for assessment the criticality of minerals are analyzed in the article. Lists of critical minerals USA, Australia, EU, Canada are compared. The amount and names of critical minerals vary from region to region and may change over time. An analogue of “critical minerals” was “strategic minerals”, which existed in Ukrainian law until 2016. This term was inherited from the USSR and implies minerals, which are mainly used in the military industry. Following the example of developed countries, the legitimization and application of the concept and list of critical minerals can be a mechanism to stimulate the development of certain areas of geological exploration and mining. For this, it is necessary to determine the list of critical minerals, adapting the existing world advanced methods. Obviously, this requires special research, including marketing studies, but we can preliminarily assume which minerals will make the list and which are candidate minerals. Most likely, the list of critical minerals for Ukraine will differ significantly from the list of strategic minerals. Providing of such list in law would give certain advantages and preferences (in particular tax) to companies that perform geological exploration and mining of listed minerals in Ukraine.
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Tvrdý, Jaromír, Zdeněk Dolníček, Jana Ulmanová, Ondřej Krátký, and Michal Nekl. "REE minerály fenitů čistecko-jesenického masivu (Česká republika)." Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie 29, no. 2 (2021): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.46861/bmp.29.297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alkaline metasomatites (fenites) originated by pervasive Na metasomatism of granitoids of the Čistá-Jesenice Pluton (belonging to the Teplá-Barrandian unit in the NW part of the Bohemian Massif) contain a rich association of REE-bearing minerals. The occurrence of REE carbonates (bastnäsite, parisite), monazite, rhabdophane, churchite, fergusonite and pyrochlore was found in relatively weakly altered rocks (typical fenites), whereas much richer assemblage was observed in rocks which underwent the strongest metasomatism (so called reomorphic cancrinite-nepheline syenites). Here, the mineral assemblage includes in addition to all above mentioned minerals also xenotime and REE silicates, including tritomite/melanocerite, allanite, perbøeite, gadolinite and a Mn-analogue of hingganite. A common mineral phase is zircon in these rocks, too. Cerium, yttrium, and to lesser extent also lanthanum are dominating cations in the studied REE phases. A total of 24 mineral species was identified, including three unnamed phases. In most of the studied phases, the level of fractionation of REEs is high, exceptionally even extreme. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of some phases are characterized by a pronounced M-type tetrad effect. The results of microprobe analyses suggest that individual minerals originated during several episodes, characterized by different chemical composition of the mineral-forming medium (especially with contrasting concentrations of strong REE-complexing ligands and oxygen fugacity) and/or temperature. We did not find any significant differences in chemistry of individual minerals present in various rock types showing different levels of metasomatic alteration. The obtained data are consistent with hydrothermal origin of most (if not all) reported REE-bearing phases. The material source and genesis of the studied REE+Nb+Zr mineralization was in all probability associated with hydrothermal activity in the exocontact of a deep-seated hypothetical carbonatite intrusion, as was suggested already in earlier works dealing with these remarkable rocks.
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C. O., Amosu, and Adeosun T.A. "Solid Minerals Blueprint for Sustainable Local Prospects and Development." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijee.c1821.051322.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Moving from a much more sustainable social, environmental and economic system confronts the government, the community, the people and the industry. There is far-reaching conceptualization of the necessity for minerals. The present status and blend for the production of minerals may well not be absolutely demanded by a more sustainable economy. But beneath any reasonable definition of necessity, there will be a significant need for some mineral products deep in the nearest future. In the recent world beamed with the rays of extremely competitiveness in which economic attainments rely widely on the ability to be innovative; Nigeria is only clamouring to attain a better innovation outcome. Irrespective of being one of the under-developed nations, globally, Nigeria still stands a strong dynamic Black- Africa by position of its headcount census and the economy. This study assessed the inherent innovation and endowment in Nigeria.
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Petrov, Dmitry, Svetlana Ryzhkova, and Irina Gembitskaya. "Rare minerals of noble metals in the collection of the Mining Museum: new data." Записки Горного института 255 (July 26, 2022): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2022.42.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern analytical methods (optical and electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis) were used to study the unique samples of sulfide ores from the Norilsk ore field from the Mining Museum collections of Saint Petersburg Mining University. Samples containing rare minerals of silver and platinum-group metals (sobolevskite, urvantsevite, sperrylite, argentopentlandite, froodite, kotulskite, and others) were studied. The chemical composition, grain sizes, aggregates, and mineral associations of more than ten noble metal minerals have been refined. The efficiency of combining various methods of electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis for studying samples of this type is shown. The results of the work made it possible to obtain high-quality images of rare minerals, to detail information on museum objects, and to compile their scientific description. The conducted research showed the relevance of studying museum objects from known deposits of complex genesis and mineral composition in order to find and describe the samples with rare minerals.
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Gonçalves Tibiriçá, Luciana. "A cadeia produtiva mineral da areia em Goiás." Ateliê Geográfico 12, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v12i1.46217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumo
A areia possui ampla utilização, o que denota a importância econômica deste minério, reconhecido pelo Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral como de utilização imediata e que, portanto, possui concessão simplificada, via licenciamento. A mineração como agente de contribuição para construção civil é apresentada neste artigo como um dos fatores importantes para a elevada quantidade de areia atualmente extraída em Goiás. Com uma relevante quantidade de mineral extraído e comercializado dentre os chamados minerais não metálicos, a mineração de areia tem ainda impacto social, já que os dados oficiais consideram apenas a extração legal. Porém sabe-se que existem diversas fontes de extração informal de areia. A relevância econômica da extração areeira não faz com que haja, por parte do Estado, controle efetivo seja nos aspectos minerais ou ambientais. Isto traz comprometimento ao planejamento urbano dos municípios, passivos ambientais aos cursos de água, além de perdas sociais, considerando-se os aspectos laborais, acrescentando-se as perdas econômicas, como os impostos CFEM e ICMS.
Palavras-Chave: Areia; Extração Mineral; Economia
Abstract
Sand is wide use material, that denote the economic importance of the ore, recognized by the Brazilian National Department of Mineral Production as a kind of material for immediate utilization, which has a simplified concession, through licensing. Mining as a contribution for building construction is presented in this paper as one of the important factors for the high quantity of sand extracted in the state of Goiás (Brazil). With a relevant amount of extracted ore and marketed among so-called non-metallic minerals, sand has still a social impact, whereas the official data consider only legal extraction. However it is known that there are several sources of informal sand extraction. The economic relevance of the sand extraction does not mean that, on the part of the State, effective control on the mineral or environmental aspects. This implies a commitment to the urban planning of municipalities, environmental liabilities to waterways, in addition to social losses, considering the labor aspects, adding economic losses, such as CFEM and ICMS taxes.
Keywords: Sand; Mineral Extraction; Economy
Resumen
La arena tiene amplio uso, denotando la importancia económica de este mineral, reconocido por el Departamento Nacional de Producción Mineral como de uso inmediato y tienen derecho a subvención simplificada, a través de la concesión de licencias. A minería como un agente que contribuye para la construcción civil se presenta en este artículo como uno de los factores importantes para la gran cantidad de arena extraído en Goiás. Con una relevante cantidad de mineral extraído y comercializado entre los llamados minerales no metálicos, la arena tiene aún impacto social, ya que los datos oficiales sólo contemplan la extracción legal. Pero se sabe que existen diversas fuentes de extracción informal de arena. La relevancia económica de la extracción de arena no hace que haya, por parte del Estado, control efectivo en los aspectos minerales o ambientales. Esto trae dificultades a las planificaciones urbanas de las municipalidades, pasivos ambientales a los cursos de agua, además de pérdidas sociales, considerando los aspectos laborales y añadiendo las pérdidas económicas, como los impuestos CFEM e ICMS.
Palabras clave: Arena; Extracción Mineral; Economía
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Christy, Andrew G., Igor V. Pekov, and Sergey V. Krivovichev. "The Distinctive Mineralogy of Carbonatites." Elements 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.17.5.333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mineralogy of carbonatites reflects both the diversity of the sources of their parent magmas and their unusual chemistry. Carbonatites contain diverse suites of both primary magmatic minerals and later hydrothermal products. We present a summary of the variety of minerals found in carbon-atites, and note the economic importance of some of them, particularly those that are major sources of “critical elements”, such as Nb and rare earth elements (REEs), which are essential for modern technological applications. Selected mineral groups are then discussed in detail: the REE carbonates, the alkali-rich ephemeral minerals that are rarely preserved but that may be important in the petrogenesis of carbonatites and their metasomatic haloes in adjacent rocks, and the Nb-rich oxides of the pyrochlore supergroup.
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Byrne, Laurann, and Richard A. Murphy. "Relative Bioavailability of Trace Minerals in Production Animal Nutrition: A Review." Animals 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12151981.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The importance of dietary supplementation of animal feeds with trace minerals is irrefutable, with various forms of both organic and inorganic products commercially available. With advances in research techniques, and data obtained from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies in recent years, differences between inorganic and organic trace minerals have become more apparent. Furthermore, differences between specific organic mineral types can now be identified. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, we carried out an extensive literature search on previously published studies detailing performance responses to trace minerals, in addition to their corresponding relative bioavailability values. This review covers four of the main trace minerals included in feed: copper, iron, manganese and zinc, and encompasses the different types of organic and inorganic products commercially available. Their impact from environmental, economic, and nutritional perspectives are discussed, along with the biological availability of various mineral forms in production animals. Species-specific sections cover ruminants, poultry, and swine. Extensive relative bioavailability tables cover values for all trace mineral products commercially available, including those not previously reviewed in earlier studies, thereby providing a comprehensive industry reference guide. Additionally, we examine reasons for variance in reported relative bioavailability values, with an emphasis on accounting for data misinterpretation.