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1
Rustomjee, Zavareh Zal Rustom. "The political economy of South African industrialisation : the role of the minerals-energy complex." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1993. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29566/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis provides an original interpretation of the trajectory of South Africa's post-war industrialisation by emphasising the role played by the economy's Minerals-Energy Complex (MEC). The MEC is viewed as a system of accumulation, encompassing a number of core economic sectors and imparting a determining influence on the pattern of industrialisation and economic performance. The development of the MEC has been mediated by relationships between English and Afrikaner fractions of capital through the state, giving rise to a conglomerate form of private and public corporate structure, straddling the mining, manufacturing and financial sectors. By examining the MEC empirically, through primary and secondary material from the inter-war period to the present day, it is shown that past debates over the rhythm of industrialisation have been based, both on a false perception of the pattern of (import-substituting) industrialisation'and on a partial and even false recognition of how industrial policy has been adopted and implemented. Contrary to conventional wisdom, there was capability in capital goods and other industries in and around the MEC but their potential scope has not been exploited through coherent industrial policy. In the 1950s, efforts at diversification were hampered by the objective of creating large-scale Afrikaner capital. Foreign disinvestment after 1961 opened new opportunities for domestic investment, while the disjuncture between large-scale English and Afrikaner capital narrowed as the former assisted the latter to enter gold mining and as further interpenetration between the two occurred. Policies of strengthening the MEC followed the gold and energy price rise in the 1970s, while the crisis of the 1980s precluded policies of industrial diversification from being implemented. Consequently, the industrial structure and institutional impetus that represent the MEC continue to guide South Africa's industrial trajectory into the 1990s.
2
Aldagheiri, Mohammed Ibrahim. "Economic diversification in resource abundant economies : the case of the minerals industry in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The macro-economy of Saudi Arabia has been dominated by oil exports which between 1970 and 1995 accounted for more than 85 percent of total export earnings. Due to the fact that oil is an exhaustible resource, the price of which fluctuates considerably, and is produced in an enclave economy, the Saudi Arabian government had recognized the need to diversity their economy away from oil as the main source of income. Since the oil price crashed, in 1986, the Saudi Arabian government has adopted a new policy to develop non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture and more recently, non-oil minerals. This study focuses on the minerals sector in Saudi Arabia which is considered one of the economic activities which has already started to achieve the strategic goal of economic diversification away from oil activities as the main source of national income. Considerable attention has been paid to the large reserves of strategic minerals that have been found such as, phosphate and bauxite. Mining has been embraced by the Saudi government not only to diversify the national economy, but also to stimulate the economy, generate employment opportunities, attract foreign capital, and encourage citizens to invest their money. Therefore, an exploitation of these minerals requires a high demand for transportation infrastructure, the provision of which has become a necessity. The development of transportation infrastructure plays an important role in the economic development of a country, and therefore the railway is considered an economic lifeline for minerals development in the Kingdom, as it will facilitate the transport of raw materials and provide mobility for workers to reach the work place and products to the market place. Moreover, it should facilitate the diversification of the national economy and has the potential to be a powerful instrument in promoting long-term growth and employment.
3
Kegley, Dalton Curtis. "Economic Potential of Rare Earth Elements Within Accessory Minerals of Granitic Pegmatite Mine Tailings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rare Earth elements (REEs) are economically important due to their critical applications within multiple industries. This study investigates the Spruce Pine district of North Carolina, testing the economic feasibility of repurposing current mine waste tailings as a rare earth element resource. Spruce Pine is home to several active quartz and feldspar mining operations, with large waste tailing piles generated during the separation process for quartz and feldspar. The mineralogy, composition, and REE budget of the tailings was examined to assess the economic viability of rare earth element extraction. The local geology includes a series of muscovite class pegmatites of Devonian age (390 Ma), intruded into the primarily amphibolite-grade units of the Ashe and Alligator Back formations (Wood, 1996). The waste tailing piles of two on-going quartz mining operations were sampled to evaluate the potential economic feasibility of rare earth element extraction from key accessory phases, including apatite, remaining from the initial separation process. Sample characterization utilized laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of this investigation support the conclusion that, at the current recovery rate, price of rare earth elements, and cost of refinement, economic recovery of REE from the studied tailings is not viable. However, yttrium and dysprosium offer the highest potential for economic recovery. If some combination of improvements to the extraction process, reduction in refinement cost, or increases in price occur, yttrium and dysprosium are sufficiently abundant that extraction could become economically viable.Master of Science
Rare Earth elements (REEs) are comprised of the Lanthanide series of elements as well as yttrium and scandium. REEs are economically important due to their critical applications within multiple industries. Current uses include electronics, magnets, lasers, electric motors, optical fibers, nuclear reactor control rods, visual displays, etc. Although the demand for REEs is high, the current sourcing of REEs is quite scarce. This study investigates the Spruce Pine district of North Carolina, testing the economic feasibility of repurposing current mine waste tailings as a rare earth element resource. Spruce Pine is home to several active quartz and feldspar mining operations, with large waste tailing piles generated during the separation process for quartz and feldspar. The mineralogy, composition and REE budget of the tailings was examined to assess the economic viability of rare earth element extraction. The waste tailing piles of two on-going quartz mining operations were sampled to evaluate the potential economic feasibility of rare earth element extraction from key accessory phases, including apatite, remaining from the initial separation process. The results of this investigation support the conclusion that, at the current recovery rate, price of rare earth elements, and cost of refinement, economic recovery of REE from the studied tailings is not viable. However, yttrium and dysprosium offer the highest potential for economic recovery. If some combination of improvements to the extraction process, reduction in cost of refinement, or increase in price were to occur, yttrium and dysprosium are sufficiently abundant that extraction could become economically viable.
4
Gurdon, Charles G. "The role of non-hydrocarbon minerals in the Arab Middle East : with special reference to the use of indigenous minerals in regional economic development." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1989. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29486/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter One provides an introduction to the thesis and outlines a theoretical model of an impact study which enables the economic role of mining to be studied in the subsequent chapters. Chapter Two first analyses the geological formation of the Arab Middle East and then outlines the major nonhydrocarbon mineral deposits in the region. Chapter Three provides a brief history of mining in the region before reviewing current mineral production in each country. Chapter Four examines employment in the mining sector and highlights the differences between the countries of the region. Chapter Five deals with the volume and direction of mineral trade including downstream mineral products. Chapter Six uses the impact model to analyse the role of the mining sector in the national economies of the Arab Middle East. It shows that its role is significantly more important than it might initially appear. Chapter Seven studies the role of mining in regional economic development. It concentrates on four regions in the Arab Middle East which illustrate the various stages of mineral development. These are the Algerian-Tunisian frontier region, central Jordan, northern Oman and the Red Sea Hills of Sudan. Chapter Eight draws the strands of the thesis together and provides specific conclusions before suggesting future areas of research on non-hydrocarbon mining in the Arab Middle East.
5
Adlakha, Erin Elizabeth. "The Paragenesis and Chemical Variation of Alteration Minerals Associated with Basement Rocks of the P2 Fault and the McArthur River Uranium Deposit, Athabasca Basin, Northern Saskatchewan, Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The P2 reverse fault in the metasedimentary basement rocks of the eastern Athabasca Basin is the main structural control of the world-class McArthur River uranium deposit. The earliest preserved assemblage along the fault is oxy-dravite, rutile, quartz, pyrite and graphite. This assemblage formed at temperatures of up to 890 °C, during regional metamorphism or a thermal event at ~1.75 Ga. The exhumation and surface exposure of the rocks was accompanied by paleo-weathering, and the deposition of the Athabasca sandstones. Diagenetic fluids of the sandstones altered the basement rocks to form Sr-Ca-SO42- rich aluminum phosphate sulfate (APS) minerals + hematite ± kaolin. The onset of hydrothermal activity along the basement and the P2 fault is recorded by local anatase at 1569 ± 31 Ma. Uraniferous fluid formed an assemblage of sudoite illite, magnesio-foitite and LREE+P rich APS minerals (rims earlier diagenetic-type APS minerals) along the entire P2 fault. Magnesio-foitite exhibits a high X-site vacancy (0.70 – 0.85 apfu) and contains high Al in its Y-site (0.70 – 1.12 apfu), suggesting that magnesio-foitite likely replaced kaolin. The REE pattern of magnesio-foitite is similar to that of uraninite (CeN
6
Al-Attas, Abdullah M. "The role of the non-oil minerals sector in the economic growth of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/760/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The macroeconomy of Saudi Arabia has been dominated by oil exports which between 1970 and 1995 accounted for more than 85% of total export earnings. Due to the fact that oil is an exhaustible resource, the price of which fluctuates considerably, and is produced in an enclave economy, the Saudi Arabian government had recognised the needs to diversify their economy away from oil as the main source of income. Since the oil price crashed in 1986, the Saudi Arabian government has adopted a new policy to develop non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture and more recently, non-oil minerals. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the non-oil minerals sector to the economic growth of Saudi Arabia during the period 1970-1995, using three different approaches. These approaches are the export portfolio approach, the input-output approach and the Dutch disease approach. The empirical findings of this study show the following: 1. A non-oil export portfolio analysis provided guidance to the Saudi Arabian planners who seek simultaneously to reduce export earnings instability and achieve economic growth. An increase in the volume of machinery and transport equipment commodities could produce an optimum portfolio due to both price trends and stability of price over time. Other exports, including non-oil mineral commodities, are unstable and have relatively negative price trends. 2. Even though preliminary results indicate that the non-oil minerals sector has a relatively low integration with other sectors, when the impact of inducing final demand is taken into account, this sector shows the highest income and the second highest employment multipliers. These results indicate that if this sector were to be stimulated by increasing final demand, it may well generate more income and employment than other sectors. Therefore, the application of an input-output approach was extended further to estimate the impact of three new promising nonoil mineral projects on the Saudi Arabian economy. Moreover, the construction and operation phase's multipliers reflect the potential of the non-oil minerals sector. 3 With regard to the effect of a boom in one sector of the economy on the rest of the sectors, the oil sector boom in the 1970s in the case of Saudi Arabia conforms very closely with the assumptions of the Dutch disease theory.
7
Olivier, Laurentz Eugene. "On lights-out process control in the minerals processing industry." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59322.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of lights-out process control is explored in this work (specifically pertaining to the minerals processing industry). The term is derived from lights-out manufacturing, which is used in discrete component manufacturing to describe a fully automated production line, i.e. with no human intervention. Lights-out process control is therefore defined as the fully autonomous operation of a processing plant (as achieved through automatic process control), without operator interaction.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
Unrestricted
8
Brennan, Michael Brendan. "The genesis of ilmenite-rich heavy mineral deposits in the Bothaville/Delmas area, and an economic analysis of titanium, with particular reference to the Dwarsfontein deposit, Delmas district." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A number of ilmenite-rich heavy mineral deposits occur along the northern margin of the intracratonic Karoo basin, and are hosted by the fluvio-deltaic Middle Ecca Group. Coastal reworking of delta front sands within a regressive, microtidal shoreline may be considered as a depositional model for the development of the heavy mineral deposits. An economic analysis of titanium suggests long term positive demand, and sustained high prices for this commodity. An evaluation of the Dwarsfontein ilmenite-rich heavy mineral deposit, using available data, indicates how important it is for deposits of this type to be situated close to an upgrading plant or export harbour.
9
Heyns, Anri. "Empowerment through mine community development: how the politics of development perpetuate poverty in mining areas – a legal theoretical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (“MPRDA”) and the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining and Minerals Industry (“Mining Charter”), created in terms of the MPRDA, aim to address the exploitative legacies of past discriminatory practices in the mining industry. Impoverished mining communities stand to benefit from empowerment under the Mining Charter in the form of mine community development – one of the elements that constitute a mining right holder's commitment under the Mining Charter. Despite this legislative intervention and the relative wealth generated by the extraction of mineral resources, poverty and conflict have become the stereotypical images associated with mining areas. This project aims to determine why the empowerment of mining communities through mine community development perpetuates poverty from the past and creates new inequalities. To answer this main question, it is considered how the historical context within which the relevant policy and legislation were created, affected legislative drafting. Second, the effects of promoting development and empowerment in legislative provisions are explored to determine which worldviews and underlying values are being promoted by the legislative instruments under discussion. Furthermore, it is considered how these worldviews and underlying values affect how mining communities, subjected to harsh socio-economic living conditions, are depicted in legislative provisions. Here, it is specifically considered what the notion of “community” signifies in a development context and how “community” is represented in legislation. The thesis is a theoretical exposition of the ideological assumptions underlying the concepts “development”, “empowerment”, “community” and “poverty”. It is shown that “mine community development” is an inherently contradictory notion in South African law. The development paradigm implies the universalisation of values, effectively creating “the poor”, and causing vagueness and paradoxes. It results not only in a perpetuation of poverty and inequality from the past but also in the creation of new inequalities, as is evident in the differentiation drawn by the Mining Charter between different types of communities in mining areas. Measures currently being enforced by the legislation under discussion, are in desperate need of reconsideration.
10
Moribame, Thapelo Tebogo. "Utilisation of mineral rent and the diversified growth of the Botswana economy." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study analyses the relationship between mineral rent and Botswana’s economic diversification. The analysis is done by; 1) providing an overview of Botswana’s economy and development, 2) explaining the economics of minerals, 3) describing Botswana’s mineral economy, 4) examining how mineral rent is generated and utilised in Botswana, 5) analysing the economic diversification of Botswana, 6) investigating constraints faced by Botswana in diversifying the economy, and 7) concluding by offering recommendations that can assist policy makers with decisions regarding economic diversification. The economic value of minerals is measured by the rent they earn. Rent is profit above the normal return on total investment and is due to the scarcity of minerals. Management of minerals to achieve sustainability requires that rent is recovered through various taxes and be invested in economic activities that can provide income and employment for the future generation. In Botswana, mineral rent is generated from royalty payments, profit taxes and withholding tax on remitted dividends. Total resource rent was estimated at P160 million in 1979, but by the 2008/09 financial year, rent had increased by more than tenfold and was estimated at P10.56 billion. Diamond mining generates most of the rent and accounts for most of all the economic value of minerals, between 98 percent and 99 percent from 2004 and 2009. Copper nickel is the second most important resource after diamonds with a contribution that is between 1.03 percent and 1.34 percent of total resource rent in the 2007/08 and 2008/09 financial years. Coal, gold and soda ash are much less valuable from an economic perspective. In the 1973/74 financial year, the mining industry contributed about 34 percent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current prices and a high of 48 percent in 2000/01, although contribution declined to 40 percent in 2007/08. The mining industry contributed about 90 percent to total exports in 2001. In the same year, diamonds contributed about 85 percent to total exports and about 95 percent to the mining sector’s exports. Since minerals took centre stage in the economy of Botswana, rent has been utilised to acquire foreign reserves abroad and finance development priorities such as the provision of health care, education and infrastructure. Part of the rent is also used to develop economic diversification through targeted initiatives that increase private sector involvement in economic activity. Even though that is the case, the Ogive Index shows that from 1973 to 2009, economic diversification has taken place, but at a slow pace. Slow economic diversification is a result of structural problems such as; a small domestic economy, high transportation costs, high cost of doing business, not fully benefitting from regional trade and vulnerability to transitional challenges like the economic crisis’. To overcome these problems, Botswana should benchmark in other mineral-rich countries to address internal capacity problems and production deficiencies. The country should also strive to benefit from international trade at a bilateral, regional and multilateral level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is die verhouding tussen mineraalontginningsurplus en Botswana se ekonomiese diversifikasie ontleed. Hierdie ontleding is gedoen deur 1) ’n oorsig te bied van Botswana se ekonomie en ontwikkeling; 2) die ekonomie van minerale te verduidelik; 3) Botswana se mineraalekonomie te beskryf; 4) die manier waarop mineraalontginningsurplus in Botswana gegenereer en benut word, te ondersoek; 5) die ekonomiese diversifikasie van Botswana te ontleed; 6) beperkings waarvoor Botswana te staan kom in die diversifikasie van die ekonomie te ondersoek; en 7) af te sluit met aanbevelings wat beleidmakers kan help met besluite oor ekonomiese diversifikasie. Die ekonomiese waarde van minerale word gemeet deur die ontginningsurplus wat dit verdien. Ontginningsurplus is wins bo die normale rendement van die totale belegging en is in gebruik weens die skaarste van minerale. Die bestuur van minerale vir volhoubaarheid vereis dat ontginningsurplus deur verskeie soorte belasting verhaal word en in ekonomiese aktiwiteite belê word wat inkomste en werkverskaffing vir die toekomstige generasies kan verskaf. In Botswana word mineraalontginningsurplus uit tantièmebetaling, winsbelasting en terughoubelasting op geremitteerde dividende gegenereer. Die totale hulpbronontginningsurplus is in 1979 op P160 miljoen geraam, maar teen die 2008/09- finansiële jaar het die ontginningsurplus tienvoudig vermeerder en is dit op P10.56 biljoen geraam. Diamantontginning genereer die meeste van die ontginningsurplus en is verantwoordelik vir die grootste gedeelte van die totale ekonomiese waarde van minerale – tussen 98% en 99% vanaf 2004 tot 2009. Nikkeliet is die tweede belangrikste hulpbron ná diamante,met ’n bydrae van tussen 1.03% en 1.34% van die totale hulpbronontginningsurplus in die 2007/08- en 2008/09- finansiële jaar. Steenkool, goud en soda-as is aansienlik minder waardevol vanuit ’n ekonomiese perspektief. In die 1973/74- finansiële jaar het die mynwese ongeveer 34% tot die bruto binnelandse produk (BBP) teen huidige pryse bygedra, met ’n hoogtepunt van 48% in 2000/01, alhoewel die bydrae tot 40% in 2007/08 afgeneem het. Die mynwese het ongeveer 90% tot totale uitvoere in 2001 bygedra. In dieselfde jaar het diamante ongeveer 85% tot totale uitvoere en ongeveer 95% tot die mynbedryf se uitvoere bygedra. Sedert minerale die kern van Botswana se ekonomie begin vorm het, is ontginningsurplus gebruik om buitelandse reserwes te verkry en ontwikkelingsprioriteite, soos die verskaffing van gesondheidsorg, opvoeding en infrastruktuur, te finansier. ’n Gedeelte van die ontginningsurplus word ook gebruik om ekonomiese diversifikasie te ontwikkel deur teikeninisiatiewe wat die privaat sektor se betrokkenheid by ekonomiese aktiwiteit bevorder. Ten spyte hiervan, toon die Ogive-index dat ekonomiese diversifikasie wel van 1973 tot 2009 plaasgevind het, maar dat dit teen ’n stadige pas geskied het. Stadige ekonomiese diversifikasie is ’n gevolg van strukturele probleme soos ’n klein binnelandse ekonomie, hoë vervoerkoste, hoë sakekoste, streekshandel waaruit voordeel nie ten volle verkry word nie en kwesbaarheid vir oorgangsuitdagings soos die ekonomiese krisis. Botswana moet met ander mineraalryk lande normeer om interne kapasiteitsprobleme en produksiegebreke die hoof te bied. Die land moet ook daarna streef om op ’n bilaterale, streeks- en multilaterale vlak uit internasionale handel munt te slaan.
11
Aron, Janine. "Economic policy in a mineral-dependent economy : the case of Zambia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333241.
Повний текст джерела
12
Teixeira, Hilda Renck. "Novas qualificações para cargas e aditivos minerais, repercussões na industria extrativa mineral e efeitos economicos adjacentes." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador : Saul Barisnik SuslickDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Este trabalho é um estudo da evolução da indústria mineral nas suas últimas décadas, no contexto da modernização industrial, que modificou de forma radical os padrões de relação matéria-prima /produto final no sistema produtivo dos países desenvolvidos.São analisados os principais constrangimentos de ordem ambiental e energética que impulsionaram essas mudanças.O conceito de ¿Commodity¿ x ¿Speciality¿ é evocado para explicar a mudança no fluxo de aproveitamento dos bens minerais, considerados aqui como bens intermediários e substitutos da produção industrial.A escolha do bem mineral caulim, como um indicador dessas transformações, justifica-se pelo fato de que o Brasil pode vir a tornar-se um grande competidor no mercado internacional de especialidades para o setor papeleiro, dada a disponibilidade e qualidade superior de seus jazimentos
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to analyze the evolution of the mineral industry in the last two decades based upon the new environment of industrial modernization. This environment created radical changes in the pattern of the raw material/final product relationships of the productive system of developed economies.The environment and energetic constraints related to those changes were evaluated based upon of mentioned framework.The concept of ¿Commodity¿ vis ¿Speciality¿ is used to explain the flow changes in the mineral products activity, considering mineral product as an intermediate product and substitutes in the industrial production.The final choice of kaolin as an indicator for those changes were based upon the actual good opportunities for the country for competition in the international market of specialities for paper industry, as well as availability of premiun grade kaolin reserves in Brazil
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
13
Bordonalli, Sergio Paulo. "Potencial tecnico e economico da industria do caulim : monitoração e um ensaio de projeções para a proxima decada." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Iran Ferreira MachadoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O mercado de minerais industriais tem sido representado com cada vez mais destaque no cenário mineral mundial e, sem dúvida, o mercado de caulim é um dos mais interessantes de ser estudado. As atuais especificações, a competitividade do mercado e a concorrência de outros minerais brancos vêm tomando fundamental o incremento das relações de parceria produtor-consumidor. Esta dissertação, visando atender essa necessidade, apresenta por meio das análises da estrutura da oferta, da monitoração da disponibilidade primária e da demanda, o potencial técnico e econômico dessa indústria. No final são apresentados os resultados de uma tentativa de previsão do consumo de caulim para a próxima década por meio de um modelo econométrico da demanda norte-americana e também seus reflexos no consumo mundial
Abstract: The industrial minerais market has been given increasing importance in the world mining industry and the market for kaolin is one of most interesting to study. The current specifications and the competitiveness in this market as well as among other white minerais has resulted in intensive relationship between producer and customer. In order to answer this need, this dissertation shows the technical and economic potential of this industry by way of supply structure, monitoring analysis and demando Finally, an attempt is made to model the kaolin consumption in the USA for the year of 2000, and assess its influence in the demand worldwide
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
14
Galebotswe, Obonye. "Industrialization in a small open mineral-based economy : the case of Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: pages 71-75.After more than two decades of phenomenal economic expansion, Botswana now faces the challenge of slowing economic growth, rising unemployment and increasing poverty. The minerals sector, which dominated economic growth since the late seventies, has served the economy well in the past, but social and economic developments have reached a juncture where the broad strategic direction of the economy needs to be re-evaluated. The need to diversify the economy to reduce its reliance on mineral commodities has long been acknowledged by government. One of the sectors of the economy earmarked for diversification was the manufacturing sector. However, in spite of government efforts to promote this industry, the sector's contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has remained small and even declined in recent years. An investigation into those structural features of the economy which are responsible for this record and impose limitations on the sectors' future development is therefore of great relevance. This study attempts such an investigation by focusing mainly on one aspect of the problem: those features related to booms in the minerals sector. More specifically, the study examines the effect of the real exchange rate and real wage rate movements. It also uses case study and survey data to gain insight into other major factors responsible for industrial development and to corroborate the conclusions reached on the basis of macro-economic data. The data collected suggest that Botswana has managed its mineral windfalls relatively well. It shows that the major effects through which mineral windfalls corrode competitiveness of industry -- real exchange rate appreciation and real wage rate increases have been successfully avoided. It is argued, therefore, that the country's industrial backwardness does not necessarily arise from booms in the mining sector. This conclusion is supported by the firm survey which found that low productivity, high utility costs and the lack of skilled labour to be the major impediments to industrial development. The study is intended as a contribution to understanding of the impact of mineral windfalls on the industrial development process in Botswana, but it also offers some policy prescriptions. The major policy recommendations that emerge are that wage rate increases should be tied to productivity improvements, productivity should be raised to international levels through training and the exchange rate be managed in such a manner that it does not undermine the ability of industry to compete in the Southern African Customs Union market.
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Brasil, Eric Universo Rodrigues. "O novo código de mineração no Brasil: uma análise econômica da compensação financeira sobre a exploração dos recursos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-01042016-093643/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Em junho de 2013, o Governo Federal enviou ao Congresso Nacional uma proposta para o novo marco regulatória da mineração. No entanto, críticos dessa proposta alegam que, caso o aumento dos royalties da mineração pretendido pelo Governo não ocorra no bojo de uma reforma tributária mais ampla, a nova carga tributária pode inflar demasiadamente o custo de extração de alguns minérios no Brasil, prejudicando sua inserção no mercado internacional e, consequentemente, desestimulando investimentos produtivos no país. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta tese é realizar uma análise econômica sobre a compensação financeira pela exploração dos recursos minerais no âmbito do novo Código de Mineração. Através de um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável, foram simulados os potenciais impactos do aumento na carga tributária incidente sobre a indústria de mineração, considerando seus efeitos sobre a economia nacional e sobre os principais estados brasileiros produtores de minério. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, apesar da queda no investimento e na produção da indústria mineral, o aumento dos gastos públicos regionais deve aquecer as economias locais, gerando renda e elevação de preços. Entretanto, o modelo adotado na simulação não considera que mudanças na base de cálculo da CFEM podem mudar o comportamento dos mineradores e que os novos recursos da compensação podem alterar a política fiscal dos governos contemplados. Para avaliar a primeira possibilidade, foram analisados modelos teóricos que indicam que o novo arcabouço regulatório está caminhando no sentido contrário da neutralidade do arranjo tributário, o que, a princípio, não é desejável. No entanto, tendo em vista que a assimetria de informação entre investidor privado e regulador também gera perdas ao poder público, sugere-se um arranjo alternativo para a CFEM, onde ela é composta por um componente fixo e um componente ad valorem, sendo que os valores pagos em cada modalidade pelo minerador devem ser definidos no leilão que atribuirá às jazidas minerais aos investidores interessados. Por fim, foram avaliados os impactos da CFEM na política fiscal dos municípios contemplados vis-à-vis o comportamento dos municípios não contemplados. Para isso, foram estimados diversos modelos econométricos elaboradas com base em um propensity score weighting espacial. São testados os efeitos da CFEM sobre o esforço fiscal dos municípios, sobre a contratação de empregados no setor público e sobre os gastos públicos correntes das prefeituras. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, em geral, as rendas da CFEM: (i) diminuem o esforço de arrecadação próprio dos municípios; (ii) aumentam a contratação de pessoal no setor público; e (iii) provocam uma expansão dos gastos públicos correntes significativamente maior do que aquela resultante de aumentos da renda per capita dos contribuintes, o chamado efeito flypaper. Com base nestes resultados, é sugerida a adoção de um Fundo de Recursos Soberanos para a administração federal dos recursos da CFEM, sendo que os estados e municípios beneficiados seriam cotistas do fundo, mas resgatariam os recursos sob algumas regras pré-definidasIn June 2013, the Brazilian Government sent to the Congress a proposal for the new regulatory framework of the mining sector, which includes an increase in royalties paid by mining companies. Critics of this proposal argue that this increase does not occur under a broader tax reform. Therefore, the new tax can rise the extraction cost of some minerals in Brazil, hampering the integration of companies into the international market and hence discouraging productive investment in the country. The aim of this thesis is to conduct an economic analysis of the financial compensation for the exploitation of mineral resources (CFEM) under the new Mining Code. Through a general equilibrium model, it simulated the potential impact of the increased royalties on the mining industry, considering their effects on the national economy as well as on the main Brazilian mining states. Results show that despite the falling investment and production on the mining industry, the rise of regional public spending should boost local economies, generating income and higher prices. However, the model adopted in the simulation does not take into account that changes in the CFEM\'s calculation basis can affect the behavior of miners and that the new revenues can change the fiscal policy of benefiting governments. In order to assess the first possibility, theoretical models were analyzed, whose results indicate that the new Mining Code is moving away from a neutral taxation arrangement, which is not desirable. However, since the information asymmetry between investor and regulator also generates losses to the government, it is suggested a new alternative, which consists in a two-component CFEM: a fixed one and a variable one. The proportions of each component should be set by auctions in order to allocate mineral rights to interested investors. With the purpose of considering the second hypothesis, the impacts of CFEM on the fiscal policy of the municipalities were analyzed. In order to do so, several econometric models based on a spatial propensity score weighting are estimated. The effects of CFEM on the tax effort of the municipalities, on the hiring of employees by the public sector and on the current public spending of municipalities are tested. Results show that, in general, CFEM rents: (i) decrease the effort of municipalities; (ii) increase the hiring in the public sector; and (iii) cause an expansion of current public spending significantly higher than that resulting from increases in income per capita (flypaper effect). Based on these results, it is suggested the adoption of a Sovereign Resources Fund for federal administration of CFEM. States and municipalities should be shareholders of the fund, but some predefined rules to rescue resources should be observed
16
Castro, Mario Cesar Gomes de. "Projeto para mineração de pequeno e medio porte : elementos para elaboração do estudo de viabilidade." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286801.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Iran Ferreira MachadoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O estudo de viabilidade econômica para projeto de mineração, além do papel de instrumento de ligação do planejamento com a realidade operacional, é em aprofundamento dos levantamentos efetuados na pesquisa mineral, abrangendo em seu conteúdo contribuições da engenharia econômica, administração financeira, ciências jurídicas e geologia, entre outras áreas de conhecimento, permitindo aos empreendedores decidirem o melhor momento e forma de investirem. Estuda-se a elaboração do estudo de viabilidade econômica integrada às características da mineração de pequeno e médio porte. Trata, em primeiro lugar, da caracterização da atividade mineral e rápida análise do conceito de empresa de pequeno e médio porte, seguida da discussão de como se encaixa o projeto econômico no ato de planejar, da sua conceituação e preparação. Logo após, tem-se a concepção dos elementos para a preparação do estudo de viabilidade para a lavra mineral, englobando desde a estruturação da empresa de mineração, integrando as informações administrativas e institucionais, passando pelo estudo dos aspectos econômicos, técnicos, até à análise interna dos aspectos econômicos e financeiros. Finalmente, o estudo de caso - projeto para implantação de uma unidade de explotação e moagem de calcário no Estado de Goiás. Enfoca-se ainda o aspecto ambienta!, quanto à sua consideração como elemento essencial para a determinação da viabilidade de empreendimentos mineiros
Abstract: Besides its role as a link to the day-to-day industry reality, the economic feasibility study for a mininl1; proiect is an inme oro"a cnaracterization ofthe mineral industry and a quick research ofthe concept ofthe small to medium-sca1e mining projects, followed by a discussion on the place of an economic project as a planning tool, its conception and elaboration. Eventually, the conception ofthe elements to develop a feasibility study applied to mining projects is presented, covering the establishment of a mining company, gathering the administrative and institutional data, and going through the study of technical and economic aspects until the ÍIltemal analysis of its financial and economic details. Finally, the study of a case-project for the implantation of a unit of explotation and grinding oflimestone in the state of Goias. A special emphasis is given to environmental aspects, considered as an essential factor to assess the feasibility of mining undertakings
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
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Park, Yearn Hong. "Economic optimization of mineral development and extraction." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the issue of economic optimization associated with mine development and extraction decisions, focusing on the choice of an appropriate installed capacity as well as the control of the cutoff grade and capacity utilization variables. It shows how capacity and production strategies lead to an enhanced economic outcome of resource development and extraction.An important aspect of the study is the development of deterministic algorithms for cutoff grade and production rate optimization within existing mine facilities. These variables are determined by maximizing the present value of future benefits associated with mine production. Two opposing economic forces are at play in the optimizing process. A higher present value can be achieved by increasing operating profits through a higher cutoff grade and/or extraction rate. This strategy decreases the losses due to discounting. However, a higher cutoff grade generally leads to higher operating costs, and may also result in the loss of ore. A higher production rate within an existing mining system, likewise, increases unit operating costs. These reduce operating profits and act to lower the present value.
Both static and dynamic optimization methods are developed. Static optimization refers to determining the constant cutoff grade and production rate that maximize the total discounted operating profits. Dynamic optimization refers to the situation in which periodical adjustments are allowed for the production variables. In this case, declining cutoff grade and production rate schedules within an established mining system yield higher total discounted profits over the static solution. In general, the schedule is controlled by the discount rate, as well as by trade-offs between ore quality and reserves, and between production rate, cutoff grade and production costs.
The study subsequently focuses on the choice of installed capacity at the mine development stage. The objective here is to find the installed capacity level that maximizes the net present value of the project. The consideration of capital costs alone tends to limit the increase in installed capacity. The preproduction period has a similar effect. When both variables are combined, the increasing preproduction period and capital costs associated with higher levels of installed capacity impose a severe burden on the maximization process, causing limitations to the rising trend of optimum installed capacity at high discount rates.
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Browning-Aiken, Anne. "The transformation of Mexican copper miners: The dynamics of social agency and mineral policy as economic development tools." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the copper boom of the late nineteenth century, mining companies have been riding "the copper roller coaster." The well being of miners and their families appears to be tied to international market forces beyond their control. This dissertation uses a case study of miners in Cananea, Sonora, to analyze the relationships between changes in Mexican mineral policy from 1960 to 1998 and Mexico's economic connections with the United States. It employs Immanuel Wallerstein's framework of a world-system linked through hegemonic relationships between a core country, a semiperiphery and periphery (C-SP-P), and looks at the economic and political circumstances under which shifts in this system occur. Within this world-system Kondratieff waves are used to depict periods of stagnation and growth. Policy changes are reflected in economic cycles, and policy also shapes copper extraction, production and marketing. Until the 1970s American multinational corporations under privatization extracted surplus copper from Sonora as a peripheral region. However, once Mexico embarked on a policy of nationalization of the mineral industry (1971-1989), the country intentionally delinked from the U.S. In 1990 the Cananea mine was again privatized as part of Mexico's economic restructuring, with production directed toward international markets. Policy changes are evaluated in terms of Mexican development and the well being of the miners. This analysis is based upon the concept of articulation between capitalist modes of production within the world-system. The concept "articulation" includes confrontations and alliances between classes within each region or country as well as the relations between the C-SP-P. In particular, the miners use political linkages with the national union to defend their interests. However, with economic restructuring and privatization in the 1980s and 1990s, the government-labor alliance is supplanted by government-business alliance, and labor conflict and workforce transformation result. Policy turnovers influence everyday practices in gender relations as families face economic crises. Miners' wives form a political front to support their husbands' struggles with the company and to maintain access to potable water. Furthermore, attitudes toward environmental resource use are caught between maintaining the miners' job source and securing a safe and reliable source of water for the region.
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Dompieri, Mauricio. "Análise de complexidade aplicada à antecipação de crises no mercado de bens minerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-16112015-153204/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar as oportunidades de aplicação da análise de complexidade como método de análise da Economia Mineral de um bem mineral, utilizando o níquel como estudo de caso. Para tanto foram estudadas as particularidades do mercado de commodities, com maior profundidade no caso do níquel, os fatores que nele influem e alguns modelos desenvolvidos para simulação, compreensão e predição do comportamento do sistema composto por este mercado. Foram verificadas as condições para que o mercado de bens minerais tenha sido considerado um sistema complexo. No caso do níquel foi também analisado o estado atual da tecnologia de extração, incluindo os desenvolvimentos mais recentes. Passou-se então à descrição do método utilizado na análise de complexidade que define a complexidade de um sistema como uma grandeza quantificável em função de sua topologia, representada pela estrutura das correlações entre suas variáveis, e da entropia total do sistema. A entropia total do sistema é a integração das entropias de Shannon das variáveis que participam de sua estrutura e é uma medida da sua incerteza. Neste método, o cálculo das correlações entre as variáveis não é feito estatisticamente, mas sim por meio do cálculo da entropia mútua. A vantagem deste método é que revela correlações entre pares de variáveis que apresentam relações não lineares ou até mesmo bifurcações, clustering e outras patologias de difícil tratamento estatístico. Desta forma, evita-se o termo correlação, que remete ao tratamento estatístico, preferindo-se acoplamento em seu lugar, para identificar a dependência entre duas variáveis. A seguir, foram abordadas as duas modalidades de análise de complexidade utilizadas: estática e dinâmica. A análise estática revela, por meio de um mapa cognitivo, a estrutura do sistema e as forças de acoplamento entre seus componentes, bem como os índices de complexidade, compostos das complexidades crítica, operacional e mínima, da entropia e da robustez. O índice de maior destaque é o da robustez, que mede a resiliência do sistema por meio da diferença entre as complexidades crítica e operacional, e é um indicador de sua sustentabilidade. A análise dinâmica revela, para sistemas que variam com o tempo, a evolução dos indicadores de complexidade ao longo do tempo. O interesse nesse tipo de análise é que o criador do método identificou experimentalmente que o colapso de um sistema é quase sempre precedido de um aumento brusco em sua complexidade. Esta característica é então explorada na análise do mercado do níquel para procurar antecipar crises. Na parte experimental pode-se então revelar a estrutura de acoplamentos de uma cesta de metais e do mercado específico do níquel, usando-se a análise estática. A seguir, passou-se a investigar a evolução dos indicadores de complexidade ao longo do tempo, tendo sido possível identificar as situações de crise no mercado pelo aumento de complexidade e entropia e, no caso específico da crise de 2008-2009 foi possível perceber o aumento significativo da complexidade e entropia antes mesmo da instalação da crise, fornecendo assim um aviso prévio do evento.This study aimed at investigating the opportunities for application of complexity analysis as a method of analysis of mineral commodities economics, using nickel as case study. With that intention, the particularities of commodities were studied, in a deeper fashion in the case of nickel, its influencing factors and respective models which have been developed for simulating, understanding and predicting the behavior of the commodity market system. The conditions which allow the mineral commodities market to be considered a complex system have been verified. In the case of nickel the current state of the extraction technology including the latest developments has also been analyzed. Then focus goes to the description of the method used in complexity analysis, where complexity of a system is defined as a measurable quantity based on its topology, represented by the structure of the correlation between its variables, and the total entropy of the system. The total entropy of the system is the integration of the Shannon entropy of the variables that participate in its structure and is a measure of the systems uncertainty, i.e., its departure from a deterministic operating fashion. Calculation of correlations between variables in this method is not done statistically, but by calculating the mutual entropy between each pair of variables. The advantage of this method is that it reveals correlations between pairs of variables that exhibit nonlinear relationships or even bifurcations, clustering and other pathologies of difficult statistical treatment. Thus, the term correlation is avoided, which refers to the statistical treatment, being coupling the preferred expression to identify the dependence between two variables. The two types of complexity analysis were then performed: static and dynamic. Static analysis reveals the system structure and strength of couplings between the components by means of a cognitive map, as well as the complexity indices consisting of critical complexity, operational and minimum entropy and robustness. Robustness is the most interesting index in this case, as it measures the resilience of the system using the difference between the critical and operative complexities, and is an indicator of its sustainability. The dynamic analysis reveals, for time variant systems, the evolution of complexity indicators over time. Interest in this type of analysis is that the methods developer has experimentally identified that the collapse of a system is almost always preceded by a sharp increase in their complexity. This feature is then exploited in the analysis of the nickel market in trying to anticipate crises. Then, in the experimental section, structures of couplings were identified for a basket of metals and for the specific nickel market, using static analysis. Finally the evolution of indicators of complexity over time has been investigated, which revealed to be possible to identify a crisis in the market by the increasing complexity and entropy and, in the particular case of the 2008-2009 crisis its been also was possible to observe a significant increase in complexity and entropy just before installation of the crisis itself, providing a pre-alarm of the event.
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Fontes, Marcélio Prado. "Influência do nível freático no sequenciamento de lavra aplicado ao planejamento estratégico de lavra." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142459.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Desenvolver o sequenciamento de mina envolve muitos fatores e uma grande quantidade de informações, consequentemente, a rentabilidade do projeto dependerá fortemente do cronograma de produção. Um projeto de mineração pode estar condicionado ao sequenciamento não ideal, o que afeta os resultados econômicos do projeto e também leva a uma utilização inadequada dos recursos minerais. Durante o sequenciamento da mina é necessário tomar decisões para cada bloco durante a extração, tais como: 1) Se um determinado bloco deve ou não ser minerado; 2) Se minerado, quando deveria ser extraído; 3) Uma vez extraído, como e quando deve ser processado. Essas decisões são fatores variáveis do fluxo de caixa que afetam um dado projeto. Via de regra, o limite da cava final é otimizado para um conjunto fixo de parâmetros (preço, custos, modelos de recursos etc.), sabendo que mudanças nesses parâmetros terão impactos sobre a vida do projeto. Incertezas são avaliadas apenas em analises de sensibilidade posteriores. O método convencional de sequenciar uma mina é dividido em três etapas principais: primeiro, delinear a cava final; segundo, dividir a cava final em pushbacks (avanços de lavra) e terceiro, definir os blocos do sequenciamento em cada um desses pushbacks levando em consideração a mina, a planta de processamento e as capacidades de mercado. Contudo, existem aspectos que não são geralmente incorporados no sequenciamento de produção como inclusão de minério abaixo do nível freático. Esse aspecto, por exemplo, impõe algumas limitações de avanços verticais que devem ser consideradas. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar a relevância e o impacto do lençol freático como restrição adicional no resultado do VPL (Valor Presente Líquido). Inclui-se como uma condição de contorno relacionada com a necessidade de rebaixamento do nível freático, considerando as variáveis: teor e relação estéril/minério no sequenciamento de uma mina de fosfato. A metodologia adotada consiste em fazer ajustes na determinação dos pushbacks dentro da cava final, respeitando as condições de contorno e perseguindo a rentabilidade global como objetivo principal do processo de otimização.Developing mine sequencing involves many factors and a large amount of information, consequently the profitability of the project will strongly depend on the production schedule. A mining project may be conditioned to non-optimal sequencing, which may affect the economic results of the project and also lead to an inadequate utilization of mineral resources. During the mine sequencing it is necessary to make decisions for each block during extraction, such as: 1) If a particular block should or should not be mined; 2) If mined, when it should be extracted; 3) Once extracted, how and when it should be processed. These decisions are variable factors of cash flow that affect a given project. Normally, the final pit limit is optimized for a fixed set of parameters (price, costs, resource model, etc.), knowing that changes in these parameters will have impact on the life of mine plan. Uncertainties are held only in subsequent sensitivity analyzes. The conventional method of sequencing a mine is divided into three main steps: First the delineation of the final pit; second, subdividing the final pit in operational pushbacks (mining advances) and third, sequencing blocks in each of these pushbacks, taking into consideration the mine, processing plant and market capacities. However, there are aspects that are not usually incorporated into the production scheduling, including mining ore below the water table, this aspect imposes some vertical mining advancement constraints that must be considered. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the relevance and impact on the NPV result from the water level as a constraint related to the need for water table drawdown, also considering grades and stripping ratio variability during the mining sequence for a phosphate mine. The methodology adopted considers adjustments when determining each pushback within the limit of the final pit, trying to respect the constraints and pursuing global profitability as the main goal of the optimization process.
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Pachas, Cuya Víctor Hugo. "Los Mineros artesanales de oro en el Perú : análisis antropológico sobre una economía andina." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El Perú es un país marcado histórica y económicamente por la minería, particularmente aurífera. Desde las prístinas civilizaciones en los Andes su producción y valor simbolizaron fuentes de jerarquía y poder. Con la presencia hispánica, el oro representó más que un botín, un símbolo de opresión y martirio en los andes. Con la independencia del país sucedieron aspectos heterogéneos en su proceso, las exportaciones de Guano y Algodón condicionaron enclaves capitalistas, que en el siglo XX propiciaron el desarrollo y promoción de la Gran Minería y las antiguas explotaciones auríferas son abandonadas y ocupadas esporádicamente por poblaciones rurales, como una forma de complementar sus ingresos económicos, dando génesis a lo que hoy se especifica como Minería Artesanal.Tesis
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Chaves, Milena Lima. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET FOR MINERAL WATER." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2642.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
nÃo hÃThe dissertation is proposing to submit a descriptive analysis on the market of mineral waters. The approach of the subject is done, initially, through a brief history of his downing and panoramas of the world and national market. Through the data of total volume sold per thousand liters, the total amount sold in millions of real (Brazilian money), market share in volume and market share in value, the market for disposable mineral water of up to 19,999 ml of the designated area for analysis, it was possible to measure variables of economic significance as price, quality, market power and profits of companies in this segment. The methodology is applied in the calibration of parameters of a structural model of demand and supply. On the demand side, take the traditional model of Logit of discrete choice for differentiated products. In turn on the supply side it is assumed that firms compete to the Bertrand model.
A dissertaÃÃo se propÃe a apresentar uma anÃlise descritiva sobre o mercado de Ãguas minerais. A abordagem do tema à feita, inicialmente, atravÃs de um breve histÃrico do seu surgimento e panoramas mundial e nacional deste mercado. AtravÃs dos dados de valor total em volume vendido por mil litros, valor total vendido em milhÃes de reais, market share em volume e market share em valor, do mercado de Ãgua mineral descartÃvel de atà 19.999 ml da Ãrea delimitada para anÃlise, foi possÃvel mensurar variÃveis de significado econÃmico como preÃo, qualidade, poder de mercado e lucro das empresas deste segmento. A metodologia aplicada consiste na calibragem dos parÃmetros de um modelo estrutural de demanda e oferta. Pelo lado da demanda, assumimos o tradicional modelo de Logit de escolha discreta por produtos diferenciados. Por sua vez pelo lado da oferta parte-se do pressuposto que firmas competem à la Bertrand.
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Shintaku, Isao. "Aspectos economicos da exploração mineral." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Saul Barisnik SuslickDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Este trabalho aborda os principais fatos econômicos que envolvem a exploração mineral, indo desde os aspectos geológicos, seleção de áreas, passando pelo o investimento inicial, suas dificuldades e deficiências, suas características, bem como o comportamento dos investimentos na exploração mineral no Brasil e em outros países. O Brasil, um dos maiores potenciais mineiros do mundo, tanto pela sua extensão territorial como por sua diversidade geológica, sofre uma perda significativa nos investimentos em pesquisa mineral, pois não oferece um clima adequado aos moldes internacionais, para entrada de capitais, comprometendo, o processo de geração de jazidas e, conseqüentemente, a descoberta de novas minas e o seu aproveitamento. Um levantamento comparativo dos investimentos em exploração mineral em diversos paises contemplando período o 1986-1995 indica que o Brasil ainda não ocupa uma posição de destaque no cenário mundial. Foram identificados nesta dissertação os riscos da exploração mineral, os tipos, e como podem ser administrados. Além disso, foi feita uma análise dos fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão de um investimento mineral e, sob a forma de estudo de caso, foram abordados os aspectos econômicos do ouro
Abstract: This work deals with the main economic facts in which are included the mineral exploration, geological aspects, selection of areas, initial investments, its difficulties and deficiencies, its features, as well as the behavior of the mineral exploration in Brazil and other countries. Brazil, one of the greatest mining potentialities in the world, for its land extension, as well as because of its geological diversity, is undergoing a significant lost in mineral research investments, because it does not offer an adequate structure for the entrance of capital, according to the international patterns, weakening new mineral deposits generation and consequently the discovery of new profitable mines. A comparative study, in the 1986-1995 period, regarding investments in mineral exploration in many countries, shows that Brazil does not occupy a distinguished position in the world scenery yet. In this work, the mineral exploration risks were realised and how they can be managed, as well as, an analysis of the factors that influence on the decision of a mineral investment. As a case study, the gold economic features were discussed.
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
24
Santos, Valdeci Monteiro dos. "A economia do sudeste paraense = fronteira de expansão na periferia brasileira." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Wilson CanoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento do Sudeste Paraense - espaço integrante da Amazônia Brasileira - tem chamado a atenção pelo grande dinamismo econômico e pelas profundas transformações da sua base sócio-produtiva, nas últimas quatro décadas. De uma economia extrativista, voltada predominantemente para o autoconsumo, com tênues vínculos extra-regionais, passou-se a vivenciar aí uma nova fase, a partir da década de 1960: de um lado, a região tornou-se objeto de uma forte expansão agropecuária - com o avanço de grandes projetos financiados pela SUDAM e o deslocamento concomitante de frentes de expansão camponesa, compondo, gradativamente, um mosaico rural, a que se agregaram agentes locais mercantis e produtores tradicionais de madeira e de castanha-do-pará -, e, do outro lado, assistiu, a partir da década de 1980, à emergência da economia da mineração - com a saga dos garimpos, como Serra Pelada, e, em especial, a presença da CVRD (atual VALE), atuando na exploração mineral em larga escala, voltada basicamente para o exterior. Ao tempo em que se acelerou o crescimento populacional, expandiu-se o processo de urbanização, criaram-se diversos municípios, implantou-se uma complexa e moderna infraestrutura (viária, de energia, de comunicação etc.) e acentuaram-se as tensões pela propriedade e uso da terra. O presente estudo objetivou entender melhor essa experiência, dialogando com a literatura contemporânea sobre esse tipo de desenvolvimento regional e refletindo sobre os processos, que conduziram às mudanças ocorridas e, sobretudo, acerca dos seus efeitos econômicos, sociais e territoriais
Abstract: The development of the southeast of Pará - one of the Brazilian northern states in the Amazon region - has been known for its economic dynamism and the profound transformation of its productive base in the last four decades. From an extractive economy primarily geared towards self-consumption with tenuous ties outside the region until the 1960s, it experienced a strong expansion of farming based largely on subsidized funds financed by The Superintendency for the Development of The Amazon Region (SUDAM). This strategy of growth based on extensive land tenure for cattle raising gave rise to timber exploitation, the displacement of small landholder families and disrupted the traditional indigenous economy of tropical forest fruit and nut collectors. Since the 1980s large-scale iron ore mining exploited by Vale do Rio Doce Company, focused basically to world markets, became the most important source of economic growth in the southeast of the State of Pará. The ensuing population growth triggered an urbanization process and a spurt of new municipalities in the southeast. As a consequence, it raised demand for road infrastructure, energy and communication, infrastructure, heightening tensions for the property and use of land. This study challenges to better understand this experience, based on the regional development and to make an assessment of the processes that led to the observed changes made, and particularly its effects on economic, social and territorial occupation
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico
25
Pereira, Cleide de Marco. "Caracterização da produção e consumo de calcario para uso agricola no estado de São Paulo." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador : Rachel Negrão CavalcantiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A correção da acidez dos solos é fundamental para o sucesso do empreendimento agrícola. Atualmente, a produção de calcário para uso agrícola no Brasil corresponde a apenas um terço da real necessidade dos nossos solos, apesar das diversas tentativas de expandir o consumo já promovidas. Entre as causas do insucesso dessas iniciativas encontra-se a falta de informações técnicas e econômicas de fácil acesso tanto para os consumidores, quanto para os produtores de calcário. Este trabalho faz uma caracterização da produção e do consumo do calcário para uso agrícola no Estado de São Paulo, abordando os aspectos de Geologia, lavra, meio ambiente, legislação mineral/ambienta!, agronomia e economia, com o objetivo específico de ampliar o conhecimento deste tema. Para isso realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, complementada pela pesquisa de campo, que alcançou, aproximadamente, 60% do setor produtor do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam a existência de potencial para expansão tanto da produção quanto do consumo deste mineral, desde que sejam direcionados esforços, por parte dos empresários e por parte do poder público, objetivando corrigir imperfeições consideradas entraves ao desenvolvimento do setor
Abstract: Neutralization of soil acidity is fundamental for the success of agricultural undertakings. At present, the production of lime for agricultura! purposes in Brazil supplies only a third of what would be required for the soil, despite various attempts to increase its use. Among the reasons for the failure of these initiatives is the difficulty of access to technical and economic information for both consumers and producers. In an attempt to help overcome this problem, the present thesis investigates the production and consumption of lime for such use in the state of São Paulo, including geological aspects, mining, and environmental concems, as well as agronomical use, economic aspects, and the legislation regulating mining and environmental protection. The initial bibliographical review was complemented with field research investigating approximately 60% of the productive sector of the state. The results of this study confirm the existence of great potential for expansion in the use of this mineral, both in terms of production and of consumption, but efforts by businessmen and govemment must be directed to the overcoming of critical obstac1es for changes to take place
Mestrado
Geociencias
Mestre em Geociências
26
Campos, Ana Candida de Paula Ribeiro e. Arruda. "Compensação financeira por exploração mineral : considerações acerca da sua natureza juridica." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286741.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Hildebrando HerrmannDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O Constituinte de 1.988, ao dispor sobre a propriedade dos bens minerais, determinou que estes são de propriedade da União. Outrossim, no parágrafo 1 ° do artigo 20 do Texto Magno, determinou, ainda, a participação dos Estados, Distrito Federal, Municípios e órgãos da administração direta da União nos resultados da exploração dos recursos minerais ou uma compensação financeira por essa exploração. O legislador infraconstitucional, fazendo jus da faculdade que lhe foi outorgada constitucionalmente, instituiu, por meio da Lei n.O 7.990 de 28 de dezembro de 1989 e da Lei n.O 8.001 de 13 de março de 1.990, a Compensação Financeira por Exploração Mineral - CFEM, encargo financeiro que, desde sua gênese, despertou enorme controvérsia tanto na doutrina como na jurisprudência, principalmente no que toca à determinação de sua natureza jurídica. Dentro deste contexto, esta dissertação busca analisar, de maneira crítica, a verdadeira natureza da Compensação Financeira por Exploração Mineral, fazendo, para tanto, uma ampla pesquisa na literatura especializada, na legislação pertinente e na jurisprudência. Nela são analisados, também, os sistemas jurídicos de exploração e aproveitamento mineral, na tentativa de enquadrar o encargo no ordenamento jurídico tocante ao setor enfocado. Ao final, esta dissertação sustenta a idéia de que se trata, a referida exação, de verdadeiro tributo, da espécie imposto, mostrando as conseqüentes ilegalidades e inconstitucionalidades havidas na legislação que a instituiu, que não respeitou os rígidos princípios constitucionais tributários
Abstract: The 1988 Brazilian National Congress established that mineral properties belong solely to the Union. The first paragraph of articIe 20 of the Federal Constitution assures to the Union one of the foUowing: a financial participation in the gross revenue of mineral production, or a share of the mineral production. In agreement with the constitution, National congressmen and congresswomen decided to write the law number 7.990 in February 28th (1989) and the law number 8.001 of March 13th (1990) establishing the Financial Compensation For Mineral Exploration (the CFEM Act Portuguese Abbreviation). These acts, caused significant confusion on the Jurisdictional Doctrine and also Jurisprudence. The present dissertation is aimed at comprehensively analyzing the true nature of the CFEM Act through a comprehensive literature research, incIuding books, legal articIes and personal discussions with legal experts. In addition, the present work examines the jurisdictional system of mineral exploration and its rational application in order to provi de a sound understanding of the CFEM Act under the current regulatory framework. Preliminary results reinforce that the CFEM Act is indeed a form of taxation. Some illegalities regarding constitutional disagreements are also discussed.
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
27
Barberato, Joselaine do Amaral. "Matriz nutricional da enzima fitase e a suplementação mineral e vitamínica para frangos de corte na fase final /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181645.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Antonio Carlos de LaurentizResumo: O estudo foi realizado na UNESP – Faculdade de Engenharia – Campus de Ilha Solteira, Setor de Avicultura, tendo como objetivo analisar a retirada do suplemento mineral e vitamínico e a valorização da matriz nutricional da enzima fitase na última semana de criação de frangos de corte (42 a 49 dias), avaliando características de desempenho zootécnico (consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar), peso relativo do fígado e do pâncreas, parâmetros sanguíneos e análise da viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas 400 aves da linhagem Coob® (lote sexado - machos) criados de 42 a 49 dias, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2x2 (com e sem suplemento mineral e vitamínico e com e sem a inclusão de enzima fitase), totalizando quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições de 20 aves por tratamento. Nas rações formuladas com a inclusão da enzima fitase (1000 FTU), sua matriz nutricional estimada foi considerada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e quando ocorreu efeito significativo para os valores avariados as médias foram comparadas pelo teste SNK a 5% de probabilidade. Baseado nos resultados de desempenho zootécnico, pode-se recomendar a retirada do suplemento e a valorização da matriz nutricional da enzima fitase.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the withdrawal of the mineral and vitamin supplement and the valorization of the nutritional matrix of the enzyme phytase in the last week of broiler breeding (UNESP - Faculdade de Engenharia - Campus de Ilha Solteira, Poultry Sector). 42 to 49 days), evaluating characteristics of zootechnical performance (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion), relative liver and pancreatic weight, blood parameters and economic viability analysis. A total of 400 birds of the Coob ® lineage (male - batch) were harvested from 42 to 49 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2 factorial scheme (with and without mineral and vitamin supplementation and with and without the inclusion of phytase enzyme ), totaling four treatments with five replicates of 20 birds per treatment. In the diets formulated with the inclusion of the enzyme phytase (1000 FTU), its estimated nutritional matrix was considered. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and when there was a significant effect for the faulty values the means were compared by the SNK test at 5% probability. Based on the results of zootechnical performance, we can recommend the withdrawal of the supplement and the valorization of the nutritional matrix of the enzyme phytase.
Mestre
28
Ogino, Cristiane Mitie. "Fertilizantes minerais: análise da dinâmica na economia agrícola do Centro-Oeste brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-03052018-130607/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Os fertilizantes minerais apresentam-se como um dos insumos contribuidores para o aumento da produtividade no Brasil desde os anos de 1980, diante da limitada expansão da área agrícola, e são considerados como poupadores de terra. No entanto, por serem provindos de recursos naturais escassos, extraidos viávelmente (econômico e físico) de limitados locais do mundo, e dependerem altamente de energia para a síntese, fazem com que a produção agrícola seja sensível aos impactos de oferta e demanda pelos fertiliznates. A exemplo do ocorrido em 2008/2009, em que a elevação dos preços dos fertilizantes reduziu sua quantidade de consumo e houve alteração no mercado das commodities agrícolas. Diante disso, objetivou analisar a dinâmica econômica entre os fertilizantes minerais com o mercado agrícola da região Centro-Oeste (CO), onde apresenta o maior consumo de fertilizante minerais e concentra a maior produção agrícola do país. Para análise, considerou-se as variáveis como a quantidade consumida de fertilizantes e o poder de compra ponderado à produtividade (poder de compra p.p.) no CO, e o preço do fertilizante específico. Empregou-se a metodologia de séries temporais, mais especificamente o modelo Autorregressivo Vetorial Estrutural (SVAR), para cada macronutriente primário, ou seja, os fertilizantes nitrogenados, fosfatados e potássicos. Tal modelo permitiu estimar as respostas das variáveis endógenas aos impactos positivos tanto das demais variáveis como de si próprio. Os resultados mostram que a quantidade consumida como sendo a variável mais endógena, com a maior participação do poder de compra p.p. do que seus preços, além da própria variação para os três modelos. Diferentemente dos preços que se apresentaram mais exógenos, cuja contribuição própria foi mais de 90%, também para os três modelos. Por conseguinte, nas análises dos impactos determinou-se a maior sensibilidade de variação entre o impacto no poder de compra p.p. sobre a quantidade consumida do fertilizante para os três modelos. Ao serem comparados, obtiveram a ordem decrescente das elasticidades igual a 0,65; 0,58; e 0,48, respectivamente aos fertilizantes N > P205 > K2O, sequência esta conferida pela atuação agronômica dos nutrientes no solo da região e nas culturas. Já a menor sensibilidade de variação ocorreu entre o poder de compra p.p. sobre o choque nos preços dos fertilizantes, resultado esse esperado, devido os fertilizantes serem um dos insumos necessários para o aumento de produtividade. Assim, reconhece-se a relação positiva entre os três tipos de fertilizantes minerais e a produção no Centro-Oeste pelas demandas dos fertilizantes se apresentarem inelásticas à variação dos preços dos fertilizantes.Mineral fertilizers are one of the contributor inputs to increase productivity in Brazil since the 1980s, given the limited expansion of the agricultural area, and are considered land-savers. However, because they are derived from scarce natural resources, viably extracted (economically and structurally) from limited locations of the world, and highly dependent on energy for synthesis, they make agricultural production sensitive to the impacts of supply and demand. As in 2008/2009, when the increase in fertilizer prices reduced its quantity of consumption, there were changes in the agricultural commodities market. The present dissertation aims to analyze the economic dynamics between mineral fertilizers and the agricultural market of the Central-West region, where the highest mineral fertilizer consumption is presented and the largest agricultural production in the country is concentrated. For the analysis, we considered some variables, such as the quantity of fertilizers consumed, and the purchasing power weighted by productivity, as well as the price of the specific fertilizer. The time series methodology, more specifically the Autoregressive Structural Vector Model (SVAR), was used for each primary macronutrient, that is, the nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers. This model allowed us to estimate the responses of the endogenous variables to the positive impacts of the other variables as well as of themselves. The results found the quantity consumed as being the most endogenous variable, with the greater participation of weighted purchasing power than its prices, besides its own variation for the three models. Differently from the prices that presented more exogenous, whose own contribution was more than 90% also for the three models. Therefore, in the analysis of the impacts, it was determined the greater sensitivity of variation between the amount of fertilizer consumed on the shock in purchasing power for three models. When compared, they obtained the decreasing order of elasticities equal to 0.65; 0.58; and 0,48, respectively, to N> P205 > K2O fertilizers, a sequence that is conferred by the agronomic performance of the nutrients in the soil of the region and in the crops. On the other hand, the lower sensitivity of variation occurred between purchasing power over the shock of fertilizer prices, a result expected, because fertilizers are one of the inputs needed to increase productivity. Thus, the positive relation between the three types of mineral fertilizers and the production in the Central-West by the demands of the fertilizers are inelastic to the variation of the fertilizer prices.
29
Gómez, Sandoval Mauricio Alexander. "Evaluación económica de riesgos e incertezas en la decisión temporal del cierre de faenas mineras." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de EmpresasChile avanza hacia una minería responsable mediante la promulgación Ley 20.551, que regula el Cierre de Faenas Mineras, reglamentando a las compañías mineras la constitución de garantías financieras al Estado para la ejecución de las actividades, soluciones y medidas consideradas para el cierre de sus instalaciones al fin de la vida útil. Así, para las compañías mineras es relevante la definición de una estrategia, alcance y lineamientos para el desarrollo del plan de cierre, determinando de este modo la incertidumbre respecto al costo real de cierre de la faena, debido a es de especial interés para los accionistas de una compañía minera, conocer el riesgo e incertidumbre respecto al costo final de cierre al que están comprometidos. El análisis de este trabajo se centra en la evaluación económica de los riesgos e incertezas que se presentan en la decisión temporal de implementar el cierre de una instalación cuando: a) corresponde de acuerdo al plan de negocios y b) la postergación de su implementación al fin de la vida útil de la faena minera. El análisis consideró como hipótesis central, que la postergación de la implementación del cierre puede afectar o cambiar las condiciones esperadas de una determinada instalación. Los resultados permiten concluir que no existe una situación ceteris paribus permanente e inherente en el tiempo y en consecuencia en su evaluación económica, debido a las posibles desviaciones que se presentan al postergar la implementación del cierre de una determinada instalación. De este modo, este tipo de decisiones no corresponden solo a un ejercicio financiero debido a que al postergar el cierre se adquieren riesgos e incertidumbres, que generalmente no son abordados. Los resultados de este tipo de evaluación, dependerán principalmente de la tasa de riesgo de las instalaciones o faena y la tasa de descuento de evaluación que considere el negocio. Es importante destacar que la tasa de riesgo no depende solo de las condiciones presentadas en este estudio, sino que también debe incorporar aspectos legales, y no menos importante hoy en día, la relación con terceros (comunidades, otras compañías e industrias y autoridades) debido a que pueden desencadenar en riesgos de imagen y afectar su licencia de operación. Un inadecuado manejo de estos aspectos puede significar un aumento en la tasa de riesgo utilizada en la evaluación, pudiendo incluso generar vulnerabilidades intolerables para el negocio, impactando más allá de solo la decisión temporal respecto a la ejecución del cierre de la faena. La discusión respecto a la implementación del cierre al fin de la vida útil de una instalación ha sido abordada como una exigencia establecida por la normativa vigente y no como un beneficio, debido a que hoy las decisiones de postergar el cierre se realizan con la información estática disponible, no incorporando los riesgos que se generan en el tiempo y su impacto en el negocio. Para que la incorporación de la visión postulada con este tipo de análisis no resulte solo un ejercicio financiero, es importante el involucramiento activo de la alta gerencia y sus principales áreas, tanto a nivel compañía como faena, generando soporte y respaldo a la construcción de políticas y lineamientos, y aún más importante, fomentar que se transformen en tareas que se desarrollen día a día en la operación, a un costo razonable, mitigando así los riesgos sobre la rentabilidad futura del negocio.
30
ROBERTS, MARK CULMER. "THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE INTENSITY OF USE METHOD OF MINERAL CONSUMPTION FORECASTING (MINERAL, ECONOMICS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187962.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intensity of use of a mineral is traditionally defined as the consumption (production plus net imports) of the mineral divided by gross national product. It has been proposed that this ratio of raw material input to gross economic output is a predictable function of per capita income and that the relationship is based on economic theory. Though the theory has never been clearly defined, the intensity of use method has been used to make long term forecasts. This dissertation formulates a theoretical model of the consumption of minerals and the resulting intensity of use which is used to test the validity of the traditional intensity of use measure and its forecasting ability. Previous justifications of the intensity of use hypothesis state that changes in technical efficiency, substitution rates among inputs, and demands are explained by per capita income, which, as it grows, produces a regular intensity of use pattern. The model developed in this research shows that the life of the goods in use, foreign trade of raw and final goods, prices, consumer preferences, technical innovations, as well as the above factors fully explain economic use, which is not simply a function of per capita income. The complete model is used to restate the traditional theory of intensity of use and to examine the sensitivity of traditional measures to changes in the explanatory variables which are commonly omitted. The full model demonstrates the parameters that must be examined when making a long term forecast. Regular intensity of use patterns are observed for many minerals in many nations. Setting aside the theoretical questions, the intensity of use method is often used to make long term projections based on these trends in intensity of use as well as the trends in population and gross national product. This dissertation examines the forecasting ability of the traditional intensity of use method and finds that it is not necessarily an improvement over naive consumption time trend forecasts. Furthermore, it is unstable for very long term projections.
31
Crandall, Jake. "Potential mineral resources on Mars: Ore processes and mechanisms." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ore-forming processes are relatively well understood on Earth, but little is known about mineralization processes on Mars. By applying terrestrial analogs, using data collected from orbital and rover missions and evidence for hydrothermal activity from alteration assemblages, the types and locations of different ore-forming processes have been investigated with the aim of discovering concentrations of mineral resources on Mars. These resources are likely to be of critical importance for future manned missions to Mars, and insight gained towards mineralization on Mars may also advance our understanding of terrestrial deposits.
32
Souza, Petain Avila de. "Metodos de avaliação economica de projetos de explotação mineral." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Saul Barisnik SuslickDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho é o estudo dos métodos quantitativos usados no processo decisório da avaliação econômica de projetos de investimentos, do ponto de vista empresarial, visando o aproveitamento de jazidas minerais. O texto aprofunda as discussões sobre os pontos chaves do tema proposto e procura, de forma simples e acessível, esclarecer os aspectos cruciais de cada questão levantada. No capítulo inicial são apresentados os conceitos básicos de fluxo de caixa e de cálculo financeiro e os impactos resultantes da tributação nos projetos de mineração. O tema central está contido nos dois capítulos subseqüentes, onde cada método de avaliação é descrito, aplicado e comentado o seu emprego nas tomadas de decisão relativas às seguintes situações: aceitar/rejeitar um projeto isolado; selecionar "o melhor" (o mais atrativo) de um grupo de projetos mutuamente excludentes com horizontes iguais ou diferentes; e, escolher uma combinação ótima de alternativas independentes considerando haver restrição orçamentária. O capítulo a seguir apresenta a análise de sensibilidade como instrumento de identificação das variáveis estratégicas de um projeto. Finalmente, o último capítulo descreve a análise de risco mediante o emprego da técnica analítica e da simulação de Monte Carlo, como forma de enriquecimento dos resultados da avaliação econômica
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation involves the study of quantitative methods applied to decision-making process for economic evaluation of investments aiming the availability of mineral resources. The text covers the key aspects of the mentioned subject and explains in simple form ali the necessary topics of mine evaluation. The first chapter presents the basic concepts of cash-flow, time value for the evaluation investment alternatives and the effect of taxation on mining properties and operations. The main part describes each evaluation method and their application, which was discussed under the decision-making environment of the following aspects: accept/reject an isolated project, select 'the best' project from a cluster of muttually exclusive projects with different or equal productive life and choose an optimal combination of independent alternatives based upon budget restrictions. The next chapter presents the sensitivity analysis as a tool for identification of strategic variables. Finally, the last chapter describes the risk analysis based upon of analytical technique and the Monte Carlo simulation in order to achieve better and richer results for economic evaluation
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
33
Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich 1958. "Resources, technology, and mineral trade in the economic growth of Namibia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In traditional growth theory, the terms of trade are important growth factors. However, the new exported growth hypothesis suggests that shifting from resource to innovation rents via the free market trade mechanism accelerates growth. Given its revealed comparative advantages in natural resources, Namibia is attempting to apply World Bank, and UNIDO new growth criteria to stimulate economic growth. This research analyzes Namibia's data from 1968-1992, estimates the impacts and tests the significance of resources, technology, and mineral exports in economic growth. It assumes variable elasticity of substitution (VES) production technologies in which capital, labor, and land inputs can be disaggregated and hypotheses concerning scale, complementary and substitute inputs can be examined. A disaggregated examination of traded and nontraded sectors is employed over two sub-periods: 1968-1980, and 1981-1992. The analysis confirms the importance of mineral exports to the economy but finds no discernible sign of accelerated growth as a function of the shifting structure and the new growth criteria. The attempt to shift from resource rents in the early period to an industrial emphasis in the later period fails to accelerate Namibia's growth. Global constant returns to scale pre-1980, and diminishing returns to scale post-1980 obtain. The switch from complementary and flexible substitute inputs pre-1980 to rigid substitutes post-1980 suggests technical inefficiencies. The vent-for-surplus nature of the mineral subsector is supported; but attempts to industrialize via manufacturing are not vindicated, and the surplus arising pre-1980 dissapates post-1980, as evidenced by the low or negative factor productivities and technical change. The result is that neither the expected growth nor acceleration in technical change patterns are observed. Policies seem to have discouraged investment in the traded resource sectors such that structural changes expanded the low productivity nontraded service sectors. Namibia is a vent-for-surplus example in which resource rents do not sustain early economic growth, and attempts to shift to innovation rents fail to stimulate growth. Given the paucity of data, Namibia's case confirms that export surpluses from resources may be a necessary element, but not a sufficient condition, for sustainable growth.
34
SHINTAKU, Isao. "Aspectos econômicos da exploração mineral." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 1998. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/78.
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Este trabalho aborda os principais fatos econômicos que envolvem a exploração mineral, indo desde os aspectos geológicos, seleção de áreas, passando pelo o investimento inicial, suas dificuldades e deficiências, suas características, bem como o comportamento dos investimentos na exploração mineral no Brasil e em outros países. O Brasil, um dos maiores potenciais mineiros do mundo, tanto pela sua extensão territorial como por sua diversidade geológica, sofre uma perda significativa nos investimentos em pesquisa mineral, pois não oferece um clima adequado aos moldes internacionais, para entrada de capitais, comprometendo, o processo de geração de jazidas e, conseqüentemente, a descoberta de novas minas e o seu aproveitamento. Um levantamento comparativo dos investimentos em exploração mineral em diversos paises contemplando período o 1986-1995 indica que o Brasil ainda não ocupa uma posição de destaque no cenário mundial. Foram identificados nesta dissertação os riscos da exploração mineral, os tipos, e como podem ser administrados. Além disso, foi feita uma análise dos fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão de um investimento mineral e, sob a forma de estudo de caso, foram abordados os aspectos econômicos do ouro
35
Modungwa, Bame. ""Beyond the Sparkle" : diversification of mineral-rich economies: The case of Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27978.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Botswana is known as Africa's growth miracle, having transformed from one of the poorest countries in the world at independence, into a middle-income economy in a short period of time. The country's success has been reliant on high revenues accrued from its diamond mining industry, however, government expects diamond production to decline rapidly in the next 10 - 15 years. Diamond depletion presents a threat to Botswana's economic growth, development and macroeconomic stability, which has created the urgent need for economic diversification to be realised in the near future. This dissertation explores the concept and theory behind economic diversification for resource abundant countries. Country cases are reviewed alongside the literature on economic diversification, in order to build an analytical framework on economic diversification for mineral-rich economies. The drivers of diversification are classified under three themes: the enabling environment approach, the interventionist approach and the sector-driven approach. Botswana's efforts to diversify are evaluated against these themes, highlighting the prospects and barriers to success. The dissertation concludes that the quest for economic diversification is not an easy one, particularly in countries such as Botswana with single-resource dependence. Moreover, in order for Botswana to succeed, it will require a policy mix incorporating aspects of the three themes. The government of Botswana (GoB) must ensure that they develop an enabling environment to incentivise increased export development; they should invest in physical and human capital in order to facilitate private sector growth, and they should set policies and targets to support sectors that show potential to become internationally competitive.
36
Dias, Marcos Vitor Fabro. "O setor mineral paranaense e seu interrelacionamento com a economia." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador : Celso Pinto FerrazDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O objetivo da dissertação é o de dar um panorama histórico-estatístico do que foi o setor mineral paranaense e seu interrelacionamento com a economia nos últimos anos, permitindo uma visão global do mesmo, subsídio indispensável ao estabelecimento de políticas. Nos capítulos iniciais, apresenta-se genericamente o Estado do Paraná nos seus aspectos geoeconômicos, geográficos, históricos, recursos naturais e de infra-estrutura. Faz-se uma síntese da economia paranaense, comentando-se o contexto internacional e sua influênica sobre a economia brasileira e paranaense na passagem da década de 70 para a de 80. No que é propósito central do trabalho, apresenta-se um panorama do que foi a indústria extrativa mineral paranaense nos últimos anos (1979-88), com dados sobre os principais municípios, extratores e arrecadadores do Imposto único sobre Minerais ¿ IUM, as principais substâncias explotadas: as suas participações no valor da produção mineral e na arrecadação do imposto, nas quantidades explotadas, na mão-de-obra ocupada, e as principais empresas extratoras e geradoras de impostos
Mestrado
Mestre em Geociências
37
Smith, Trevor Allen. "Minerals policy and taxation in the new South Africa : an analysis of proposed ANC policy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15978.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: pages 82-86.[The aim of this paper] is to analyse and discuss the proposed ANC minerals policy, with particular reference to taxation. This is the subject of chapter four of this paper. Chapters two and three will lay the foundation upon which the analysis and discussion will be based, specifically, chapter two will review the theory of resource extraction, exploration and taxation, and describe a few of the important results in this field of study, while chapter three will describe some real world experiences with mineral tax systems.
38
Chultem, Nyamsuren. "The resource curse in Mongolia: mineral wealth, institutional quality, and economic performance." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedMongolia is endowed with abundant natural resources from which it has generated a high level of economic growth over the past decade. Nevertheless, the country has already experienced some symptoms of the natural resource curse. This thesis argues that the quality of a country’s governance and institutions plays a crucial role in the management of resources, and therefore, it examines the political-economic environment of Mongolia’s resource sector. This study examines Mongolia’s performance on three steps of the natural resource management value chain: sector organization and the process of contract awards, the collection of taxes and royalties, and revenue distribution and public investment management. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates that, while many resource-rich, developing countries experience civil war and conflict due to mismanagement of resources, Mongolia is not currently on this path. It concludes, however, that if the country does not effectively manage its resource sector, Mongolia’s young democracy may deteriorate.
39
Barrenechea, Chavez Diana Lucia, and Torres Amny Cruzado. "Impacto de la gestión de las necesidades operativas de fondos en el valor de la empresa: Análisis del sector minero peruano entre el 2005 y el 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La investigación realizada se originó por la importancia económica del sector minero para
el Perú y la caída en los niveles de ventas que se registró a partir del 2013. Esta caída se originó
principalmente porque China, comprador número uno de metales en el mundo, cambió su modelo
económico y se enfocó en el consumo interno, además del endurecimiento paulatino de la política
monetaria de Estados Unidos y el difícil acceso de financiamiento a las mineras, entre otras.
Frente a esta caída de ventas a nivel global, Ernst & Young realizó un estudio que identificó los
principales riesgos que afectaban el valor de las empresas mineras; uno de los principales riesgos
fue la gestión eficiente del efectivo y que para ello, una de las fuentes de liberación del mismo
era la gestión de las necesidades operativas de fondos (inventarios, cuentas por cobrar y cuentas
por pagar) debido a la adaptabilidad de sus componentes en el corto plazo. La importancia de la
gestión de las necesidades operativas de fondos (NOF) deviene porque determinan el nivel de
inversión necesario para la continuidad de las operaciones y la gestión de sus cuentas es medida
a través del ciclo de conversión del efectivo.
Por lo tanto, el propósito del presente estudio es identificar cómo el Valor de las empresas
mineras peruanas está influenciado por la gestión de las NOF y cuáles son las determinantes de
esta última considerando las particularidades del sector minero. Para cumplir con el objetivo
principal, se realizó una revisión de literatura teórica y empírica que permitió el planteamiento de
las hipótesis para la investigación, y por la naturaleza del estudio se aplicó la metodología
cuantitativa. En este caso, se utilizó información trimestral de 7 grandes empresas mineras que
operaron en Perú entre los años 2005 y 2016, además, las mismas cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores
de Lima, la data se analizó con el instrumento econométrico de Panel de Datos en el software
Stata.
Como resultados, se concluyó que la reducción de 1% de recursos invertidos en las NOF
incrementa el Valor Financiero de las empresas mineras peruanas en 0.047%, además, cuando el
EBITDA (p=0.00) se incrementa en 1%, el valor se incrementa en 1.048%. Por otra parte, los
factores que determinan la eficiencia de las NOF son la edad de la firma, precio del mineral y
costo de producción (C2, cash-cost). La relevancia de las variables está en que la edad de la firma
brinda un mayor nivel de experiencia en el sector y de cómo funciona, el precio del mineral
determina los lineamientos para la operación de la mina y, finalmente, el costo de producción
(cash cost) es también una de las variables relevantes debido a que en un sector tomador de
precios, el costo de producción es crítico para el rendimiento financiero de la organización ya que
es la variable que la empresa gestiona directamente.Tesis
40
Webber, R. C. W. "Determining the physical and economic impact of environmental design criteria for ultra-deep mines." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07242006-105847/.
Повний текст джерела
41
Kola, Trevor Tebogo. "Mineral Beneficiation : a continuing African paradox or a panacea for economic growth and skills development." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71589.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Africa is rich with plentiful mineral resources, yet it is a continent associated with underdevelopment, low economic growth and unskilled labour. Arguments abound that if developing countries added more value to their commodities locally, rather than exporting them to other countries in a raw and unprocessed format, their key economic indicators, such as employment and economic growth, would be enhanced. This study explored debates by scholars and policymakers, who either support or are against the position that mineral beneficiation is a panacea to Africa’s economic challenges. The study explored arguments by scholars and policymakers as to why African countries fail to pursue mineral beneficiation which has subsequently relegated their economies to the bottom end of economic development. The research explored how International Relations (IR) scholars in the past tried to define development. These debates on development were explored using the theoretical frameworks of modernisation and dependency. The study found that these debates, have highlighted the important role which mineral resources play in international relations. Diplomacy and foreign policy were found to be key aspects in the debates on mineral beneficiation in the continent.
The study employed a qualitative research approach to explore arguments by scholars and policymakers on whether the continent should beneficiate its mineral resources. Data was collected, analysed and categorised. The findings of the research were discussed based on the themes which emerged from the literature reviewed.
The study focused on whether by beneficiating minerals locally, the continent could realise sustainable economic growth for its citizens. The study explored whether debates by scholars, mining industry and government policymakers could dispel or support the argument that mineral beneficiation is a panacea for sustainable economic growth and skills development in the continent. The study found that debates on whether African governments should beneficiate their abundant mineral resources will continue to evolve and develop.
Key words: mineral resources; underdevelopment; economic growth; mineral beneficiation; comparative advantage; skills development; employment creation, diplomacy, resource diplomacy, upstream and downstream linkages.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
University of Pretoria
Political Sciences
MA
Unrestricted
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ASSIS, Artur Angelo Alcântara de. "Panorama da indústria de água mineral na região metropolitana do Recife." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5216.
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Previous issue date: 2012Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este estudo produz um panorama da indústria da água mineral na Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), registrando seus impactos econômicos, assim como o cumprimento da legislação em vigor. Outro aspecto identificado e avaliado é a qualidade do produto consumido pelos pernambucanos a partir dos parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. A revisão bibliográfica apresenta os aspectos científicos e técnicos necessários para o aproveitamento da água mineral e o processo de legalização da indústria. A pesquisa envolveu visitas técnicas ao Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral DNPM, para coletar os dados indispensáveis a este estudo; e aos complexos industriais da RMR, para conhecimento presencial do processo produtivo. O estudo descritivo foi adotado a fim de identificar os tipos de captações, volume comercializado, empregos gerados, custo operacional, lucro líquido inicial, características físico-químicas dos produtos envasados nos complexos em atividade na RMR. Pernambuco é o segundo estado em volume de produção de água mineral no Brasil, o cruzamento das informações obtidas no estudo das captações da RMR torna possível afirmar que o envase e comercialização de água mineral na Região são atividades de alta lucratividade, sazonal, porém perene, de baixo risco com margem para expansão. No aspecto físico-químico, que determina a qualidade do produto, os dados coletados mostram a necessidade de maior fiscalização dos órgãos competentes para exigência do cumprimento das normas como os limites recomendados para o pH que é atendido por apenas 14% das indústrias avaliadas. Este estudo pode contribuir para o maior conhecimento e aperfeiçoamento das práticas e das Leis de monitoramento e análise do processo de industrialização e comercialização da água mineral em Pernambuco
43
ASSIS, Artur Angelo Alcântara de, and Júlio César de SOUZA. "Panorama da Indústria de Água Mineral Na Região Metropolitana do Recife." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11685.
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Este estudo produz um panorama da indústria da água mineral na Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), registrando seus impactos econômicos, assim como o cumprimento da legislação em vigor. Outro aspecto identificado e avaliado é a qualidade do produto consumido pelos pernambucanos a partir dos parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. A revisão bibliográfica apresenta os aspectos científicos e técnicos necessários para o aproveitamento da água mineral e o processo de legalização da indústria. A pesquisa envolveu visitas técnicas ao Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral – DNPM, para coletar os dados indispensáveis a este estudo; e aos complexos industriais da RMR, para conhecimento presencial do processo produtivo. O estudo descritivo foi adotado a fim de identificar os tipos de captações, volume comercializado, empregos gerados, custo operacional, lucro líquido inicial, características físico-químicas dos produtos envasados nos complexos em atividade na RMR. Pernambuco é o segundo estado em volume de produção de água mineral no Brasil, o cruzamento das informações obtidas no estudo das captações da RMR torna possível afirmar que o envase e comercialização de água mineral na Região são atividades de alta lucratividade, sazonal, porém perene, de baixo risco com margem para expansão. No aspecto físico-químico, que determina a qualidade do produto, os dados coletados mostram a necessidade de maior fiscalização dos órgãos competentes para exigência do cumprimento das normas como os limites recomendados para o pH que é atendido por apenas 14% das indústrias avaliadas. Este estudo pode contribuir para o maior conhecimento e aperfeiçoamento das práticas e das Leis de monitoramento e análise do processo de industrialização e comercialização da água mineral em Pernambuco.
44
Silva, Jose Otavio da. "Analise economico-financeira comparativa de empresas produtoras de ouro." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Celso Pinto FerrazDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta as características gerais da indústria de mineração e as especificidades da indústria do ouro. São apresentados os diferentes tipos de depósitos e de processos de produção, através dos quais o ouro é produzido, buscando ilustrar as variações que os elementos do custo de produção podem ter para cada situação. Além disso, são apresentadas as principais variáveis endógenas e exógenas que influenciam o mercado, provocando oscilações nos preços. Em seguida, através dos dados dos balanços (ativo e passivo) e demonstrativos de resultados, é feita a análise econômico-financeira comparativa para o período 1991-1995, de cinco empresas: Barrick Gold Corporation(Canadá), Elandsrand Gold Mining Limited (África do Sul), Mineração Morro Velho Ltda. (Brasil), Newcrest Mining Limited (Austrália) e Newmont Mining Corporation (Estados Unidos), empresas que se dedicam exclusivamente à mineração de ouro em países com certa tradição. Foram realizadas a análise convencional (vertical e horizontal) , tendo como referência os indicadores de vendas brutas, custos, lucro líquido, liquidez corrente, grau de endividamento, rentabilidade do patrimônio líquido, retomo dos investimentos, margem operacional e margem líquida e a análise pelo modelo Fleuriet que enfoca o capital de giro, as necessidades do capital de giro, o saldo de tesouraria e o "efeito tesoura" . O estudo aponta em seu desenvolvimento que, das empresas selecionadas, o destaque de melhor desempenho, no aspecto econômico e financeiro, está associado à combinação de baixo custo operacional e reservas com alto teor, características intrínsecas ao depósito mineral e a existência de programas de hedge para proteção contra as instabilidades adotada pela administração da empresa
Abstract: This dissertation presents the general characteristics of the mineral industry and the specifications of gold industry. Different kinds of deposits and production procedures are shown through which gold is producted, trying to demonstrate the variations that the elements of production cost may have for each situation. Besides, the main endogenous and exogenous variables are shown, influencing the market, and causing oscillations in the prices. Afterwards, through the balance data (asset and liability) and statement of results the comparative economic and financial analysis of five companies is done for the 1991-1995 period : Barrick Gold Corporation (Canada), Elandsrand Gold Mining Limited (South Africa), Mineração Morro Velho Ltda. (Brazil), Newcrest Mining Limited (Australia) and Newmont Mining Corporation (USA), are companies that lead exclusively with gold mining in countries which have certain tradition. The conventional analysis (vertical and horizontal) was done, having as references the gross sales indicators, cost, net profits, current liquidity, levei debt, net worth profitability, investment retum, operacional and liquid margin and through the analysis by Fleuriet method which points out the working capital, the working capital necessities, the treasury balance and li treasure effect". The study shows in its development that, among these selected companies, the best performance, in the economical and financial aspect, is associated to the combination with the low operational cost and high grade reserves, characteristics of the mineral deposit as well as the fact of existing the hedge program for protection against the instability used by the administration of the company
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
45
Pettersson, Fredrik. "Mineral policies and the Ghanaian economy /." Luleå, 2002. http://epubl.luth.se/1404-5508/2002/070.
Повний текст джерела
46
Coolbaugh, Mark Franklin. "GEOLOGY AND ECONOMIC MINERAL POTENTIAL OF UPPER BROWNS CREEK BASIN, CHAFFEE COUNTY, COLORADO." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275257.
Повний текст джерела
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Garcia, Marco Antonio Alves. "O manganes e seus usos industriais." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Celso Pinto FerrazDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O manganês tem um uso essencial na produção industrial da sociedade moderna. Sua principal aplicação está associada a produção de ferro e aço, na qual não tem um substituto que se aproxime de seu desempenho técnico e de suas vantagens econômicas. Diversas outras aplicações utilizam o manganês e seus produtos, tanto como componente de produtos, como para insumo de processos. É de grande destaque sua participação na composição de fertilizantes, ração animal e fabricação de pilhas. Se por um lado, cada uso requer certas especificações físicas e químicas da matéria-prima, tanto em ralação ao seu conteúdo útil, como ao seu conteúdo de impurezas e contaminantes, por outro lado, o manganês é obtido de depósitos que ocorrem naturalmente na crosta da Terra, cuja composição é resultado de uma complexa mineralogia representada pela presença possível de mais de 300 espécies minerais fazendo com que, mesmo dentro de um depósito ocorram minerais de composição muito variável. O encontro entre as características mais ajustadas a cada aplicação industrial e as mais adequadas às possibilidades de produção de matérias-primas de cada depósito, pode, não só, ser um importante elemento de competitividade, como um fator de aumento do valor do produto melhorando viabilidade econômica da lavra. Isso só será possível se houver um maior conhecimento entre a assinatura geoquímica das diferentes porções de cada tipo de depósito de manganês, e as características químicas e físicas requeri das pelos seus diversos usos, conforme se busca realizar nesta dissertação
Abstract: Manganese has an essential use in modero industrial production. Its principal application is associated with iron and steel production in which its technical performance and economic advantages finds no substitute. Manganese and its by products are used in many other areas, both as a component and a raw material. Its most predominat use is in fertilizer, animal food industries and manufacture of batteries. If on one hand, each application demands specific requirements of physical and chemical raw materials, whether in its content or impurities and contaminants, on the other hand, manganese is obtained from natural deposits in the earth's crust. Their composition is a result of a mineral complex of more than 300 species of which varied mineral composition can be found within a deposito Aligning the chacacteristics that conforms to each industrial use and the ones more adjusted for the production of raw materials, can not only be an important competitive element but also a value increasing factor of the product, making mining viable. This is only possible with a more extensive knowledge of the different geochemical types of manganese deposits and the chemical and physical characteristcs required by its diverse uses, as sought out in this thesis
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências
48
ANDRADE, José Guedes de. "Competitividade na exploração mineral: um modelo de avaliação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 2001. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/jspui/handle/doc/14675.
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Campos, Thales de Souza. "Os recursos minerais do Morro de Urucum e o desenvolvimento regional." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286962.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Luiz Augusto Milani MartinsDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Os recursos minerais de ferro e manganês do Morro do Urucum, Município de Corumbá, região do Pantanal do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, são conhecidos há mais de um século. Porém, sua localização geográfica distante dos centros consumidores e a existência de reservas de minérios melhor localizadas, têm dificultado o seu aproveitamento. As possibilidades de: implantação do Gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil; instalação da Zona de Processamento de Exportação de Corumbá; melhoramentos da Hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná; construção da Ferrovia da Produção e a efetivação do Mercosul, são fatores que favorecem a explotação desses recursos, e a transformação da região em um grande pólo de mineração e siderurgia. Os efeitos destas atividades no meio ambiente podem ser minimizados através da adoção de tecnologia apropriada, hoje à disposição das indústrias. Entretanto, a implantação da infraestrutura, principalmente os melhoramentos da Hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná, podem provocar impactos ambientais irreversíveis à fauna, flora e ao Pantanal
Abstract: The deposits of iron and manganese ores of Morro de Urucum in Corumbá, region of the lowlands of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, are known for over a century. However, their geographic location, far from the domestic markets and the existence of other better located ore deposits have until now hindered their exploitation. The possibility of the construction of the Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline, the installation of an Export Processing Zone in Corumbá, the improvement of the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway, the construction of the Production Railway and the installation of the Mercosul, are factors that will eventually favor the exploitation of these resources and help in transforming the region into a center of mining and steel industries. The environmental effects of the rnining and steel industries can be minirnized by the adoption of appropriate technology, available today. However, the building of the infrastructure, mainly the improvement of the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway, can bring deleterious environrnental impacts to the fauna, flora and lowlands of MaTo Grosso do Sul
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências
50
Cárdenas, Ibáñez Fabián Andrés. "Un modelo basado en agentes para explicar tendencias de largo plazo en precios de commodities." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ingeniero Civil de MinasHistorically commodity prices have shown a tendency to move cyclically. However, these trends have only been identified a posteriori and have not been considered to try to obtain future trends, with the hypothesis that future prices are unpredictable. During the first years of this century, metals of industrial use went through a phase of sustained increase in their prices, reaching prices levels unprecedented in recent history. This boom generated significant changes both in the global mining industry and in the economies of the main exporting countries, including Chile. Given the relevance of the mining industry in the Chilean economy, it is vital to have methodologies that allow an estimation of the future price. Several methodologies have been used for these purposes; Being the most relevant econometric, financial and structural. None of them is capable of generating price trajectories like those historically observed in commodities. It is therefore necessary to look for new methodologies that account for these cycles. This thesis proposes to use an agent-based model to model the copper market. In this class of models individual economic agents are constructed, which have their own characteristics and autonomy to make decisions as the system advances. They are also characterized by being able to capture properties that emerge from the interaction of all elements of the system. The proposed model considers a system populated by deposits, mines, plaintiffs and a coordinating market, the price variable being an emergent property resulting from the interaction of the mentioned agents. The model also considers two types of decision, the decision of production and the decision of investment, which have consequences in the short and long term respectively. The price trajectories generated by the model indicate that the price cycles emerge as a consequence of the dynamics of the industry, mainly the delay between investment and the start of production. Another notable aspect is that price cycles emerge independently of the properties of mines and deposits; this fact is consistent with what is observed where the prices of different commodities tend to move together following a cyclical behaviour despite the differences in their extraction and concentration processes. Finally, there is a need to carry out research in this area, emphasizing aspects such as the mechanism by which prices are formed, developing variables that can adjust the model to different commodities and improving the method through which agents make decisions.