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1
FIELKE, SIMON J., and DOUGLAS K. BARDSLEY. "A Brief Political History of South Australian Agriculture." Rural History 26, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679331400017x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract:This paper aims to explain why South Australian agricultural land use is focused on continually increasing productivity, when the majority of produce is exported, at the long-term expense of agriculturally-based communities and the environment. A historical analysis of literature relevant to the agricultural development of South Australia is used chronologically to report aspects of the industry that continue to cause concerns in the present day. The historically dominant capitalist socio-economic system and ‘anthropocentric’ world views of farmers, politicians, and key stakeholders have resulted in detrimental social, environmental and political outcomes. Although recognition of the environmental impacts of agricultural land use has increased dramatically since the 1980s, conventional productivist, export oriented farming still dominates the South Australian landscape. A combination of market oriented initiatives and concerned producers are, however, contributing to increasing the recognition of the environmental and social outcomes of agricultural practice and it is argued here that South Australia has the opportunity to value multifunctional land use more explicitly via innovative policy.
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Thomsen, D. A., and J. Davies. "Social and cultural dimensions of commercial kangaroo harvest in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kangaroo management is important to the sustainability of Australia’s rangeland landscapes. The commercial harvest of kangaroos assists in reduction of total grazing pressure in the rangelands and provides the potential for supplementary income to pastoralists. Indeed, the commercial kangaroo industry is considered by natural resource scientists as one of the few rural industry development options with potential to provide economic return with minimal environmental impact. While the biology and population ecology of harvested kangaroo species in Australia is the subject of past and present research, the social, institutional and economic issues pertinent to the commercial kangaroo industry are not well understood. Our research is addressing the lack of understanding of social issues around kangaroo management, which are emerging as constraints on industry development. The non-indigenous stakeholders in kangaroo harvest are landholders, regional management authorities, government conservation and primary production agencies, meat processors, marketers and field processors (shooters) and these industry players generally have little understanding of what issues the commercial harvest of kangaroos presents to Aboriginal people. Consequently, the perspectives and aspirations of Aboriginal people regarding the commercial harvest of kangaroos are not well considered in management, industry development and planning. For Aboriginal people, kangaroos have subsistence, economic and cultural values and while these values and perspectives vary between language groups and individuals, there is potential to address indigenous issues by including Aboriginal people in various aspects of kangaroo management. This research also examines the Aboriginal interface with commercial kangaroo harvest, and by working with Aboriginal people and groups is exploring several options for greater industry involvement. The promotion of better understandings between indigenous and non-indigenous people with interests in kangaroo management could promote industry development through the marketing of kangaroo as not only clean and green, but also as a socially just product.
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Munyasya, Brenda, and Nicholas Chileshe. "Towards Sustainable Infrastructure Development: Drivers, Barriers, Strategies, and Coping Mechanisms." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the advent of the new Sustainable Development Goals, and noted benefits around the social, economic, and environmental aspects, the sustainable infrastructure development (SID) implementation process faces a number of challenges. Moreover, while there is a plethora of studies around sustainable infrastructure, there are limited studies undertaken on the influencing drivers and barriers particularly within the South Australian construction industry. This paper is aimed at filling that knowledge gap by identifying and ranking the drivers and barriers of SID implementation in South Australian construction organizations. A sequential mixed methods approach comprising questionnaires and interviews was conducted among construction professionals. The highly ranked drivers were identified as innovation, standardization of the word ‘sustainability’ (knowledge improvement), and close interaction of all involved stakeholders. “Lack of steering mechanism”, “multi-disciplinary nature of the word “sustainability”, and “lack of cooperation and networking” were the critical barriers. Suggested strategies and coping mechanisms for overcoming these barriers include instilling sustainability awareness, sustainability specifications, and governance frameworks. Strong and positive relationships were evident amongst all the drivers. This paper provides further insights into the knowledge and awareness of these drivers, which are cardinal to increased uptake of SID by the stakeholders, and barriers to overcome.
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Navarrete-Oyarce, José, Juan Alejandro Gallegos, Hugo Moraga-Flores, and José Luis Gallizo. "Integrated Reporting as an Academic Research Concept in the Area of Business." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147741.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent financial scandals and the global financial crisis have generated numerous criticisms of the value and use of annual financial and sustainability reports prepared by companies. This has generated the elaboration and use of a new model of corporate-information reporting that considers strategic, social, economic, and environmental aspects. This study synthesizes the knowledge of the use of integrated reporting as a source of information, and bibliometrically analyzes of 268 articles published in the Web of Science database in 2011–2019. Results show that 77.6% of the academic articles were from developed countries, and the five most influential countries are Italy, South Africa, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results show that the development of this type of research is scarce in emerging economies. The most influential authors are García, Rodríguez, and De Villiers. A high level of interconnections is observed in used keywords, of which the most used are ‘sustainability’ and ‘management’. Lastly, this article contributes to the international discussion on integrated reporting by carrying out a structured review of the literature, highlighting previous research.
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Saher, Liudmyla, Tatjana Tambovceva, and Radoslaw Miskiewicz. "Research Progress and Knowledge Structure of Inclusive Growth: A Bibliometric Analysis." Virtual Economics 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2021.04.04(1).
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental and socio-political challenges of today show that traditional models of economic growth and valuation methods, which are based primarily on financial profitability, are not always optimal, but the concept of inclusive growth is gaining popularity. In January 2018, the Inclusive Growth and Development Index was presented at the 48th World Economic Forum in Davos. But the relatively new concept of inclusive growth and its economic meaning remains insufficiently studied and needs further research. Accordingly, the paper aims at providing a bibliometric overview to determine the current state of scientific production in "inclusive growth". Scopus Database was selected as the primary data source. The scientific literature was searched based on the titles, abstracts, and author keywords with the following search strategy: "inclusive growth". A time span of 10 years was set, and thus, only literature published from 2012 to 2021 was included. To obtain a more comprehensive analysis VOSviewer 1.6.16 software was used for mapping and visualizing bibliometric networks of scientific publications. A study of the geographical affiliation of researchers in this area showed that the most significant number of publications was published by scientists from the USA, India, Great Britain, China, South Africa, Australia, Spain, Italy, Canada, and Germany. The average growth rate of publications in this field is the highest among scientists in Spain, Italy, and China. The interest in the topic is constantly growing. As a result of a bibliometric analysis of 2000 publications indexed by the Scopus database from 2012 to 2021, devoted to the issues of inclusive growth, 8 clusters were identified: environmental problems, role, and opportunities of stakeholders in increasing inclusive growth, population movement under the influence of micro-and macro-environmental factors to achieve sustainable development goals, inequality, analysis of economic and population development factors in the context of achieving sustainable development goals, inclusive growth essence, and parameters, poverty. The issues of regional aspects and mechanisms for attaining inclusive growth goals, as well as issues of regulating and ensuring stakeholders' interests, including issues of communication and promotion of inclusive growth paradigm, risk assessment of implementing inclusive economic principles, and formalization of impact factors remain unexplored.
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Washington, Tracy L., Debra Flanders Cushing, Janelle Mackenzie, Laurie Buys, and Stewart Trost. "Fostering Social Sustainability through Intergenerational Engagement in Australian Neighborhood Parks." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 4435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social sustainability includes aspects of equity and is associated with two of the United Nations Sustainable Development goals focused on promoting good health and well-being for all ages. Yet, this pillar of sustainability is considered the least understood, as compared to economic and environmental components. To address this, our study focused on intergenerational engagement within residential neighborhood parks to foster social sustainability and encourage healthy and active living. This study included an intercept survey with open-ended questions of 386 adult park users within 12 parks in South-East Queensland, one of Australia’s fastest-growing areas. Approximately two-thirds (68%) of adult participants visited the park with one or more children, primarily to use the playground. Further thematic analysis shows that intergenerational interactions predominantly include adults playing with or teaching children. However, intergenerational interactions were limited in numerous situations, such as when adults accompany older children. This paper concludes with a discussion on potential ways to increase intergenerational interactions in parks to promote health and well-being for all ages, thus increasing social sustainability within residential developments.
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Amoako, Kwame Oduro, Beverley R. Lord, and Keith Dixon. "Sustainability reporting." Meditari Accountancy Research 25, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 186–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-02-2016-0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Sustainability reporting serves as a means of communication between corporations and their stakeholders on sustainability issues. This study aims to identify and account for the contents of sustainability reporting communicated through the websites of the plants in five continents of the same multinational mining corporation. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data published by Newmont Mining Corporation. The corporation has regional headquarters in five continents: Africa, Asia, Australia and North America and South America. The data were drawn from the websites of the five plants adjacent to those regional headquarters. Economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability as reported by each plant were identified; to do so, a disclosure analysis based on the elements of the Global Reporting Initiative and the United Nations Division for Sustainability Development was used. These aspects were then compared and contrasted to highlight if, and to what extent, institutional isomorphism influences variations in sustainability disclosures among plants compared with the parent company. Findings It was found that most of the reporting about sustainability matters comprises narratives; there were also a few physical measures but very little financial information. Notwithstanding that the websites of all five plants used similar headings, the contents of reports differed. The reports from the plants in Australia, South America and Africa were more comprehensive than those from the plants in Asia and North America. The authors attribute these differences to institutionalisation of location-specific characteristics, including management discretion, legislation and societal pressures influencing sustainability reporting. The authors argue that managers responsible for preparing sustainability reports and who work essentially as sustainability accountants should develop templates and measures to raise the standard and comprehensiveness of reports for improved communication, information and behaviour. Originality/value Extant studies on sustainability reporting have focused mainly on comparisons between sustainability reports published by different corporations or sustainability reports published in different years by the same corporation. The authors believe that this is one of the first studies to have examined differences in sustainability information published by different subsidiaries within the same large corporation and the first to show how concurrent disclosures can differ.
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Murphy, Brian, and Peter Fogarty. "Application of the Soil Security Concept to Two Contrasting Soil Landscape Systems—Implications for Soil Capability and Sustainable Land Management." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil security identifies global challenges and a series of dimensions that are necessary requirements to meet those global challenges using sustainable land management. The soil security concept is applied to two contrasting soil landscape systems with varying climate, landform and soil types. Previous methodologies for assessing land and soil capability are combined within the soil security conceptual approach. The land and soil capability methodologies are used to assess how the soil condition changes in response to the stresses and forcing associated with land management and land and soil degradation processes. It is the soil capability that defines how the soil condition changes between the reference state of the soil condition, or the genoform, and the soil condition under land use, or the phenoform. The conclusion is that soil capability, which is one of the dimensions used to apply the soil security concept, is a complex dimension and has several aspects or further facets to be considered to achieve sustainable land management. It is apparent that in assessing soil capability, the following facets are relevant. I: The capacity of the soil to provide ecosystem services to meet the global challenges outlined for Soil Security. II: The stability of the soil condition to land degradation processes resulting from the effects of land management practices and the environmental stresses on the soil. III: The capacity to recover following degradation. Facets II and III can be considered the resilience. An important conclusion is that the soil capability cannot be assessed without taking into account features of the landscape including climate and landform. Two examples from south eastern Australia of the application of these facets of soil capability to on-ground situations are presented. The Cowra Trough Red Soils in the Australian wheat belt are a set of soils, primarily contributing to meeting the global challenge of food security. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils are water erosion and soil acidification. The Kosciusko National Park in the Snowy Mountains region is primarily contributing to meeting the challenges of water security for the irrigation industry in the Murray Darling Basins and energy security through the production of hydroelectricity. The set of soil landscapes also contributes to biodiversity protection and human health and well-being. The major degradation processes threatening the stability of these soils and their capacity to meet the global challenges are water and wind erosion. A major limitation is the poor capacity of these soils to recover once degraded. Identifying the main ecosystem services provided by the two examples, together with the major risks of land degradation can clarify extension, economic and policy aspects of sustainable land management for the two sets of soil landscapes. For the Cowra Trough Red Soils, management of water erosion and soil acidification are essential for maintaining the contribution of the area to food security. For the Kosciusko National Park, the control of water and wind erosion are essential to maintain the contribution of the area to water and energy security.
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Visentini, Paulo G. Fagundes, and André Luiz Reis da Silva. "Brazil and the economic, political, and environmental multilateralism: the Lula years (2003-2010)." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 53, spe (December 2010): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-73292010000300004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses Brazil's multilateral policy under Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's administration, highlighting economic, political and environmental themes. The main argument is that Brazil's multilateral relations during this government reached a new significance with the reinforcement of international coalitions and the articulation with the country's new development model. The country has been using multilateral forums as a way to achieve international projection and support for its development project, highlighting bargaining aspects, variable geometry coalitions and the strengthening of South-South cooperation
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Abdo, Linda, Sandy Griffin, and Annabeth Kemp. "Apples for Oranges: Disparities in Offset Legislation and Policy among Jurisdictions and its Implications for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Australia." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i1.14081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a signatory to Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including the Sustainable Development Goals) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Australia has an international obligation to ensure sustainable development. Biodiversity offsets are one tool used by Australian regulators to allow development to continue, whilst ensuring international obligations for sustainable development are met. In this study, legislation, policy and published guidelines for the Australian Commonwealth, states and territories were analysed to determine if the application of biodiversity offsets was consistent with the principles of sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) and if the allowance of biodiversity offsets in different jurisdictions created gaps in biodiversity and environmental protection across Australia. Regulation of biodiversity offsets was found to be inconsistent between the Commonwealth and the states and territories, with most jurisdictions having less than 50% similarity. This inconsistency in offset policy and legislation between jurisdictions could lead to loss of biodiversity. Additionally, jurisdictions did not adequately consider the social and economic aspects of sustainability in relation to biodiversity offsets, meaning that, through the allowance of biodiversity offsets, Australia may not be meeting their international obligations related to sustainable development. Further legislative development for biodiversity offsets is required in Australia to improve environmental protection and to adequately consider all aspects of sustainability. The Council of Australian Governments is a mechanism that could be used to ensure all jurisdictions consider the aspects of sustainability consistently in relation to biodiversity offsets.
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Andronova, Inna, and Andrei Sakharov. "BRICS Sustainable Development Index: Methodological Aspects." International Organisations Research Journal 17, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2022-03-02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses the methodological aspects of comparative research on sustainable development in order to form the BRICS Sustainable Development Index. The index can be considered as a mechanism for assessing the progress of the five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2015–20. The authors systematize the accumulated experience of international studies, indices, and rankings that address social, economic, and environmental aspects of sustainability, highlighting the key research problems of these works and intrinsic issues of the SDG methodological framework in general. The methodology of the BRICS Sustainable Development Index is described in detail, taking into account the conclusions on the applicability of the available experience for the purposes of the current study. The final section presents the interim results of the Index.
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Katz, Mike. "International Professional Development Cooperation Study Tours for Environmental, Social and Sustainable Development for the Indian Mining Sector." Journal of International Cooperation and Development 5, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2022-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Key Centre for Mines International, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia undertook professional development mining education and cooperation training study tours for overseas government fellows and groups as well as private mining companies from 1988 – 2010. During the technical environmental development short courses at the university and visits to Australian mines and government offices, the programs also covered important social and sustainable aspects as well as relevant briefings on government mining law and regulations, industry’s best practice and community engagement. Details are presented for two major successful international cooperation Indian projects, a World Bank mine environment program in 2004 for state government officials and a TATA Steel Limited coal and iron mine executives and managers training program in 2010.
Received: 21 April 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022
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Rameezdeen, Raufdeen, Jian Zuo, and Jack Stevens. "Practices, drivers and barriers of implementing green leases: lessons from South Australia." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 19, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-04-2016-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the practices, drivers and barriers which influence the implementation of green leases in South Australia. Despite some efforts on legal aspects of green leases, only a few studies have examined these aspects from an operational perspective. In addition, very little empirical evidence was presented in previous studies to show how green leases work in real-life settings. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with landlord and tenant representatives who have considerable experience in green leases. These interviewees were selected via a purposive sampling technique that identified buildings which use green leases in South Australia. The concept of interface management (IM) was used to operationalize this research. Findings The green leases were found to be mainly initiated by tenants while government involvement, economic and environmental benefits are the main drivers in South Australia. Drivers such as staff retention, well-being and corporate social responsibility are found to be more relevant to tenants. Lack of awareness and transaction costs are the main barriers to the implementation of green leases. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the South Australian context and mainly covers dark green leases. There are implications for the government’s continued involvement and the promotion of lighter shades of green leases to overcome operational issues and barriers identified in this study. Originality/value This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the subject of green lease implementation from an operational perspective. In addition, the study introduces a conceptual framework via IM that could be used in future research endeavours.
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Laws, R. A., T. Aust, and M. Malavazos. "ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF THE UPSTREAM PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
South Australia has adopted a regulatory framework for the upstream petroleum industry within which environmental objectives are established through a consultative process. A principal focus of the new regime is the building of community confidence in the environmental performance of the industry and the capability of its regulator. Without such confidence, restrictions on access to land can be expected to grow. Denial of access will result in resources lying undiscovered and undeveloped to the economic detriment of the industry and the community.The development of the new legislative framework was underpinned by modern regulatory principles and practices with particular regard to applying the principles of certainty, openness, transparency, flexibility, practicability and efficiency. Transparency and consultative processes were considered particularly important in addressing concerns of conflict of interest and the risk of regulator capture.The new Act provides that no activity can occur unless it is covered by a statement of environmental objectives (SEO), developed on the basis of an environmental impact report (EIR). SEOs also contain the methodology by which compliance with achievement of objectives is assessed. Once an SEO is in place, it can be used throughout the industry for like activities. Compliance costs for both government and industry will be reduced as a result. Approval time frames and the potential for delays will also be significantly improved. SEOs are now in place for all normal Cooper and Otway Basin seismic, drilling, pipelining and production activities, although some are in interim form and are under review.Public consultation on the EIR and draft SEO is undertaken for significant activities. Criteria to assist determination of the degree of significance of proposed activities have been established. Based on the degree of predicability and manageability of the likely impacts of the activity, these criteria provide a useful framework within which the necessary value judgements can be made.Consultation is confined within government for non significant activity proposals. Inter-agency agreements have been put in place to facilitate this process.Copies of all EIRs, SEOs and significance assessments are made available via the World Wide Web. Company annual licence environmental compliance reports plus summaries of results of audits by inspectors are also made public in the same way.The Act includes the concept of the enforcement pyramid in which a range of actions escalating in severity can be applied to suit any degree of non-compliance. In addition, companies who exhibit a history of compliance, plus a capacity to comply in the future, are rewarded by up to a 50% reduction in licence fees and do not need to seek approval for routine activities.
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Baum, Fran, and Paul Butler. "Health and the New World Order: An International Conference in South Africa and its Implications for Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 3 (1997): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In January 1997, 400 delegates from more than 20 countries gathered in Cape Town at an International Conference focusing on the impact of the new world economic order on health and health care. The themes of the conference were: (i) challenges facing Primary Health Care (ii) Health for All - innovative local programs and global strategies (iii) The Global Crisis - economic structural adjustment programs and environmental destruction, and (iv) the World Bank - 'Investing in Health' or prescription for under-development? In this paper some of the proceedings and outcomes from the Conference are described and some of the implications for Australia discussed. The issues include wealth and racism as major public health issues in Australia; Australian Aid funding; how to maintain the principles of primary health care; and the importance of global progressive networks in an era of multi-national companies.
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Jia, Ling, Hong Gan, and Chang Hai Qin. "Review of Research on Water Accounting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current progress of water accounting was reviewed systematically in the paper. The result of water accounting is outstanding in some countries abroad, like Australia, South Africa, and European Union (EU) countries. In China, the exploratory research appeared in the 1990s. The study showed that theoretical framework of water resource accounting is basically formed, and research on physical accounting of water resources is abundant. However, some aspects, such as estimate of value, compilation of water economy accounts, and coupling between water resources accounting and national economic accounting system need improvement, which can provide methodological support for the water accounting system and valuable reference for integrated environmental economic accounting system (SEEA).
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Zhiznin, S. Z., and V. M. Timokhov. "Geopolitical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Energy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(43) (August 28, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-64-73.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nuclear power in its present form was created during the Cold War and is its heritage. The main objective of nuclear energy at that time, along with energy, was the creation and accumulation of nuclear materials. To this aim a existing nuclear power plants based on uranium-plutonium cycle. Everything else - the processing of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, storage, recycling themselves nuclear power plant after its end of life, the risks of proliferation of nuclear materials and other environmental issues - minor. It was also believed that the nuclear power plant - the most reliable and safe plant. During the last twenty years all over the world the number of new orders for nuclear aggregates has decreased. That happens for a number of reasons, including public resistance, that the construction of new NPP and the excess of energy utilities in many markets, which is mainly connected with high market competition in energy markets and low economic indicators of the current nuclear utilities. The technology that consists of low capital costs, a possibility for quick construction and guarantied exploitation quality is on the winners side, but currently this technology is absent. However, despite abovementioned downsides, as the experience of state corporation "Rosatom"has shown, many developing countries of the South-east Asia, The middle East, African regions express high interest in the development of nuclear energy in their countries. The decision whether to develop nuclear energy or to continue to develop is, in the end, up to the choice of the tasks that a country faces. The article describes these "minor" issues, as well as geopolitical and economic problems of the further development of nuclear energy.
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Adamišin, Peter, and Emília Huttmanová. "The analysis of the energy intensity of economies by selected indicators of sustainability (Rio+ 20)." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v2i1.30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the status and the development of energy intensity in selected countries of Central and South-eastern Europe. Reducing of energy consumption is one of the ways to ensure not only economic, but also environmental aspects of sustainability.This paper describes the relationship between economic development and energy intensity of countries, particularly the countries of the selected region.
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Dharma, Wira, and Anita Ruzana. "Pengembangan Motif Aceh dan Penataan Ruang Kerja Bagi Pengrajin Souvenir." COMSEP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54951/comsep.v2i2.82.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a strategic role in national economic development because they also play a role in the distribution of development results in addition to playing a role in economic growth and employment. In the economic crisis that has occurred in our country since a few years ago, where many large-scale businesses have stagnated and even stopped their activities, the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector has proven to be more resilient in dealing with this crisis. UMKM companies in the Aceh handicraft sector located in the city of Banda Aceh can produce products that have export opportunities or are indirectly brought out of the country, namely Malaysia. Thailand, America, Australia, Dubai, London, South Africa, and Singapore, therefore, need to apply the right business development strategy to face competition and be recognized by the wider community, one way to implement a competitiveness strategy is to carry out coaching. and guidance on the production process for UKM Riska Souvenir Aceh, especially on the aspects of work stations and the development of Acehnese motifs.
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Schneider, P., A. Davison, A. Langdon, G. Freeman, C. Essery, R. Beatty, and P. Toop. "Integrated water cycle planning for towns in New South Wales, Australia." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integration means different things to different people and as a consequence appears to only partially deliver on promised outcomes. For effective integrated water cycle management these outcomes should include improved water use efficiency, less waste, environmental sustainability, and provide secure and reliable supply to meet social and economic needs. The objective of integration is the management and combination of all these outcomes as part of a whole, so as to provide better outcomes than would be expected by managing the parts independently. Integration is also a consequence of the Water Reforms embarked on by the NSW State Government in 1995. The key goals of the reforms are clean and healthy rivers and groundwaters, and the establishment of more secure water entitlements for users. They are also essential for meeting the Council of Australian Government (COAG) water management strategies. The policies and guidelines that formed the NSW Water Reforms were the basis of the Water Management Act 2000 (NSW) (WMA) which is the legislative framework for water management in NSW. The NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation has developed an approach to integrated water cycle management for rural centres in NSW based on a catchment and policy context. This approach includes consideration of catchment wide needs and issues, environmental sustainability, government policy and community objectives in the development of an integrated water cycle plan. The approach provides for a transparent assessment of priorities and how to deal with them, and while specific to urban centres, could easily be expanded for use in the management of the whole of the catchment water cycle. Integration of the water cycle is expected to offer benefits to the local environment, community and economy. For instance, any unused proportion of an urban centre's water entitlement, or an offset against this entitlement created through returned flows (such as via good quality sewage effluent discharge to a river), can provide a surplus which is available to be traded on an annual basis. Further, improved demand management within an urban centre can be expected to result in a reduction in abstraction against the licence entitlement. This may result in the increased availability of in-stream water for environmental or other purposes and is expected to increase the economic value of returned water. Improved water use efficiencies are also expected to result in reduced capital works (and their associated costs) as the efficiency of service delivery and resource use improves. In this paper an example of the application of this process is provided and the outcomes discussed.
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Carlsen, Jack. "Economic Evaluation of Recreation and Tourism in Natural Areas: A Case Study in New South Wales, Australia." Tourism Economics 3, no. 3 (September 1997): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300302.
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Provision of information for the purposes of evaluating and monitoring recreation and tourism land use is a conceptually difficult task for economists and land managers. A range of techniques has been developed since the pioneering work of Clawson and Knetsch in the 1960s to estimate the market value of recreation and tourism in natural areas. These techniques involve a number of conceptual and practical difficulties when used for environmental auditing and evaluation purposes. This article outlines the process of evaluating recreation and tourism on public lands in order to provide information for an environmental audit of the Upper North East region of New South Wales. The range of market and non-market values associated with tourism and recreation on public lands is based on existing studies of the region. The values of commercial production, recreation and tourism on public lands are compared within a structural model (input–output) of the regional economy.
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Wang Chao. "Future development prospects for countries after signing the RCEP Agreement based on the GTAP Model." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.21.1.167.
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Subject. The article addresses impact factors for signing the RCEP Agreement (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) on the macro- and microeconomic environment and economic consequences of India's refusal to sign the said Agreement. Objectives. The purpose is to assess the possible impact of signing the RCEP Agreement on the world economy. Methods. The study employs the GTAP Model from the perspective of tariffs. I created two scenarios to simulate and analyze the impact of signing the RCEP Agreement on GDP, changes in human well-being, import and export trade, and specific industries. Results. The study shows that import and export trade and changes in the welfare of RCEP member countries have increased, and the economies of Japan, South Korea, China, Australia and New Zealand have boosted production and improved terms of trade, while the economies of India and ASEAN have experienced a certain negative impact and deterioration in terms of trade. The economies of non-RCEP countries have experienced a negative effect in all aspects. Conclusions. The signing of the RCEP Agreement has a significant positive impact on the economic interests of the participating countries, especially on the developed economies (Japan, Korea and Australia). At the same time, negative values of China, India and ASEAN in terms of GDP and terms of trade may indicate that developing economies will have negative consequences at the initial stage of free trade. However, from the point of view of changing imports and exports, the signing of the RCEP Agreement may increase the overall level of well-being.
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Subedi, Rajan, Sabitra Kaphle, Manju Adhikari, Yamuna Dhakal, Mukesh Khadka, Sabina Duwadi, Sunil Tamang, and Sonu Shakya. "First call, home: perception and practice around health among South Asian migrants in Melbourne, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 28, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py21036.
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The socio-cultural context of populations has a significant effect on health outcomes across every stage of life. In Australia, South Asian migrants have a comparatively higher incidence of chronic disease and less use of health services. Often overlooked are community views of health, cultural traits and belief systems. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence health perception and practice of South Asian migrants. The study used a mixed method approach with both a survey and interviews. A total of 62 participants between the age of 18 and 64 years were surveyed and 14 participants completed interviews. Data were analysed descriptively and thematically. South Asians share a common perception and practice around health and illness. This paper highlights two key findings. First, these groups take a broad view of health encompassing physical, mental, emotional, social and economic aspects of life. Second, these cultural groups do not seek medical help as their first choice, but have a high level of trust in family for providing health advice and share a belief in the effectiveness of home remedies for managing health conditions. Participants shared their expectation that the Australian health system should consider their socio-cultural construct to make services culturally safe and engaging to enhance service utilisation.
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Putri, Ratih Fitria, Josaphat Tetuko SriSumantyo, Sukamdi Sukamdi, and Rika Harini. "Human and Economic Resources Mapping Analysis to Evaluate the SDGs Accomplishment in South Kalimantan, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 51, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.39986.
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Natural resource abundance in South Kalimantan has been expected to optimize public services. The SDGs accomplishment requires an equitable implementation in economic, social, and environmental aspects. This research aimed to (1) discover the human and economic condition and (2) determine the development direction of South Kalimantan Province. It was based on institutional-secondary data that were processed in GIS software and analyzed with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results showed that: (1) the human resources in South Kalimantan could accelerate regional development—however, some of the qualitative indicators are associated with poverty complicated by gender disparity—, while the land resources became increasingly limited due to intensive agricultural practices that caused the rise of industrial and trade sectors; and (2) the development of South Kalimantan should improve people’s perception of gender-related topics, recruit more medical workers, and reduce pressures on agricultural land by switching into stable industrial activities.
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Sinnett, Alexandria, Ralph Behrendt, Christie Ho, and Bill Malcolm. "The carbon credits and economic return of environmental plantings on a prime lamb property in south eastern Australia." Land Use Policy 52 (March 2016): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.12.023.
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Zhuravlyov, Vladimir, Natalia Varkova, and Anna Zhuravleva. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSING THE STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF COAL MINING ENTERPRISES OF SAKHA, YAKUTIA." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 15, no. 4 (2021): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em210414.
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The presented article discusses the issues of sustainable development of industrial enterprises of Sakha, Yakutia. The objects of the study are coal industry enterprises located in the south of the republic. The main factors influencing the sustainable development of these enterprises are highlighted. The problem of the research lies in the insufficiently adequate assessment and consideration of the level of the ecological and economic state of an industrial enterprise in the system of mak-ing managerial decisions that affect the implementation of the strategy for sustainable business development. The main goal of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the system of as-sessing the ecological and economic component of the strategic management mechanism for the elaboration and implementation of the development strategy of industrial companies representing the coal mining industry of Yakutia. In this work, a methodological framework of the study, which is based on a systematic, inte-grated approach to managing the development of an enterprise, the concept of sustainable devel-opment, theory and practice of assessing the activities of an industrial enterprise, is presented. The article presents a refined model and algorithm for implementing the strategy of sustainable devel-opment of coal mining companies based on the assessment of the environmental state of busi-ness projects. Recommendations are proposed to improve the mechanisms for diagnosing and accounting for the state of the ecological and economic component in the subsystem for the development and adoption of managerial decisions that affect the implementation of the sustainable devel-opment strategy of an enterprise.
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Measham, Thomas G., Raymundo Marcos-Martinez, Lavinia Poruschi, and David Fleming-Muñoz. "Lessons from 5 years of GISERA economic research." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19226.
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Scientifically robust analysis of trade-offs for onshore gas activity can inform the design of strategies for socially acceptable and efficient use of energy resources. Here, we present lessons from a portfolio of research spanning three States and different industry stages conducted as part of the Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA). Considering the effects of onshore gas development on regional economies, an important lesson is to look at net changes, considering decreases as well as increases in economic activity. In Queensland, where competing claims about employment effects were raised in public debates, measuring reduced agricultural employment in addition to increases to the number of jobs in other sectors were crucial to providing a balanced analysis. Another lesson is to take a broad view of economic dimensions beyond employment and income. Our research shifted the public debate when we demonstrated that the construction phase in Queensland improved youth retention, gender balance and skill levels. Another lesson is that economic effects of gas development (positive or negative) can occur before stakeholders expect them. In New South Wales, we observed that the exploration phase had a significant positive effect on income (but not employment). A further lesson is that effects differ between domestic and export markets. Research from South Australia has demonstrated that the potential regional benefits of gas development substantially depend on meeting the energy needs of other local industries such as manufacturing. These lessons can inform public debate and policy settings and help balance different priorities such as energy needs, regional development and environmental sustainability.
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Živělová, I., and J. Jánský. "Analysis of life quality development in the administrative districts of South Moravia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 9 (September 24, 2008): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2702-agricecon.
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: The equable regional development and mitigation of disparities among the individual regions are main objectives of regional policy not only in the Czech Republic but in the whole European Union. The paper presents an analysis of life quality disparities among the administrative districts of the South-Moravian region (Jihomoravský kraj): Blansko, Brno-City, Brno-Province, Břeclav, Hodonín, Vyškov and Znojmo. The region of South Moravia belongs to the regions with a significant economic potential. However, not all districts contribute to this potential equally, the reason being their size, population and life quality. Life quality is affected by the environmental, social and cultural resources and by the region’s economic performance. It can be viewed from various aspects. The work is focused on the life quality indicators of social and cultural resources, which assess demographic development, age and intelligence structures, employment, unemployment and labour market, health care standard and civil amenities. The statistical analysis of the acquired data was made by using the methods of regression and correlation analyses and the cluster analysis.
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Mamun, Mehadi. "Human resource management practices and organisational performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises in Australia." Corporate Ownership and Control 19, no. 4 (2022): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv19i4art14.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the drivers of economic activities in Australia. The present study provides empirical evidence on the connexion between the four key dimensions of human resource management (HRM) practices and organisational performance, in response to the call by earlier researchers that the influence of specific HRM practices on organisational performance needs to be further investigated across different countries and organisational contexts. A survey among SMEs in the South-Western region of Sydney in Australia was conducted and self-reported measures were applied to attain data on HRM practice aspects and businesses’ performance. Regression analyses were employed to assess the proposed relationships, and it was found that all dimensions except training and development exhibited positive relationships to organisational performance, as hypothesised. Discussion on the findings is underlined, so as are the implications of this study, limitations, and avenues for future researchers.
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Dikshit, Abhirup, Biswajeet Pradhan, and Abdullah M. Alamri. "Temporal Hydrological Drought Index Forecasting for New South Wales, Australia Using Machine Learning Approaches." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060585.
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Droughts can cause significant damage to agriculture and water resources leading to severe economic losses. One of the most important aspects of drought management is to develop useful tools to forecast drought events, which could be helpful in mitigation strategies. The recent global trends in drought events reveal that climate change would be a dominant factor in influencing such events. The present study aims to understand this effect for the New South Wales (NSW) region of Australia, which has suffered from several droughts in recent decades. The understanding of the drought is usually carried out using a drought index, therefore the Standard Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) was chosen as it uses both rainfall and temperature parameters in its calculation and has proven to better reflect drought. The drought index was calculated at various time scales (1, 3, 6, and 12 months) using a Climate Research Unit (CRU) dataset. The study focused on predicting the temporal aspect of the drought index using 13 different variables, of which eight were climatic drivers and sea surface temperature indices, and the remainder were various meteorological variables. The models used for forecasting were an artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR). The model was trained from 1901–2010 and tested for nine years (2011–2018), using three different performance metric scores (coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The results indicate that ANN was better than SVR in predicting temporal drought trends, with the highest R2 value of 0.86 for the former compared to 0.75 for the latter. The study also reveals that sea surface temperatures and the climatic index (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) do not have a significant effect on the temporal drought aspect. The present work can be considered as a first step, wherein we only study the temporal trends, towards the use of climatological variables and drought incidences for the NSW region.
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Kallagov, Boris, Elkan Kharebov, Irina Totrova, and Elina Zakirova. "Environmental risks in the development of the regional socio-economic system and ensuring the environmental safety of Russian regions and the Republic of South Ossetia." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129604009.
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In recent decades, the rapidly developing industrial revolution has overshadowed environmental aspects. At the same time, the environmental factor can become a catalyst for negative trends associated with man-made disasters and the health of the region’s population. In this regard, the most important function of public authorities is the development of a set of legislative acts providing for environmental safety, considering the interests of economic entities in the context of effective functioning, ensuring control over compliance with this legislation. In the presented article, the authors analyse the experience of legislative regulation in the field of environmental protection in the Russian Federation. The authors examine in detail the environmental risks in the North Caucasian Federal District and the Republic of South Ossetia, which are closely linked by economic relations and which have many similar problems.
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Vietrynskyi, I. "Historical, Socio-cultural and International Political Preconditions for the Emergence and Formation of the Australian Union." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-4.
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The article examines the prerequisites for the creation and early stages of development of the Commonwealth of Australia from the founding of the first European colonies prior to the legal formalization of the federation. Also mentioned are the variability of approaches to the development of Australia’s historiography, in particular from the positions of classical English and modern Australian views. Also, the early stages of the development of the continent that preceded the discovery of Australia by Europeans are considered. It analyzes the wide context of geopolitical processes in Europe in the era of imperialism (XVI-XIX centuries), as well as the circumstances of the formation of large colonial empires. In particular, features of the status, place and role of England in the international political processes of the XVIІ and XVIII centuries are shown, and the stages of the formation of the British colonial empire are also considered. The complex of internal socio-economic as well as foreign policy prerequisites for the beginning of the colonization of Australia by Great Britain is analyzed, in particular the attention paid to the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution XVIII. The stages of formation of the British colonies in Australia, as well as the development of the mainland from the establishment of the first settlement - New South Wales until full control of the continent are investigated. The characteristics of the economic, social, political, demographic and other aspects of the development of Australian colonies are analyzed. The article discusses the evolution of trade and administrative relations between individual colonies, as well as the stages of preparation for the creation of a federation, which was called the Commonwealth of Australia and changed the country's colonial position to the dominion status in the British Empire. Particular attention is paid to the international political processes that accompanied the development of the Australian continent, as well as the role of colonial administrations in regional geopolitical processes, in particular the colonization of New Guinea.
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Alunaza, Hardi, Ireng Maulana, and Adityo Darmawan Sudagung. "The Pacific Solution as Australia Policy towards Asylum Seeker and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAs) in John Howard Era." Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 14, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v14i1.2789.61-75.
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<p>This research is attempted to answer the question of why John Howard used the Pacific Solution as Australian policy towards Asylum Seekers and Irregular Maritime Arrivals (IMAS). By using the descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the researchers took a specific interest in decision-making theory and sovereignty concept to analyze the phenomena. The policy governing the authority of the Australian Government in the face of the Asylum Seeker by applying multiple strategies to suppress and deter IMAs. The results of this research indicate that John Howard used Pacific Solution with emphasis on three important aspects. First, eliminating migration zone in Australia. Second, building cooperation with third countries in the South Pacific, namely Nauru and Papua New Guinea in shaping the center of IMAs defense. On the other hand, Howard also made some amendments to the Migration Act by reducing the rights of refugees. Immigrants who are seen as a factor of progress and development of the State Australia turned into a new dimension that threatens economic development, security, and socio-cultural. </p>
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Arsu, Talip, and Ejder Ayçin. "Evaluation of OECD Countries with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in terms of Economic, Social and Environmental Aspects." Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/oresta20402055a.
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Exhausted natural resources and deteriorating ecological balance, together with the social privileges that people expect to have, are proof that the development of countries cannot be reduced to economic development alone. In this respect, this study aimed to evaluate the economic, social and environmental aspects of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Within this scope, the countries were firstly divided into two groups by performing cluster analysis in order to create more homogeneous country groups. Then, 12 criteria, consisting of four economic, four social and four environmental criteria, were determined by considering the literature and expert opinions. The criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method was used to weight the determined criteria and using the calculated criterion weights, the countries in each cluster were then evaluated with the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) method. As a result, the most successful countries in the first cluster were determined as Switzerland, Denmark and Ireland with 68.8%, 62.7% and 62.5% performance scores, respectively. Whereas, the most unsuccessful countries were USA, Canada and Australia with 49.8%, 50.0% and 50.1% performance scores, respectively. The most successful countries in the second cluster were found as Slovenia, Spain and Portugal with 65.9%, 65.5% and 64.5% performance scores, while the most unsuccessful countries were Turkey, Chile and Colombia with 45.9%, 55.4% and 55.9% performance scores, respectively. Finally, in order to test the sensitivity of the MARCOS method, the solution was repeated with the MAIRCA, WASPAS, MABAC and CoCoSo methods using the weights obtained by the CRITIC method. A high correlation (greater than 80%) was found between the rankings acquired using the other methods and the rankings obtained by the MARCOS method.
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Gspurning, Josef. "Selected aspects of the lifeworld of young women illustrated by the district of south-eastern Styria." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 72, no. 3 (2022): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2203291g.
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The worldwide trend of migration from the peripheral rural areas (?rural exodus?) to the central areas of a region raises the question of how to deal with it in some regions of Austria. On the one hand, the loss of population always represents a loss of importance for a municipality, whereas on the other hand, a strong influx puts a strain on the central areas and the increased land consumption poses a challenge for the environment and spatial planners. Depending on the region, this can have various causes, whereby specific pull factors of the central areas as well as a set of push factors of the surroundings are relevant. Within the framework of a study lasting several years and using a mix of selected methods, an attempt was made to work out or characterize those aspects of the female rural lifeworld that represent the decisive factors for shaping the further life paths of women. In this context, the economic structure and organization proved to be particularly important factors for successful economic and land use development, sufficient natural resources, and environmental quality for housing and quality of life as well as a potential for a leisure economy, good accessibility, and infrastructure in terms of transport development and information and telecommunication technologies (distance to the higher-level economic centers is a significant obstacle to development). Finally, cultural values, social trends, and human capital with the existing gender-specific role patterns also play a certain role in the consideration of migration.
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Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina, Helena Hansson, Ulf Sonesson, and Stefan Gunnarsson. "Research on Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability in Dairy Farming: A Systematic Mapping of Current Literature." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145502.
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Dairy cows are able to convert fibrous materials, such as grass, roughage, and by-products from the food industry, into milk and meat, which justifies their role in food production. However, modern dairy farming is associated with major sustainability challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions. In order to develop sustainable future production, it is important to implement existing knowledge and fill knowledge gaps. The aim of this study was to systematically map the scientific literature on environmental, economic, and social sustainability at farm level in dairy farming. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 and with the geographical focus on Europe, North America, and Australia–New Zealand was included. In total, the literature search resulted in 169 hits, but after removing duplicates and papers outside the study scope only 35 papers remained. Of these, only 11 dealt with the three dimensions of sustainability, and several of these only mentioned one or two of the dimensions or set them in relation to that/those actually studied. Overall, the selected literature did not clearly explain how aspects of sustainability are interlinked, so possible negative or positive interactions between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified.
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Angelis-Dimakis, Athanasios, and Katerina Dimaki. "Identifying Clusters of Regions in the European South, based on their Economic, Social and Environmental Characteristics." REGION 3, no. 2 (November 18, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v3i2.81.
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<p>Regional development has been in the centre of interest among both academics but also decision makers in the central and local governments of many European countries. Identifying the key problems that regions face and considering how these findings could be effectively used as a basis for planning their development process are essential in order to improve the conditions in the European Union regions. For a long period of time a country’s or a region’s development has been synonymous with its economic growth. Over the last years, however, economies and societies have been undergoing dramatic changes. These changes have led to the concept of sustainable development, which refers to the ability of our societies to meet the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Measuring sustainable development means going beyond a purely economic description of human activities; requires integration of economic, social and environmental concerns. New techniques are required in order to benchmark performance, highlight leaders and laggards on various aspects of development and facilitate efforts to identify best practices. Furthermore, new tools have to be designed so as to make sustainability decision-making more objective, systematic and rigorous. The growth or decline of a country or region depends on its power to pull and retain both business and the right blend of people to run them. Working in this context, we have so far defined a variable which is called the Image of a region and quantifies this pulling power. The region’s Image is a function of a multitude of factors physical, economic, social and environmental, some common for all potential movers and some specific for particular groups of them and expresses its present state of development and future prospects. The paper examines a number of south European countries and focuses on their NUTS 2 level regions. Its objective is to:</p><ul><li>Estimate the Basic Image values of those regions.</li><li>Group those regions into different clusters on the basis of the values of the various factors used to define their respective Basic Images.</li><li>Present and discuss the results.</li></ul>
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Tung, Aaron. "Exploring the Thai and Malaysian decommissioning landscapes – identifying opportunities and challenges for Australia." APPEA Journal 62, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21021.
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Due to their various economic, environmental and socio-political impacts, oil and gas decommissioning activities attract a wide array of stakeholders, including joint-venture partners, contractors, governments, environmental non-for-profit organisations, academic institutions, recreational anglers and many others. As the first wave of oil and gas decommissioning activities dawns upon the Asia-Pacific region, stakeholder impacts have begun to take shape in the form of regulatory disputes, scope changes, schedule delays and safety incidents. As part of a wider research to enhance project managers’ understanding of stakeholder impacts on oil and gas decommissioning projects in Australia, the South-East Asian landscape was explored in order to identify and highlight any challenges and opportunities that could be relevant to supporting the development of the Australian oil and gas decommissioning industry. The study finds that while nations in South-East Asia are of close proximity to each other and can easily rely on one another for resource sharing, Australia appears to be geographically isolated 'down under'. In addition, Australia currently has various legislative and regulatory barriers that limit access to readily available oil and gas decommissioning yards, facilities and resources across South-East Asia. This article will review these opportunities and challenges to recommend possible ways forward for the Australian oil and gas decommissioning industry.
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Ward, Tim M., David C. Smith, Rod Lukatelich, Rob Lewis, Gavin A. Begg, and Rochelle Smith. "INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESEARCH TO SUPPORT THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SCIENCE PROGRAM." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 2193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.2193.
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ABSTRACT BP is investing $A1.43B and drilling four exploratory wells in the hope of discovering a new deep-water oil and gas province in the Great Australia Bight (GAB). The GAB is one of Australia's most valuable marine ecosystems. It supports globally significant populations of seabirds and marine mammals, diverse and endemic benthic assemblages and important fishing, aquaculture and ecotourism industries. Two research agencies (CSIRO, South Australian Research and Development Institute) and two universities (University of Adelaide, Flinders University of South Australia) recently entered into a collaborative research partnership with BP Australia to undertake an integrated study of the ecological processes and socio-economic importance of the GAB. Uniquely, this four year $20M research program is being undertaken during the exploration phase and conducted as a single integrated program. The Research Program is comprised of seven themes: physical oceanography; pelagic ecosystem and environmental drivers; benthic biodiversity; ecology of iconic and apex predators; petroleum geology and geochemistry; socio-economic values; and data integration and ecosystem modelling. Sixteen inter-related projects are being undertaken by some of Australia's leading marine scientists and will involve at least seven post-graduate Ph.D. students. Scientific quality assurance is provided by a review process that involves an Independent Science Panel and BP's international Subject Matter Experts. Ecological data collected during the study will be publically available. Findings will be presented to stakeholders and regulators and published in technical reports and scientific papers throughout the course of the program. The program is one of the few whole of system studies ever undertaken in Australia and is the first large-scale, integrated study of the ecosystems, resources and socio-economic values of the GAB. The approach has several advantages over undertaking discrete projects on key issues near the start of the production phase.1)BP Australia's financial contribution has leveraged significant investment from the other partners.2)Establishing baseline environmental conditions during the exploration phase provides the opportunity to conduct temporally replicated analyses of the ecosystem prior to commencement of production, should it occur.3)Engaging with the local scientific community builds on the existing knowledge base and working relationships with stakeholders and will assist the development of relevant local scientific capability.4)An integrated program provides for efficient development and validation of whole of system (i.e. ecological and socio-economic) models that elucidate interconnections among components of the system and can inform decisions regarding future development and predict, monitor and assess potential future impacts.
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Buck, Stuart, Joe Rolfe, Craig Lemin, and Bernie English. "Adoption, profitability and future of leucaena feeding systems in Australia." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)303-314.
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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. glabrata) is a highly palatable and productive forage used mainly by beef producers on extensive properties in northern Australia. When sown into native or sown grass pastures, leucaena provides significant production, economic, environmental and social benefits. Adoption of leucaena was slow initially due to a range of technical, agronomic and landscape factors. These have now been largely overcome through extensive research, development, producer experience and other advances, resulting in around 130,000 ha of cultivated leucaena being utilized across northern Australia.A range of aspects will need to be addressed if the adoption of leucaena is to be accelerated into the future. These include environmental concerns, especially potential weediness, and a range of technological needs, including soil nutritional requirements, grazing and toxicity management, opportunities for companion fodder systems and conservation options. Advances in technology and the ongoing need for a high-quality, profitable and sustainable perennial forage will ensure the continued adoption of leucaena across northern Australia for the foreseeable future.
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Surya, Batara, Despry Nur Annisa Ahmad, Harry Hardian Sakti, and Hernita Sahban. "Land Use Change, Spatial Interaction, and Sustainable Development in the Metropolitan Urban Areas, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia." Land 9, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9030095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metropolitan Urban Mamminasata South Sulawesi, Indonesia as the object of study is explored in the core-peripheral spatial interaction towards the formation of suburban service centers. The problems raised in this study are (i) is there a relationship/correlation between spatial integration, spatial interaction, and urban agglomeration to the formation of urban activity systems and (ii) how the formation of urban activity systems works as a determinant of economic growth, land use change and environmental quality degradation towards sustainable development in the metropolitan city of Mamminasata. Comparative studies of suburban areas have been carried out over three time periods (2001, 2015 and 2019). Data elaboration on observations, surveys and documentation is done to describe urban dynamics in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Path analysis is used to address direct effects, indirect effects, differences, and dependencies between urban elements. The gravity model is used to analyze the spatial interactions of the core city with the periphery. The study results show that spatial integration, spatial interaction and urban agglomeration have a positive effect on the system of urban activity and economic growth in the outskirts of the Mamminasata Metropolitan area. The results of this study recommend policy makers and urban planners that land use change, spatial integration and urban spatial interactions on the spatial scale of metropolitan cities to require the implementation of sustainable development concepts oriented towards saving the environment, ensuring fairness in economic access and creating social cohesion, in line with meeting national Metropolitan city development targets by 2030.
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ROSA, G. M., L. H. M. SILVA, and H. I. ARAÚJO-JÚNIOR. "Interactions Between Pre-Historic Humans and Quaternary Megafauna in South America: Zooarcheological and Paleoecological Aspects." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 41, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_296_307.
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Alderwish, Ahmed M., and Fayad A. Alderwish. "Environmental Aspects of the Accelerated Urbanization in Sana’a, Yemen." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 16 (December 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol16iss0pp1-12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From an environmental viewpoint, the prevailing health problems must be a “first priority” in all major development projects. Public water supply provides only 36% of domestic water. Disinfection of public water supply from the south well field is essential to avoid health problems. About 60% of the drinking water sold by ‘hygienic’ stations is of questionable quality. Expansion and upgrading in hospitals, pharmacies and industries (waste producers) will have an immediate impact on the amount of hazardous waste that will have to be disposed of. To achieve a sustainable urban development and to avoid environment/resources degradation, care should be taken now to monitor and improve handling and management of hazardous waste. Initiating management programs for reducing or preventing the generation of waste during production processes or other operations would be the first step to an economically and environmentally sound way of dealing with hazardous wastes. As complete elimination cannot be realized, ways to recycle the wastes should be sought. Major air pollutants in Sana’a include dust and SPM, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, sulfur oxides and hydrocarbons. The main sources of pollution in the cities are the mobile sources. The emissions of gases from oil consumption are exceeding the permissible level and it is essential that the gases be monitored, at least in the congested areas of the cities. Integration of environmental concerns with economic growth in Yemen should occur at the planning stage, adopting a positive approach and focusing on improvement in the health and welfare of the residents of the program area. Mitigating measures relating to the protection of the urban environment and improving public health must be primary objectives of EIA investigation for any upgrading project within urban areas and any other projects impacting on an urban environment.
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Zhao, Lijie. "Discussion on the relationship between power generation output of intermittent offshore energy and Marine Climate and Environment -- Taking wave energy and solar energy as examples." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802049.
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In recent years, with the continuous promotion of China’s marine power strategy, the comprehensive development and application of marine resources in many aspects and in depth has become a trend. China’s South China Sea is vast and rich in resources, which has important national defense, economic and environmental significance for its comprehensive development and construction. The South China Sea is a vast sea area with abundant wave energy and solar energy. The pilot development and application of natural energy in this area is of great strategic and environmental significance for the decentralized power supply of deep-sea islands. Therefore, based on the actual application of the wave energy-solar power generation platform on YX Island, a comprehensive analysis is carried out based on the characteristics of the marine climate and environmental elements of the South China Sea, exploring the apparent efficiency of intermittent energy such as wave energy and solar energy under specific environmental conditions and putting forward relevant suggestions. The forecast will provide relevant theoretical basis and data support for the subsequent in-depth development, application and system optimization of renewable energy in the South my country Sea.
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Gunnarsson, Stefan, Katarina Arvidsson Segerkvist, Torun Wallgren, Helena Hansson, and Ulf Sonesson. "A Systematic Mapping of Research on Sustainability Dimensions at Farm-level in Pig Production." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114352.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We systematically mapped the scientific literature on the sustainability of pig production at farm-level. Sustainability was considered holistically, covering its economic, environmental, and social dimensions, each consisting of a broad range of different aspects that may contradict or reinforce each other. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 with a geographical focus on Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand was included. A standard template with predefined keywords was used to summarise aspects of each sustainability dimension covered in identified papers. We found that papers analysing environmental sustainability were more frequent than papers analysing economic or social sustainability. However, there are many different aspects within each dimension of sustainability, hampering comparisons between studies. In addition, each dimension of sustainability has many sides, making it difficult to compare different studies, and different dimensions and aspects may have complex interrelations. Our systematic literature review revealed that these interrelations are not well understood and that possible trade-offs or synergies between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified. This systematic mapping of the current literature on farm-level sustainability in pig production can support a more informed discussion on knowledge gaps and help prioritise future research at farm-level to enhance sustainability in pig production.
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Baronie, F. M., M. Fenton, G. Harman, and M. Jury. "CAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THINKING BE APPLIED TO NEW OILFIELDS? A CASE STUDY OF THE EARLY STAGES OF THE ENFIELD AREA DEVELOPMENT IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY AND SOCIALLY SENSITIVE AREA." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Can development of a finite resource, such as oil, be consistent with sustainable development? Sustainable development involves meeting the needs of current and future generations through simultaneous consideration of environmental, social and economic aspects (referred to as the triple bottom line).Since 1998, Woodside Energy Ltd (Woodside) has discovered three oil fields in the WA-271-P Permit area offshore North West Cape, northern Western Australia. The fields are some 20 km from the boundary of the Ningaloo Marine Park.The first part of this paper presents a case study of the Enfield Area Development. It describes the approach taken to simultaneously manage environmental, social and economic considerations while planning for the development of oil fields in exploration permit WA-271-P.A range of measures have been employed that are considered examples of best practice for the petroleum industry in Australia, including:early commitment to a range of responsible environmental management measures in design; a comprehensive community engagement program, with links to the development and environmental assessment processes; and pioneering environmental research.Novel methods of establishing environmental and social issues as key priorities within the Woodside development team have been successfully implemented.The case study provides by giving an overview of the most significant environmental risks associated with the proposed development, and concludes that the development does not represent a significant risk to the environment.The second part of the paper then addresses the question of whether oilfields can be developed sustainably, looking at current views from the literature, and whether the approach outlined in the case study can be considered sustainable.While the project is still in an early stage of development, it provides a strong indication that oil development can be consistent with current thinking on sustainability, provided that current needs, which include a dependence on fossil fuels, and future needs, such as preservation of the productive and social value of the environmental resource base, are balanced simultaneously. The paper concludes that oil development, even in an environmentally and socially sensitive area, can help facilitate the transition to a more sustainable future.
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Kabir, Md Humayain, and Mohammed Abdul Baten. "Sustainability of Climate Change Adaptation Practices in South-Western Coastal Area of Bangladesh." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 5 (September 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n5p1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Bangladesh, South Western (SW) coastal area is the most vulnerable due to its geo-morphological characteristics and socio-economic conditions. Consequently, this study aims at find out the sustainable adaptation practices to climate change impacts through a series of field study along with questionnaire survey and reviewing the secondary literature. The study shows that near about 50 adaptation practices are exercised in SW coastal area of Bangladesh. Among these, growing local rice variety, rainwater harvesting, directly use of pond water through proper pond management, raising plinth, lowering use roof etc. are the more sustainable adaptation practices. On the other hand, homestead gardening, dyke nursery, cropping on raised mound, school cum cyclone shelter, purification of pond water trough traditional knowledge are the moderately popular and sustainable adaptation practices in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects. Furthermore, shrimp cultivation at homestead, fish-vegetables combined cultivation, purification of pond water through govt. supported filter, pond filter, bamboo made piling house etc. are the less sustainable one.
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Linganiso, Ella Cebisa, Boitumelo Tlhaole, Lindokuhle Precious Magagula, Silas Dziike, Linda Zikhona Linganiso, Tshwafo Elias Motaung, Nosipho Moloto, and Zikhona Nobuntu Tetana. "Biodiesel Production from Waste Oils: A South African Outlook." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14041983.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The viability of large-scale biodiesel production ultimately boils down to its cost of commercialisation despite other very important factors such as the negative environmental and health effects caused by the direct combustion of fossil diesel. How much each country’s economy will be influenced by the production of biodiesel will be determined by the commitment of various stakeholders to the much-needed transition from petroleum-based resources to renewable resources. Biodiesel production is largely determined by the cost of the feedstock (>70%) and this review focuses on the use of waste oil resources as biodiesel feedstock with a special focus on waste cooking oil (WCO). Generating value from waste oil provides an alternative waste management route as well as a positive environmental and economic contribution. The transesterification process for biodiesel production, its catalysis and some important technical and economic aspects are covered in this communication with a special focus on the South African framework. An overview of the current research and its implications going forward is discussed.
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White, S. B., and S. A. Fane. "Designing cost effective water demand management programs in Australia." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2002): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0683.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes recent experience with integrated resource planning (IRP) and the application of least cost planning (LCP) for the evaluation of demand management strategies in urban water. Two Australian case studies, Sydney and Northern New South Wales (NSW) are used in illustration. LCP can determine the most cost effective means of providing water services or alternatively the cheapest forms of water conservation. LCP contrasts to a traditional approach of evaluation which looks only at means of increasing supply. Detailed investigation of water usage, known as end-use analysis, is required for LCP. End-use analysis allows both rigorous demand forecasting, and the development and evaluation of conservation strategies. Strategies include education campaigns, increasing water use efficiency and promoting wastewater reuse or rainwater tanks. The optimal mix of conservation strategies and conventional capacity expansion is identified based on levelised unit cost. IRP uses LCP in the iterative process, evaluating and assessing options, investing in selected options, measuring the results, and then re-evaluating options. Key to this process is the design of cost effective demand management programs. IRP however includes a range of parameters beyond least economic cost in the planning process and program designs, including uncertainty, benefit partitioning and implementation considerations.
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Aimon, Hasdi, Anggi Putri Kurniadi, and Syamsul Amar. "Analysis of Fuel Oil Consumption, Green Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in 6 Asia Pacific Countries." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160513.
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This study aims to fill the gap of previous research in the form of developing studies between fuel oil consumption, green economic growth and environmental degradation in 6 selected Asia Pacific countries (Australia, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand) by considering the determinants during the period 2007-2020 by using a simultaneous panel model approach. The important findings of this study are grouped into 3 analytical models. First, green economic growth, environmental degradation and cleaner energy have a negative effect on fuel oil consumption, while GDP per capita has a positive effect. Second, fuel oil consumption, environmental degradation and militarization have a negative effect on green economic growth, while technological innovation and cleaner energy have a positive effect. Third, green economic growth and cleaner energy have a negative effect on environmental degradation, while fuel oil consumption, health expenditure and poverty have a positive effect. The policy implication that can be applied is to utilize renewable energy such as biofuel oil to implement a clean development mechanism because the increasing demand for fuel oil consumption will result in CO2 emissions which are a factor causing increased environmental degradation and decreased green growth in a country.