Дисертації з теми "Economic beneficiaries"
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Adams, Junay. "Economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52813.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: A premise of this thesis is that too much emphasis is still placed on dealing with the crisis of housing provision, rather than planning for housing development in South Africa. Little consideration is given to the economic improvement of the housing beneficiaries. The following research question was posed: What can and should be done in order for housing beneficiaries to become economically empowered? Government has the obligation to enhance and maintain the personal social welfare of its inhabitants. Housing is part of a package of social welfare services that includes physical health as well as the incorporeal element within a human being. Housing is also a process of how people came to be housed, starting at the moment when they first apply for a house. Economic empowerment should be linked to the four dimensions of development, i.e. equity, capacity-building, participation, self-reliance. Equity leads to economic empowerment by providing equal access to economic opportunities. capacity-building has aspects of developing skills, providing access to, and establishing supportive structures for economic empowerment. Participation is concerned with achieving power to influence decisions. Finally, self-reliance is linked to economic empowerment because it refers to the ability of people to produce most of its basic needs as well as producing surpluses with which to trade for those commodities and services which it does not produce efficiently itself (Burkey, 1993:51). Economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries implies a micro, individual level focus of economic development. According to Gildenhuys (1993:26) economic welfare refers to the development of the economic and material welfare and prosperity of the individual. Apart from a micro focus, a multi-objective focus is required for sustainability. According to Dalal-Clayton and Bass (2000:12), sustainable development entails balancing economic, social and environmental objectives. Finally, there are two dimensions to economic empowerment, namely, empowerment of the housing beneficiaries, as well as empowerment of development facilitators. Evidence of shortcomings of development projects relating to economic empowerment was provided in this thesis by means of applying the findings of an empirical research project in Wesbank to economic empowerment. The research explored the management processes that were implemented that eventually resulted in outcomes not being desirable. It was explained that the initial "scattering" of opportunities to emerging contractors was not part of a concerted approach for the primary beneficiaries to become economically empowered. This housing development project did not only fail to ensure economic empowerment, but also denied the housing beneficiaries what little economic activity they were involved in prior to the move. The Wesbank evidence was also linked to the views and findings of various authoritative sources that confirmed that government development projects in general, have an unfortunate track record when it comes to economic empowerment of so-called beneficiaries. Two case studies from the United States were used to illustrate that integrated development provides the context for the economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries. Four economic development foci then provided the framework within which solutions were formulated: residential dispersal and mobility, enhancing the capacity of housing beneficiaries, investing in economic empowerment of women, and changing the mindset of the developers. This framework embodies the how of economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Aanname van hierdie tesis is dat te veel klem steeds geplaas word op die hantering van krisisse t.o.v behuisingsvoorsiening, eerder as beplanning vir behuisingsontwikkeling, met min inagneming vir ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisingsbegunstigdes. Die volgende navorsingsvraag word gestel: Wat kan en moet gedoen word ten einde ekonomiese bemagtiging vir behuisingsbegunstigdes te bewerkstellig? Regerings het 'n plig om die persoonlike sosiale welsyn van landsinwoners te bevorder en te handhaaf. Behuising is deel van 'n pakket van sosiale welsynsdienste wat fisiese gesondheid sowel as die psigiese element van mens wees insluit. Behuising is ook 'n proses wat begin die oomblik wanneer 'n persoon die eerste keer aansoek doen vir 'n huis. Ekonomiese bemagtiging moet gekoppel word aan die vier dimensies van ontwikkeling, naamlik gelykheid, kapasiteitsbou, deelname, en onafhanklikheid. Gelykheid lei tot ekonomiese bemagtiging deurdat dit gelyke toegang tot ekonomiese geleenthede bevorder. Kapasiteitsbou sluit in ontwikkeling van vaardighede, verskaffing van toegang, en die oprig van ondersteunende strukture vir ekonomiese bemagtiging. Deelname bevorder die toename in mag om besluite te beïnvloed. Onafhanklikheid word gekoppel aan ekonomiese bemagtiging omdat dit verwys na die vermoë van mense om self in die meeste van hul basiese behoeftes te voorsien. Ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisingsbegunstigdes impliseer 'n mikro, individuele vlak fokus op ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Volgens Gildenhuys (1993:26) verwys ekonomiese welvaart na die ontwikkeling van die ekonomiese en materiële welvaart en vooruitstrewendheid van die individu. Behalwe 'n mikro fokus, is 'n multi-doelwit fokus ook noodsaaklik vir volhoubaarheid. Volhoubare ontwikkeling behels die balansering van ekonomiese, sosiale en omgewings doelwitte. Daar is twee dimensies van ekonomiese bemagtiging, naamlik bemagtiging van die behuisingsbegunstigdes, sowel as bemagtiging van ontwikkelingsfasiliteerders. Bewyse van tekortkominge in ontwikkelingsprojekte aangaande ekonomiese bemagtiging word voorsien d.m.v die toepassing van bevindinge van 'n empiriese navorsingsprojek in Wesbank op ekonomiese bemagtiging. Die navorsing het die bestuursprosesse ondersoek wat gevolg was in die projek en uiteindelik ook veroorsaak het dat die uitkomste onwenslik was. Die aanvanklike verspreiding van geleenthede teenoor opkomende kontrakteurs was nie deel van 'n gefokusde plan vir die primêre begunstigdes om ekonomies bemagtig te word nie. Die behuisingsprojek het nie net daarin gefaal om ekonomiese bemagtiging te bewerkstellig nie, maar het ook die bietjie ekonomiese aktiwiteit waarin begunstigdes betrokke was voor die skuif na Wesbank, weggeneem. Die bewyse in Wesbank word ook gekoppel aan die sieninge en bevindinge van verskeie gesaghebbende bronne wat bevestig dat regeringsontwikkelingsprojekte oor die algemeen 'n swak rekord het wat betref ekonomiese bemagtiging van sogenaamde begunstigdes. Twee gevallestudies van die VSA is na verwys om te illustreer dat geïntegreerde ontwikkeling die konteks verskaf vir ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisings begunstigdes. Vier ekonomiese bemagtiging fokus areas verskaf 'n raamwerk waarin oplossings geformuleer is: verspreiding en mobiliteit, verbetering van kapasiteit van begunstigdes, ekonomiese bemagtiging van vroue, en verandering van die denkpatroon van ontwikkelingsfasiliteerders. Hierdie raamwerk stel voor die hoe van ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisingsbegunstigdes.
Duarte, Bruno Miguel Gonçalves. "Impact of social economic indicators on RSI incidence and success." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9473.
Повний текст джерелаIn this project we study the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the percentage of beneficiaries of “Rendimento Social de Inserção” (RSI) and on the percentage of exits from the RSI program that occur due to a change in income. The results indicate that the % of beneficiaries tend to increase with unemployment, younger people and reduced families, whereas it tends to reduce with high education levels and GDP. As for the % of exists from the RSI, the results we obtained show evidence that, on the one hand, they tend to increase with higher education, and on the other hand, they tend to reduce with unemployment, reduced income of the beneficiaries before entering the program, nuclear families and Local Purchasing Power.
Bota, Patrick Mziwoxolo. "Factors affecting the impact of BEE strategies in enhancing previously disadvantaged beneficiaries in Manquma Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020115.
Повний текст джерелаKalula, Mpiana. "Investigating the Socio-Economic Impact of the Old Age Pension in the Pensioner Household within Selected Areas of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=td_cput.
Повний текст джерелаMagida, Phiwokuhle Thulani. "A socio-economic impact assessment (SEIA) of the Idutywa agripark project on project beneficiaries in Mbashe local municipality of the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016195.
Повний текст джерелаRusenga, Clemence. "The socio-economic consequences of the agribusiness model on the land reform beneficiaries in greater Tzaneen municipality, South Africa: The case of Elangeni Project." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24493.
Повний текст джерелаManomano, Tatenda. "Perceptions of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) housing beneficiaries in South Africa on the extent to which the project meet their housing needs: the case of golf course estate in Alice town, Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005996.
Повний текст джерелаNgwenya, Fortune Sibusiso. "Successes and failures of BBBEE : a critical assessment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/812.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: We critically assess the successes and failures of the economic phenomenon that is Black Economic Empowerment as represented by the Ownership Element of the Scorecard. We briefly evaluate the successes and failures of the first wave of BEE deals on the JSE and through the use of contemporary observations of this phenomenon as reported on by the media, we make the key assumption that these media reports are an unbiased account of the phenomenon. We critically assess the current status of BEE and find that progress has been made in terms of black ownership on the JSE, as well as on the legislative front, through the introduction of a comprehensive standardised measurement framework. The progress has in the main been extremely slow and limited. We also find that whilst funding models have improved, the success of BEE deals is still to a large extent dependent on stellar performance of the Stock Exchange and generous dividend policies. Disappointingly we also find that the debate about what constitutes broad-base BEE continues unabated as most deals continue to fail to meet public expectations of broad-base empowerment and equitable equity participation by all BEE deal beneficiaries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bied 'n kritiese evaluering van die suksesse en mislukkings van die ekonomiese verskynsel genaamd swart ekonomiese bemagtiging (SEB) aan die hand van die eienaarskapelement van die telkaart. Die eerste vlaag SEB-transaksies op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs (JEB) word kortliks beoordeel, waarna die media se eietydse waarnemings oor hierdie verskynsel tot die sleutelaanname lei dat sodanige mediaberigte 'n onbevooroordeelde weergawe van die stand van swart ekonomiese bemagtiging is. Die studie bied 'n kritiese beskouing van die huidige status van SEB, en dat daar wél vordering gemaak is met betrekking tot swart eienaarskap op die JEB, sowel as op wetgewende gebied deur die instelling van 'n omvattende, gestandaardiseerde metingsraamwerk. Vordering was egter tot op hede merendeels uiters stadig en beperk. Die studie bevind ook dat hoewel finansieringsmodelle verbeter het, die sukses van SEB-transaksies steeds in 'n groot mate van 'n goeie vertoning op die effektebeurs en ruimhartige dividendbeleid afhang. 'n Teleurstellende bevinding is dat die debat oor die werklike betekenis van breedgebaseerde SEB onverpoos voortduur namate die meeste transaksies versuim om aan die openbare verwagting van breedgebaseerde bemagtiging en gelyke aandeelhouding deur alle SEB-transaksiebegunstigdes te voldoen.
Musemwa, Lovemore. "Economics of land reform models used in Mashonaland Central Province of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/435.
Повний текст джерелаVenero, Espinoza Willy Hernando. "Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth? Some reflections around the effects of international cooperation as an instrument to promote economic development." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119050.
Повний текст джерелаLos efectos de la cooperación internacional en el proceso de crecimiento económico de los países en desarrollo es un tema de intenso debate. Si bien sus efectos favorables en la lucha contra la pobreza resultan innegables, su condición de factor determinante para el desarrollo económico tiene posiciones a favor y en contra. En este artículo se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre la cooperación internacional, concentrándose en los factores fundamentales para facilitar su análisis. Otro aspecto tratado son los principales argumentos utilizados para respaldar el otorgamiento y recepción de cooperación internacional hacia un país en desarrollo, así como aquellos argumentos que critican su conveniencia. La parte final incluye algunas conclusiones sobre los argumentos expuestos.
White, Kristopher C. "Hegemony in American Capitalism: The Exploitation of Race and Socioeconomic Status in Football." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531933118599888.
Повний текст джерелаCocchiarale, Yuri Barboza. "Os efeitos da lei nº 12.858/2013 na composição da receita dos beneficiários dos royalties: efeito 'nulo' no curto prazo versus migração no longo prazo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18530.
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The aim of this study is to show that the creation of the Law no. 12,858 / 2013 has an irrelevant effect in the short term, regarding issues related to health and education problems. By adopting some assumptions capable of modeling the obtained database and estimating oil production using the SARIMA, Holt-Winters and Kalman Filter models, combined with the price forecast, the portrayed results can consistently reflect the impacts brought by this law. The problem becomes even bigger in a long-term horizon, in which the migration of revenue from royalties will overwhelmingly affect the entities who benefit from it.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar que a criação da Lei n° 12.858/2013 possui um efeito irrelevante no curto prazo, no que tange as questões ligadas aos problemas da saúde e educação. Adotando algumas premissas capazes de modelar o banco de dados obtido e estimando a produção do petróleo utilizando os modelos SARIMA, Holt-Winters e Filtro de Kalman, combinadas com a previsão dos preços, os resultados apresentados conseguem refletir de forma consistente os impactos trazidos por esta lei. O problema ainda se torna maior em um horizonte de longo prazo, onde a migração da receita provida dos royalties afetará de forma devastadora os entes que se beneficiam dela.
Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
Повний текст джерелаThis work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
Odongpiny, Ajok Florence. "Socio-economic outcomes for the beneficiaries of the Expanded Child Survival Initiative in Uganda." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3097.
Повний текст джерелаPublic Health
Thesis (M.A. (Public Health))
Mkhombo, Vusiwana Veronica. "Examination of socio-economic benefits of land restitution in the Makuleke community of Limpopo Province." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/387.
Повний текст джерелаSibanda, Simelinkosi. "Beneficiaries’ perspective on the contribution of social grants to alleviating poverty in an informal settlement." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12503.
Повний текст джерелаPoverty is perceived by various authors to bea challenge in African countries, including South Africa. O’Brien and Mazibuko (1998, p. 140) state that poverty “is characterised by a host of factors, including under-nutrition, unemployment, illiteracy, and unequal and poor access to health, housing, education and decision-making resources”. The above-mentioned authors state that these factors both result from and perpetuate poverty. According to Rogerson (1996), the effects of poverty are seen more among the black communities, and there is more poverty in the informal settlements compared to other residential areas. After 1994, one of the South African government’s key priorities was to eradicate poverty and the focus was on the improvement of the standard of living and quality of life for all South Africans. Various strategies and policies were then introduced in order to alleviate poverty, one of them beingthe introduction of social assistance (Ellis, 2011, pp. 63-72). According to Triegaardt and Patel (2005), social security in the developing countries, including South Africa, is very important for poverty reduction and ensuring a basic minimum standard of living for the people. The above-mentioned authors also emphasise that there is a need for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of social assistance as this will help to ascertainif the programme is making any contribution to the lives of the people and to help keep up with the changing environment. This study focused on the contribution of social grants to alleviating poverty in an informal settlement. The research study aimed to assess the beneficiaries’ perspectives on the contribution of social grants to alleviating poverty in an informal settlement. Some of the objectives of the study were to explore the perspectives of social grant beneficiaries in Angelo informal settlement on the role of social grants in their lives and to describe how social grant beneficiaries in Angelo informal settlement understand the impact of social grants on their poverty-stricken conditions. This qualitative study was exploratory and descriptive in nature. Ten individual semistructured interviews were conducted in the Angelo informal settlement using an interview schedule. Themes were used to categorise and analyse data. The findings indicated that social grants play a great role in alleviating poverty in an informal...
Goodwin-Doming, Karl. "Children as Beneficiaries and Participants in Development Programs : a Case Study in Burma (Myanmar)." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30206/.
Повний текст джерелаNxumalo, Khulekani Khumbulani Sithembiso. "Impact of pro-active land acquisition strategy projects (PLAS) on the livelihood of beneficiaries in Dr Kenneth Kaunda District of the North West Province, South Africa / Khulekani Khumbulani Sithembiso Nxumalo." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16156.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Sc.(Agric Economics) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2013
Groth, Lauren. "Women and livelihoods : a qualitative study of the impact of land acquisition on livelihood strategies for female land beneficiaries in KwaZulu-Natal Province." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/485.
Повний текст джерелаMokoaleli, Thabo C. "An investigation into why housing consolidation projects only reach 70%-80% of intended beneficiaries on closure of the project in Metropolitan Durban." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2136.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Housing)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.
Cholo, Machuene Sharlyn. "Economic analysis and perception of integrated wildlife / livestock farming as an alternative land use option in rural areas of Mopani District in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1916.
Повний текст джерелаWildlife farming has become an important land use alternative, especially in most developing countries where there is an abundance of wildlife resources. In South Africa, integrated wildlife/livestock was mostly practiced by commercial farmers on a privately owned land but in recent years, potential for income generation in the industry has grown. Smallholder farmers are increasingly being assisted to explore practicing integrated wildlife/livestock on communal land after receiving land through restitution programme. The aim of the study was to examine costs and benefits associated with integrating livestock with wildlife in a smallholder agricultural context. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 71 respondents situated in Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality selected using multistage random sampling technique. Cost-benefit approach and weighted decision matrix were used for economic analysis and also to identify potential trade-offs. Furthermore, the study used descriptive statistical analysis to identify opportunities and challenges faced by farmers. Some of the livestock costs identified include feeds, vaccines and labour costs. Benefits of wildlife include income from trophy hunting and selling meat from wild animals. Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) as a tool of cost benefit analysis techniques, was used in order get 0.67 in livestock farming, this shows that the project may not be sustainable whereas that of wildlife farming was 1.13 which indicate that the project will yield positive outcome for community involved. There are trade-offs that farmers will have to consider when shifting towards integrated wildlife/livestock such as reduced livestock benefits and increased wildlife benefits. Livestock diseases, stock theft and others are the identified challenges associated with integrated wildlife/livestock. Descriptive results indicated that 40% of livestock farmers mentioned that they are strongly affected by stock theft and disease transmission. The identified opportunities of integrated wildlife/livestock were business and job creation for rural households. Given the findings, the study therefore, recommends that government and private sector should assist farmers with training in wildlife farming so that they can be competitive in commercial wildlife farming. Funds should be made available for setting up infrastructure suited for wildlife land uses.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF)
Musavengane, Regis. "An assessment of the role of social capital in collaborative environmental governance in tribal communities: the study of Gumbi and Zondi communities in KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22726.
Повний текст джерелаPolitical transformations in most developing nations have been accompanied by vast land claims by indigenous communities who were forcibly detached from their traditional land during colonisation and apartheid-like dispensations. In the context of sub-Saharan African countries (including South Africa), the need for land reform has been aggravated by the great scarcity of farmland. However, most of the reclaimed land is in areas pursuing conservation activities. Now, caught between owning the land and pursuing conservation as a land use option to improve livelihood; local communities have tended to form partnerships and collaborations with external stakeholders in managing communally owned natural resources. Collaborative management is perceived as a sustainable route in governing common pool natural resources in re-claimed areas. It is in this regard, that this research aims at establishing the role to which social capital can be instrumental in promoting sustainable governance in co-managed community game reserves in Kwa-Zulu Natal. This study follows a case study approach, with Zondi and Gumbi communities in Umvoti and uPhongolo Districts of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa respectively being used to obtain empirical evidence. Two basic criteria were taken into consideration in selecting appropriate case study areas to attain the aim of the study. Firstly, whether the area had successfully claimed the land and secondly, if there were collaborative efforts from different stakeholders in managing available common resources. To ensure equal representation, research participants were drawn from households, community leaders, conservation organisations and policy makers from the government. This study’s methodological positionality is interpretive in nature, and its operational framework base is qualitative research. It therefore uses a number of qualitative techniques in an attempt to establish the role of social capital in governing Somkhanda (in Gumbi) and Ngome (in Zondi) Community Game Reserves. For instance, systemic-resilience thinking and socio-ecological learning approaches were used to analyse the participatory relationship and effects in managing community natural resources in Gumbi and Zondi communities. It has been revealed in this study that the key to successful collaborative environmental management projects revolves around issues of participation, transparency, reciprocity and effective communication. These elements are important ingredients in building strong social capital. Community social cohesion builds trust between internal and external actors, especially in communities that were once subjected to various forms of segregation and corrupt systems of governance. The presence of trust in managing common pool resources ensures effective stakeholder participation as well as involvement in decision making processes. Furthermore, the evidence from this study suggests that the frequent exclusion of rural populations from participation in processes with a direct influence on their lives, undermines efforts to pursue Community-Based Ecotourism. More profoundly, the study found that, as an analytical tool, social capital seems to provide a dynamic and holistic explanatory approach to the pursuance of Community-Based Ecotourism in land-claimed communities, compared with the dominant evaluative techniques in the tourism field. Another important practical implication is that social capital can be used to promote the analysis of communities as heterogeneous and evolving, as opposed to the assumptions of their homogeneity and static state. There is a strong possibility that social capital can also address power-relations, social exclusion and inequality, through consideration of both structural and cognitive indicators. The findings from this study make several contributions to the body of knowledge. Firstly, they provide a better understanding of social capital variables influencing community participation in conservation activities. This is of use when designing or developing future Collaborative Community-Based Natural Resources Management (CCBNRM) projects. Secondly, from a broader perspective, the study advises policy makers not to ignore related community policies which might impact community participation in CCBNRMs. This is essential in considering the direction of future conservation and rural development policy. Thirdly, they provide a framework for empowering local people and their communities to enhance participation in CCBNRM. In view of this, a binding conclusion can be made that social capital can be a vehicle through which the accumulation of different forms of capital can be achieved and contribute towards sustainable environmental management.
MT2017
Garcia, Ana Patrícia Águia. "Os Beneficiários do Apoio Judiciário." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97499.
Повний текст джерелаCom a presente dissertação pretendemos fazer uma análise aprofundada da Lei do Acesso ao Direito e aos Tribunais, com especial incidência nos Beneficiários do Apoio Judiciário. Para tal, partimos do âmbito pessoal de aplicação daquela lei, distinguindo as pessoas singulares das pessoas coletivas, afastando-nos, depois, deste ponto de partida em busca de outras situações de concessão daquele apoio. Sendo o Acesso ao Direito e aos Tribunais um princípio fundamental garantido pelo artigo 20.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa, preocupamo-nos com a questão de saber se o legislador cumpriu a sua tarefa de garantir este direito a todos, designadamente àqueles que se encontrem numa situação de insuficiência de meios económicos. Com a presente dissertação pretendemos fazer uma análise aprofundada da Lei do Acesso ao Direito e aos Tribunais, com especial incidência nos Beneficiários do Apoio Judiciário. Para tal, partimos do âmbito pessoal de aplicação daquela lei, distinguindo as pessoas singulares das pessoas coletivas, afastando-nos, depois, deste ponto de partida em busca de outras situações de concessão daquele apoio. Sendo o Acesso ao Direito e aos Tribunais um princípio fundamental garantido pelo artigo 20.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa, preocupamo-nos com a questão de saber se o legislador cumpriu a sua tarefa de garantir este direito a todos, designadamente àqueles que se encontrem numa situação de insuficiência de meios económicos. Com a presente dissertação pretendemos fazer uma análise aprofundada da Lei do Acesso ao Direito e aos Tribunais, com especial incidência nos Beneficiários do Apoio Judiciário. Para tal, partimos do âmbito pessoal de aplicação daquela lei, distinguindo as pessoas singulares das pessoas coletivas, afastando-nos, depois, deste ponto de partida em busca de outras situações de concessão daquele apoio. Sendo o Acesso ao Direito e aos Tribunais um princípio fundamental garantido pelo artigo 20.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa, preocupamo-nos com a questão de saber se o legislador cumpriu a sua tarefa de garantir este direito a todos, designadamente àqueles que se encontrem numa situação de insuficiência de meios económicos.
With this dissertation we intend to make an in-depth analysis of the Law of Access to Law and to Courts, with special focus on Beneficiaries of Legal Aid. To do so, we start from the personal scope of application of that law, distinguishing natural persons from legal persons, then moving away from this starting point in search of other situations for granting that support. With Access to Law and to Courts being a fundamental principle guaranteed by article 20 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, we are concerned with the question of whether the legislator has fulfilled his task of guaranteeing this right to everyone, namely to those who are in a situation of insufficiency of economic means. With this dissertation we intend to make an in-depth analysis of the Law of Access to Law and to Courts, with special focus on Beneficiaries of Legal Aid. To do so, we start from the personal scope of application of that law, distinguishing natural persons from legal persons, then moving away from this starting point in search of other situations for granting that support. With Access to Law and to Courts being a fundamental principle guaranteed by article 20 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, we are concerned with the question of whether the legislator has fulfilled his task of guaranteeing this right to everyone, namely to those who are in a situation of insufficiency of economic means. With this dissertation we intend to make an in-depth analysis of the Law of Access to Law and to Courts, with special focus on Beneficiaries of Legal Aid. To do so, we start from the personal scope of application of that law, distinguishing natural persons from legal persons, then moving away from this starting point in search of other situations for granting that support. With Access to Law and to Courts being a fundamental principle guaranteed by article 20 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, we are concerned with the question of whether the legislator has fulfilled his task of guaranteeing this right to everyone, namely to those who are in a situation of insufficiency of economic means.
Pires, Simão Pedro Vala. "Project Antares and crowdsourcing in India : exploring the beneficiaries' perceptions of healthcare priorities." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/14710.
Повний текст джерелаVan, der Merwe Theo 1959. "Bestaansbeveiliging : 'n ekonomiese perspektief." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16272.
Повний текст джерелаSocial security is an important instrument of government to reduce the risks of economic insecurity to indivi~uals and the community. Social security usually consists of social insurance (for example pensions, unemployment insurance and workmen's compensation) and social assistance (for example social pensions, disability grants and maintenance grants). In view of South Africa's low economic growth, high and rising unemployment, widespread poverty, skew distribution of income and the disintegration of the family, social security requires urgent attention. This issue is even more pressing during the political transition since most policy measures and institutions are reconsidered, while pressure on government expenditure increases. This study commences with a discussion of basic aspects of social security, such as its definition, the rationale for social security in a market economy, the possible influence on economic behaviour, targeting, the financing of social security through a payroll tax and general taxation and the financing of a national pension fund. One of the sources of information of social security is the experience of other countries in this regard. The second part, which constitutes the core of the study, involves a comparative study of social security. After a general discussion on comparative studies, the origin and development of social security in welfare states (the USA, Britain and the Netherlands) and developing countries (Chile, Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba and Sri Lanka) are studied. African countries and the "miracle" countries of the East also receive brief attention. The main emphasis is on equity and efficiency, and aspects such as affordability, financing, targeting, the extension of coverage, a negative income tax, traditional social security and specific programmes that could be of importance to South Africa. In the last section the origin and development of and the fiscal scope for social security are discussed. Besides social insurance and assistance, programmes such as in-kind transfers, public works programmes and tax expenditure receive attention. Aspects of social security such as poverty alleviation, means testing, take-up rates, administration and corruption are discussed, while recommendations are made on topics such as a "voluntarily" national pension scheme, employment creation programmes and food stamps.
Bestaansbeveiliging is 'n belangrike instrument in die hande van die owerheid om die risiko' s van ekonomiese onsekerheid vir individue en die gemeenskap te verminder. Bestaansbeveiliging bestaan gewoonlik uit maatskaplike versekering (waaronder pensioene, werkloosheidsversekering en ongevalleversekering) en maatskaplike bystand (byvoorbeeld maatskaplike pensioene, ongeskiktheidstoelaes en onderhoudstoelaes). In die lig van Suid-Afrika se lae ekonomiese groei, hoe en stygende werkloosheid, wydverspreide armoede, skewe verdeling van inkome en gesinsverbrokkeling, verg bestaansbeveiliging dringende aandag. Die aangeleentheid is des te dringender gedurende die politieke oorgangsperiode waartydens die meeste beleidsmaatreels en instellings in heroorweging geneem word en daar voortdurend druk op die owerheid is om meer van die land se skaars bronne te gebruik. Ter inleiding word enkele kemaspekte van bestaansbeveiliging bespreek, waaronder die definisie daarvan, die rasionaal vir bestaansbeveiliging in 'n markekonomie, die moontlike invloed van bestaansbeveiliging op ekonomiese gedrag, die rol van teikenstelling, die finansiering van bestaansbeveiliging deur middel van 'n loonstaatbelasting en algemene belastings en die finansiering van 'n nasionale pensioenfonds. Een bron van inligting oar bestaansbeveiliging is die ervaring van ander lande op hierdie terrein. Die tweede gedeelte, wat die kern van die studie is, behels 'n vergelykende studie van bestaansbeveiliging. Na 'n inleidende bespreking oar vergelykende studies in die algemeen, word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van bestaansbeveiliging in welvaartstate (die VSA, Brittanje en Nederland) en in ontwikkelende lande (Chili, Mexiko, Guatemala, Kuba en Sri Lanka) bestudeer. Afrikalande en die "mirakel-lande" van die Coste kry oorsigtelik aandag. Die nadruk in die gedeelte val veral op billikheid en doeltreffendheid en aspekte soos bekostigbaarheid, finansiering, teikenstelling, uitbreiding van dekking, negatiewe inkomstebelasting, tradisionele bestaansbeveiliging en programme wat vir Suid-Afrika van betekenis kan wees. In die laaste gedeelte word die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van en die fiskale ruimte vir bestaansbeveiliging in Suid-Afrika bespreek. Benewens maatskaplike versekering en bystand, kry programme soos in natura oordragte, openbare werke-programme (werkskeppingsprogramme) en belastinguitgawes aandag. Aspekte van bestaansbeveiliging soos armoedeverligting, die middeletoets, opneemkoerse, administrasie en korrupsie word bespreek en aanbevelings word onder me er gemaak ten opsigte van 'n "vrywillige" nasionale pensioenskema, werkskeppingsprogramme en voedselkoepons.
Sociology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Ekonomie)
Ratombo, Mutshinyalo. "An Evaluation of Land Reform Implementation in the Vhembe District, South Africa ; A quest for Sustainable Livelihoods." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/748.
Повний текст джерелаJanuary, Prudence Constance. "The evaluation of the entrepreneurial seed fund programme : the case of the Cape Winelands District Municipality." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13033.
Повний текст джерелаPublic Administration & Management
M. Tech. (Public Management)
Manamela, Tukishi. "South Africa’s occupational retirement system : a comparative social security perspective." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21043.
Повний текст джерелаMercantile Law
LL. D.
Shinns, Lauren Hazel. "Analysing the causes and symptoms of poverty in a land reform community in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6248.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Agric.Mgt.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.