Дисертації з теми "Economic assistance – International cooperation"
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1
Galindo, Cespedes Jose Fernando. "Technical versus socio-technical : conflict in Bolivian and Dutch academic collaboration in irrigation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052172.
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2
Nkomana, Nqaba. "Good governance and democracy as political conditionalities for foreign aid: the case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was an investigation of the relationship between political conditionality and self-determination using Zimbabwe as a case study. The Zimbabwean land issue illustrates the challenges posed by external influences on supposedly autonomous domestic policy decision-making processes.
3
Tierney, Michael J. "Commitments, credibility and international cooperation : the integration of Soviet successor states into western multilateral regimes /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3112193.
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4
Namandje, Teopolina Ndanyengwa. "Health foreign aid and health outcomes in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97474.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The role of health foreign assistance in explaining health outcomes remains an unending debate. The study assessed the relationship between foreign health aid and three selected health indicators of interest: infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and life expectancy, with control variables such as government expenditure on health and general medical clinics and public health services in Namibia. The data used was from 1990 to 2013 although there was some missing data. It was found that all health indicators improve with an increase in foreign health aid except that it is more impactful (statistically significant) in the case of infant mortality rate. The regression analysis shows that a one percent increase in heath aid will result in a 0.03 decrease in infant mortality rate but this is statistically insignificant. A one percent increase in health aid will result in a 0.01 decline in under-five mortality. A one percent increase in health aid will result in 0.53 increase in life expectancy. The Granger causality test revealed a uni-causal relationship among most variables. An increase in government expenditure to health is accompanied by a decline in all indicators. Overall, based on correlation coefficients, aid is linearly related to health outcomes in Namibia. The study gives a tentative conclusion that foreign health aid slightly improves health outcomes in Namibia.
5
Lwanga-Iga, Ivan. "Evaluation of international aid in Nelson Mandela Bay and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Aid or Official Development Assistance (ODA), especially its implementation and effectiveness, has long been and continues to be a vigorously contested matter amongst the stakeholders in the development arena. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ODA in two municipalities in the Eastern Cape – Buffalo City and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipalities – during the period 2005–2010. This period coincided with the introduction of the Paris Declaration (PD), an intervention intended to improve the ODA or Aid landscape globally. This was also the period during which the so-called service delivery protests in almost all municipalities in South Africa escalated. A diversified methodology including both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in this study while adhering to the evaluation framework of the Paris Declaration as recommended by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This framework put special focus on the five principles of ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability. Of particular significance in this study is the special attention paid to the actual beneficiaries on the ground, namely the communities, which is contrary to most existing Paris Declaration evaluations. The research findings suggested that there had been no conscious efforts to implement the Paris Declaration in the two municipalities that were investigated. Furthermore, the prevailing weaknesses in governance, coupled with both administrative and operational paralysis in these two institutions, provided for less than fertile ground for this intervention to thrive.The findings also highlighted that ODA programmes were very poorly known by most stakeholders, especially the communities who were supposed to benefit directly from this assistance. These results also underscored the partisan nature of ODA and how it influenced the perceptions of the various key players. The success and future of ODA programmes in South Africa, particularly in municipalities, will largely rely on “Active Citizenry”. Although ODA’s contribution to South Africa seems negligible in monetary terms, its significance lies among others in the innovations, piloting, risk mitigation, catalytic initiatives and capacity development it introduces or generates and which need to be correctly exploited, implemented and maximised. ODA in South Africa should therefore focus at the local level, the municipalities, which represent the interface between the citizens and the state. To ensure that the ensuing innovations are optimally cascaded down in an organised and effective manner to where they are mostly needed, ODA should preferably operate at the strategic level in municipalities. This would in turn assist in counteracting the current high levels of poverty and inequality in the country. Study findings further suggest that South Africa should cease its current ambivalence regarding ODA and refrain from the so-called “Triangular” ODA in support of the rest of Africa. The demands in it’s own back yard are steadily mounting. This is clearly reflected by the continuous service delivery protests and instability in several municipalities in South Africa.
6
Booi, Lusu. "Millennium development goals: lessons from Brazil and Venezuela (2000-2015)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research looks at social policy making in Venezuela and Brazil with the objective of alleviating poverty, with special focus on meeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were set in 2000. Considering the leftist democratic governments that have been established in Latin America since Hugo Chávez was elected president in 1998, and later with Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2002, the research seeks to understand and illustrate what nuances exist in strategy, ideas and implementation of social policy that would positively affect the underprivileged for a more equal and just society. The two countries have deep historical and structural inequalities from slavery, colonialism, imbalanced distribution of resources and like most developing nations of the Global South, have had to endure structural adjustments that have entrenched poverty levels further. Arguments in the past have been made for economic prosperity and economic growth as good indicators for development, however, the research takes a comparative analysis on how Venezuela (through Barrio Adentro and multiple state driven Missions) and Brazil (state supported Bolsa Familia and Universal Health System), have targeted health and education as the primary sectors not just to transform society but also because it is through these sectors that the most effective and efficient manner to measure human development which has thus far been neglected. The research also examines the leadership of the countries which speaks to the differing approaches adopted, style, rhetoric and political realities; and how they have been received not just domestically, but also internationally. The outcomes of the research illustrate a good link between literacy, education and health and a healthy level of state intervention that requires reciprocal social participation for programmes to succeed. Brazil and Venezuela have shown notable creativity and effectiveness in this regard.
7
Shelver, Amy. "The AIDS of aid?: long-term organisation challenges of a CBO dealing with HIV/AIDS, poverty and donor aid." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The following treatise first frames the role of CBOs in responding to the HIV/Aids crisis in relation to their position in the global health governance system through a literature survey that moves from an analysis of the global structures down to the local. The survey covers the role of international organisations, international NGOs (INGOs), national governments, local NGOs and CBOs and outlines the context in which Masizakhe is working within the global health governance structure. Secondly the research design and methodology are outlined focusing on the longitudinal, case study and participant--‐observation approaches. Hypotheses, conceptualisation, definitions, key variables are described and data collection methods and fieldwork practice extrapolated upon. Following that data capturing, editing and analysis are discussed in conjunction with shortcomings and sources of error. In the fourth chapter the research discusses the history, structure and outlines the research findings by comparing what has changed within the organisation over time, presenting and discussing the results. The outcomes of this research have shown that existing problems in this particular CBO are very difficult to overcome without committed, sustained support from donors, government, community and the organisation’s members. CBOs are often hamstrung by a series of intersecting factors which hamper their ability to problem--‐solve, even when the route to overcoming the problem is clear, particularly when the capacity and will to do so is not always present from both within the organisation and from outside support systems. These challenges then impact on the overall quality of and ability to deliver the services the organisation is structured to deliver. The major challenge for the organisation remains the inconsistent donor cycle and resultant instability thus created within an organisation already working in a highly volatile, unstable situation marked by poverty and disease. Thus the title, The Aids of Aid?, captures the essence of Masizakhe’s struggle with its own syndrome of problems. It summarises a comment made by the project secretary said that: “Sometimes it feels like we are not only fighting for the health of our people – We are fighting for the health of our organisation. We are a sick organisation trying to help sick people. All we need is donors and funding –we can’t live without them, and when they don't give, we get sick” (Stamper, Pers Comm, 2011). The other emergent challenges were a battle internally with ‘founder syndrome’, lack of management transparency and a dysfunctional board.
8
Klyve, Christoffer Ringnes. "Public opinion and international development." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores public attitudes towards international development cooperation. Noting the lack of previous academic treatment of this particular topic, it includes an overview of available polling data on relevant questions, followed by a review of more general literature pertaining to public opinion towards foreign policy, as a macro-level concept. Finding the macro-level perspective insufficient, the thesis then explores one particular model for understanding public opinion on the individual level. The final chapter discusses in some detail how one particular form of development assistance---child sponsorship---might influence public opinion. Claims that child sponsorship necessarily has detrimental effects on public opinion are found to have little foundation in either empirical studies or relevant theory. Conclusive statements concerning any effect child sponsorship might have on public opinion are not made, but the thesis does argue that public opinion towards development assistance can, under certain conditions, be considered reasonable.
9
Crawford, Paul Ward. "Aiding aid : a monitoring & evaluating framework to enhance international aid effectiveness /." Electronic version, 2004. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20041202.160749/index.html.
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10
Tasker, B. J. "South-South cooperation and international norm change : Brazil and Venezuela's Development Assistance Programmes, 2005-2016." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050171/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research explores the creation and dissemination of the South-South cooperation (SSC) norm regime as an alternative to the Northern-led cooperation model of the OECD Development Assistance Committee. Using Finnemore and Sikkink’s theory of the norm life cycle, it tracks SSC from its origins at Bandung in 1955 to its “tipping point” in 2009, as demonstrated in the Nairobi Resolution that solidified the SSC principles of respect for sovereignty, partnership, solidarity and mutual benefit. The aim of this research is to determine how the SSC norm regime was perceived in the South over the period 2005–2016. The focus is on the Latin American and Caribbean context, with Brazil and Venezuela identified as the two major actors in the region that emerged as SSC norm leaders during this time. Both countries used the tools of persuasion and demonstration to portray the value of SSC and promote the core SSC principles; however, they differed greatly in approach. These similarities and differences are explored via the case studies of two small Eastern Caribbean nations, St Lucia and Grenada. Using extensive interview data and programme information, the research examines how government officials and stakeholders in these two states, and throughout the region, perceived Brazil and Venezuela’s programmes and the SSC norm regime in general over this time period, and attempts to determine whether the regime gained traction in the South and to what extent.
11
Gillies, David 1952. "Commerce over conscience : Canada's foreign aid programme in the 1980s." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is an examination of recent changes in the organisation and activity of Canada's foreign aid programme. Three conceptually distinct categories form the theoretical framework of the study: (a) contending approaches to the study of international relations; (b) contending conceptions of economic growth and development; and (c) contending approaches to the aid policy-making process. The study examines the multiple objectives underlying Canada's aid programme, develops and interprets a series of "aid quality" indices, and undertakes a detailed examination of the aid policy process. Emphasis is placed on tracing the specific combination of domestic "push" and international "pull" factors which have pressured Ottawa into initiatives promoting a closer linkage of the aid and trade facets of government activity. Attention is also drawn to the impact of these initiatives on the developmental objectives of the programme.The principal finding of the study is that while Canada's aid programme has until recently been able to maintain a precarious balance between the opposing forces of philanthropy and self-interest, there are now unmistakable signs of a deliberate effort to tilt the programme in a more commercial direction. In this trend, the single case of Canada mirrors a more general pattern towards an increasingly commercial orientation in most donor aid programmes.
12
Yao, Ning. "BRICS cooperation mechanism and its impacts on global economic governance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335238.
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13
Mok, Emily A. "International assistance and cooperation in access to essential medicines : a study of the issues in governance and implementation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1e69c608-2fed-4183-9e16-09ae9f671abc.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International assistance and cooperation for access to essential medicines can be established as an obligation of developed countries based on international human rights law and an array of authoritative guidance. The research aim of this thesis was to understand how developed countries can be influenced to meet this obligation under the current international order with a view to the improvement of international governance over this issue. To address this aim, this thesis conducted an analysis based on three sub-questions: (1) what is the current international order governing access to essential medicines, (2) what are the processes and mechanisms that the international order has used to influence developed countries and how have the countries responded, and (3) is there an alternative model to the current governance structure that could lead to improved implementation of international assistance and cooperation by developed countries. The analysis of the international order involved a study of the World Health Organization and its interactions with the World Trade Organization and the development-related institutions involved in access to medicines (i.e. the World Bank, UNAIDS, and the Global Fund). The lack of leadership by the WHO in governing access to essential medicines has led to significant tensions between the institutions in the form of conflicts, overlaps, and other issues. The thesis proceeds with a country case study to understand how states interact with the international order and how they can be influenced towards norm implementation. It was determined that the international order possesses an influential array of ‘socialization’ methods that have been successful in inducing states toward norm compliance (when backed by the support of international NGO networks and domestic pressure). However, the level of disarray that remains in the international order continues to have a negative effect on international assistance and cooperation. The thesis concludes with an analysis of emerging changes to the current system of governance over access to essential medicines and considers whether these changes might bring an improvement to developed country support of access to essential medicines.
14
Knoll, Martin [Verfasser]. "Economic Assistance Modalities in Bi- and Multilateral Development Cooperation : Essays in Applied Development Economics / Martin Knoll." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037343174/34.
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15
Deng, Yong. "China and Japan in the Asia-Pacific regional economic cooperation indigenous major powers and international regime formation /." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36384792.html.
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16
Atabong, Etoke Andrew. "Efficient mechanisms for the delivery of development aid : a case study of The South East Consortium for International Development (SECID)." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30315.
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17
Pettit, Justin Kyle. "Bilateral development assistance and the human rights obligation of international assistance and cooperation : USAID, DFID and the rights to education and health in Ghana." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574459.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study contributes to the ongoing debate regarding extraterritorial human rights obligations with a specific focus on development cooperation. Various international human rights instruments enshrine the obligation to take steps through international assistance and cooperation towards the realisation of economic, social and cultural rights, yet the legal standing of the obligation remains contested, and a number of gaps remain as regards our understanding and application of the obligation. This study first considers the legal foundations of the obligation of international assistance and cooperation, reaffirming its existence as a legal duty, not just a moral one. With reference to the output of treaty bodies, reports of UN Special Procedures and relevant academic commentary, the various aspects the obligation are clarified and placed within the context of international development cooperation. Specific extraterritorial duties in relation to the rights to education and health are also . identified. In order to provide contextual description of the obligation and means of its implementation, examination and comparison of development activities of American and British bilateral development agencies in Ghana is undertaken. Legislation, policies and activities of the United States and United Kingdom are explored to ascertain the degree to which they are consistent with elements of the obligation of international assistance and cooperation, and to assess the impact that their aid initiatives have on the exercise of the rights to education and health elsewhere. Although neither the US nor UK recognise the legal character of the obligation of international assistance and cooperation, there are some encouraging signs with regard to implementation of its various components. However, the analysis also makes apparent that as the obligation continues to evolve there remain a number of significant challenges to its acceptance and wider implementation.
18
Halvarsson, Daniel. "The Suspect and Mutual Legal Assistance : A legal analysis of the rights of the individual in the suppression of transnational organised crime." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The suppression of transnational organised crime has continued to rise on the agenda of the international community and is today an affirmed goal of most states. To increase the effectiveness of suppression, it is necessary for states to cooperate across borders in criminal investigations. The legal regime by which this is done is called mutual legal assistance, MLA, and is one of the most practically important developments in public international law over recent decades. The development however has led to several unanswered questions regarding the position of the individual in the procedure. Those are manifested in three main areas, namely; the requirements for employment of MLA; the application of exceptions and; human rights protection. This thesis elaborates on and analyses the balance between effectiveness in formal international law enforcement and the protection of fundamental rights in such procedures in the three main ambiguous areas. The analysis points to the importance of the principle of reciprocity for effective cooperation and argues that the conditions for MLA should not be altered. It argues that the number of exceptions shall be kept at a minimum. However, the efforts to abolish the exception for offences of a political nature should be halted or at least approached with more caution. This is true also of when concerning terrorism offences. The analysis shows that the protection available to the person whom the MLA request concerns is inadequate. There is an urgent need to reform the system in that respect, in particular by opening channels of complaint. The final conclusion is that, in light of the unquestionable importance of MLA in the suppression of transnational organised crime, it is possible to make limited reform in the areas of human rights and the guarantee of a right to a fair trial without jeopardising the necessary effectiveness of the system.
19
Raudino, Simone. "The limits of official development assistance in fostering economic growth : a comparative analysis of western and Chinese economic cooperation practices in Africa." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation explores the nature, significance and weight of Western and Chinese economic relations with Africa. The research first engages in comparative analysis of West – Africa and China – Africa politico-economic cooperation practices. On this basis, it then compares the working mechanisms of these practices to the mechanisms that promoted sustainable economic growth within mature (OECD) and recently developed (Asian Newly Industrialized Economies - NIEs) countries.
The empirical analysis of Africa’s balance of payments with its key economic partners – European Union and United States (as proxies for the West) and the People’s Republic of China – shows that Official Development Assistance (ODA) only represents between 4% and 6% of the total exchanges between the West and Africa, and even a smaller percentage of total exchanges between China and Africa. On the other side, a quantitative analysis of Africa’s trade, inward FDI, primary income, portfolio investments and capital flight suggests that they generally contribute in transferring financial resources from Africa towards Western countries and China.
The dissertation shows that, while ODA redistributes among African beneficiary countries a small percentage (generally well below the 0.7% GDP threshold set by the United Nations) of the wealth created within donor countries, both the West and China appear to extract solid rents and profits from their relations with Africa. The qualitative analysis of the institutional and normative frameworks that underpin such exchanges reveals that such frameworks are profoundly different from those that were put in place by OECD countries and NIEs to foster sustainable development within their own economies.
In sum, the dissertation argues that the institutional and normative frameworks in which African international economic relations are currently embedded are not helping to activate the productive social dynamics necessary for endogenous and sustainable economic growth in Africa.published_or_final_version
Modern Languages and Cultures
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
20
Marwaha, Manisha. "The European Community and South Asia : development, economic cooperation and trade policies with India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, 1973-1993." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319028.
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21
Karakaya, Dilek. "Turkey And The Black Sea Economic Cooperation (bsec):1992-2008." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611163/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis analyzes the Organization of Black Sea Economic Cooperation and Turkey's role in this international organization. This thesis argues that contrary to scholars who view institutional weaknesses of BSEC as the main reason of its failure in achieving sufficient level of cooperation among its members, political problems emanating from member states constitute the main reason of BSEC'
s ineffectiveness as an international organization. There are six chapters of this thesis. Following the introductory first chapter, the second chapter of this thesis examines the factors behind establishment of BSEC and its formation process. In the following three chapters BSEC'
s institutional structure, its issue areas and problems are discussed in detail. The last chapter is conclusion.
22
Duruigbo, Emeka Alexander. "Environmental aspects of international oil trade and shipping, business ethics and economic cooperation as compliance tools in international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34443.pdf.
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23
Stockdale, Peter. "Pearsonian internationalism in practice : the International Development Research Centre." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis concerns the origins, creation and progress of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Most scholars believe that development assistance is largely motivated by self-interest. At first glance, the Centre appears to be an anomaly in Canadian foreign aid. The IDRC's disbursements are not formally tied, has an international board of governors, and its structure was specifically designed with autonomy in mind. This Canadian federal organisation has spent one and a half billion dollars are funded over 5,500 projects since its founding in 1970. During this time, the Centre has disbursed between 70-95% of its programme funds overseas, mostly to developing country university researchers. These researchers have designed and executed research intended to help developing countries alleviate poverty, social decay and more recently, environmental challenges.A detailed archeology is conducted of Pearson's own internationalism regarding science and technology, foreign policy, development assistance, environment and culture. Our analysis shows how Pearson's thinking, and that of colleagues who were to have key influences on the Centre, Barbara Ward and Maurice Strong, were embedded in deeply held beliefs and values. We identify a tension between an internationalist impulses and Canadian-centered or parochial pre-occupations common in most of the federal public service, especially central agencies. Central agents, responding to pressures from academics, and the internal values and beliefs that tend to form in these secretaria, have sought to make the IDRC conform to their own expectations. The author concludes that the Centre has survived and prospered, despite these pressures, partly because of the skill of its top officers, but principally because of the IDRC's capacity to lay claim to being an expression of internationalism.
We also show how another dialectic, between more socially-oriented perspectives and more technical ones affected the development of the IDRC. The thesis suggests that the two dialectics, the internationalist and parochial, and the technical and social, are both synthesising into, respectively, interdependence and holism.
24
Babirli, Alya. "The possibility of future for South-South Cooperation on the example of Brazil's emerging Development Assistance on the International Scale." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Práce zkoumá tradiční způsob rozvojové pomoci prostřednictvím různých definic a typů zahraniční pomoci za uplatnění tří existujících teorií, a sice teorie "měkké síly" Josepha Nye Jr., "rozvojové teorie" Hanse Morgentraua a teorie Paula Rosensteina-Rodana "Big push". Práce se soustředí především na jednu z hlavních zemí Spolupráce jih-jih Brazílii, poskytuje důkazy o její schopnosti stát se poskytovatelem mezinárodní pomoci, a zaměřuje se na rostoucí význam Brazílie na mezinárodní scéně.
25
Kimemia, Peter Njau. "The new initiative of the East African Cooperation : opportunities, challenges and prospects." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The landmark inauguration of the East African Cooperation (EAC) on 14 March 1996 brought to the fore some key issues regarding regional economic integration in East Africa, particularly since it signalled the second attempt by Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania to form a regional economic bloc. The EAC's predecessor, the East African Community, had collapsed in 1977 in acrimonious circumstances. Prominent among the issues that led to the collapse of the East African Community was the perception of unequal gains from the integration scheme, with Uganda and Tanzania considering that disproportionate benefits were accruing to Kenya at their expense. With the new initiative, the question emerges as to whether the problems that caused the collapse of the Community will not beset the EAC and subject it to a similar fate. In an attempt to address this question, this study considers some of the theoretical issues relating to regional economic integration among countries at different levels of development, and attempts to provide an analysis of the new initiative of the EAC in the light of this theory and the history of the East African Community. The study also critically examines the objectives of the EAC and the integration strategy adopted by the three countries, and offers suggestions on the way forward. Among the arguments made in this thesis are that, contrary to the suggestions of orthodox static analysis, if the dynamic effects of integration are considered, then there may be important gains which may accrue to integrating states in the developing country context. It is also argued that different levels of development among integrating states need not necessarily be an impediment to economic integration. The study finds that, in spite of the enormous challenges facing the EAC, member states may be better off within the integration scheme than if they acted as individual units in a rapidly globalizing international system.
26
Younas, Javed Bandyopadhyay Subhayu. "Essays in trade, foreign aid and investment." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 92 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
27
Takawira, Caroline. "Is foreign aid's influence on economic growth of a country conditional on institutional quality? The case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Does foreign aid contribute to economic growth? Is the impact of foreign aid conditional on the presence of quality institutions? This issue has attracted much attention over the years from both the donor community and recipient countries given that despite several years of foreign aid flows the increasing high poverty levels raise questions about the effectiveness of foreign aid. Despite several years of study on the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth results have remained inconclusive. Conclusions from various studies on this issue are varied. The conclusions thus far can be summarised as follows: there is a positive relationship between aid and economic growth; there is no relationship between aid and growth; the presence of good governance and institutions is a precondition for aid to have a positive influence on economic growth; and the presence of good governance and institutions is not a precondition for aid to have positive influence on economic growth. The research assignment sought to determine if there is any relationship between foreign aid, economic growth and institutional quality in Zimbabwe for the period 1980 to 2010 using the autoregressive distributed lag approach. In order to determine this relationship, the assignment also examined economic growth theories that have evolved over the years and reviewed existing empirical literature on the subject. An analysis of the economic growth theory revealed a shift from foreign aid being merely assumed to supplement savings to a new approach looking at conditions necessary for it to be effective, with a special focus on institutional quality. To date there has not been any agreement on the definition and institutional characteristics that create an environment conducive for foreign aid. Studies still use indicators that group together a wide range of social structures affecting economic outcomes such as political system, property rights, contract enforcement, and investor protection as measures of institutional quality The research assignment used quality of governance, polity iv and economic freedom of the world index as measures of institutional quality. The empirical results revealed there that there was a positive relationship between foreign aid and economic growth and that all the measures of institutional quality perform best when all are included in the model. This suggests that the effectiveness of aid in Zimbabwe was strongly influenced by the quality of institutions. It is therefore important for the government of Zimbabwe to maintain the rule of law, political stability and economic freedom. This is likely to attract economic agents who can make meaningful investment and resuscitate the Zimbabwean economy.
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Король, Сергій Миколайович, Сергей Николаевич Король, and Serhii Mykolaiovych Korol. "The participation of donor countries in providing international technical assistance to Ukraine under cross-border cooperation (case study Transcarpathian region)." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44827.
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Widmaier, Wesley William. "A constructivist theory of international monetary relations monetary understandings, state interests in cooperation, and the construction of crises (1929-2001) /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036613.
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Koza, Catherine M. (Catherine Marie). "Spoils of war : how international assistance can influence local processes of economic change : the case of Afghanistan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67727.
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Wimberley, Dale W. "Multinational corporations, foreign aid, and basic needs satisfaction in the world-system : a cross-national study /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555438613.
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McPherson, Duncan M. "Supporting post-conflict reconciliation : an assessment of international assistance to South Africa's Truth Commission." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis provides a baseline understanding of the support given by foreign governments to South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The study endeavours, first, to analyze the instances of international assistance provided to the TRC to determine what aid worked well and why or why not. The thesis finds overall that foreign support has been an important bulwark to the Commission. Nevertheless, the thesis identifies shortcomings in the effectiveness of foreign assistance to the TRC. Based on these findings the thesis pursues a second objective: extracting lessons from the TRC to guide future international efforts in support of truth commissions in post-conflict and transitional states. The thesis underscores common challenges facing truth commissions. By extrapolating from the South African case the thesis recommends ways international actors can best help future truth commissions overcome these difficulties.
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Wabwile, Michael Nyongesa. "Legal protection of social and economic rights of children in developing countries : reassessing international cooperation and responsibility." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10226.
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One of the trends in the twentieth century international law-making is the proliferation of legal norms that recognise economic and social rights. Among the landmark developments in this process was the enactment of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. This Convention declares universal rights of every child and has been ratified by virtually all states including the developing countries. This raises the issue as to whether and how the economic and social rights of children can be implemented in the developing world. One approach to this issue is to explore how the concept of international cooperation in the protection of economic and social rights has been applied to determine and assign external obligations to states parties to the UN Charter. This study examines the scope of obligations and responsibility for the fulfilment of children’s social and economic rights under international law. It argues that in addition to the domestic/vertical obligations of states’ parties to regimes of human rights law, international law on the protection and promotion of the social and economic rights of children as recently interpreted and applied by states parties entrenches binding external/diagonal obligations of states to support global fulfilment of these rights. Besides recognising their external diagonal obligations, states have adopted legal instruments assigning duties to non-state actors to contribute to the universal fulfilment of children’s social and economic rights. The present study interrogates these developments and explores how the emerging jurisprudence on states’ extra-territorial obligations regarding children’s social and economic rights and the responsibilities of non-state actors can be further mainstreamed in the legal discourse on international protection of economic and social rights.
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Doucet, Marc G. "Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the parallel 'people's summits': Theorizing the political and democracy in international theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57036.pdf.
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Cordeiro, Neto Jacinto Rangel Lopes. "The international dimensions of poverty relief : a comparative case study of Angola and Zambia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53653.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This report seeks to investigate the extent and success of multilateral foreign aid aimed at poverty alleviation in two countries, Angola and Zambia. Links between aid, economic growth, and poverty alleviation are also investigated. It is found that aid alone cannot create economic growth in order to alleviate poverty, and growth from aid alone is not sustainable - as the case study of Zambia shows. In Zambia, aid did not have enough impact to change the legacy of unsound economic polices, as the institutions that led these processes lacked the capacity to design sound policies to manage the aid projects. In the case of Angola, the whole process of using aid for poverty alleviation was seriously retarded by the civil war. The war is clearly one of the major causes of the poverty that exists in Angola - unlike in the case of Zambia where poverty is a chronic situation. As poverty alleviation is critical to both these countries, they should concentrate on empowering the poor with capacity-building skills, and multilateral aid should promote this. In terms of aid agreements with multilateral institutions, conditions must be in place before aid is granted to promote the interests of the poor. Well-designed aid can be successfully implemented, and can be sustainable. However, this will work only if all stakeholders from the bottom to the top are actively involved in the planning through to the implementing stages. Apart from empowering the poor, government and multilateral agencies also need to encourage the growth of the private sector in these two countries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verslag stelondersoek in na die omvang en sukses van multilaterale hulpverlening aan Zambië en Angola wat gemik is op die verligting van armoede. Die verband tussen hulpverlening, ekonomiese groei en armoedeverligting word ook ondersoek. Daar word bevind dat hulpverlening nie outomaties aanleiding gee tot groei -plus-armoedeverligting nie, en dat ekonomiese groei wat op hulpverlening gebaseer is, onvolhoubaar is, soos Zambië illustreer. In Zambië kon hulpverlening nie daarin slaag om swak ekonomiese beleid reg te ruk nie, vanweë die gebrek aan institusionele kapasiteit. In die geval van Angola was pogings om hulp te benut vir armoedeverligting ernstig in die wiele gery deur die burgeroorlog, een van die hoofoorsake van armoede in Angola. Aaangesien armoedeverligting "n kritiese uitdaging vir albei state is, moet die armes bemagtig word deur kapasiteitsbou, en multilaterale hulp moet daarvoor geoormerk word. Dit impliseer dat hulpverleningsooreenkomste aan voorwaardes wat die armes bevoordeel, onderworpe moet wees. Goed-ontwerpte hulp kan suksesvol toegepas word, en kan volhoubaar wees. Dit voorveronderstel egter dat alle belangegroepe aktief betrek word. Naas die bevordering van die belange van die armes, moet die privaatsektor in albei state ook verder uitgebou word.
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MacKay, Edward Grant. "CIDA and the aid-trade linkage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Canadian foreign aid program increasingly has been linked to trade and other commercial objectives- How and why has this happened? Has this been a successful linkage? What are the implications for Canada and its foreign aid program of this pursuit of the aid-trade linkage? This thesis attempts to answer these questions by exploring the origins and evolution of Canada's aid program, the political and bureaucratic status of Canada's aid agency, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and the various policies and policy instruments employed in this recent orientation of aid.
It is here argued that in the pragmatic origins of Canada's aid efforts, beginning with the Colombo Plan of the 1950s, lay the seeds for today's aid-trade policy linkage. These origins enabled the interests and objectives of other federal government departments to intrude on and often supersede developmental considerations in Canadian development assistance. As a result, the creation of a strong central aid agency has consistently been impeded, and the needs of Third World nations consistently overshadowed by domestic concerns.
Exacerbating this situation was the fiscal restraint and domestic recession of the late 1970s and early 1980s. The pressures stemming from these twin problems gave the final impetus for the increasing integration of aid and commerce.
While it is questionable whether linking aid with commerce serves Canada's political and economic interests, in either the short term or the long term, the federal government seems intent on continuing this policy trend. Indeed, the aid-trade linkage superficially resolves a number of administrative problems for CIDA, and enthusiastically is promoted as a bright new opportunity for Canada and its development partners. Conversely, efforts to reverse this policy trend face many obstacles in the Canadian polity and society. In the absence of decisive political leadership on this issue, then, aid-trade linkage is likely to continue.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Thusi, Thokozani. "Mission impossible? Linking humanitarian assistance and development aid in political emergencies in Southern Africa: The case of Mozambique between 1975-1995." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this research is to highlight both the conceptual and practical factors that constrain attempts to link humanitarian assistance and development aid in political emergencies in Southern Africa by using the case study of Mozambique in the period between 1975-1995. Extensive use and reference to Norwegian relief and development aid during the above-mentioned period is made. Although cross-reference is made to other donor countries such as the Like-minded Group (comprising of Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland) and UN agencies that supported Mozambique's transition from war to peace, the major focus is on Norway as she has traditionally been the sixth largest bilateral donor by the early 1990's and incorporated long-term development priorities in her programs.
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Tripodi, Leandro. "O direito uniforme da venda do século 21: caducidade e renovação da CISG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-30082017-153922/.
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A Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os Contratos de Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias de 1980 (CVIM ou CISG) atingiu sua caducidade em virtude: 1) das profundas modificações ocorridas no comércio internacional desde sua adoção; 2) de seu diálogo insatisfatório com outras fontes do direito do comércio internacional; 3) da necessidade de incorporação de objetivos fundamentais da comunidade internacional; 4) da necessidade de uma nova configuração institucional a fim de promover sua adequada aplicação mundialmente. Por tais razões, sugere-se que futuros trabalhos na Comissão das Nações Unidas para o Direito Mercantil Internacional (CNUDMI ou UNCITRAL) levem a uma renovação da CISG com o propósito de adaptá-la às características do comércio mundial no século 21, em particular com respeito: 1) à considerável dificuldade em se separar o comércio de bens do comércio de serviços; 2) à maior importância dada à autonomia da vontade e a regras privadas aplicadas por árbitros internacionais sem a direta participação do Estado; 3) à necessidade de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável em conexão com a responsabilidade social corporativa; 4) à necessidade de melhorar a aplicação uniforme (ou adequada) do direito da compra e venda internacional em virtude do surgimento de instrumentos regionais e da tendência domesticista dos tribunais nacionais. De acordo com as conclusões da presente tese, os futuros trabalhos a serem conduzidos na UNCITRAL devem ser levados adiante segundo as seguintes premissas: 1) os trabalhos já realizados pela UNCITRAL na área do direito do comércio internacional devem ser preservados e levados adiante; 2) futuros trabalhos na área do direito da compra e venda internacional devem assumir a forma de uma nova convenção internacional que contenha princípios gerais do direito dos contratos assim como regras para a compra e venda de mercadorias e serviços; 3) tal nova convenção deve promover a arbitragem como método de resolução de controvérsias, tendo em vista que a arbitragem apresenta maiores chances de produzir uniformidade de aplicação do que os tribunais nacionais. Propõe-se que a nova convenção seja denominada de Convenção sobre os Contratos de Compra e Venda de Mercadorias e Serviços (CISGS). Também se propõe que seu texto seja redigido conjuntamente pela UNCITRAL e pelo Instituto Internacional para a Unificação do Direito Privado (UNIDROIT). A CISGS deverá futuramente substituir a CISG. Porém, até que a CISGS entre em vigor e seja adotada por um número relevante de Estados, a CISG continuará a fornecer regras padrão para a compra e venda internacional de mercadorias.The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 1980 (CISG) has become old to the extent that: 1) fundamental changes have affected international trade since its inception; 2) it has proved to poorly interact with other sources of international trade law; 3) it needs to incorporate fundamental objectives of the international community and 4) it deserves a new institutional framework to ensure its proper application on a global basis. On such grounds, it is suggested further work at the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) ought to be carried out for the purpose of renovating the CISG and adapting it to the requirements of world trade in the 21st century, due in particular to: 1) considerably increasing difficulty in severing sales of goods from sales of services; 2) greater importance given to party autonomy and to privatized rules applied by international arbitrators without direct participation of the state; 3) the need to promote sustainable development in connection with corporate social responsibility; 4) the need to further the uniform (or proper) application of international sales law in the light of the emergence of regional instruments and the homeward trend of national courts. According to the findings of the present thesis, further work at UNCITRAL must be carried out according to the following premises: 1) the work already done by UNCITRAL in the field of international sales law must be preserved and carried forward; 2) further work in the field of international sales law must be envisaged in the form of a new convention that encompasses principles of contract law as well as rules on contracts for the sale of goods and services; 3) such new convention must promote arbitration as a dispute resolution method, on the ground that arbitration is more likely to provide uniformity of application than national courts. It is proposed the new convention be named as the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and Services (CISGS). It is also proposed its text be jointly drafted by UNCITRAL and by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT). The CISGS is intended to replace the CISG in due course. However, until the CISGS enters into force and is adopted by relevant membership, the CISG will continue to provide default rules for the international sale of goods.
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Orchard, Philip. "A right to leave : refugees, states, and international society." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation investigates regime-based efforts by states to cooperate in providing assistance and protection to refugees since 1648. It argues from a constructivist perspective that state interests and identities are shaped both by other actors in the international system - including norm entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations - and by the broader normative environment. Refugees are a by-product of this environment. Fundamental institutions - including territoriality, popular sovereignty, and international law - formed a system in which exit was one of the few mechanisms of survival for those who were religiously and politically persecuted.
This led states to recognize that people who were so persecuted were different from ordinary migrants and had a right to flee their own state and seek accommodation elsewhere. States recognized this right to leave, but did not recognize a requirement that any given state had a responsibility to accept these refugees. This contradiction creates a dilemma in international relations, one which states have sought to solve through international cooperation.
The dissertation explores policy change within the United States and Great Britain at the international and domestic levels in order to understand the tensions within current refugee protection efforts. Three regimes, based in different normative understandings, have framed state cooperation. In the first, during the 19th century, refugees were granted protections under domestic and then bilateral law through extradition treaties. The second, in the interwar period, saw states taught by norm entrepreneurs that multilateral organizations could successfully assist refugees, though states remained unwilling to provide blanket assistance and be bound by international law. These issues led to the failure of states to accommodate Jewish refugees fleeing from Germany in the 1930s. The third, since the Second World War, had a greater consistency among its norms, especially recognition by states of the need for international law. Once again, this process was shaped by other actors, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This regime has been challenged by increased refugee numbers and restrictions on the part of states, but its central purpose remains robust due to the actions of actors such as the UNHCR.
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Verdonk, Tilda. "South-South Cooperation : A case study of Ethiopia’s political and economic relations with China and Turkey." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76680.
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As the world system and the global political economy is under constant transformation, there is an increasing need for further research. Shifting from a North-South polarity towards a South-South-East relationship, the situation on the African continent is gaining more and more attention. The debate goes between the highly concerned alarmists warning for a new type of colonialism and those that are more opportunistic emphasizing the possibilities for underdeveloped countries to finally gain independence from Western predator claws. This thesis further explores the relationship between Ethiopia’s expanding partnerships with China and Turkey, aiming for analysis through the lens of the also highly debated dependency theory. China and Turkey both express and emphasize the economic and political rhetoric of solidarity and mutual win-win relationships. This thesis thus seeks to investigate if this can be considered the case or if instead, the driving forces behind Chinese as well as Turkish engagement in Ethiopia are to be viewed upon as purely strategical concerning political and economic self-interests. By applying a comparative case study approach when analysing the two relationships of China-Ethiopia and Turkey-Ethiopia, this thesis will examine statistics and numbers regarding the economic exchange in terms of trade, financial assistance and investment flows. The underlying driving forces behind the relationships will also be analysed before arriving at the conclusion that the relationships are indeed significantly uneven regarding power. The imbalances in the trade structures can be seen as an underlying factor of dependency. However, the characteristics of the of these South-South relations differ from the historically exploitative of North-South relations. Ethiopia can be seen to be given more room for self-determination and has gained benefits from its cooperation with both China and Turkey. Despite this, there is a need for the Ethiopian government to address its development needs and furthermore, increase its bargaining capacity in order to benefit further from trade agreements and foreign investment.
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Abdullah, Adel. "Political and economic integration in the Gulf Cooperation Council 1981 including a survey of the problem of non tariff barriers applying to the important plastic and chemical industries." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309092.
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Tooze, Jennifer A. "Identification and enforcement of social security and social assistance guarantees under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246933.
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Belmont, Caroline J. "A Critical Examination of Oil Wealth Management Strategies and Their Effects on Economic Growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1331.
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Despite their natural resources, the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman) have failed to live up to their economic potential, primarily due to their dependence on a revenue source with volatile prices and political significance in an unstable region. This thesis argues that the best way to convert oil wealth into consistent long term growth is through diversification, both by investing in foreign assets and by growing domestic sectors that are independent from oil and gas prices. The research further investigates the primary tool these countries have used to do so – sovereign wealth funds – and how their implementation and structures have impacted their effectiveness in achieving economic diversification and growth.
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Senona, Joseph M. "Human rights and the WTO: Incorporation or cooperation? Is there a need for an agreement on trade-related aspects of human rights?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_7812_1177925661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this paper was to explore and evaluate the viability of incorporating the promotion, enforcement and protection of human rights within the WTO agenda, mandate and framework. It further aimed to investigate the viability of accelerating multilateral cooperation amongst international major role players, thus assessing and evaluating the kind of cooperation necessary for the adequate protection and enforcement of human rights by the WTO and major role players involved.
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Enayati, Saeedé. "Cooperation industrielle et transfert de technologie : cas de l'Iran." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
À l’heure actuelle, la création de nouvelles technologies au niveau mondial est le fait de quelques pays riches seulement. Le changement technologique est donc déterminé, dans une large mesure, par la diffusion et les transferts internationaux de technologie. Le document présent offre une analyse complète et détaillé sur le sujet de la coopération industrielle et le transfert de technologie, vers les pays en développement, en particulier l’Iran, un pays géographiquement, politiquement et économiquement stratégique, et les conséquences positives et négatives résultants de ces coopérations sur sa croissance économiques, en considérant les événements principaux passées, la situation actuelle et les stratégies pour le développement en futur. Nous allons appliquer le modèle de Solow (1956), comme la base de notre modèle économétrique pour examiner l'impact de la coopération industriel de l’Iran sur sa croissance économique. À cet égard, la méthode des données du Panel est appliquée pour un échantillon de 21 industries manufacturières de l’Iran, dans une période de 23 ans, de 1992 à 2013. Les résultats de ce modèle montrent que des inputs des différentes industries ; capitales physiques et capital humaines de l’Iran ont les effets positive et significative sur la croissance économique de ce pays. Par contre, les deux principaux canaux de la coopération industrielle c’est-à-dire les investissements étrangers et le commerce international ont les effets négative et significative sur la croissance économique de l’Iran. L'effet de l'interaction entre l'IDE et le commerce est positif et significatif pour ce paysKnowledge and technology are key factors in the development and economic growth of all countries. At present, the creation of new technologies worldwide is the fact of a few rich countries only. Technological change is determined, largely, through the dissemination and the international transfer of technology. This study provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis on the subject of industrial cooperation and technology transfer to developing countries. Our study particularly focuses on Iran, a country geographically, politically and economically strategic. We have demonstrated the positive and negative consequences resulting from these cooperation on Iran’s economic growth, considering the key past events, current status and strategies for future development. We apply the Solow model (1956) as the basis of our econometric model to examine the impact of industrial cooperation of Iran on the country’s economic growth. In this regard, the Panel Data method is applied to a sample of 21 manufacturing industries in Iran, in a period of 23 years, from 1992 to 2013. The results of our model show that inputs of different industries; physical capital and human capital of Iran have significant positive effects on economic growth in the country, but the two main channels of industrial cooperation such as foreign investment and international trade have significant negative effects on economic growth of Iran. The effect of the interaction between foreign direct investment and trade is positive and significant for this country
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Elafif, Mohamed. "An examination of the extent of and the potential for Arab economic integration." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/38359.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this thesis is to examine the extent of and the potential for Arab economic integration. It adds to the growing literature on the issue of economic integration by throwing the spotlight on several issues hitherto little considered in the existing literature. The thesis especially blends various aspects of economic integration with models of spatial competition, economic geography, regionalisation and globalisation to explain the problems of and prospects for economic integration for the Arab countries. It is important to realise that economic integration has become an important aim for almost all countries in the world; in particular, less developed countries, which need more economic efforts to be able to deal with the current international milieu and the gale of globalisation. The Arab countries have engaged in a number of initiatives to advance economic integration, however despite this the degree of economic integration among them is still relatively insignificant. The thesis also attempts to offer theoretical models to explain the obstacles preventing economic integration in the Arab world. This thesis is, to the best of the author’s knowledge and belief, the first rigorous study of the extent of and the potential for Arab economic integration through three vital economic perspectives: trade, investment and labour flows. In the first perspective, this study investigates the nature of intra-Arab trade and which particular countries/sub-group of countries may potentially become an integrated regional production system, or hub. This investigation is done within the scope of gravity models, which assume that intra-trade is a function of the GDPs of the involved countries and the distance between them. The thesis extends the literature by introducing spatial models and models of new economic geography to explain how economic integration evolves in the current international milieu concomitantly driven by globalisation and regionalisation. In the second perspective, this study investigates intra-Arab FDI and capital mobility. The postulated model assumes that intra-Arab FDI is a function of a number of economic variables, such as GDP, GDP per capita, inflation and purchasing power parity. The thesis offers a comprehensive theoretical model to explain how successful economic integration can be carried out by FDI flows. In the third perspective, the study investigates intra-Arab labour flows. The proposed model utilises remittances as an indicator of labour flows. It assumes that remittances are a function of some economic variables, such as GDP per capita, the real price of oil, and the oil production of Saudi Arabia, which represents the main Arab host country of Arab labour flows. The proposed theoretical model offers insights into the dynamics of labour flows and oil price movements. The econometric study in the thesis applies panel data for the period 1985-2005, and employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) fixed effects regression. The most important empirical finding of the study is that Arab economic integration has been significantly affected by intra-trade, intra-FDI and intra-labour flows among sub-unions of Arab countries.
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Khalfan, Ashfaq. "State obligations beyond borders relating to economic, social and cultural rights : legal basis, extent and implications for development cooperation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669753.
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Dietsch, Marcel. "The political economy of natural gas producer cooperation : cartelisation and market power." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0454e490-1583-45af-aa70-83526dbcd4af.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2001 the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) was created by some of the world’s leading natural gas producing and exporting countries in order to promote their mutual interests through cooperation, in particular with regard to extracting the maximum value from their natural gas exports. My core research question is: Does cooperation among GECF member countries explain those exporters’ market power in highly import-dependent natural gas consuming countries? To determine the influence of the GECF’s cooperative actions and policies, I study the GECF’s cooperative behaviour and measure the role of (collusive) producer conduct in terms of its contribution to achieving the main GECF objective: attaining gas prices that are measurably above the cost of production and hence help producers earn significant economic rents. I employ a variety of methods from the international relations literature on cooperation and cartelisation, collective action theory and an economic measurement model in three case studies. I find that cooperation among GECF members partly explains their market power in a number of import-dependent gas markets. This is so despite the GECF’s weak degree of institutionalisation. The reasons for the GECF’s influence on effective cooperative results are: first, conducive structural conditions in many gas importing markets favouring cartelisation; second, GECF members use methods such as artificial market entry barriers (e.g. long-term term contracts negotiated in a non-transparent way) to secure their market power and third, the GECF faces less severe internal procedural challenges that plague other cartels such as collective action problems, especially cheating. Cooperation among GECF exporters hence contributes to high(er) prices of natural gas. This causes economic inefficiencies and a transfer of wealth—and political power—from gas consumers to producers. It also hinders climate change mitigation as cleanerburning gas remains too expensive to replace ‘dirty’ coal in power generation.
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Wang, Tsai Yun, and 王彩雲. "Study on the Strategy of Economic Assistance for ROC to Central America─Example of the International Cooperation and Development Fund." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62322679733745114271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
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This study goes through the theoretical foundation of economic assistance and analyzes the form and practice of economic assistance in these three countries: The United States, Japan, and China. It also analyzes the course of development of Taiwan’s economic assistance. It is principally directed at the current state of economic assistance by the “International Cooperation and Development Fund” (ICDF) for six Central American countries. It investigates the current phase of assistance strategies for Central America, and how to reach maximum profits for Taiwan. “The North-South Gap” has been looked upon as a principle cause of international turbulence. Therefore, after World War II, the United Nations and “The Development Assistance Committee” (DAC) jointly called on developed countries to supply yearly economic assistance to assist the economic development of moderately developed countries and provide maximum international responsibility. Nevertheless, from the perspective of nations providing assistance, the final goal is still to pursue their own countries’ national profits. The United States and Japan are the two countries with the largest assistance funds, and The United States is the original country to serve as a source of foreign assistance. Aside from political and security profits, it also gives consideration to economic profits. This causes the assistance and domestic adjustment of industries to be closely linked with economic development. After Japan’s defeat in World War II, it used multiple assistance plans to become a leading economic power. Their principle characteristics were direct participation in civil departments and assistance policy-making systems, which allowed assistance, trading, and investment to combine into one organic whole. In recent years, Mainland China has also reformed its method of implementing foreign aid uses the method of joint ventures. It actively encourages businesses to receive assistance planning administered by assisting nations. Taiwan began supplying foreign aid in 1960s. In 1997, the primary policies for the completed foreign aid system were assigned to administer by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The conscientious administration of the “International Cooperation and Development Fund” was also under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Six Central American nations had long-term strategic diplomatic ties with Taiwan, and this has been a key region for economic assistance from Taiwan. These six Central American nations are currently actively engaged in all varieties of construction; moreover, they hope to enlist the support of Taiwan’s development experience and hope for investment from Taiwan’s business world. Moreover, the government of Taiwan is also encouraging the business world to look towards Central America to carry out the division of labor and make use of the region’s advancement towards the North American market. It would also like to use the promotion of mutual economic trade relations as a means of promoting friendly ties between nations. Through the analysis of the current progress of six Central American nations’ economic assistance by the International Cooperation and Development Committee, it was discovered that first priority was given to the economic development of the nations receiving assistance. However, while developed countries provide aid and assistance, strategies for the combined use of assistance and mutual benefits have yet to be actively utilized. Therefore, a deeper investigation has led to several recommendations for assistance strategies, including: the use of “Equal Emphasis of Politics and Economics” as an assistance objective, policy making power for strengthening economic and trade mechanisms, raising foreign aid funds in Taiwan, reforming the foundational design of assistance formats, promoting these three unified strategic items: foreign aid, commerce, and investment, and reaching maximum profits for Taiwan.
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Setiawan, Dorita. "International aid’s role in Indonesia’s social work professionalization process: a narrative analysis." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VX0G37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A massive tsunami hit Aceh in December 26, 2004. It was one of the biggest natural disasters of the century. The tsunami’s unprecedented destruction of the area attracted the biggest influx ever of international aid and highlighted the nearly non-existent social service system at local levels. The abundance of international aid served as an impetus for the Indonesian government to review their social service system. This is the first time that resources from international aid in Indonesia were allocated for professionalization of social workers.
This dissertation utilizes a qualitative narrative analysis to explore the questions: How do Indonesian social workers understand and express their experience of the social work professionalization process post-2004 tsunami? How do they interpret the process of professionalization? How do the systems available influence their professional interpretation of the experience and affect their strategies to gain public recognition and resources to claim professional jurisdiction in a society? Interviews were conducted of fifteen Indonesian social workers who were involved in the 2004 tsunami recovery efforts and are still active in the social work professionalization efforts today. The findings show that the international aid and 2004 tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia was the impetus for professionalization of social work in Indonesia. This study explores how Indonesian social workers understand and interpret their experience during the tsunami 2004 recovery efforts using Abbott’s system of professions concepts to frame the professionalization process as impacted by international aid during the 2004 tsunami. The findings revolve around formal public recognition, community sanction and a systematic knowledge base in Indonesia’s social work professionalization process.