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1
Chandler, David. "Cambodia in 2009: Plus C'est la Mêême Chose." Asian Survey 50, no. 1 (January 2010): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2010.50.1.228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cambodia's manufacturing sector suffered in the global downturn. The ruling party, led by Hun Sen, tightened its controls and thousands of citizens were driven from their homes in the interest of development. Relations with Thailand soured, the tribunal indicting leaders of the Khmer Rouge proceeded slowly, and Chinese economic assistance increased.
2
Hayes, Michael. "Teaching Cultural Studies and Area Studies in Thailand." MANUSYA 1, no. 2 (1998): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00102004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This short paper discusses teaching western Cultural Studies, in particular Australian Cultural Studies, in Thailand. By contextualising pedagogical issues, such as classroom practices and course contents, with the surrounding economic, institutional, and national educational agendas, this paper outlines some of the tensions between western and Asian tertiary education systems. Specifically, examining the development and place of cultural studies in the western university highlights the inability for cultural studies to articulate its specific view of culture.
3
Kiertiburanakul, S., W. Phongsamart, T. Tantawichien, W. Manosuthi, and P. Kulchaitanaroaj. "Economic Burden of Influenza in Thailand: A Systematic Review." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 57 (January 2020): 004695802098292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958020982925.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thailand has a high incidence and high mortality rates of influenza. This study summarizes the evidence on economic burden or costs of influenza subsequent to the occurrence of influenza illness in the Thai population by specific characteristics such as population demographics, health conditions, healthcare facilities, and/or cost types from published literature. A systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases. All costs were extracted and adjusted to 2018 US dollar value. Out of 581 records, 11 articles (1 with macroeconomic analysis and 10 with microeconomic analyses) were included. Direct medical costs per episode for outpatients and inpatients ranged from US$4.21 to US$212.17 and from US$163.62 to US$4577.83, respectively, across distinct influenza illnesses. The overall burden of influenza was between US$31.1 and US$83.6 million per year and 50-53% of these estimates referred to lost productivity. Costs of screening for an outbreak of influenza at an 8-bed-intensive-care-unit hospital was US$38242.75 per year. Labor-sensitive sectors such as services were the most affected part of the Thai economy. High economic burden tended to occur among children and older adults with co-morbidities and to be related to complications, non-vaccinated status, and severe influenza illness. Strategies involving prevention, limit of transmission, and treatment focusing on aforementioned patients’ factors, containment of hospitalization expenses and quarantine process, and assistance on labor-sensitive economy sectors are likely to reduce the economic burden of influenza. However, a research gap exists regarding knowledge about the economic burden of influenza in Thailand.
4
Luntz, Harold. "Compensation for Loss of an Economic Nature : An Australian Perspective." Dommages-intérêts / assurance 39, no. 2-3 (April 12, 2005): 491–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043501ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper first describes briefly the scope of the no-fault motor accident schemes which operate in Australia. It then sets out and evaluates the benefits payable under each for losses of an economic nature. These are benefits for hospital, medical, nursing, rehabilitation and like needs created by injuries in a motor accident ; for informal nursing services and assistance in the home, the need for which is similarly created ; for loss of earning capacity resulting from such accidents ; and for death so resulting. It does not deal with benefits for loss of a non-economic nature, such as pain and suffering (for which, as such, compensation is not generally payable under the schemes) and impairment. It nevertheless concludes that most benefits for loss of an economic nature should be integrated with the Australian social security system and that the true role of a no-fault scheme is to compensate for permanent impairment, since there is no general disability benefit payable under the social security system.
5
Tai, Wan-Ping, and Samuel Ku. "State and Industrial Policy: Comparative Political Economic Analysis of Automotive Industrial Policies in Malaysia and Thailand." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2013): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v1i1.61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerous differences exist between the neoclassical and national development schools of economics on how an economy should develop. For example, should the state interfere in the market using state resources, and cultivate certain industries to achieve specific developmental goals? Although the automotive industries in both Thailand and Malaysia developed in the 1970s with considerable government involvement, they have evolved along very different lines. Can these differences be traced to different interactions between the state and industry in these two countries? This paper examines this issue and finds that although industries in developing countries need government assistance, the specific political and economic contexts of each country affect the policies adopted and their effectiveness. The choice between “autonomous development” (Malaysia) and “dependent development” (Thailand) is the first issue. The second issue is that politics in Malaysia has deterred the automotive industry from adopting a “market following” position. This paper finds that the choice of strategy and political interference are the two main reasons the automotive industry in Malaysia is less competitive than that in Thailand.
6
Gibson, Lisanne. "The Arts as Industry." Media International Australia 90, no. 1 (February 1999): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909000112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a discursive split in Australian arts policy between subvention of the arts justified in terms of ‘humanistic’ objectives and subvention of the arts justified in terms of ‘economic’ objectives. It is possible to locate the emergence of this particular split to the 1976 Industries Assistance Commission Report, Assistance to the Performing Arts. Over the last two decades, these policy objectives have been constructed as in competition. This paper traces the history of the construction of the ‘arts as industry’ in Australian arts policy. In conclusion, it queries the more recent terms in which ‘arts as industry’ policy objectives have been set as in opposition to ‘public provision’ models of arts subvention.
7
Un, Kheang. "Cambodia in 2011." Asian Survey 52, no. 1 (January 2012): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2012.52.1.202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Cambodia's economy in 2011 recovered from the global economic downturn with a rise in garment exports. Hun Sen and the ruling Cambodian People's Party further consolidated power via the exercise of rule by law and patronage politics. Relations with Thailand returned to normal; ties with China strengthened with increased assistance and trade. The Khmer Rouge Tribunal proceeded amid allegations of political interference by the Cambodian government, making the further expansion of indictments unlikely.
8
Prinanda, Devita. "Efektivitas Multi-bi Aid pada Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Triangle Project." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 4, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v4i2.5910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The existences of geographical factors, push factors and pull factors generated the intensity of migration in Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS). The region which consists of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and part of China’s territory had various problems in the migration process. A predominant problem of migration is rendered by the absence of law framework. Therefore, there were a practically illegal migrant and human trafficking. This research will explain the assistance to recover migration’s problems in GMS given by Australian Government (cooperated with ILO). The type of assistance is categorized as multi-bi aid which is the assistance given by the bilateral donor to a multilateral institution. The assistance was released in the form of a project named GMS Triangle Project with the aim of creating migrant protection in GMS. To analyze the implementation of that project, the author uses the concept of multi-bi aid and review effectiveness through the concept of aid effectiveness proposed by Paris Agreement including ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for a result, and Mutual Accountability. The result of this study describes how multi-bi aid methods are embodied in a form of project and effectiveness are different for each receiving state in GMS.
9
Rudner, Martin. "Japanese Official Development Assistance to Southeast Asia." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (February 1989): 73–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Japan's involvement as a donor of Official Development Assistance (ODA) can be traced back, historically, to post-second world war arrangements for war damage reparations. At that time, the late 1940s, early 1950s, Japan was itself a low-income country, whose industries had suffered widespread dislocation and ruin due to war. Yet, the new post-war Japanese government, eager to work its way back into the comity of nations, undertook to make reparation for the destruction of economic assets in the territories that had been fought over. The reparations agreements concluded in the 1950s involved many of the developing countries on the Asia/Pacific Rim—reflecting the pattern of wartime conquest—some of them independent, others still under European colonial rule. Thailand and the People's Republic of China were excluded from reparations, the former due to its wartime co-belligerent status, the latter since it was unrecognized by Japan, ironically in view of their subsequent emergence as the largest recipients of Japanese bilateral ODA by the 1980s. In the event, by the time Japanese reparations had become available, reconstruction assistance had already begun to give way to post-reconstruction support for public sector economic growth. A greater part of these reparations consisted of deliveries of Japanese capital goods and equipment, e.g., cargo ships, through transfer mechanisms designed to match Japan's re-emergent industrial export capabilities with the import requirements of Southeast Asian economic development.By way of contrast with the contemporary Western orientation in development assistance to Asia, driven by a 'Big Push' syndrome towards relatively large-scale infrastructure projects through such mechanisms as the Colombo Plan, the Japanese experience with reparations provided from the outset a closer strategic integration between Japan's international donor obligations, on the one hand, and its export strategy and dynamic competitive advantages in international trade, on the other.
10
Imkome, Ek-uma, and Kamonchanok Moonchai. "Until the dawn: everyday experiences of people living with COVID-19 during the pandemic in Thailand." F1000Research 11 (December 22, 2022): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127578.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: This study aims to understand and analyze the complex experiences of people living with COVID-19 to support future cases. Methods: Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed to collect data through in-depth interviews; the data were combined with non-aggregated behavioral observations. Lived experiences of 15 individuals were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. We used the thematic analysis technique to analyze the data. Results: Through analysis, themes of stress, economic impact, social stigma, social support, and unexpected benefits were identified. Participants further expressed economic and social concerns during the interviews. Conclusion: The identified themes can help develop multidisciplinary treatment strategies that would be useful during a healthcare crisis, establish comprehensive support systems that could address economic and social problems, and provide training for employees for post-COVID-19 assistance.
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Lin, Sherry. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3." Higher Education Studies 10, no. 3 (August 30, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: hes@ccsenet.org
Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 3
Arbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Arwa Aleryani, Saba University, Yemen
Aurora-Adina Colomeischi, Stefan cel Mare University, Romania
Aynur Yürekli, İzmir University of Economics, Turkey
Bo Chang, Ball State University, USA
Carmen P. Mombourquette, University of Lethbridge, Canada
Evrim Ustunluoglu, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey
Ezgi Pelin Yildiz, Kafkas University in KARS, Turkey
Huda Fadhil Halawachy, University of Mosul, Iraq
Hüseyin Serçe, Selçuk University, Turkey
Jayanti Dutta, Panjab University, India
John Rafferty, Charles Sturt University, Australia
John W. Miller, Benedict College, USA
Kartheek R. Balapala, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Mei Jiun Wu, Faculty of Education, University of Macau, China
Meric Ozgeldi, Mersin University, Turkey
Minna Körkkö, Unversity of Lapland, Finland
Mirosław Kowalski, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
Muhammad Ishtiaq Ishaq, Global Institute Lahore, Pakistan
Nayereh Shahmohammadi, Academic Staff, Iran
Oktavian Mantiri, Asia-Pacific International University, Thailand
Qing Xie, Jiangnan University, China
Rouhollah Khodabandelou, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
Saheed Ahmad Rufai, Lagos State University, Nigeria
Salwa El-Sobkey, Modern University for Technology and Information, Egypt
Savitri Bevinakoppa, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
Waldiney Mello, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Yvonne Joyce Moogan, Leeds University Business School, United Kingdom
Zahra Shahsavar, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
12
Nima, Sawpheeyah, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, and Pongthep Suteerawut. "The Effects of Special Economic Zone on Community Health Awareness in Sadao District Songkhla Province, Thailand." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI 1 (November 15, 2018): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi1.314.320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thailand has introduced the policy of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) development to promote trade and investment opportunities in border areas since 2015. However, creating a health awareness strategy prior to SEZ has not been emphasized. This study described the effects of SEZ on community health awareness (CHA) over the period 2017-2018 in Southern border area of Thailand: Sadao District Songkhla Province. Data was collected from 10 groups (151 persons) of 14 community participants by focus group discussion and in-depth interview for developing healthy families, including the growth and stability of each member during SEZ development. The results revealed that promoting awareness of community health issues and preventative action to SEZ was a vital role of themselves to help each other. Not only the engagement of healthcare professionals and health village volunteers, each community was organized themselves to strive in delivering informative, accurate information and assistance. The findings indicated that the prominent policy in promoting a CHA framework is a crucial strategy to enhance sustainability SEZ performance.
13
Zilinskas, Raymond A. "Biotechnology and the Third World: the missing link between research and applications." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 1046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A United Nations University study investigated the activities of four major United Nations agencies that focussed on helping developing countries gain advanced capabilities in biotechnology. Relevant program and project documents were scrutinized at agency headquarters and managers were interviewed. Then, projects underway in three case countries (Egypt, Thailand, and Venezuela) were examined. The resulting information was used to assess whether United Nations projects were fulfilling these countries' needs and (or) advancing their capabilities in biotechnology. The minute, United Nations originated assistance available was directed solely at increasing capabilities in research and thus benefited bioscientists and their institutes. However, as virtually no linkage exists between the research establishment and the industrial–marketing sector, results from indigenous research does not reach industrialists or health workers. Consequently, biotechnology is neither advancing economic development in the case countries nor helping solve national problems. This situation is likely to persist because corrective systemic changes will be difficult to implement. Major implications of these findings are discussed, particularly as they bear on the United Nations system.Key words: Third World biotechnology, capability building in biotechnology, United Nations assistance, Egypt, Thailand, Venezuela.
14
Temple, Jeromey, Sue Booth, and Christina Pollard. "Social Assistance Payments and Food Insecurity in Australia: Evidence from the Household Expenditure Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030455.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is widely understood that households with low economic resources and poor labourmarket attachment are at considerable risk of food insecurity in Australia. However, little is knownabout variations in food insecurity by receipt of specific classes of social assistance payments thatare made through the social security system. Using newly released data from the 2016 HouseholdExpenditure Survey, this paper reports on variations in food insecurity prevalence across a range ofpayment types. We further investigated measures of financial wellbeing reported by food-insecurehouseholds in receipt of social assistance payments. Results showed that individuals in receiptof Newstart allowance (11%), Austudy/Abstudy (14%), the Disability Support Pension (12%),the Carer Payment (11%) and the Parenting Payment (9%) were at significantly higher risk of foodinsecurity compared to those in receipt of the Age Pension (<1%) or no payment at all (1.3%). Resultsfurther indicated that food-insecure households in receipt of social assistance payments enduredsignificant financial stress, with a large proportion co-currently experiencing “fuel” or “energy”poverty. Our results support calls by a range of Australian non-government organisations, politicians,and academics for a comprehensive review of the Australian social security system
15
Lubulwa, G. A. S., P. Siriacha, P. J. Markwell, and J. I. Pitt. "Estimating the burden of market loss due to aflatoxins in maize: methods and estimates for Thailand." World Mycotoxin Journal 8, no. 4 (August 17, 2015): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2014.1836.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This communication updates and enhances earlier estimates of the burden of market loss associated with aflatoxin contamination of maize in Thailand using two unrelated data sets. The first, supplied by Mars Petcare (Thailand) Ltd. was compiled in 2010 from two sets of 295 random samples of maize, one collected at harvest and the second after drying, from two regions that produce more than 70% of the commercially grown maize in Thailand. The second data set was compiled between 1989 and 1993 under a collaborative research project funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and project partner countries in South East Asia. It provides aflatoxin concentrations in 108 maize samples randomly selected from retail markets in Thailand. This study shows that, even with the low aflatoxin levels found in the first data set, a burden of economic loss in Thailand exists, estimated here at about US$ 6.9 million per annum (about 0.05% of agricultural sector gross domestic product in Thailand in 2009). If the higher aflatoxin levels in the second data set are representative, then the burden of economic loss in Thailand could exceed US$ 100 million per annum (about 0.85% of agricultural sector gross domestic product), based on 2009 production and prices data. Most of the losses are borne by producers of chicken meat, eggs, pig meat, duck meat, freshwater fish, milk and maize, in descending order of magnitude of loss. This communication enhances earlier estimates by broadening the scope to include milk and fresh water fish, by disaggregating poultry meat into chicken and duck meat, and by extending the analysis to cover the impacts of aflatoxins under a low aflatoxin level scenario.
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Mulyaman, Darynaufal, and Achmad Ismail. "DECENTRALIZATION AND CORRUPTION IN POST-1998 CRISIS ASIA IN IMF ASSISTANCE RECEIVER COUNTRY." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 3, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v3i2.1318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid action must be taken by countries to handle the 1998 Asian crisis, one of which is through IMF loans, hopefully by promoting economic development. Unfortunately, IMF recipient countries must adjust the prescription of good governance ala IMF is identical to decentralization, as a result the power from the central government is distributed to the regional government. The presence of this prescription makes corruption still exist even more extends to the regional level. The article argues that the conditions of corruption in several Asian countries that receive IMF assistance still exist, even extending to the regional level where this is closely related to the IMF prescription which is identical to the concept of decentralization. This article focuses on several IMF recipient countries, namely Thailand, South Korea, the Philippines and especially Indonesia. This article uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. In conclusion, the application of this concept, checks & balances must be further improved because power is distributed to the regional level so that corruption in the country becomes more resolved.
17
Brodie, Donald. "Preparation of Marine Pollution Contingency Plans for Small Island Nations." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Many small and remote nations of the South Pacific depend primarily on subsistence fisheries for their livelihoods. The foreshores of many of these nations are fringed by coral reefs, on which very active marine ecological systems depend. Oil spills in these areas would have a serious effect both on these systems and on the islands’ economic activities. As part of the International Maritime Organization technical assistance program for Pacific Island nations, the Australian government has carried out a number of missions to develop marine pollution contingency plans. This paper discusses the essential issues for these plans, which are often based on an assumption of low risk, but need to recognize the severe effect that a pollution incident would have on the community and the environment. The linking of national plans with effective regional assistance arrangements is also discussed.
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Dole, David, Steven Lewis-Workman, Dennis D. Trinidad, and Xianbin Yao. "The Rise of Asian Aid Donors: Recipient-to-Donor Transition and Implications for International Aid Regime." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910121989462.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aims of this article are twofold. First, from a historical perspective, it examines the recipient-to-donor transition of five Asian aid donors, namely Japan, Korea, China, India, and Thailand. Specifically, it examines the evolution of their foreign aid programs and practices. Second, it analyzes the effects of Asian aid donors on the international aid regime. We argue that the mix of economic and security goals, which motivated Asian donors to develop their initial economic cooperation programs, have persisted over time. This explains why Asian aid donors have allotted a disproportionate share of their assistance to neighboring countries and their use of foreign aid as a key tool of their commercial and diplomatic policies. Moreover, we contend that the rise and experience of Asian aid donors have created a new dynamic to donor–recipient partnerships and development cooperation like new approaches and modalities. Key findings of this study add to the growing literature on emerging donors and aid effectiveness debate.
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Spinney, Angela, and Amy Nethery. "‘Taking our Houses’: Perceptions of the Impact of Asylum Seekers, Refugees and New Migrants on Housing Assistance in Melbourne." Social Policy and Society 12, no. 2 (August 8, 2012): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746412000371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pressing issue of homelessness in Australia is largely caused by a shortage of affordable accommodation. Unexpected results from a study into the experiences of homeless families, however, revealed that many people held the perception that asylum seekers, refugees and migrants are given greater priority by welfare agencies for housing assistance. Analysis of the interview data is used to illustrate how public and political discourses circulating at the time of the interviews may have contributed to these views. The article also discusses the extent to which xenophobia in the Australian community has links with feelings of economic insecurity.
20
Alessia, Kate, and Louise Roufeil. "‘It's Quite a Journey’: Australian Parents’ Experience of Adopting Older Children from Overseas Orphanages." Children Australia 37, no. 4 (November 6, 2012): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2012.37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intercountry adoption, often of children post-infancy, is one way of forming a family in Australia. However, few studies have invited Australian parents who have incorporated older children into their family to tell their story. Fathers are under-represented in studies of parenting generally and adoptive parenting specifically.As part requirement for a clinical psychology dissertation, with ethics approval from the relevant university, 28 parents (13 fathers and 15 mothers) were interviewed about their experiences of adopting children over the age of 24 months from orphanages in China, Ethiopia, India and Thailand. Although parents’ experiences and recollections were diverse, almost all parents had been confronted by difficult child behaviours, at least initially. Contrary to previous research, the child's gender, age or duration of institutional care did not appear related to parental experience.Six major themes emerged from parent interviews: (1) the long wait and intense emotions of adoption; (2) disparity between expectations and reality; (3) recognition of children's difficult past experiences; (4) parenting as a path to self-discovery; (5) the perception of needing to present as coping; and (6) unmet needs. Mothers blamed themselves for their children's behavioural problems, rather than attributing difficulties to children's previous adverse life events. Both mothers and fathers were reluctant to use support services because they felt scrutinised and feared repercussions, and those who sought assistance generally found professionals ill-informed and unhelpful. Parents made recommendations about how the adoptive parenting process could be improved and expressed a strong desire for more information, both pre- and post-placement.
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Utami, Rayinda Citra, Djoni Hartono Hartono, and Agni Alam Awirya. "Analysis of the Competitiveness of Indonesia Tourism Price Compared to the Competitors (Demand Elasticity Approach)." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 17, no. 1 (June 28, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v17i1.1440.
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This study applies Almost Ideal Demand System models to examine Indonesia’s competitiveness as a tourist destination compared to two main competitor countries. The model was used to estimate the sensitivity of tourism demand from seven tourist-main market countries to price changes, the tourists’ total budget and global economic crisis. The model estimated result meets the assumptions of the demand theory: homogeneity and symmetry. The elasticity price shows that Indonesia is more competitive than Thailand among Australian and American tourists; while Indonesia is more competitive than Malaysia among American tourists. The research result also shows that the tourism price is the main determinant affecting the allocation of tourist expenditure in the three destinations.
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CONSIDINE, MARK. "Markets, Networks and the New Welfare State: Employment Assistance Reforms in Australia." Journal of Social Policy 28, no. 2 (April 1999): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contemporary theoretical debates point to a transformation of societies and social organisations away from universal forms of mass production and consumption, organised through mass institutions, towards smaller, diversified, entrepreneurial units linked together by new forms of market and network co-ordination. This greater diversity is also held to be a feature of service users who require individually fashioned solutions to non-standard problems and tailored products for their different tastes.Applications of these accounts of social and economic transformation to the public sector propose similar patterns to those evident in private industry and in regional communities. The large, standardised bureaucracy is seen to give way to de-coupled, multiple agency models of service delivery within a new type of welfare state.The study uses interviews and surveys (n = 365) with service delivery staff in the Australian employment assistance sector where transformations of this type have recently been sponsored by government. These data indicate that many of the key propositions of the post-Fordist account are valid. Smaller, non-unionised units dominate the new order and services are devolved to the local level. However a number of the expected patterns of flexible specialisation, diversity and networking are not found, suggesting marked differences and possible tensions between public and private sector forms of organisational development in the new order.
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Purcell, Rosemary, Michele Pathé, and Paul E. Mullen. "The Prevalence and Nature of Stalking in the Australian Community." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 1 (February 2002): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00985.x.
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Objective: This study examines the extent and nature of stalking victimisation in a random community sample. Method: A postal survey was distributed to 3700 adult men and women selected from the electoral roll in the State of Victoria. Outcome measures included the lifetime and annual cumulative incidence of stalking, the duration and methods of harassment, rates of associated violence and responses to victimisation. Results: Almost one in four respondents (23.4%;432) had been stalked, the unwanted behaviour they were subjected to being both repeated and fear-provoking. One in 10 (197) had experienced a protracted course of stalking involving multiple intrusions spanning a period of at least one month. Women were twice as likely as men to report having been stalked at some time in their lives, though the rates of victimisation in the 12 months prior to the study did not differ significantly according to gender. Younger people were significantly more likely than older respondents to report having been stalked. Victims were pursued by strangers in 42% of cases. The most common methods of harassment involved unwanted telephone calls, intrusive approaches and following. Associated threats (29%) and physical assaults (18%) frequently arose out of the stalking. Significant social and economic disruption was created by the stalking for 63% of victims. Most sought assistance to manage their predicament (69%). Conclusions: The experience of being stalked is common and appears to be increasing. Ten percent of people have been subjected at some time to an episode of protracted harassment. Assaults by stalkers are disturblingly frequent. Most victims report significant disruption to their daily functioning irrespective of exposure to associated violence.
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Tropp, Jacob. "“Intertribal” Development Strategies in the Global Cold War: Native American Models and Counterinsurgency in Southeast Asia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 62, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 421–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417520000109.
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AbstractThis article bridges the traditionally segregated fields of Native American history and the history of American foreign relations by investigating a series of activities in the late 1960s and early 1970s that interconnected Native American development and American counterinsurgency agendas in the unstable political landscapes of Southeast Asia. A small coterie of American bureaucrats, with careers spanning foreign assistance and Native American development work, saw great potential in selectively showcasing Indian economic “success stories” to serve “hilltribe” development and counterinsurgency programs in Laos and Thailand sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Central Intelligence Agency. One result was a series of “intertribal” development tours arranged for Laotian and Thai representatives in multiple Native American communities in Arizona and New Mexico. Moreover, sharing a sense that Native Americans could offer unique advantages as direct development agents among other “tribes” overseas, the tours’ organizers garnered support from a diverse range of actors—CIA and USAID officials, Laotian and Thai military officers, and Indian political and business leaders—for launching a “tribe-to-tribe” foreign assistance program. Viewed together, these transnational schemes and discussions reveal how the flexible and multivalent meanings of key development concepts at the time—such as Indian achievement, tribal initiative, and “intertribal” understanding—both facilitated and constrained official designs to employ Native American models to support political and military agendas in the “shadow” theaters of the escalating Vietnam conflict.
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Thayer, Carlyle A. "Laos in 2002: Regime Maintenance through Political Stability." Asian Survey 43, no. 1 (January 2003): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.1.120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2002, Laos emerged from a period of economic turbulence and political insecurity. The economy showed signs of recovery from the 1997––98 Asian financial crisis. But economists noted some worrying long-term trends. Foreign donors demonstrated their confidence by continuing to provide development assistance. Domestic insurgency appeared on the decline. In February, Laos conducted trouble-free national elections. The Lao government also made some positive adjustments in its treatment of Christian minority groups. Externally, Laos gave priority to reinforcing relations with its immediate neighbors, Vietnam, Thailand, and China. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) is one of the world's least-developed countries and one of the last remaining socialist states in Asia. During 2002 the one-party regime continued to consolidate its hold on power. Domestic insurgency fell and there was no renewal of the urban bombing attacks that struck Laos in 2000––01. The Lao economy continued to recover from the aftershocks of the 1997––98 Asian financial crisis, although serious structural problems remained. No serious problems emerged in Laos's external relations. Bilateral relations with Vietnam were further strengthened.
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Xaypanya, Phonesavanh, Poomthan Rangkakulnuwat, and Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat. "The determinants of foreign direct investment in ASEAN." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-10-2013-0238.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significant factors determining foreign direct investment (FDI) in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam (ASEAN3) and Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore (ASEAN5). Design/methodology/approach – This paper applies the first differencing technique to estimate the parameters on the constructed panel data starting from 2000 to 2011. Findings – Due to the different stages of economic development between ASEAN3 and ASEAN5, the determinants of FDI are different. We found that there are significantly positive effects of infrastructure facility, level of openness, and negative effect of inflation on FDI inflow in ASEAN3; while real exchange rate, gross domestic product and net official development assistance have no effect on its FDI. The finding in ASEAN5 showed that market size and infrastructure facility are significant factors to attract FDI. Furthermore, even though there are an increase in inflation rate as well as a decrease in level of openness measurement, ASEAN5 are still attractive to foreign investors. Originality/value – The time variant and invariant unobserved effects that are ignored in the previous studies are considered in this study.
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Eumsin, Payan. "Economic Gap and Labor Problems Policy in a Third World Country During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Inequality of Education within the Thai Social Class Structure." Asian Journal of Arts and Culture 22, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 255605. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/ajac.2022.255605.
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This research article has IRB (HE-DRI-NRRU024/2565; 0623.9/038) and it will try to explain the effect Of COVID 2019 by qualitative research to online-student, and the poor labor (who loss job by freezing business/economic activity). Economic gap and labor problems policy in a third world country during the coronavirus pandemic: Re-structuring and re-connect to inequality of education of class structure. The disharmony of Vaccine became a topic of international politics due to the fact that international organizations on public health and medicine were unable to curb the pandemic. Small children lacked of supportive resources to study online due to the lack of basic structure in information technology and internet. The economic-social gap from classes in the Thai society were negatively affected from the “economic development policy”. It becomes inequality (true) VS modern (fake), or “the riches are clustered but the poors are scattered (lack of technology learning)”. Coronavirus diplomatic vaccines were negatively regarded as a war of vaccine. It reflected fake cooperation among international communities. Vaccine assistance from bilateral agreements or between states worked out but failed on multilateral agreements (the delay, the near expiration date of vaccine). The war of vaccine resulted in 2 terms: torn or injected. From the abovementioned description, the research drew the conclusion as follows Thai Bureaucratic ’s policy: (1) Scarcity: Problems of the gap in economic development worsened the political contention in Thailand during the city lockdown, (2) Expectation (economic halt) and unemployment are problems of policy-inequality: “the management of vaccine affected online learning”, and impacted the shrink of a new graduate number to enter the labor markets, (3) Fear of the virus (war): Problems (asymmetry-inequality) of powers of international politics and the failure of public health international organizations should to seek the ways to handle the virus in the future rather than multinational corporations.
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Nathania, Christina, and Megahnanda Alidyan K. "An Analysis of Australia’s Foreign Policy through its Domestic Factors to Combat Child Sex Tourism in Project Childhood." ARISTO 11, no. 1 (July 11, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ars.v11i1.5318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
2010 was the year Australia initiated and signed Project Childhood, a grant and partnership to protect children from sexual exploitation due to travel and tourism. Four countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, are in a sub-region where child sex tourism occurs a lot. The phenomenon of transnational borders will involve sending country as the country of traveling child sex offenders, and receiving country for victims coordinates to make serious law enforcement regarding this issue. In formulating foreign policy, domestic factors are one way of looking at why Australia provides funding, assistance, and initiate international cooperation to combat child sex tourism in GMS. Through this research, the authors will explain the domestic factors that influence Australia in initiating Project Childhood as its foreign policy, using domestic determinants as the level of analysis. Then, it will be divided into 3 sub-determinants, they are; highly stable, demonstrating an Australian responsibility for TCSO originating in the country. This is related to one of the demographic components that cause migration problems. Moderately stable, in relation to the domestic reforms that are actively being carried out in the context of enforcing the extraterritoriality. The last, unstable, the factor of public opinion which also has played an important role so that the government gives attention to this phenomenon
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Tiraphat, Sariyamon, Doungjai Buntup, Murallitharan Munisamy, Thang Huu Nguyen, Motoyuki Yuasa, Myo Nyein Aung, and Aung Hpone Myint. "Age-Friendly Environments in ASEAN Plus Three: Case Studies from Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124523.
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Promoting age-friendly environment is one of the appropriate approaches to support quality of life toward ageing populations. However, the information regarding age-friendly environments in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Plus Three countries is still limited. This study aimed to survey the perceived age-friendly environments among ASEAN Plus Three older populations. The study employed cross-sectional quantitative research using multistage cluster sampling to select a sample of older adults in the capital cities of Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand. The final sample was composed of 2171 older adults aged 55 years and over, including 140 Japanese, 510 Thai, 537 Malaysian, 487 Myanmarese, and 497 Vietnamese older adults. Data collection was conducted using a quantitative questionnaire with 20 items of perceived age-friendly environments with the rating scale based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The score from the 20 items were analyzed and examined high-risk groups of “bad perception level” age-friendly environments using ordinal logistic regression. The research indicated the five highest inadequacies of age-friendly environments including: (1) participating in an emergency-response training session or drill which addressed the needs of older residents; (2) enrolling in any form of education or training, either formal or non-formal in any subject; (3) having opportunities for paid employment; (4) involvement in decision making about important political, economic and social issues in the community; and (5) having personal care or assistance needs met in the older adult’s home setting by government/private care services. Information regarding the inadequacy of age-friendliness by region was evidenced to guide policy makers in providing the right interventions towards older adults’ needs.
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Siang, Teo Ann. "Forum Panelist 3: MyCARE: The Humanitarian Responses as an NGO towards Pandemic COVID-19 in Malaysia." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5 (March 5, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i0.299.
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COVID-19 pandemic becomes the major disaster happening through out every part of the world and change every single sector, including the humanitarian perspective. As the COVID-19 has spread, government worldwide restrict the movement of people, interruption on activists to deliver assistances, logistics challenge and hampering humanitarian responses. This article makes HUMANITARIAN CARE MALAYSIA BERHAD (MyCARE) as an example of a local Malaysian NGO in providing humanitarian assistance during the periods in the pandemic. MyCARE is a Non-Profit Organization (NPO) registered with the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) [Reg. No: 729288-P], the member of South East Asia Humanitarian Communities (SEAHUM) and existing special consultative member of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).MyCARE’s humanitarian relief network covers South East Asia Archipelago including the Philippines, Cambodia, Southern Thailand and Vietnam; war-torn countries in the Middle East such as Palestine, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq; the stateless and displaced Rohingya people, as well as disaster-stricken areas regardless of racial and religious boundaries. MyCARE is also active in Malaysia in providing temporary shelters, rebuilding homes and provision of fresh water in the flood-stricken areas.This article wishes to share the humanitarian works by MyCARE, in which major assistance has been provided to a major natural hazard be affected during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, and urgent needs for countries such as Gaza and well as the Rohingya Refugee Camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh as the largest refugee camp in the world.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S8
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TAYLOR, PHILIP, CHRISTOPHER MCLOUGHLIN, DENNY MEYER, and ELIZABETH BROOKE. "Everyday discrimination in the workplace, job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing: age differences and moderating variables." Ageing and Society 33, no. 7 (June 15, 2012): 1105–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12000438.
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ABSTRACTIn this article we explore the importance of ‘everyday discrimination’ and other psycho-social variables for psychological wellbeing, considering differences according to age, gender and socio-economic position. Using employee survey data collected within Australian organisations we explore a statistically reliable model of the relationship between aspects of the psycho-social work environment, psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction. The employee survey was carried out in two phases during mid-2007 and mid-2008 in a national university, two international freight terminals of a large international airline, a national manufacturing company and the roadside assistance division of a motoring organisation. Structural Equation Modelling was used to configure a model including psycho-social factors: respect, support, training, job insecurity and personally meaningful work. Everyday discrimination and consultation with supervisor were considered in terms of their direct effect on psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction and their indirect effect via the psycho-social factors enumerated above. Importantly, this generalised model attempts to describe the interrelations of these factors effectively for various age groups, gender and socio-economic position. We identify age, gender and socio-economic differences in the strength and relative importance of these relationships. A further validation study with an independent sample will be required to verify the model proposed in this article. The implications for the design of workplace interventions concerned with age discrimination are discussed.
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Raza, Mohsin, Rimsha Khalid, Larisa Ivascu, and Jati Kasuma. "Education Beats at the Heart of the Sustainability in Thailand: The Role of Institutional Awareness, Image, Experience, and Student Volunteer Behavior." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020918.
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The grim effects of COVID-19 have widely obstructed every sector of life, and the education sector is not an exception. The physical meeting restrictions, lockdowns, social distancing, and movement control orders increased the dropouts of students in educational institutes. These dropouts compromised the contribution of the educational sector to the gross domestic product (GDP) and worsened the economic situation. The spike of COVID-19 shaped a curve of fears, and students are clueless as to how to mitigate its affects. Therefore, this study proposes an implication of a rare phenomenon termed as student volunteering behavior. Student volunteering behavior has the capacity to turn existing students into advocates of the institute, a great assistance to attract potential students and bring back the dropout students. This study suggests that educational institutes in Thailand should provide a better experience to students, strengthen the institute’s image, and make students aware of their services. Their memorable experiences of institutional services will enhance students’ loyalty and urge them to exhibit volunteering behavior. The result of this study indicates significant fallout of institute experience and image to student loyalty and to the student volunteering behavior. However, the study unveiled insignificant results of the relationship between institute awareness to the student loyalty and student volunteering behavior. Furthermore, the study proposes directions for further studies based on the rarer limitations.
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Fatmawati, Fatmawati, and Tarunasena Ma'moer. "DINAMIKA HUBUNGAN BILATERAL AUSTRALIAINDONESIA PADA MASA PERDANA MENTERI JOHN HOWARD TAHUN 1996-2007." FACTUM: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/factum.v7i2.15602.
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Prime Minister John Howard’s behaviour often considered conservative and “Anti- Asian”, no exception to Indonesia. John Howard viewed Indonesia did not have a strategic position for Australia’s national interests. This study answered the question on “how did the dynamic of Australia-Indonesia bilateral relations at Prime Minister John Howard’s era in 1996-2007?”. At his administration, John Howard issued numbers of policy towards Indonesia, which are the policy related to East Timor issue, counterterrorism cooperation, the policy of Pacific Solution, assistance for tsunami disaster in Aceh that happened in 2004. These policies apparently made impacts to Australia- Indonesia bilateral relations. During eleven years administration of Prime Minister John Howard, the bilateral relations between Australia-Indonesia has experienced its dynamics of ebb and flow. These dynamics primarily caused by policies that Prime Minister John Howard issued, which gave more benefit to the Australian Government and created imbalance relations between two countries. Therefore, it became more interesting to be discussed for further study regarding which policies that gave more benefit for the Australian Government and in a contrary gave less benefit to Indonesian Government, thus the position of two countries became an imbalance in bilateral relations context. This research is expected to be a reference for other researchers who will examine the bilateral relations between Australia-Indonesia in John Howard’s era because there are still many aspects between the two countries relations that have not been elaborated by the researcher, namely economic, education and socio-cultural.
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SAUNDERS, PETER. "Mutual Obligation, Participation and Popularity: Social Security Reform in Australia." Journal of Social Policy 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279402006499.
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Mutual obligation – the idea that those who receive assistance in times of need should be required to ‘give something back’ – is the driving force behind the current social security reform agenda in Australia. After more than a decade of intense reform, the Australian Government is considering a reform blueprint based on the recommendations of a Welfare Reform Reference Group. These include proposals to increase mutual obligation requirements on the unemployed and that sole parents and disability support pensioners should be required to demonstrate some form of social or economic participation in return for receiving income support. Results from a national survey of public opinion are used to explore community views on a range of mutual obligation requirements for the unemployed. The analysis indicates that there is support for mutual obligation for the young and long-term unemployed, but not for others, such as the older unemployed, those caring for young children and those with a disability. Most people also see mutual obligation as implying action on the part of government to reduce unemployment and ease the plight of the unemployed.
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Kraisoraphong, Keokam, and Brendan Howe. "Thailand’s Participation in un Peacekeeping Missions." Journal of International Peacekeeping 18, no. 3-4 (November 26, 2014): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1804007.
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This paper traces experiences of the Royal Thai Armed Forces in un peacekeeping missions. A relatively small troop contributor at first, Thailand later took a high-profile role in the un operations in East Timor during 1999–2005, and has continued since then to support several un peacekeeping forces. The paper first discusses the rationales, development, and current status of Thailand’s contributions. It then goes on to explore how, and to what extent, tasks and duties assigned under the un peacekeeping framework to the dispatched forces, as well as experiences and lessons the Thai armed forces gained from their participation in missions, contribute to the diffusion of norms and the development of functional competencies relating to peacekeeping and human security protection within the Thai military. The paper finds that while the dispatched forces received invaluable benefits in terms of prestige, economic rewards and learning experiences from the peacekeeping operations under the un command, including approaches to humanitarian assistance during the time of acute conflict and monitoring human rights violations, the human security norm underlying these functional competencies has yet to be fully internalized by the military as an institution. Yet, there are some areas, especially in civil-military affairs where competencies developed from the internal security operations and international peacekeeping operations can be mutually reinforcing.
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Smith, Robert. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Journal of Education and Training Studies 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v8i12.5094.
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Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 12Gianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyHassan Shaaban, Atomic energy Authority, EgyptIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAKun-Hsi Liao, Taiwan Shoufu University, TaiwanLucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMaría Jesús Fernández, University of Extremadura, SpainMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USAMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASaadet Korucu Kis, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeySamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptShu-wen Lin, Sojo University, JapanThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
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Kirkegaard, J. A., J. R. Hunt, T. M. McBeath, J. M. Lilley, A. Moore, K. Verburg, M. Robertson, et al. "Improving water productivity in the Australian Grains industry—a nationally coordinated approach." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 7 (2014): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14019.
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Improving the water-limited yield of dryland crops and farming systems has been an underpinning objective of research within the Australian grains industry since the concept was defined in the 1970s. Recent slowing in productivity growth has stimulated a search for new sources of improvement, but few previous research investments have been targeted on a national scale. In 2008, the Australian grains industry established the 5-year, AU$17.6 million, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) Initiative, which challenged growers and researchers to lift WUE of grain-based production systems by 10%. Sixteen regional grower research teams distributed across southern Australia (300–700 mm annual rainfall) proposed a range of agronomic management strategies to improve water-limited productivity. A coordinating project involving a team of agronomists, plant physiologists, soil scientists and system modellers was funded to provide consistent understanding and benchmarking of water-limited yield, experimental advice and assistance, integrating system science and modelling, and to play an integration and communication role. The 16 diverse regional project activities were organised into four themes related to the type of innovation pursued (integrating break-crops, managing summer fallows, managing in-season water-use, managing variable and constraining soils), and the important interactions between these at the farm-scale were explored and emphasised. At annual meetings, the teams compared the impacts of various management strategies across different regions, and the interactions from management combinations. Simulation studies provided predictions of both a priori outcomes that were tested experimentally and extrapolation of results across sites, seasons and up to the whole-farm scale. We demonstrated experimentally that potential exists to improve water productivity at paddock scale by levels well above the 10% target by better summer weed control (37–140%), inclusion of break crops (16–83%), earlier sowing of appropriate varieties (21–33%) and matching N supply to soil type (91% on deep sands). Capturing synergies from combinations of pre- and in-crop management could increase wheat yield at farm scale by 11–47%, and significant on-farm validation and adoption of some innovations has occurred during the Initiative. An ex post economic analysis of the Initiative estimated a benefit : cost ratio of 3.7 : 1, and an internal return on investment of 18.5%. We briefly review the structure and operation of the initiative and summarise some of the key strategies that emerged to improve WUE at paddock and farm-scale.
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Schurr, Carolin, and Elisabeth Militz. "The affective economy of transnational surrogacy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 8 (April 16, 2018): 1626–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18769652.
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The booming business of global surrogacy has come to a halt: one surrogacy hub after the other has started to regulate the incremental flow of intended parents to the Global South hoping to fulfill their desire for a baby with the help of a foreign surrogate laborer. Thailand and Nepal have banned surrogacy altogether; India and Mexico insist on the altruistic nature of their surrogacy arrangements. As the drive for altruistic surrogacy suggests, the baby holds an exceptional position in many societies: ideas about the ‘unique’ maternal bond create public unease about the commercialization of babies in surrogacy markets. Drawing on economic sociology and theories of affect, this paper argues that multiple processes of affective attachment, detachment and reattachment shape transnational surrogacy journeys. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Mexico’s surrogacy industry, the paper studies processes of commodification and decommodification in three instances of market-making: (1) the assignment of value and a price to reproductive laborers’ bodies on the basis of affective postcolonial geographies of beauty; (2) the affective/effective organization of the market encounter through contracts and communication rules and (3) the detachment of the final ‘good’ of the baby from the surrogate laborer. Transnational surrogacy arrangements, the paper concludes, are always forms of partial commodification – no matter whether they are framed as altruistic or commercial – because processes of affective/effective attachment and detachment are fundamental for delineating the intimate boundaries of families that come into life with the assistance of the globally operating surrogacy industry.
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Polonska-Kimunguyi, Eva, and Patrick Kimunguyi. "Communicating the European Union to Australia: The EU Information Strategy and Its Reception Down Under." Baltic Journal of European Studies 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2013-0024.
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AbstractThe European Union (EU) has become an important global actor in numerous areas. It is an economic giant, a key actor in global trade and trade negotiations. It leads talks on environment and it is the biggest provider of assistance to the developing world. It is the largest contributor to the United Nations budget and its peacekeeping missions are present in all major conflicts. With such prominent global presence, it would seem that when the EU speaks, the world listens. This paper assesses whether new public communicative spaces are emerging between the European Union and the rest of the world, including Australia. It first argues that supranational developments in the EU have encouraged an important shift in which international political communication is no longer equated with the boundaries of the nation state. It goes on to illustrate how the emergent Euro-polity is developing an important strategy for communication not only with its own Member States and their citizens but also with the world. To test how the new communication environment is received outside the EU, encounters of the Australian media with the European Union are analysed. The results tend to confirm the European Union’s existing fears of being largely unheard.
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Fargher, Ian. "Valuation and Service Trusts." Australasian Business, Accounting & Finance Journal 15, no. 2 (2021): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v15i2.6.
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The oblique nature of control over assets of a trust has always been challenging when personal asset distribution is at issue. This is no more apparent than in the context of Family Law. Complex organisational arrangements may make sense when considering tax planning or asset protection strategies, however, they may present difficulties for the application of sections 79 and 75 of the Family Law Act 1975. Specific difficulties are experienced when dissecting the economic structures of professionals, where the issues of professional and business intangible assets and tangible assets are held within service trust structures, intertwined with personal professional wages, incorporated professional entities, professional distributions and family distributions. Service trust arrangements have become popular for Australian professionals, such as, doctors, accountants, lawyers and engineers due to their tax effectiveness which passed the court’s test in the 1978 case FCT v Phillips. The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has issued ‘safe harbour’ rules for the operation of service trust arrangements which may provide some, in principle, assistance to Family Law decision making. This paper investigates the Family Law issues with respect to partner distributions where a service trust structure is in place. In this regard, the paper considers the business structuring concepts including the rights and roles of those associated with trusts, particularly the exercising of control. Secondly, the paper reviews the courts decisions with respect to looking through business trust structures with reference to the reasoning expressed in past judgements. Finally, the paper considers the Family Law distribution effects of tangible and intangible assets when professional services are encased within a Philips Trust type structure. This paper should be of interest to those involved, or potentially involved, in Family Law asset distribution. Specifically, legal and professional advisors, such as lawyers, accountants and valuation professionals. The paper’s objective is to assist in clarifying the complex issues of understanding business structures underpinning the transaction based cash flows between entities and their potentially intertwined equity.
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Schofield, Deborah J., Rupendra N. Shrestha, Richard Percival, Simon J. Kelly, Megan E. Passey, and Emily J. Callander. "Quantifying the effect of early retirement on the wealth of individuals with depression or other mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 198, no. 2 (February 2011): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081679.
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BackgroundIn addition to the health burden caused by mental illnesses, these conditions contribute to economic disadvantage because of their impact on labour force participation.AimsTo quantify the cost of lost savings and wealth to Australians aged 45–64 who retire from the labour force early because of depression or other mental illness.MethodCross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.ResultsPeople who are not part of the labour force because of depression or other mental illness have 78% (95% CI 92.2–37.1) and 93% (95% CI 98.4–70.5) less wealth accumulated respectively, compared with people of the same age, gender and education who are in the labour force with no chronic health condition. People who are out of the labour force as a result of depression or other mental illness are also more likely to have the wealth that they do have in cash assets, rather than higher-growth assets such as superannuation, home equity and other financial investments.ConclusionsThis lower accumulated wealth is likely to result in lower living standards for these individuals in the future. This will compound the impact of their condition on their health and quality of life, and put a large financial burden on the state as a result of the need to provide financial assistance for these individuals.
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Dinnen, Sinclair. "ramsi Ten Years On." Journal of International Peacekeeping 18, no. 3-4 (November 26, 2014): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1804005.
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The archipelagic nation of Solomon Islands in the sw Pacific experienced a debilitating internal conflict between 1998 and 2003. What began as an ethnic conflict evolved into a wider breakdown of law and order that led to the progressive collapse of government, closure of commercial enterprises and threat of national bankruptcy. In mid-2003 the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (ramsi) was mobilised and deployed under the auspices of the Pacific Islands Forum. Led and largely funded by the Australian government, ramsi sought to restore security and stability to the troubled nation through a combination of policing and law enforcement, institutional strengthening with central government agencies and measures aimed at reviving and growing the national economy. Ten years later and the mission is undergoing drawdown and the transition of its development programs into regular bilateral and multilateral aid programs. While ramsi has made a substantial contribution to the restoration of security and stability in the aftermath of conflict, many outstanding challenges remain. These include issues of political economy and how these are impacting on the quality of governance, service delivery and nation-building, as well as longstanding structural issues with the formal economy, set against prevailing patterns of population growth and internal migration. These challenges are examined in the context of Solomon Islands socio-economic characteristics and recent history with a view to assessing the country’s prospects for enduring stability in the post-ramsi era.
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Pierce, Jennifer, and Brian L. Delahaye. "Snakes and Ladders: Relocation and the Dual Career Couple." Journal of Management & Organization 2, no. 2 (March 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200006064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe dual career couple is a contemporary and growing phenomenon in western industrialised nations. There are numerous human resource management issues associated with the dual career couple. The focus of this paper is on just one of these issues — employee relocation. The research reported here found that dual career employees are concerned about their partner's career prospects and unless current career levels can be maintained for the trailing partner, organisations may experience relocation resistance. Of specific interest in the Australian context is that organisations with operations in country areas may be particularly affected, since country areas are less likely to offer desirable career opportunities for trailing partners. Further, organisational mobility expectations frequently force couples to decide which partner's career will take precedence. Historically it has been the male partner's career, even in dual career relationships. The findings from this study suggest that such decisions are becoming more complex, with couples placing greater emphasis on economic and quality of life concerns. Traditionally, organisations have relied on employee mobility as a career development strategy. However, greater emphasis on long-term human resource planning is advocated to facilitate career development strategies which are less reliant on geographical relocation. Further, if organisations are to retain their dual career employees, relocation assistance packages may need re-assessment to reflect the needs of those employees who are unwilling to sacrifice their partners' careers for the sake of their own.
44
Pierce, Jennifer, and Brian L. Delahaye. "Snakes and Ladders: Relocation and the Dual Career Couple." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2, no. 2 (March 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.1996.2.2.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe dual career couple is a contemporary and growing phenomenon in western industrialised nations. There are numerous human resource management issues associated with the dual career couple. The focus of this paper is on just one of these issues — employee relocation. The research reported here found that dual career employees are concerned about their partner's career prospects and unless current career levels can be maintained for the trailing partner, organisations may experience relocation resistance. Of specific interest in the Australian context is that organisations with operations in country areas may be particularly affected, since country areas are less likely to offer desirable career opportunities for trailing partners. Further, organisational mobility expectations frequently force couples to decide which partner's career will take precedence. Historically it has been the male partner's career, even in dual career relationships. The findings from this study suggest that such decisions are becoming more complex, with couples placing greater emphasis on economic and quality of life concerns. Traditionally, organisations have relied on employee mobility as a career development strategy. However, greater emphasis on long-term human resource planning is advocated to facilitate career development strategies which are less reliant on geographical relocation. Further, if organisations are to retain their dual career employees, relocation assistance packages may need re-assessment to reflect the needs of those employees who are unwilling to sacrifice their partners' careers for the sake of their own.
45
Pathy, N. Bhoo, C. W. Ng, C. H. Yip, N. S. Ibrahim Tamin, G. Lim, and R. Sullivan. "Policy Recommendations to Address Financial Toxicity Following Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: One Size Does Not Fit All." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 71s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.83000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Evidence to guide cancer policy-making is scarce in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Furthermore, most economic studies in cancer have been conducted from the provider's or payer's perspective. Aim: The ASEAN Costs in Oncology Study (ACTION) was conducted to provide the essential intelligence for national policymakers and official development assistance donors to construct economically sound national cancer control plans. Methods: In the ACTION study, 9513 newly diagnosed cancer patients from eight LMIC in southeast Asia were prospectively followed-up for adverse economic outcomes up to one year after diagnosis, through serial interviews and use of cost diaries. Results: Country-specific analysis of the ACTION Study data had revealed that just within a year of diagnosis, 1 in 2 Malaysian cancer survivors had reported spending more than 30% of their annual household income for cancer related expenditures (FC: financial catastrophe). Strikingly, Malaysia, albeit being a higher income nation, appeared to have fared worse than Thailand, where only 1 in 3 cancer survivors reported FC. Nonetheless, in contrast to finding of the regional study that medical payments (drugs, hospitalization, consultation), largely explained the incidence of FC following cancer, only half of the reported catastrophic expenditures in Malaysia were attributed to medical expenditures suggesting that nonmedical payments related to cancer (e.g., travel, accommodation, childcare) was an important contributor to adverse financial outcomes. Furthermore, marked institutional variations in levels of catastrophic expenditures were observed in Malaysia, even within the public healthcare system. Proportion of patients experiencing FC in the general government hospitals was only 33% compared with 65% in the public academic hospitals. Although late stage at cancer diagnosis largely explained the increased risk of adverse economic outcomes and death, patients from low-income households remained vulnerable even when diagnosed with earlier stages. Conclusion: The findings of the ACTION Study importantly highlight the need for LMIC to undertake their own studies examining the financial impact of cancer in the population, to take affirmative actions to reduce financial loss and premature deaths associated with cancer. From the Malaysian perspective, there appears to be an urgent need to improve social support for cancer in the country, be it through government-led programs such as disability insurance and short term credit or multisectoral collaboration with civil societies, private industries, and philanthropic organizations. Key policy changes should also include prioritization of programs which would allow early detection of cancer, re-examination of the national health financing system to ensure that public funds are channeled to those who need them the most, and addressing disparities in funding between public hospitals.
46
Virtue, J. G., P. D. Gee, N. M. Secomb, P. R. O'Leary, and B. P. Grear. "Facilitating feral camel removal in Australia through commercial use." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 2 (2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approximately 16.5% of feral camel removal under the Australian Feral Camel Management Project (AFCMP) was by commercial means, via mustering for transport to abattoir (9.3%) and pet-meating in the field (7.2%). The challenges of commercial use of feral camels as a removal method include: variable density, mobility and distribution of the feral camel population; achieving landholder collaboration; accessibility to remote areas by road; availability of yard infrastructure and trucking capacity; and distance to slaughter facilities and end-markets. However, the AFCMP recognised commercial use as important to some Aboriginal communities, bringing a range of economic and social benefits as well as environmental outcomes in terms of reduced feral camel density. To facilitate mustering offtake, a removal assistance scheme was developed, whereby a formal landholder agreement was entered into with various legal requirements, including animal welfare. The agreement incentivised removal of both sexes: payments were for cow camels received at abattoir, but with a concurrent requirement for approximately equal sexes to be delivered to abattoir in an annual contract period. Additional project costs included contract development and oversight, landholder engagement, training and animal welfare auditing. Pet-meating, by way of ground culling and in-field butchering for meat storage in mobile refrigeration units, was also supported by the AFCMP via measures to increase harvest efficiency such as satellite tracking, aerial spotting and improved road access. However, pet-meating ceased mid-project due to changed industry demands. Post-AFCMP, mustering operations continue to service market demand for camel meat. The camel industry is also looking to camel farming to ensure greater continuity and quality of supply than can be achieved through wild harvest.
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Sheetal, Sheetal, Rajiv Kumar, and Shashi Shashi. "Export competitiveness and concentration analysis of major sugar economies with special reference to India." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 5 (June 14, 2020): 687–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-07-2019-0096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the export competitiveness and concentration level of the 15 top sugar exporting countries over the last 18 years (2001–2018) with special reference to India.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper utilizes a review based approach and explains the structures of major sugar economies in context to protected and unprotected perspectives. Subsequently, empirical research was carried out to assess the competitiveness level of sugar using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) approach and Hirschman Herfindahl Index.FindingsThe study found structural changes in cane or beet sugar, and molasses over the time period between 2006 and 2015. Further, the findings confirmed that despite the stringent regulations in European Union, the United States of America, Guatemala, Mexico, Thailand, China, and India, the comparative advantage is high up to seven to nine sugar categories. Besides, despite the indulgent regulations in the Colombia, Brazil, and Canada, the comparative advantage is only consistent up to two to three sugar categories.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an overview of competitiveness patterns of 15 sugar exporting countries and further compare their comparative and concentration levels. In this context, in future, it would be interesting to study the macro-economic and firm and industry-specific factors which may strengthen the study findings.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that the sugar export of few countries (i.e. Mexico and Canada) is restricted up to their trade pacts and free trade zones which is restricting the competitiveness level and performance. Accordingly, such countries need to enlarge their business boundaries to foster their export competitiveness level. Rational subsidies and governmental assistance in diversification schemes in terms of products' range and sustainable processes can make India a consistent exporter in more categories.Originality/valueAlthough, the previous studies attempted to examine the sugar industry with particular country context, this study enlarge the body of knowledge through simultaneously examining the sugar export scenario of fifteen sugar exporting countries and providing a broad comparative view of their competitiveness and concentration levels.
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Dinesh, N., and G. C. Dandy. "A decision support system for municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wastewater reclamation and reuse is being viewed increasingly as a sustainable approach to integrated water resources management in many countries including Australia. The technical feasibility of reclamation and reuse has been demonstrated by a number of successful projects. The current state-of-the art of reclamation technologies can produce water of any desired quality (including potable quality). However, the increasing number of efficient treatment processes has made the selection of an optimum treatment train a difficult task for planners and decision-makers. A decision support system (DSS) can be particularly useful in wastewater reclamation and reuse as it can provide assistance in the evaluation and selection of treatment alternatives for a given reuse application before exhaustive simulation or pilot studies are conducted. This paper highlights the ongoing research on the development of a computer based DSS named MOSTWATAR(©) (which stands for Model for Optimum Selection of Technologies for WAstewater Treatment And Reuse). MOSTWATAR(©) has a database of the performance characteristics and costs of commonly used reclamation technologies and an optimization module based on genetic algorithms to generate and optimize treatment trains. It also contains detailed reuse guidelines applicable in the various Australian States. This model is intended to assist planners and decision-makers in the techno-economic assessment of reclamation technologies and aid in the selection of the best 5 treatment trains for a given end use and location, wastewater characteristics, and flow rate. This paper describes salient features of the MOSTWATAR(©) package and demonstrates its application to a case study. The results from user-generated options are presented and it is shown that this model can be a very useful tool for selecting the best treatment trains for wastewater reclamation and reuse.
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Baba, H., T. Watanabe, K. Miyata, and H. Matsumoto. "Area Business Continuity Management, A New Approach to Sustainable Local Economy." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The flooding of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand and the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, both of which occurred in 2011, reminded us of the risks of business disruption and further impacts on national, regional, and global economies through supply chains when disasters occur anywhere in the world. Considering the increasing economic losses attributable to disasters, the fourth session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (2013) aimed to promote resilience and foster new opportunities for public-private partnerships as part of an overall approach to improving risk governance. Furthermore, it highlighted that a growing world requires a new approach to development action, emphasizing the private sector&rquo;s role in managing disaster risks. One of the most significant private sector contributions to disaster risk management is the creation of the business continuity plan/planning (BCP) and business continuity management (BCM) systems, which were standardized as ISO22301 and disseminated in many business enterprises around the world. However, a BCP or BCM system has been neither formulated for nor implemented in most local enterprises in industry agglomerated areas, even though these are located in areas vulnerable to disasters. Moreover, in the case of large-scale disasters, a business enterprise’s capacity may be too limited to mitigate damages and maintain operations through its own efforts, even if BCPs are prepared. The main reason for this is the disruption of public infrastructure and services. In order to minimize the negative economic impacts or economic losses, particularly in the case of a large-scale disaster that disrupts the fundamental infrastructure in certain areas, it is important to conduct risk assessment on a proper scale and to prepare scenario-based disaster management plans for area-wide damage mitigation. In addition, it is essential to have integrated resource management and strategic recovery plans to support each enterprise&rquo;s BCM actions in coordination with public sector activities. Considering this backgrounds, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the ASEAN Coordination Center for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Center) launched the “Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Area Business Continuity Plan Formulation for Industrial Agglomerated Areas in the ASEAN Region” project in February 2013. The project introduced the new concept of the Area BCP, which, based on a risk assessment of the area, designates a framework and direction for coordinated damage mitigation measures and recovery actions by stakeholders, including individual enterprises, industrial area managers, local authorities, and infrastructure administrators, to allow business continuation of the industrial area as a whole. The project also established Area BCM as a cyclic process of risk assessment, sharing risk and impact information, determining a common strategy of risk management, developing the Area BCP, implementing and monitoring the planned actions to continuously improve the Area BCM system, and coordinating among stakeholders, in order to improve the capability for effective business continuity of the area. This paper aims to evaluate the progress of the project and to explore lessons from the applied process of Area BCM and its benefits.
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Rogozhina, N. "The Countries of Southeast Asia and the Chinese Initiative Belt and Road: a Model of Interaction." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 10 (2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-10-91-102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The choice of the countries of Southeast Asia as an example for analyzing the nature of interaction between developing countries and China within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is not accidental. The very logic of China’s stated goals of gaining dominant positions in the world economy and politics makes it inevitable that the countries of Southeast Asia located in geographic proximity to it are included in its long-term economic and political plans. The question, however, is to what extent do they meet the interests of the Southeast Asian countries themselves? The solution to this question is the main subject of research in the article. There are objective prerequisites for mutually beneficial cooperation. The Belt and Road projects are viewed by China as a tool for economic expansion into the region with the prospect of taking a leading position there, using the interest of Southeast Asian countries in the inflow of foreign investment to create modern infrastructure, the lack of which narrows their opportunities for further economic growth, maintaining competitiveness and developing integration ties within ASEAN Community. Expert assessments made by international organizations confirm the positive impact of OBOR projects on the economic development of Southeast Asian countries and although today it is too early to draw any conclusions, since the initiative is only at the initial stage of its implementation in the region, nevertheless the case studies presented in the article indicate a mismatch in the positions of the parties on a number of issues related to the financing of projects, their lack of transparency. non-compliance with environmental and social requirements. The support of the initiative on the part of the Southeast Asian countries does not automatically mean their acceptance of the terms of the agreements proposed by China, which are far from always consistent with their national interests and give rise to fears in society about its expansionist intentions. Therefore, in many Southeast Asian countries, participation in OBOR projects is turning into a subject of political discourse, which reflects the presence of disagreements in society and confrontation of interests regarding the advisability of rapprochement with China, given the associated economic and political risks. The countries of Southeast Asia can be conditionally divided into two groups according to their relation to the Belt and Road initiative. The first group includes Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Myanmar, whose position can be described as national pragmatism. While supporting the Chinese initiative in general, they nevertheless assess the possible risks of their participation in projects and seek to reduce them. The second group is represented by Laos and Cambodia, whose leadership unconditionally supports the Chinese initiative, guided by the interests of their own survival, which largely depends on Chinese assistance. Therefore, the prospect of falling into a debt trap and increasing economic dependence on the PRC and even the threat of losing sovereignty does not deter them from participating in highly controversial projects from a commercial point of view. Based on the analysis made, the author comes to the conclusion that, given the existing alignment of political forces in Southeast Asia, China can count on promoting its initiative in the region, which, however, does not automatically lead to an increase in its political influence and to the creation of a China-centric model of regional order. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-crisis world order: challenges and technologies, competition and cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (agreement № 075-15-2020-783).