Дисертації з теми "Ecologie parasite"
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Garnier, Romain. "Ecologie évolutive de la transmission maternelle d'anticorps." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0045/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn vertebrate species, acquired immune response represents a sophisticated protection mechanism against parasites that has the particularity of enabling mothers to transmit part of its effectors to their newborns. Yet, despite an increasing interest in maternal effects, ecological and evolutionary determinants of the transfer of maternal antibodies remain poorly studied. The analysis of a theoretical framework specially developed to include a transgenerational transfer of immunity show that the evolution of an ability to temporarily protect offspring depends on the characteristics of both the host and the parasite. In particular, increasing the life span of the host favors the evolution of acquired immune responses and increases the duration of the protection offered by these mechanisms. Accordingly, a transgenerational vaccination study in a long-lived seabird revealed a particularly long half-life of maternal antibodies. Social conditions also proved important in a mammal species as they can allow for the broadening of the repertoire covered by maternal antibodies. The transfer of maternal antibodies could also modify epidemiological dynamics and could bbe an interesting asset if vaccination was used as a conservation tool. Finally, this mechanism could be used to estimate the exposure of mother and thus infer the dispersal rate between different habitat patches
Fedna, Jimmy. "Prévalence du parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis en Haïti chez les rats et gastéropodes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD017.
Повний текст джерелаMy research examines the prevalence and distribution of the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis, also known as the rat lungworm, in Haiti. It is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans worldwide. This parasite has a complex life cycle involving definitive hosts (rats) and intermediate hosts (snails and slugs). I documented the parasite's ecology and persistence two decades after its initial discovery in the country. Three objectives were set: synthesizing knowledge on the spatial and ecological dimensions of A. cantonensis’ niche, determining its presence and distribution in Haiti among rat and gastropod populations using molecular and morphological analyses, and identifying genetic similarities between Haitian strains and those from other regions of the world. We targeted two contrasting ecological contexts: the Artibonite Valley (rural environment) and the urban area of Port-au-Prince. Sampling occurred during and at the end of the rainy season due to the potential influence of hydrological seasonality on parasite prevalence. A systematic review using the PRISMA method synthesized existing knowledge on the parasite's ecological niche, focusing on abiotic and biotic factors affecting its dynamics. Seventy rats were captured:23 Rattus norvegicus and 47 Rattus rattus. Under a binocular loupe, we recovered adult worms from only five rats (7%, 5/70), but molecular detection revealed a prevalence of A. cantonensis in rat lungs of 31.4% (22/70), with the parasite detected in four of the eight sites, including Port-au-Prince. Parasite prevalence was not significantly related to predictive variables such as age, season, sex, and rat species. Only one COX1 haplotype, genotype II-G, was identified in Haiti, suggesting a widespread distribution similar to other regions. The qPCR technique AcanR3990 identified two positive samples of gastropod species: Subulina octona in Port-au-Prince and a Veronicellidae slug in the Artibonite, indicating the presence of the parasite found in rats at these locations. This is the first study on A. cantonensis in Haiti addressing both definitive and intermediate hosts. Molecular diagnostics by PCR reveal a higher prevalence than morphological identification, promising for the systematic study of potential host species contamination. Results indicate that endemicity of the parasite may primarily be linked to two gastropod species: the land snail S. octona and Veronicellidae slugs, as well as R. rattus and R. norvegicus rats, highlighting significant health risks for local populations
Jossart, Quentin. "Ecologie moléculaire d'une relation hôte-parasite en contexte insulaire marin: crabes parasites des oursins spatangues en Mer des Caraïbes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209237.
Повний текст джерелаEn étudiant des populations le long de l’arc antillais et de la côte panaméenne, ce travail a mis en évidence que la structure génétique des populations du parasite D. primitivus diffère fortement de celle de son hôte M. ventricosa (microsatellites et cytochrome oxydase I). En effet, alors que les populations du parasite présentent une différenciation au sein de cette région, celles de l’hôte sont génétiquement homogènes. Ce contraste peut être expliqué par des caractères biologiques et écologiques (fécondité, habilité à la nage, disponibilité de l’habitat) et suggère des potentialités d’adaptation locale distinctes. La distance géographique semble être importante dans la structuration des populations du crabe mais la courantologie ou encore des évènements passés (glaciations) jouent également un rôle. A l’échelle d’une même île, les crabes ne présentent pas de différenciation entre des sites distincts. En outre, nous avons pu montrer que des crabes issus d’hôtes d’espèces différentes ne sont pas différenciés génétiquement ce qui pourrait être liée à la mobilité des crabes adultes. Par des analyses de paternité, nous avons souligné cette mobilité, démontrant que le mode de reproduction du crabe est de la polygamie mais aussi que des accouplements pouvaient avoir lieu entre crabes d’espèces hôtes distinctes.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
GIUDICI, CLAUDIO JUAN. "Correspondances entre les variabilites morphologique et ecologique chez le nematode haemonchus placei, parasite de bovins." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4027.
Повний текст джерелаBeltran, S. "Monogamie et changements de partenaires chez un parasite monogame, Schistosoma mansoni." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939328.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Garine-Wichatitsky Michel de. "Ecologie des interactions hôtes/vecteurs : analyse du système tiques/ongulés sauvages et domestiques en zone tropicale." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20114.
Повний текст джерелаSire, Christel. "Ecologie moléculaire des populations de Schistosama mansori parasite du rongeur Rattus rattus et du mollusque Biompharalaria glabrata en Guadeloupe : échelles spatiales et fonctionnelles." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0384.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, we investigated the genetic and dynamc organisation of a parasite/hosts/environment system, at two different spatial scales (regional vs local), and at two different functional scales (adult parasite populations within intermediate hosts)
Lion, Sébastien. "Structuration spatiale et évolution des populations." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066354.
Повний текст джерелаOver the last two decades, the role of spatial self-structuring as a template for evolution has been a focus of increasing attention. At the same time, the field of spatial ecology has seen radical new developments with the advent of new modelling techniques that explicitely take into account both spatial structure and individuality. The aim of this thesis is to try an understand the interplay between spatial ecological dynamics and evolution, through a theoretical approach that uses both simulations and analytical models. The thesis unfolds along three axes. In a first part, we review the theoretical progress that the latest-spatially explicit models have brought to our understanding of evolution, and argue that most results are best understood in the larger framework of multilevel and kin selection. Secondly, we develop an analytical model for the evolution of populations that are structured both in space and in discrete classes. A technique to derive the invasion condition of a rare mutant is proposed using correlation equations (aka pair approximation), and applied to a model of juvenile-adult interactions. This model is adapted to the study of the evolution of parental care and juvenile cannibalism, and allows us to extend previous studies of the evolution of cooperation in viscous populations to altruistic interactions between different classes of individuals. Using a methodology that does not resort to approximations of the spatial structure, we shed light on the selective pressures on parental care and cannibalism, and show we can recover Hamilton's rule and relatedness as emergent properties of the spatial ecological dynamics. We also show that the shape of trade-off curves is crucial in determining the evolutionary outcome in the spatial model, and that in age-structured populations, the evolutionary role of higher-order spatial moments can be very subtle, but quantitatively important. Finally, we study the evolution of dispersal in host-parasite interactions. Evolution of the manipulation of host dispersal behaviour by parasites is shown to depend both on the scale of dispersal and on th
GERARD, CLAUDIA. "Ecologie d'une interaction durable : schistosoma mansoni/biomphalaria glabrata. dynamique de l'infrapopulation parasite dans l'ecosysteme mollusque, interactions spatiales et energetiques." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066373.
Повний текст джерелаRoy, Lise. "Ecologie évolutive d'un genre d'acarien hématophage : approche phylogénétique des délimitations interspécifiques et caractérisation comparative des populations de cinq espèces du genre Dermanyssus (Acari : Mesostigmata)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005531.
Повний текст джерелаRouxel, Mélanie. "Ecologie et évolution de l’interaction Plasmopara viticola / Vitis spp. et évaluation des risques de contournement de la résistance de la vigne au mildiou." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22023/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the process of adaptation of parasite populations to their host-plant is a key issue in evolutionary ecology. It is also a major subject in applied research that has implications for crop protection. The oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, attacks the species of the Vitis genus. In a context where the main concern of the breeding programs is the durability of resistance, new knowledge about the ecology and evolution of the interaction between parasite and host is needed in order to evaluate the potential of downy mildew to overcome the resistance. In my thesis, I addressed the role of the host-plant as an evolutionary factor for downy mildew populations, by asking this question at two different evolutionary scales: (i) in the pathogen region of origin (North America) I assessed the degree of specialization of the parasite on its wild and cultivated host range (ii) in Europe, where downy mildew has been introduced recently, I studied the evolution of downy mildew populations subject to the selection pressure imposed by resistant grapevine varieties. To understand the host-plant specialization in this pathosystem, where several cryptic species have been identified, we performed cross inoculations between different host (Vitis spp.) and pathogen (P. viticola) species. Morphological and phenotypic data provide evidence of host-plant specialization in P. viticola populations: downy mildew species A and D are specialized on their host-plant, while the specialization process is ongoing for species B and C. Although no genetic differentiation has been shown inside species C, there are two distinct groups within species B. Isolates from the cultivated compartment are on average more aggressive than isolates from wild vines, indicating an adaptation of isolates growing on cultivated host-plants. Finally, a large-scale study of the distribution of downy mildew species on both their wild and cultivated host-plants resulted in the identification of a new cryptic species and confirmed the host-plant specialization. In Europe, our results show that the limited deployment of resistant varieties has led to changes in downy mildew populations: emergence of virulent isolates (i.e. breakdown of a major QTL for resistance), and increased aggressiveness on Vitis vinifera. In order to understand the mechanisms at the origin of specialization and resistance breakdown, we examined the parasite’s effector repertoire. Over one hundred effector candidates were identified using available data on the P. viticola genome. The polymorphism of 32 candidate genes revealed that three of them evolve under positive selection. Our results reveal the strong ability of downy mildew to adapt to its host plant and to plant resistance. They should be taken into account when devising strategies for the deployment of grapevine resistances in order to guarantee their durability
Boyer, Séverine. "Ecologie du copépode calanoïde Paracartia grani : implication dans le cycle de vie du parasite Marteilia refringens dans la lagune de Thau." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20147/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, the life cycle of Paracartia grani, a calanoid copepod belonging to the Acartiidae family was determined in Thau lagoon. Indeed, the copepod involvement in the life cycle of the parasite Marteilia refringens affecting the bivalves production is suspected. Mesozooplanktonic community was monitored twice a month over two years at a fixed station in the lagoon. Sampling has identified P. grani as the acartiid dominant species in summer. From April to January, the copepod is found in the water column while from February to early April it remains in the sediment as diapausing eggs. The analysis of the population structure (size spectrum, contribution of developmental stages and sex ratio) has revealed that there are 9 generations per year. The study of the influence of three environmental parameters (temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration) on the dynamic nesting species indicated that P. grani egg production was mainly governed by temperature and its rapid increase in spring could trigger the hatching of diapause eggs.The second objective of this study aimed to describe the dynamics of the parasite M. refringens in P. grani, and in the bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes decussatus in the Thau lagoon. Histological and in situ hybridization analysis allowed describing the different forms of the parasite in these three species. Research of M. refringens by PCR in P. grani copepodites revealed that the parasite DNA presence in the copepod from June to November, when new mussels appeared infected. Experiments to measure the retention efficiency of the different stages of development of P. grani by mussels have shown that all developmental stages could be involved in M. refringens life cycle, especially copepod eggs that have also shown positive results by PCR. Our study has allowed clarifying interaction between copepods, parasites and mussels but not elucidate completely M. refringens life cycle. Questions remain especially regarding way of transmission of parasite from copepods to mussels and the potential impact of the parasite on the copepod itself
Pereira, Felipe Bisaggio. "Estrutura da comunidade de helmintos associados ao lagarto Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) em uma área de afloramento rochoso no distrito de Toledos, Juiz de Fora, MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3017.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A comunidade parasitária do lagarto Tropidurus torquatus em uma área de campo rupestre localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil, foi estudada. Dos 110 hospedeiros analisados, 92 (83,6%) estavam infectados. Foram encontradas cinco espécies de helmintos, três de nematóide: Physaloptera lutzi, Parapharyngodon sp. e Oswaldofilaria sp., uma espécie de cestóide e um cistacanto não identificados. Apenas as espécies de nematóides apresentaram dados suficientes para analises ecológicas, sendo P. lutzi a espécie mais prevalente (67,3%) e com maior intensidade parasitária (4,86±4,85). Somente para Oswaldofilaria sp. foram encontradas diferenças significativas na prevalência e intensidade parasitária entre hospedeiros fêmeas e machos, esses últimos apresentando os maiores valores. A intensidade parasitária total e de P. lutzi também diferiram entre os sexos de hospedeiros com machos apresentando os maiores valores. O tamanho corporal do hospedeiro correlacionou-se de forma positiva com a intensidade de infecção de todas as espécies de nematóides. A sazonalidade local não influenciou de forma significativa a estrutura da comunidade componente de parasitos estudada. Aspectos do hospedeiro como dieta, dimorfismo sexual e comportamento (territorialiasmo e forrageamento) representaram importantes fatores na determinação da estrutura dessa comunidade de helmintos. De maneira geral, a comunidade parasitária apresentou baixa riqueza de espécies e um caráter não interativo, características comuns em comunidades parasitárias de répteis como hospedeiros.
The helminth community of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus from a rocky outcrop located in Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil, was studied. Ninety two of the one hundred ten individuals examined (83,6%) harbored helminths. A total of five helminth species were found, tree nematodes: Physaloptera lutzi, Parapharyngodon sp. and Oswaldofilaria sp., one cestode species and one acanthocaphalan cystacanth not identified. Only nematode species had sufficient data to perform ecological analysis with Physaloptera lutzi showing the highest prevalence (67,3%) and mean intensity (4,86±4,85). Prevalence and intensity of infection between males and females hosts differed only for Oswaldofilaria sp., with males showing the highest values. Total and P. lutzi intensity of infection were different among males and females hosts, with males showing the highest values. The host body size was positively related to intensity of infection for all nematode species. Local seasonality had no influence in the helminth community structure. Host diet, sexual dimorphism and behavior (territorialism, forage strategy) represented important factors in the structuring of this parasite community. In general lines, the helminth community was species poor and non interactive, representing a typical community structure found in herps hosts.
Boëte, Christophe. "Ecologie évolutive de la réponse de mélanisation chez le moustique Aedes aegypti et utilisation des moustiques génétiquement modifiés pour le contrôle du paludisme." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066028.
Повний текст джерелаCellier-Holzem, Elise. "Ecologie évolutive de la malaria aviaire : approches expérimentales des relations entre Plasmodium relictum et le canari domestique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665065.
Повний текст джерелаMonjot, Arthur. "Les eucaryotes unicellulaires dans les écosystèmes lacustres : de la diversité fonctionnelle aux interactions hôte-parasites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0109.
Повний текст джерелаOver the last few decades, our understanding of microbial diversity in the environment has advanced considerably, particularly with the advent of next-generation sequencing methods and -omics approaches. These methods have allowed for a more comprehensive evaluation of microbial diversity compared to traditional culture-based approaches. The most commonly used method for analyzing diversity is metabarcoding, which is based on the study of a unique and ubiquitous marker. This method has revealed a considerable and unsuspected diversity of microbial eukaryotes in aquatic environments. However, this approach is mainly descriptive and does not allow for the determination of the physiology or understanding of the role of these microorganisms in ecosystems. Other methods, such as metatranscriptomics, offer the possibility of studying their metabolic potential in relation to environmental parameters. Nevertheless, these high-throughput sequencing approaches lead to the production of a vast quantity of environmental sequences, most of which remain unknown. To better understand the diversity-function link within microbial eukaryotes and their role in lacustrine trophic networks, several approaches have been used.Metabarcoding coupled with a study of morpho-physio-phenotypic traits, metatranscriptomics and a methodology based on the isolation and characterization of host-parasite pairs (sequencing and in situ hybridization), were carried out on lake samples (Pavin, meromictic; Aydat, dimictic). These analyses revealed the high diversity of photo-osmo-phago-mixotrophs and parasites, while also highlighting the strong seasonal variations they undergo in the mixolimnion of lake Pavin. For example, periods of mixing benefiting photosynthetic host communities favor the development and dissemination of parasitic fungi, notably through the overexpression of genes involved in zoospore phototaxis and lipid metabolism. Among these parasitic fungi, Microsporidia are newly identified players in aquatic food webs. Indeed, we discovered a high prevalence (42.5%) host-parasite association between a potential new species of Microsporidia and a species of rotifer in lake Aydat. An important rare biosphere has also been highlighted in the anoxic monimolimnion of Lake Pavin, characterized by numerous saprotrophs overexpressing genes related to sulfur, nitrate, and organic matter degradation metabolisms. The characteristic metabolisms of organisms of different trophic modes have also been studied by constructing protein sequences similarity networks.While characterizing the majority of unknown sequences for the first time (>40%), we have revealed the genetic proximity of proteins between heterotrophic and photo-osmo-phago- mixotrophic microorganisms and between saprotrophs and parasites, as well as a relative functional redundancy of primary metabolisms. On the other hand, we have identified nearly one million proteins characteristic of a single functional group, which, for some, represent real prospects for studying the metabolic pathways involved in host-parasite interactions
Prior, Kimberley Faith. "The evolutionary ecology of circadian rhythms in malaria parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29562.
Повний текст джерелаO'Brien, Chris. "Appreciating the Importance of Parasites: Analyzing and Understanding the Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194212.
Повний текст джерелаLise, Roy. "Ecologie évolutive d'un genre d'acarien hématophage : approche phylogénétique des délimitations interspécifiques et caractérisation comparative des populations de cinq espèces du genre Dermanyssus (Acari : Mesostigmata)." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661327.
Повний текст джерелаVieira, Vivian Suane de Freitas. "Metazo?rios parasitos de Pimelodus spp. e estrutura da comunidade parasit?ria de Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) coletados em duas bacias hidrogr?ficas do Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1199.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
A list of metazoan species associated to Pimelodus Lac?p?de, 1803 genus has been prepared in this work. The total of 516 records in 10 host species of genus was compiled. Were included in the list of new geographic records monogeneans parasites of Pimelodus maculatus Lac?p?de, 1803 collected from Midwest, Southeast and South of Brazil. New morphological data of Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, parasite of P. maculatus collected in the Guandu river, in the State of Rio de Janeiro have been reported. This work noted that the position of the excretory pore and deirids of the specimens are at the level or posterior to the oesophagus- intestine junction in the most specimens and gubernaculums size is greater than in other previously studied of C. pinnai pinnai. Nematodes were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential interference contrast (DIC) and analyzes confirmed morphological details of the cephalic region and the caudal papillae that species. Comparative study of parasitic communities of P. maculatus was also performed. 50 specimens of the P. maculatus were collected from Guandu river, in the State of Rio de Janeiro and others 50 from Mogi-Gua?? river, State of S?o Paulo. In the samples from Guandu river were identified the following species: Ameloblastella paranaensis Fran?a, Isaac, Pavanelli & Takemoto, 2003 (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0); A. satoi Monteiro, Kritsky, Brasil-Sato, 2010 (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0); Demidospermus bidiverticulatum Suriano & Incorvaia, 1995 (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0); D. paravalenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; MI=14,77?5,04), D. uncusvalidus Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; MI=12,37?4,86), D. valenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=56%; MI=6,06?3,95) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 (P=64%; MI=3,28?4,87). In the rio Mogi-Gua?? the parasites identified were: Ameloblastella paranaensis (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0), Ameloblastella satoi (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0), Demidospermus paravalenciennesi (P=86%; MI=18,58?10,79), D. uncusvalidus (P=84%; MI=16,73?7,74), D. valenciennesi (P=52%; IM=6,84?4,55) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai (P= 44%; MI= 3,88?4,87). The females of P. maculatus had higher weight and length of males in both samples. The sex and o length of the hosts did not influence the level of parasitism. Positive correlation was observed between weight of host and abundance of D. uncusvalidus only in the sample of the Guandu river. Aggregate distribution was observed in all the prevalent species of metazoan parasites of P. maculatus in the two localities. D. paravalenciennesi showed a higher frequency of dominance and relative dominance in the samples of Guandu river and D. uncusvalidus in the samples of Mogi-Gua?? river. The results of the qualitative similarity index Jaccard (CJ) and quantitative Sorensen (CS) within the collected samples were homogenea. The Jaccard index indicated heterogeneity while Sorensen index indicated homogeneity between samples. The results demonstrated that the relationship between parasites and their hosts are constant even in different river basins.
Uma lista de esp?cies de metazo?rios associados ao g?nero Pimelodus Lac?p?de, 1803 foi elaborada neste trabalho. O total de 516 registros em 10 esp?cies de hospedeiros do g?nero foi compilado. Foram inclu?dos na lista novos registros de geogr?ficos de parasitos monogen?ticos de Pimelodus maculatus Lac?p?de, 1803 coletados nas regi?es Centro-oeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Novos dados morfol?gicos de Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, parasito de P. maculatus coletado no rio Guandu, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram relatados. Foi observado que a posi??o do poro excretor e deir?deos nos esp?cimes estudados s?o posteriores ao final do es?fago na maioria dos esp?cimes e o tamanho do gubern?culo ? maior do que em outros de C. pinnai pinnai estudados anteriormente. Os nematoides foram estudados utilizando microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e contraste interferencial de fase (DIC) e as an?lises confirmaram detalhes morfol?gicos da regi?o cef?lica e as papilas caudais dessa esp?cie. Estudo comparativo das comunidades parasit?rias de P. maculatus tamb?m foi realizado. Foram coletados 50 esp?cimes de P. maculatus no rio Guandu, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e outros 50 exemplares no rio Mogi-Gua??, no Estado de S?o Paulo, foram examinados para o estudo de sua parasitofauna, no per?odo de maio ? dezembro de 2012. No rio Guandu foram coletadas as seguintes esp?cies: Ameloblastella paranaensis Fran?a, Isaac, Pavanelli & Takemoto, 2003 (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0); A. satoi Monteiro, Kritsky, Brasil-Sato, 2010 (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0); Demidospermus bidiverticulatum Suriano & Incorvaia, 1995 (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0); D. paravalenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; IM=14,77?5,04), D. uncusvalidus Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; IM=12,37?4,86), D. valenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=56%; IM=6,06?3,95) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 (P=64%; IM=3,28?4,87). No rio Mogi-Gua?? os parasitos identificados foram: Ameloblastella paranaensis (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0), Ameloblastella satoi (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0), Demidospermus paravalenciennesi (P=86%; IM=18,58?10,79), D. uncusvalidus (P=84%; IM=16,73?7,74), D. valenciennesi (P=52%; IM=6,84?4,55) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai (P= 44; IM= 3,88?4,87). As f?meas de P. maculatus apresentaram peso e comprimento maiores que dos machos nas duas amostras. O sexo e o comprimento dos hospedeiros n?o influenciaram o n?vel de parasitismo. Correla??o positiva foi observada entre o peso e a abund?ncia de D. uncusvalidus somente na amostra do rio Guandu. Foi observada distribui??o agregada de todas as esp?cies mais prevalentes de metazo?rios parasitos de P. maculatus nas duas bacias de coleta. D. paravalenciennesi apresentou maior freq??ncia de domin?ncia e domin?ncia relativa no rio Guandu e D. uncusvalidus no rio Mogi-Gua??. Os resultados dos ?ndices de similaridade qualitativa de Jaccard (CJ) e quantitativa de Sorensen (CS) dentro das amostras coletadas demonstraram homogeneidade. O ?ndice Jaccard indicou heterogeneidade e o ?ndice de Sorensen indicou homogeneidade entre as amostras. Os resultados demonstram que o relacionamento entre parasitos e seus hospedeiros s?o constantes, mesmo em diferentes bacias hidrogr?ficas.
Bichet, Coraline. "Ecologie évolutive de la malaria aviaire : effets des caractéristiques de l'hôte et de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907956.
Повний текст джерелаSmar, Matt. "The ecology of Protocalliphora (Diptera:Calliphoridae) parasitism of two cavity nesting passerine birds in southwestern Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22806.
Повний текст джерелаThe relationship between the number of Protocalliphora larvae per nest and selected nesting variables was examine for the two species. The variables included hatching date of the host young, nest material volume, number of fledglings, and percent canopy cover above the nest box. In bluebirds, the number of larvae per nest was significantly correlated with nest material volume in 1989 and number of fledglings in 1990. In tree swallows, the number of larvae per nest was significantly correlated with hatching date and number of fledglings in 1989.
Information on reproduction in Protocalliphora was obtained. Gravid flies were captured in active nests up to the last end of the second week of the nestling period. P. sialia was determined to be at last bivoltine through mark, release, and recapture studies. It was determine that nulliparous P. sialia can complete egg development within 9 or 10 days after eclosion. The practicality of a new Protocalliphora trapping technique and a mark, release, and recapture technique was demonstrated. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Alba, Menendez Annia. "Comparative biology of susceptible and naturally- resistant Pseudosuccinea columella snails to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) infection in Cuba : ecological, molecular and phenotypical aspects." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0055/document.
Повний текст джерелаPseudosuccinea columella is one of the main intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, a cosmopolitan snail-borne trematode that affects humans, livestock and wildlife. The occurrence in Cuba of susceptible and naturally-resistant populations of this species to F. hepatica infection (host’s hemocytes encapsulate the parasite upon penetration) offers an interesting Mollusca - Trematoda model with applications on evolutionary biology, health sciences and vector control strategies. Thus, here we explored different ecological, molecular and phenotypical aspects of this system to better understand P. columella resistance. We determined that while susceptible and resistant snails share similar ecological requirements, resistant populations occurred only at low pH (6.5-6.5) and total hardness (TH; 4°-10°d) waters, with low snail species richness, suggesting a high ecological cost of resistance. Comparison of life history traits between susceptible and resistant snails, experimentally-reared at low or common pH/TH conditions, showed that resistant populations display higher tolerance to pH/TH variations and a lower reproductive potential. To gain more insights on the molecular bases of the features associated to resistance in P. columella, we performed comparative “omics” approaches on naïve snails from both phenotypes at whole snail level (RNAseq) and at the albumen gland level (2D-electrophoresis). This thesis presents the latest efforts to broadly characterize this model, which constitute building steps for the comprehension of P. columella resistance and for its application to tackle parasite transmission
Tavares, Luiz Eduardo Roland. "Composi??o e estrutura das comunidades de metazo?rios parasitos de Aspistor luniscutis e Genidens barbus (Osteichthyes: Ariidae) e Anchoa marinii e A. tricolor (Osteichthyes: Engraulididae) do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/821.
Повний текст джерелаCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Between March 2000 and February 2003 63 specimens of sea catfishes G. barbus and 69 specimens of A. luniscutis and Between October 2001 and July 2003, 103 specimens of anchovies A. tricolor and 95 specimens of A. marinii from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro (23?01'S, 43?38 - 44?19'W), Brazil, were necropsied to study their communities of metazoan parasites. Additionally, data obtained from 136 specimens of A. marinii and 115 specimens of E. anchoita, from the coastal zone of Mar del Plata (38?08 S, 57?32 W), Argentine, necropsied between November 1993 and February 1999, and were included in the present analysis. Ecological and community parasitic descriptors were calculated and its possible similarities statistically tested. Ergasilus youngi Tavares & Luque, 2005, parasitic on the gills of sea catfish, Aspistor luniscutis from the coastal zone of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is described and illustrated. Twenty three species of metazoan parasites were determined, 15 species parasitic in G. barbus and 17 parasitic in A. luniscutis, and 25 species of metazoan parasites from engraulidids were determined. Only P. merus was founded in all host species sample, although other four species were common to both Brazilian and Argentinean samples. The parasite infracommunities of A. luniscutis e G. barbus were characterized by ectoparasite dominance and scarcity of core species. The communities of metazoan parasites of the studied anchovies were characterized by dominance of larval endoparasites. Similarity between parasitic communities of sympatric species of ariid could be explained by habitat overlapping and similar biological behavior, that might expose to the same infective forms. Greater similarity observed between samples belonging to the same locality suggests the influence of ecological factors on the parasitic community structure of these species of engraulidids.
Entre mar?o de 2000 e fevereiro de 2003 foram necropsiados 63 esp?cimes de bagres marinhos G. barbus e 69 esp?cimes de A. luniscutis e entre outubro de 2001 e julho de 2004 foram necropsiados 103 esp?cimes de manjubas de A. tricolor e 95 esp?cimes de A. marinii do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro (23?01'S, 43?38 - 44?19'W), Brasil, para o estudo de suas comunidades de metazo?rios parasitos. Adicionalmente, foram inclu?dos na an?lise dados obtidos de 136 esp?cimes de A. marinii e 115 esp?cimes de E. anchoita, provenientes do litoral de Mar del Plata (38?08 S, 57?32 W), Argentina, necropsiados entre novembro de 1993 e fevereiro de 1999. Para cada amostra de hospedeiro foram calculados os descritores ecol?gicos e comunit?rios do parasitismo e suas poss?veis similaridades testadas estatisticamente. Ergasilus youngi Tavares & Luque, 2005, parasita das br?nquias do bagre marinho Aspistor luniscutis do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, ? descrita e ilustrada. Foram determinadas 23 esp?cies de metazo?rios parasitos de ar?deos, 15 esp?cies parasitando G. barbus e 17 em A. luniscutis, sendo que nove esp?cies foram comuns ?s duas esp?cies de hospedeiros e determinadas 25 esp?cies de metazo?rios parasitos de engraulid?deos, sendo que apenas a esp?cie P. merus foi encontrado nas quatro amostras de hospedeiros, embora outras quatro esp?cies tenham ocorrido em comum entre amostras brasileiras e argentinas. As infracomunidades parasit?rias de A. luniscutis e G. barbus foram caracterizadas pela domin?ncia de ectoparasitos e escassez de esp?cies centrais. As comunidades parasit?rias das manjubas estudadas foram caracterizadas pela domin?ncia de endoparasitos em est?gio larvar. A similaridade entre as comunidades parasit?rias das esp?cies simp?tricas de ar?deos pode ser explicada em fun??o compartilhamento de h?bitat e similaridade de comportamento biol?gico, que podem favorecer a exposi??o ?s mesmas formas infectantes. A maior similaridade observada entre as amostras da mesma localidade sugere a influ?ncia de fatores ecol?gicos sobre a estrutura das comunidades parasit?rias destas esp?cies de engraulid?deos.
STRONA, GIOVANNI. "Investingating the relationships between fish parasites and their hosts: an ecological approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/10932.
Повний текст джерелаLello, Joanne. "The community ecology of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) parasites." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25418.
Повний текст джерелаTompkins, Daniel Michael. "Evolutionary ecology of bird-parasite associations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5f5ea19-b799-490b-b738-99ff52df25c1.
Повний текст джерелаSIM?ES, Raquel de Oliveira. "Biodiversidade dos helmintos parasitos dos roedores simp?tricos Oligoryzomys nigripes e Akodon spp. (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae), na Mata Atl?ntica." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/785.
Повний текст джерелаCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The objective of this study was to describe the composition and structure of helminthes community comparing the helminthes community component and infracommunity from sympatric rodents Akodon spp. and Oligoryzomys nigripes in the Atlantic Forest and in the different fragments size and the Parque Nacional da Serra dos ?rg?os (PARNA SO reserve. One hundred and fifty-six specimens of Akodon spp. and fifty-seven of Oligoryzomys nigripes were collected in Teres?polis, being 38 rodents in 4 small fragments (30 Akodon spp. and 8 O. nigripes), 58 in 4 medium fragments (43 Akodon spp. and 15 O. nigripes), 87 in 4 large fragments (67 Akodon spp. and 20 O. nigripes) and 30 in PARNASO (16 Akodon spp. e 14 O. nigripes). The stydy was done for two years (2004- 2005). The animals were necropsied and the viscera and cavities examined to helminthes parasites. A total of eighteen helminthes species were collected: 15 from Akodon spp. and12 from O. nigripes. Nine species were common for both rodents. The rodent Akodon spp. showed a higher richness than O. nigripes. A low degree of similarity between the helminthes infracommunities from Akodon spp. and O. nigripes was detected, although these rodents species live in coexistence. The terrestrial and arboreal behavior of O. nigripes and terrestrial behavior of Akodon spp. would determine this difference between both parasite communities. Probably, with the share of soil resource boths species of rodents could disseminate or be infected by the parasite. The prevalence of Stilestrongylus aculeata and mean abundance for Stilestrongylus eta increased, respectively, in small, medium and large fragments in Akodon spp.. The rodent O. nigripes showed high prevalence rate and mean abundance values for Stilestongylus lanfrediae (over 86%) regardless of the fragments size studied. The difference in mean richness for Akodon spp. and O. nigripes in different fragments size and PARNASO were not significant. There were variations between the helminthes infracommunities for the two species of rodent in different fragments size and PARNASO. These differences may also be related to the environmental changes that can produce both positive and negative effects on the transmission of helminthes parasites.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a composi??o e estrutura da comunidade helm?ntica comparando a comunidade componente e a infracomunidade dos helmintos das popula??es de roedores simp?tricos Akodon spp. e Oligoryzomys nigripes na Mata Atl?ntica e os diferentes tamanhos de fragmentos e a reserva do Parque Nacional da Serra dos ?rg?os (PARNASO). Cento e cinq?enta e seis esp?cimes de Akodon spp. e cinq?enta e sete de O. nigripes foram coletados no munic?pio de Teres?polis, sendo 38 roedores em 4 fragmentos pequenos (30 Akodon spp. e 8 O. nigripes), 58 em 4 fragmentos m?dios (43 Akodon sp p. e 15 O. nigripes), 87 em 4 fragmentos grandes (67 Akodon spp. e 20 O. nigripes) e 30 no PARNASO (16 Akodon spp. e 14 O. nigripes). O estudo foi feito durante dois anos (2004- 2005). Os animais foram necropsiados tendo suas v?sceras e cavidades tor?cica e abdominal examinadas para recupera??o de helmintos parasitos. Um total de 18 esp?cies de helmintos foram coletados: 15 em Akodon spp. e 12 em O. nigripes. Nove esp?cies foram comuns aos dois roedores. O roedor Akodon spp. teve uma maior riqueza parasit?ria do que O. nigripes. Um baixo grau de similaridade entre as infracomunidades de helmintos de Akodon spp. e O. nigripes foi observado, embora sejam esp?cies que coexistam. O comportamento terrestre e arbor?cola de O. nigripes e apenas terrestre de Akodon spp. poderia determinar essa diferen?a entre as duas comunidades de helmintos parasitos. Provavelmente, ao compartilharem os recursos do solo, ambas as esp?cies podem se infectar ou disseminar o parasita. A preval?ncia para Stilestrongylus aculeata e a abund?ncia m?dia para S. eta aumentaram, respectivamente, nos fragmentos pequenos, m?dios e grandes no Akodon spp.. O roedor O. nigripes apresentou elevada taxa de preval?ncia e valores de abund?ncia m?dia para S. lanfrediae (acima de 86%) independente do tamanho dos fragmentos estudados. A diferen?a na riqueza m?dia de Akodon spp. e O. nigripes nos diferentes tamanhos de fragmentos e no PARNASO n?o foi significativa. Houve varia??es entre as infracomunidades de helmintos das duas esp?cies de roedores nos diferentes tamanhos de fragmentos e PARNASO, podendo essas diferen?as estarem relacionadas com as altera??es ambientais causadas pela fragmenta??o que podem produzir tanto efeitos positivos como negativos na transmiss?o dos helmintos parasitos.
Leung, Tommy Ling Fong, and n/a. "Interspecific and intraspecific interactions of trematodes parasitising the New Zealand cockle Austrovenus stutchburyi." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090105.160127.
Повний текст джерелаGregory, Richard D. "Host-parasite interactions : population and community ecology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276582.
Повний текст джерелаCastel, Magda. "Ecologie et évolution théoriques des parasites de plantes annuelles." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARC112.
Повний текст джерелаAgricultural ecosystems under seasonality are characterized by periodic host plant absence, which may impact parasite evolution. Sustainable crop protection must incorporate parasite evolution. This requires a long-term epidemiological perspective, which is hardly amenable to experimentation, and makes multi-annual plant epidemic models particularly relevant. We consider a family of such models, termed semi-discrete models, which correspond to distinct life cycles, depending on the parasite reproduction mode (sexual or asexual) and its primary infection mode (airborne or soilborne, i. E. With or without negative density-dependence, respectively). Under the assumption of a trade-off between in-season multiplication and season-to-season survival, an adaptive dynamics approach shows that temporal niche differentiation can lead airborne parasites to diversify and coexist. These results assume a strictly asexual parasite life cycle, which does not correspond to all plant parasites. Some parasites produce survival forms by self-incompatible sexual reproduction. When sexual reproduction is mandatory, the need to find a mate induces positive density dependence at low density (demographic Allee effects). Under the assumption of a trade-off between in-season asexual multiplication and resource allocation to sexual survival forms, we show that evolution may lead to the coexistence of a strictly sexual morph with a cyclic parthenogenetic morph. Our findings provide a novel hypothesis (positive density dependance and Allee effects) for the frequent coexistence of sexual and asexual plant parasites
Gerphagnon, Mélanie. "Ecologie des chytrides parasites de la cyanobactérie Anabaena macrospora." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22385/document.
Повний текст джерелаFace to both the important anthropogenic input in nutrients and the global change, numerous authors predict that the cyanobacterial blooms will increase in relative abundance in aquatic ecosystems. An exhaustive knowledge of the driving biotic factors of the cyanobacterial dynamic is essential. In lakes, the most common fungal parasites of phytoplankton belong to the phylum Chytridyomycota (i.e. chytrids). The aim of the thesis was to investigate the fungal parasitism associated to the cyanobacterial blooms, particularly the ecology of chytrids parasitizing the filamentous cyanobacterial species Anabaena macrospora, in Lake Aydat (France). During two successive years (2010-2011), investigations on (i) the chytrid cycle of life of two chytrid species parasitizing A. macrospora, (ii) the impact of the fungal parasitism on the cyanobacterial bloom dynamic and (iii) driving factors of the host-parasite pairings dynamics have been led during two spatio-temporal surveys using high resolution sampling strategies. Moreover (iv) a double staining method based on a combination of CFW and SYTOX green for counting, identifying, and investigating the fecundity of phytoplankton fungal parasites and the putative relationships established between hosts and their fungal parasites has been developed. Results underlined the coexistence of two chytrids, Rhizosiphon crassum and R. akinetum, which have similar life cycles but differed in their infective regimes depending on the cellular niches offered by their host. R. crassum infected both vegetative cells and akinetes while R. akinetum infected only akinetes. A reconstruction of the developmental stages suggested that the life cycle of R.crassum was completed in about 3 days. By infecting akinetes, R. akinetum could reduce or modify the genetic structure of the cyanobacterial bloom of the following year. Furthermore, chytrids may reduce the length of filaments of Anabaena macrospora significantly by ‘‘mechanistic fragmentation’’ following infection. All these results suggest that chytrid parasitism is one of the driving factors involved in the decline of cyanobacterial blooms, by direct mortality of parasitized cells and indirectly by the mechanistic fragmentation, which could weaken the resistance of A. macrospora to grazing. Moreover, we underlined that the production of zoospore depends on the nutritional host quantity (host size) and quality (host phytoplanktonic group, host metabolism...). The decrease of the cyanobacterial active biomass, mechanistic fragmentation, and production of zoospores which exhibit a high nutritional quality for the zooplankton, established the chytrids as a real link between the inedible filamentous cyanobacteria, considered as trophic dead ends, and the higher trophic levels. Overall, we consider that the acquisition of our data places the chytrid parasitism as an important driving factor of the phytoplankton dynamic, allowing the inclusion of fungi and their main function (parasitism) in the energy and matter fluxes in the pelagic ecosystems
Chandler, Mark. "The evolutionary ecology of parasitism in relation to recombination in a neotropical community of anurans." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39826.
Повний текст джерелаMahmud, Muayad Ahmed. "Evolutionary ecology of virulence in a fish parasite." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32945/.
Повний текст джерелаLynsdale, Carly L. "Evolutionary ecology of parasite infection in Asian elephants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19058/.
Повний текст джерелаAMARANTE, Cristina Fernandes do. "Fatores associados ? agrega??o, ? abund?ncia e ? domin?ncia parasit?ria em peixes coletados no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: um enfoque ecoepidemiol?gico." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1325.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T18:25:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristina Fernandes do Amarante.pdf: 776756 bytes, checksum: 758e9e88a96110176bd0dff013f8c6ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03
CNPq
This study aimed to assess the factors involved in the determination of ecological events, including parasite aggregation, abundance, and dominance, via multivariate analysis using fish as a biological model. For this purpose, we used a database consisting of 3,746 fish specimens collected on the coast of Rio de Janeiro and from the Guandu river and evaluated their characteristics, habits, and associated parasites. Parasites were grouped into seven higher taxa: Nematoda, Monogenea, Cestoda, Trematoda, Acanthocephala, Hirudinea, and Crustacea. Aggregation was calculated using the dispersion index; abundance was determined by calculating the total number of parasites; and dominance was calculated using the Berger-Parker index. Data normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test; group comparisons, when necessary, were performed using the Wilcoxon test or the Kruskal-Wallis test. Adjustments were made in the linear regression models for parasite aggregation in each parasite taxon evaluated and in the mixed-effect models to evaluate abundance and dominance using Poisson and Gaussian distributions, respectively. The factors inherent to the hosts, including sex, size, habitats, formation of schools, eating habits, and aquatic environments, were tested as potential explanatory variables of these ecological events. In addition, the parasite development stage and parasite taxa were included as explanatory variables in the analysis of the determinants of aggregation and dominance, respectively. In the mixed-effects model, the ecological events were considered an outcome variable, and fish species were considered a random variable. Regression coefficients were calculated in the study of aggregation, and parasite dominance and prevalence rate were estimated in the study of abundance. Significance was determined using confidence intervals (CI) and the Wald test. All calculations were performed using R software with a confidence interval of 95%. Statistically significant associations between levels of parasite aggregation and explanatory variables (factors inherent to the host and the percentage of larvae) varied according to the parasite taxon. The coefficient of determination was lower than 60% in all of the adjusted models, indicating that factors other than those analyzed may be associated with the level of parasite aggregation. Parasite abundance was significantly associated with sex, formation of schools, habitats, and host length, which were considered risk factors. The numerical dominance of parasites was significantly associated with host length and the taxa Nematoda, Trematoda, Monogenea, Hirudinea, and Crustacea. In addition, our results indicate that the mixed-effects model was more parsimonious compared with the classical model, underscoring the importance of choosing a statistical model that takes into consideration the nature of the data to avoid spurious results, especially when autocorrelations data were not considered. In general, our results point to the need for developing studies with more comprehensive databases and larger samples of parasite species, in which data on the life cycles of fish species and parasite taxa can be analyzed more thoroughly.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar fatores envolvidos na determina??o dos eventos ecol?gicos: agrega??o, a abund?ncia e a domin?ncia parasit?ria por meio de an?lises multivariadas, utilizando peixes como modelo biol?gico. Para tanto, foi utilizado um banco de dados composto por 3.746 esp?cimes de peixes, suas caracter?sticas e h?bitos e seus parasitos, provenientes do litoral do Rio de Janeiro e do Rio Guandu. Os parasitos foram agrupados em sete t?xons superiores: Nematoda, Monogenea, Cestoda, Trematoda, Acanthocephala, Hirud?nea e Crust?cea. A agrega??o foi calculada atrav?s do ?ndice de dispers?o; a abund?ncia pela quantidade total de parasitas computados; e a domin?ncia atrav?s do ?ndice de Berger Parker. A normalidade dos dados foi testada pelo teste de Shapiro Wilk e a compara??o de grupos, quando necess?ria, foi realizada pelo teste de Wilcoxon ou Kruskal-Wallis. Foram ajustados modelos de regress?o linear para a agrega??o parasit?ria para cada t?xon parasit?rio estudado e modelos de efeitos mistos para an?lise dos determinantes da abund?ncia e da domin?ncia, com distribui??o de Poisson e gaussiana, respectivamente. Os fatores inerentes aos hospedeiros tais como: sexo, tamanho, habitat, forma??o de cardumes, h?bitos alimentares e ambiente aqu?tico foram testados como poss?veis vari?veis explicativas desses eventos ecol?gicos. Al?m desses, na an?lise dos determinantes da agrega??o e domin?ncia foram inclu?dos os fatores est?dio de desenvolvimento do parasita e os t?xons parasit?rios como vari?veis explicativas, respectivamente. Os eventos ecol?gicos foram considerados vari?veis desfecho e nos modelos mistos a esp?cie de peixe como vari?vel aleat?ria. Foram calculados os coeficientes de regress?o nos estudos de agrega??o e domin?ncia parasit?ria e estimada a raz?o de preval?ncia no estudo de abund?ncia. A signific?ncia foi verificada por meio o intervalo de confian?a (IC) e do teste de Wald. Todos os c?lculos foram realizados utilizando o software R, com um IC de 95%. As associa??es estatisticamente significativas entre o n?vel de agrega??o parasit?ria e as vari?veis explicativas (fatores inerentes ao hospedeiro e propor??o de larvas) variaram conforme o t?xon parasit?rio. O coeficiente de determina??o foi inferior a 60%, em todos os modelos ajustados, indicando que outros, fatores al?m dos analisados, devam estar relacionados ao grau de agrega??o parasit?ria. A abund?ncia parasit?ria mostrou-se associada significativamente ?s vari?veis: sexo, forma??o de cardumes, habitat e comprimento do hospedeiro, que se comportaram como poss?veis fatores de risco. A domin?ncia num?rica de parasitos esteve associada significativamente ao comprimento do hospedeiro e aos t?xons Nematoda, Trematoda, Monogenea, Hirud?nea e Crust?cea. Os resultados mostraram que os modelos mistos foram mais parcimoniosos em rela??o aos modelos cl?ssicos, refor?ando a import?ncia da escolha de um modelo estat?stico mais adequado ? natureza dos dados, evitando-se resultados esp?rios, principalmente quando n?o se leva em conta a autocorrela??o dos dados..De um modo geral, os resultados deste estudo sinalizam para a necessidade de pesquisas com bancos de dados mais abrangentes e com amostras maiores de esp?cies de parasitos, nos quais as caracter?sticas do ciclo biol?gico das esp?cies de peixes e dos t?xons parasit?rios possam ser mais detalhados nas an?lises.
Jackson, M. H. "The epidemiology and ecology of toxoplasmosis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381379.
Повний текст джерелаKeeling, Matthew James. "The ecology and evolution of spatial host-parasite systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/30/.
Повний текст джерелаCumming, Graeme. "The evolutionary ecology of African ticks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301894.
Повний текст джерелаFinidori-Logli, Valérie. "Ecologie chimique de Diglyphus isaea Walker (Hyménoptera Eulophidae)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11009.
Повний текст джерелаCarter, Lucy Mary. "Evolutionary ecology of reproductive strategies in malaria parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9910.
Повний текст джерелаLo, Cédrik. "Ecologie des parasites de poissons récifaux de l'île de Moorea (Polynésie française)." Pacifique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PACI0026.
Повний текст джерелаAguirre, Macedo Maria Leopoldina. "Study on helminth and other parasite communities of oysters." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337758.
Повний текст джерелаPollitt, Laura C. "Evolutionary ecology of transmission strategies in protozoan parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5771.
Повний текст джерелаStenger, Brianna Leigh Schneck. "Ecology of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Wild Rodent Populations." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27278.
Повний текст джерелаUSDA (project number: 2008-35102-19260)
NIH (project numbers: 2P20 RR015566, 1R15A1067284-01A1)
Roux, Olivier. "Système de reconnaissance hôte-parasitoïde et différenciation de populations au sein de l'interaction spécifique Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) et Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera, braconidae)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30100.
Повний текст джерелаBrassicaceae crops make up a key vegetable production on a world scale. One of its most destructive pests is the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), whose caterpillars attack leaves and can cause almost 90% crop loss. Resistance toward many insecticides leads to more difficulties for DBM management. Among the numerous alternative control techniques, parasitoids are the most used, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov, 1912) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) being a prime example. However, numerous attempts to introduce it into various areas of the world have often yielded mediocre results. Explanations of these results often involve notions of competition, maladaptation to the new environment and the use of non-selective insecticides. However, the host recognition capacities of the parasitoid have been never questioned. This was the object of the present study. .
Berry, Katharine M. "The role of parasites in the invasion ecology of Harmonia axyridis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27336.
Повний текст джерелаArnal, Céline. "Ecologie comportementale de la symbiose poisson nettoyeur/poisson client : motivations et honnêteté." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0379.
Повний текст джерелаCleaning symbiosis involves a cleaner fish, which cleams the body surface of client fishes. The relationship generally occurs in the cleaner territory : the cleaning station, Cleaner fishes remove ectoparasites, scales and mucus when inspecting their client fishes. Despite years of studies, the net fitness of the two protagonists are still not fully understood. It is, thus, difficult to define clearly this relationship. In this study, two main questions have been asked : 1)what factors influence cleaning interactions? and 2) is the cleaner fish behaviour honest? Four species of cleaner fishes from three localities were studied : Symphodus melanocercus (Banyuls-sur- Mer), Labroides dimidiatus (Lizard Isaland et Moorea), and the gobies Elacatinus evelynae and Elacatinus prochilos (Barbados). Field work experiments were conducted through behavioural observations, and direct measurement of cleaners' diet, clients' ectoparasitim and mucus characteristics. Each species was studied separately, and a comparative analysis was performed. Honesty appears to be an important strategy in cleaning symbioses. The most parasited clients visit cleaning stations higher rates, and ectoparasites are the major items removed by cleaner fishes. Cleaner fish honesty shows variations, depending on ectoparasites density, sex, and the localisation of the cleaning station. Finally, cleaning specialisation appears to be species-specific, which more specialised cleaners in tropical than in temperate waters
Wright, M. Elizabeth. "Life history ecology of the cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum in copepod and fish hosts." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36854.
Повний текст джерелаTseng, Michelle. "Virulence ecology and evolution in a mosquito and its protozoan parasite." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3204298.
Повний текст джерелаSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0059. Adviser: Curtis Lively. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 21, 2007)."