Дисертації з теми "Ecological impacts of climate change and ecological adaptation"
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Serrat, Capdevila Aleix. "Climate Change Impacts in Hydrology: Quantification and Societal Adaptation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194702.
Повний текст джерелаEisenhauer, Emily. "Socio-ecological Vulnerability to Climate Change in South Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1269.
Повний текст джерелаClement, Viviane. "From Adaptation to Transformation| A Resilience Perspective on Organizational Responses to Ecological Adversity." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10619173.
Повний текст джерелаHow do firms adapt to the intensity of adverse conditions stemming from the natural environment (ecological adversity intensity)? In this dissertation, I develop several lines of inquiry in exploring this question. First, I seek to contribute to generally diverging perspectives on organizational adaptation, which view firms as either inherently constrained or capable of continuous adaptation to fit their environment. To do this, I examine the conditions under which firms are more likely to adapt to different levels of ecological adversity intensity. My findings from a 13-year longitudinal analysis of western U.S. ski resorts’ adaptation to temperature conditions indicate that firms facing moderate ecological adversity intensity appear more likely to engage in higher adaptation levels while those experiencing low and high ecological adversity intensity show a tendency for lower adaptation levels. That is, both diverging perspectives may predict part of firms’ adaptive responses to ecological adversity intensity. My findings also suggest firms may encounter limits to adaptation when facing increasing ecological adversity intensity. I also undertake a post hoc exploration of firm and institutional environment level factors that may moderate the relationship between ecological adversity intensity and firm adaptation. Second, I use an interdisciplinary approach that draws from resilience theory in socioecology to suggest that the existing conceptualization of organizational resilience could be expanded to include transformative change, which may allow firms to mitigate the operational impacts of reaching adaptation limits. Third, I also consider the resilience implications of the interdependency between firms and the broader ecosystems in which they operate. I conclude with potential avenues for future research in this area.
Bey, Eugenia S. "Cultivating Social-ecological Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation Through Green Infrastructure in Long Beach, California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839820.
Повний текст джерелаThe geographic variability and uneven distribution of climate-related impacts in urban environments pose serious challenges to achieving social-ecological resilience and environmental justice. There are no generalizable solutions for the anticipated climate challenges facing urban environments, which vary from increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events to flooding, heat waves, droughts, and worsening air quality. Densely populated coastal urban areas, like Long Beach, California, are further exposed to sea level rise, coastal erosion, and saltwater intrusion. In response, ecosystem-based adaptation plans have gained traction in the scientific literature and policy circles as viable, multi-beneficial strategies to build urban resilience to withstand anticipated climate threats. Green infrastructure (GI) offers flexible, place-based solutions and as such, has surged in popularity as an urban planning strategy, reflecting the focus of planners and policy-makers to design and implement location-specific interventions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this empirical case study analyzes the spatial distribution and projected intensity of climate-related impacts in Long Beach, California. Integrating geospatial data, surveys, and key informant interviews, this study explores citizen perception of climate risk and desirability of GI solutions to increase adaptive capacity across two high risk communities with unevenly distributed biophysical and social vulnerabilities.
Hagerman, Shannon Marie. "Adapting conservation policy to the impacts of climate change : an integrated examination of ecological and social dimensions of change." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7903.
Повний текст джерелаBerglund, Åsa. "Coping with climate change : Social ecological resilience to climate change for smallholding farms in Portland, Jamaica. Analysing the implementation of the pineapple variety MD2." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-77250.
Повний текст джерелаNtombela, Khululiwe Primrose. "Assessing livestock farmers' ecological knowledge and adaptation to climate and environmental change in arid regions of South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5864.
Повний текст джерелаChallenges that come with micro-level climate change projections have resulted in the inadequacy of our understanding of local climatic changes and the appropriate adaptation strategies. This has resulted in indigenous communities relying on their local knowledge for local scale climatic changes and suitable adaptation practices. Coping and adapting to climate and its impacts has been occurring since human existence, however, humans are still vulnerable due to the rapid rate that the climate is changing. Adaptation is vital for all global people, especially living in semi-arid or arid regions, as it provides a solution for food shortages and livelihoods. Global livestock farmers have, over many years, accumulated local ecological knowledge; and it is from this knowledge that decisions are made. Local knowledge related to adaptation to climate change and variability has largely not been recognized or documented and it is only lately that it is deemed to be critical in formulating policies to mitigate the harsh effects of the rapidly changing climate. This study was focused on the local knowledge and understanding of climate change and variability (and associated environmental change) with its impacts and adaptation of communal livestock farmers in the semi-arid regions of the Northern Cape Province in South Africa. Two communal areas namely, Leliefontein and Steinkopf in Northern Cape served as study sites. A case study approach, with triangulation of focus group discussions and semistructured interviews, was used. The focus group discussions were aimed at drawing up a seasonal calendar, where 10 livestock farmers from Leliefontein and 14 from Steinkopf participated. The focus group discussions were followed by indepth semi-structured interviews, where a total of 20 livestock farmers from each study site were interviewed. While various other studies highlight the lack of awareness and understanding of climate change among livestock communal farmers, this study found that 90 % and 55 % of the interviewed Steinkopf and Leliefontein livestock farmers had an understanding of the phenomenon. The interviewed farmers referred to the phenomenon of climate change as "seasonal shifts" that they have been experiencing. Findings of the study indicated that intergeneration knowledge transfer and media sources contributed as sources of climate and farming management information. The basic, but wealthy knowledge of farmers informs them of potential climate change impacts and possible adaptation strategies. The study also revealed that even though adaptation measures are being carried out by livestock farmers I n the two study sites, that there are general barriers which include financial, biophysical environment, social and institutional barriers that inhibit effective adaptation. Recommendations from this study were that policies should consider and protect local knowledge; and that the factors that affect successful adaptation strategies of communal livestock farmers should be considered when adaptation programmes are planned.
Ermold, Friederike. "Climate change time machine : Adaptation to 30 years of warming in the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-271575.
Повний текст джерелаSova, Chase. "Decision making, agenda setting, and preference shaping in Ghana's agricultural climate change adaptation policy regime : a political ecological perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:388f23c9-f05e-4b9c-8728-cb6e99466ea6.
Повний текст джерелаBlomberg, Charlotte, and Sandra Blomvall. "A Comparison of the Ecological, Social and Economic Sustainability in Adaptation Strategies in The Maldives and Kiribati." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23848.
Повний текст джерелаSea levels are rising around the globe due to thermal expansion and melting glaciers caused by global warming. The Maldives and Kiribati are some of the lowest lying atoll countries in the world, which makes them particularly vulnerable to the projected sea level rise. This thesis investigates what differences exist in the adaptation strategies for the Maldives and Kiribati, in terms of ecological, social and economic sustainability, through a qualitative content analysis of their respective National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) documents. The NAPAs identify and describe the most urgent adaptation projects in each country. By identifying whether the adaptation projects are sustainable, more effective strategies can be implemented in the future. The results show that several adaptation projects fail to incorporate all three aspects of sustainable development, which may have contributed to unsustainable implementation of climate change adaptation measures, whereas some projects also show that it is possible to successfully integrate all aspects of sustainable development.
Hansson, Robin, and Elena Mokeeva. "Securing resilience to climate change impacts in coastal communities through an environmental justice perspective: A case study of Mangunharjo, Semarang, Indonesia." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175468.
Повний текст джерелаKossak, Ute [Verfasser]. "How climate change translates into ecological change : Impacts of warming and desalination on prey properties and predator-prey interactions in the Baltic Sea / Ute Kossak." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019733659/34.
Повний текст джерелаThorpe, Natasha. "Contributions of Inuit ecological knowledge to understanding the impacts of climate change on the Bathurst caribou herd in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0014/MQ61505.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSievers, Katja. "Predicting ecological impacts of climate change and species introductions on a temperate chalk stream in Southern Britain : a dynamic food web model approach." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2011. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/19386/.
Повний текст джерелаWozniak-Brown, Joanna. "Understanding Community Character as a Socio-ecological Framework to Enhance Local-scale Adaptation: An Interdisciplinary Case Study from Rural Northwest Connecticut." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1494437621424657.
Повний текст джерелаMosher, Danika. "Past, Current, and Future Potential Distributions of Red Spruce and Fraser Fir Forests in the Southern Appalachians: Interpreting Possible Impacts of Climate Change." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3851.
Повний текст джерелаStarzec, Patrycja. "Resilient landscape, resilient culture. The role of geographical place-based perspective in sustainable adaptation of urban areas to the climate change." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1073.
Повний текст джерелаMiller, Courtney A. "Understanding the impacts of current and future environmental variation on central African amphibian biodiversity." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2542.
Повний текст джерелаLilja, Ellen. "The role of nature-based solutions for ecological urban planning in the sustainable city : How is the Green Space Factor system presented in urban planning strategies?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43614.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Laura M. "Private sector adaptive capacity to climate change impacts in the food system : food security implications for South Africa and Brazil." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ade3811d-584e-4c5d-a734-4a22312eccf7.
Повний текст джерела- 1. To move beyond an understanding of food security that is dependent solely on agricultural production, and therefore the reliance of future food security predictions on production data based on climate model inputs.
- 2. To ground the theoretical aspects of complex adaptive systems with empirical data from multi-level case studies.
- 3. To investigate the potential role of the private sector in food system futures.
- 4. To analyse food system dynamics across scales and levels.
Zouras, Jamie. "Collaborative decision-making in green and blue infrastructure projects : The case of Copenhagen’s Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278533.
Повний текст джерелаBuisson, Laetitia. "Poissons des rivières françaises et changement climatique : impacts sur la distribution des espèces et incertitudes des projections." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT005A/document.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change and its impact on biodiversity are receiving increasing attention from scientists and people managing natural ecosystems. Indeed, climate has a major influence on the biology and ecology of fauna and flora, from physiology to distribution. Climate change may thus have major consequences on species and assemblages. Among freshwater ecosystems, stream fish have no physiological ability to regulate their body temperature and they have to cope with streams' hydrological variability and strong anthropogenic pressures. Yet their response to current and future climate change has been poorly studied. The aim of this PhD thesis is to assess the potential impact of climate change on fish in French streams, mainly on species distribution and assemblages' structure. Data provided by the Office National de l'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques combined with a modelling approach based on species' ecological niche (i.e., distribution models) have been used. Several sources of uncertainty have also been considered in an ensemble modeling framework in order to account for the variability between projected impacts and to provide reliable estimates of such impact. First, we have identified the main environmental factors that determine the spatial distribution of fish species within river networks. Overall, it appears that a combination of both climatic variables and variables describing the local habitat and its position within the river network is important to explain the current species distribution. Moreover, each fish species responded differently to the environmental factors. Second, we have highlighted that the choice of the statistical method used to model the fish ecological niche is crucial given that the current and future patterns of distribution predicted by different statistical methods vary significantly. The statistical method appears to be the main source of uncertainty, resulting in more variability in projections than the global circulation models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The variability between predictions from several statistical methods can be taken into account by a consensus approach. Consensual predictions based on the computation of the average of the whole predictions ensemble have achieved accurate predictions of the current species distribution and assemblages' composition. We have therefore selected this approach to assess the potential impacts of climate change on fish in French streams at the end of the 21st century with the highest degree of confidence. We have found that most fish species could be sensitive to the future climate modifications. Only a few cold-water species (i.e., brown trout, bullhead) could restrict their distribution to the most upstream parts of river networks. On the contrary, cool- and warm-water fish species could colonize many newly suitable habitats and expand strongly their distribution. These changes of species distribution could lead to a rearrangement of fish assemblages both at the taxonomic and functional levels. An increase in local diversity together with an increase in regional similarity (i.e., homogenization) are therefore expected. All these results bring new insights for the understanding of stream fish species distribution and expected consequences of climate change. This work thus provides biodiversity managers and conservationists with a basis to take efficient preservation measures. In addition, methodological developments considered in this PhD thesis are an important contribution to the improvements of projections by statistical models of species distribution and to the quantification of their uncertainty
Toros, Tulu. "Restorative urban design: toward a design method for mitigating human impacts on the natural environment through urban re/development." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18809.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Environmental Design & Planning Program
Lee R. Skabelund
The Restorative Urban Design (RUD) calls for a new urban design and planning approach targeting environmentally responsible re/development of urbanized areas through ecologically responsive impact mitigations. If implemented in a systematic manner, such re/developments can help move urban areas toward the successful restoration of the natural environment of which they are an inseparable part. The RUD model advocates more rigorous assessment and mitigation of urban impacts by carefully evaluating the environmental performance of urban re/developments within five primary dimensions: Atmosphere (emissions, pollutants, ozone depletion); Hydrosphere (stormwater, domestic water, wastewater); Lithosphere (land use, land cover, food and wastes); Ecology (habitat resilience, biodiversity, population and resources); and Energy (renewability, reduction and efficiency, transportation). The model relies on a scenario-comparison process in order to evaluate and optimize the performance of urban re/development projections through four critical scenarios, which are respectively: 1) Natural Baseline (NBASE); 2) Historic Progression (HPROG); 3) Trajectory Forecast (TFORE); and 4) Restorative Projection (RPROJ). The RUD Case Study illustrates how the principles and strategies of Restorative Urban Design can be applied specifically to a typical (densely developed) urban area, namely River North District in Chicago Metropolitan Area. The case study focuses exclusively on mitigation of a single critical human impact on the natural environment: Anthropogenic CO₂ Emissions. The case study focuses on the design assumptions by which the restorative urban re/development scenarios might exceed beyond the full mitigation of emissions into the global remediation by 2040. The restorative projections illustrate that only a certain portion of emissions can be effectively mitigated onsite (5 to 55%), and that the remainder of projected emissions (45 to 95%) need to be mitigated offsite in order to achieve the necessary sequestration and storage. The restorative research suggests that the mitigation of major human impacts on the natural environment – not only CO₂ emissions but also other major impacts – are likely to require significant urban transformations. Moving beyond the strategies of preservation and/or conservation, the restorative approach asserts that comprehensive environmental restoration is achievable if urban impacts are adequately estimated and then entirely mitigated onsite as well as offsite through a systematic process of urban re/development.
Longépée, Esméralda. "La résilience des systèmes socio-écologiques des États atolliens dans le contexte du changement climatique : le cas de Kiribati (Pacifique Sud)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe threats to states entirely composed of atolls from climate change and associated sea-level rise have been widely publicized. The Republic of Kiribati is an atoll country situated in Pacific Ocean settled by 100,000 inhabitants. Over the past centuries, the atoll communities of Kiribati have developed natural resource management systems that have enabled their survival. Over the past decades, globalization has caused rapid changes, especially regarding lifestyles and relationships of atoll communities to their natural environment. Given the highly integrated nature of the societal system and the ecosystem in the atolls, this thesis addresses the question of the future of atoll countries in the context of climate change by studying the resilience of their social-ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. This thesis postulated that an assessment of social-ecological resilience of climate- and marine-related disturbances required a preliminary analysis of their general resilience. Such assessments are based on conceptual models made from interviews and surveys and from the analysis of aerial imagery. The future of atoll countries is discussed considering different scenario: adaptation, transformation, migration and collapse
Préau, Clémentine. "Identification et modélisation des habitats d'espèces à enjeux et évolution de leur aire de répartition avec le changement climatique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2316.
Повний текст джерелаThe current decline in biodiversity is the result of global changes, including climate change. It contributes to amplifying the effects of global changes on ecosystems. Although the assessment of the impacts of climate change on species distribution is widely studied at large scales, assessment at the national, regional or even departmental scale is less systematic although it is the most appropriate to be accounted in conservation strategies. In order to assess the vulnerability of emblematic wetland species to climate change, we have constructed distribution scenarios using approaches based on ecological niche modelling. We focused on amphibians, ectothermic organisms with both aquatic and terrestrial stages and low dispersal abilities, which are highly threatened by human activities and climate change. We assessed the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of the yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata, the great crested newt Triturus cristatus, the tree frog Hyla arborea, and the Mediterranean tree frog Hyla meridionalis, by estimating the interactions between species presence and environmental factors and by assessing the effects of climate and land use changes on the potential distribution of species at the regional scale. Then, we focused on the effects of climate change scenarios on the potential distribution and connectivity of suitable habitats of the marbled newt Triturus marmoratus and of T. cristatus across the administrative department of Vienne. Finally, we assessed the ability of T. marmoratus to follow a potential shift of suitable areas due to climate change, in a context of land use change at the national scale. We then studied another emblematic species of wetlands and rivers, the white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. We modelled the impact of climate change on its distribution by explicitly accounting for the distribution of an invasive and competitive species, the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Projections for future conditions were forecasted using global warming scenarios based on radiative forcing trajectories called RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways).Our studies have shown that climate change is likely to lead to a contraction of ranges and a potential shift in the suitable areas for most of the studied species, with a more or less significant impact depending on the considered species and the climate change scenario. In addition, we have shown the importance of land use in mitigating the effects of climate change on species distribution. Following consideration of uncertainties and limitations, the results of the presented work may be useful for the conservation, management and assessment of the studied species, and may be replicated for other wetland species
Thorn, Jessica Paula Rose. "Ecosystem services, biodiversity and human wellbeing along climatic gradients in smallholder agro-ecosystems in the Terai Plains of Nepal and northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3319dafc-5b0c-436a-b653-a623fc3e8de4.
Повний текст джерелаNg, Kee-Shyong, and 黃繼雄. "Ecological Adaptation and Design Strategies of Er-Chong Floodway under Climate Change Impact." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55697957789464505890.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
99
By the impact of climate change and the regional urbanization, quality of life in urban increasingly highly valued by the people, the city''s planner and designer must make the best adjustment programs in order to have sufficient preparation to minimize the city''s disaster. Global warming cause the rising of sea levels, heavy rain in urban lead to make many low-lying coastal areas will face submerged crisis, in addition, the city''s storm also caused to flooding of low lying urban areas. Therefore, wetlands is an important green infrastructure that to be a buffer zone to reduce the flooded crisis. This thesis investigated the I-Chong flood diversion in Taipei (re)turned to wetland, through the wetlands conservation and restoration, wise use and creation of wetlands ecological corridor by using the new trend concept of planning and design. Finally, community-based natural resource management, a new management model, combined with local self-evidence for operation and maintenance and management, through community participation in the public and resource users to promote the sustainable development of wetlands, the concrete practice of the wetland environment and social function.
(9833060), Rolf Schlagloth. "Modelling koala road-kill blackspots." Thesis, 2018. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Modelling_koala_road-kill_blackspots/13446800.
Повний текст джерелаBennett, Nathan. "The capacity to adapt, conserve and thrive?: marine protected area communities and social-ecological change in coastal Thailand." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4728.
Повний текст джерелаGraduate
0366
njbennet@uvic.ca
(9808472), Maryanne Jones. "A comparative study of water quality, benthic flora and phytoplankton in four newly developing estuaries of the Australian-Pacific zone and implications for 'sea-change' development." Thesis, 2012. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/A_comparative_study_of_water_quality_benthic_flora_and_phytoplankton_in_four_newly_developing_estuaries_of_the_Australian-Pacific_zone_and_implications_for_sea-change_development/13459223.
Повний текст джерела(9905028), Rebecca E. Nixon. "Adaptation to social-ecological change on the Swat and Kabul Rivers of Pakistan." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаLettrari, Heike. "The mountain pine beetle, climate change, and scientists : understanding science's responses to rapid ecological change in Western Canada." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/8213.
Повний текст джерелаGraduate
Pandey, Rishikesh. "Human ecological implications of climate change in the Himalaya: investigating opportunities for adaptation in the Kaligandaki Basin, Nepal." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/99095.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2016.
Stanley, Conrad B. J. "The Ecological Economics of Resilience: Designing a Safe-Fail Civilization." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5896.
Повний текст джерелаSchulze, Jule. "Social-ecological modeling for policy analysis in transformative land systems - Supporting evaluation and communication for sustainability." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2016111615159.
Повний текст джерелаJohnstone, James. "Vulnerability of a Run-of-River Irrigation Scheme to Extreme Hydrological Conditions - A Case Study of the Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme, Malawi." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3008.
Повний текст джерелаKELLER, EMILY MARGARET. "RE-CONSTRUCTING CLIMATE CHANGE: DISCOURSES OF THE EMERGING MOVEMENT FOR CLIMATE JUSTICE." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7586.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Master, Environmental Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-10-11 09:45:29.397
(9179345), Youmi Oh. "QUANTIFYING CARBON FLUXES AND ISOTOPIC SIGNATURE CHANGES ACROSS GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a collection of three research articles to quantify carbon fluxes and isotopic signature changes across global terrestrial ecosystems. Chapter 2, the first article of this thesis, focuses on the importance of an under-estimated methane soil sink for contemporary and future methane budgets in the pan-Arctic region. Methane emissions from organic-rich soils in the Arctic have been extensively studied due to their potential to increase the atmospheric methane burden as permafrost thaws. However, this methane source might have been overestimated without considering high affinity methanotrophs (HAM, methane oxidizing bacteria) recently identified in Arctic mineral soils. From this study, we find that HAM dynamics double the upland methane sink (~5.5 TgCH4yr-1) north of 50°N in simulations from 2000 to 2016 by integrating the dynamics of HAM and methanogens into a biogeochemistry model that includes permafrost soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. The increase is equivalent to at least half of the difference in net methane emissions estimated between process-based models and observation-based inversions, and the revised estimates better match site-level and regional observations. The new model projects double wetland methane emissions between 2017-2100 due to more accessible permafrost carbon. However, most of the increase in wetland emissions is offset by a concordant increase in the upland sink, leading to only an 18% increase in net methane emission (from 29 to 35 TgCH4yr-1). The projected net methane emissions may decrease further due to different physiological responses between HAM and methanogens in response to increasing temperature. This article was published in Nature Climate Change in March 2020.
In Chapter 3, the second article of this thesis, I develop and validate the first biogeochemistry model to simulate carbon isotopic signatures (δ13C) of methane emitted from global wetlands, and examined the importance of the wetland carbon isotope map for studying the global methane cycle. I incorporated a carbon isotope-enabled module into an extant biogeochemistry model to mechanistically simulate the spatial and temporal variability of global wetland δ13C-CH4. The new model explicitly considers isotopic fractionation during methane production, oxidation, and transport processes. I estimate a mean global wetland δ13C-CH4 of -60.78‰ with its seasonal and inter-annual variability. I find that the new model matches field chamber observations 35% better in terms of root mean square estimates compared to an empirical static wetland δ13C-CH4 map. The model also reasonably reproduces the regional heterogeneity of wetland δ13C-CH4 in Alaska, consistent with vertical profiles of δ13C-CH4 from NOAA aircraft measurements. Furthermore, I show that the latitudinal gradient of atmospheric δ13C-CH4 simulated by a chemical transport model using the new wetland δ13C-CH4 map reproduces the observed latitudinal gradient based on NOAA/INSTAAR global flask-air measurements. I believe this study is the first process-based biogeochemistry model to map the global distribution of wetland δ13C-CH4, which will significantly help atmospheric chemistry transport models partition global methane emissions. This article is in preparation for submission to Nature Geoscience.
Chapter 4 of this thesis, the third article, investigates the importance of leaf carbon allocation for seasonal leaf carbon isotopic signature changes and water use efficiency in temperate forests. Temperate deciduous trees remobilize stored carbon early in the growing season to produce new leaves and xylem vessels. The use of remobilized carbon for building leaf tissue dampens the link between environmental stomatal response and inferred intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) using leaf carbon isotopic signatures (δ13C). So far, few studies consider carbon allocation processes in interpreting leaf δ13C signals. To understand effects of carbon allocation on δ13C and iWUE estimates, we analyzed and modeled the seasonal leaf δ13C of four temperate deciduous species (Acer saccharum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Sassafras albidum, and Quercus alba) and compared the iWUE estimates from different methods, species, and drought conditions. At the start of the growing season, leaf δ13C values were more enriched, due to remobilized carbon during leaf-out. The bias towards enriched leaf δ13C values explains the higher iWUE from leaf isotopic methods compared with iWUE from leaf gas exchange measurements. I further showed that the discrepancy of iWUE estimates between methods may be species-specific and drought sensitive. The use of δ13C of plant tissues as a proxy for stomatal response to environmental processes, through iWUE, is complicated due to carbon allocation and care must be taken when interpreting estimates to avoid proxy bias. This article is in review for publication in New Phytologist.
Ligtermoet, Emma. "People, place and practice on the margins in a changing climate: Sustaining freshwater customary harvesting in coastal floodplain country of the Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory of Australia." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/164233.
Повний текст джерелаFerreira, Filipe André Sousa. "Sobreviver ao antropoceno: análise crítica às estratégias europeia e portuguesa de adaptação às alterações climáticas." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22250.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change prevails, and the functioning of the Earth System is now so altered that literature suggests that we are living in the Anthropocene. In this recent geological epoch, anthropogenic action is the predominant driver of unprecedented global change, where formerly stable ecological conditions are no longer attainable as a result of the continuous transformation of the Earth System. This nonanalogue state invites reflection and change. We argue that for the planet to continue to sustain (human and non-human) life, it falls on societies to adapt to this complex planetary scenario. To this end, we find that current institutional conduct and antiquated ontological and paradigmatic concepts must be rethought, and the management and planning of adaptation actions, prioritized. The developed research emphasizes that an adaptive and ecologically reflexive approach, allows the establishment of a connection with the unpredictable Earth System fluctuations, while regarding the non-human value and the interactions between the social-ecological systems. Following the premises of this approach, we seek to scrutinize the effectiveness of current adaptation practices, conducting a critical analysis of both the European Union and Portugal's climate change adaptation strategies. We focus primarily on their flexibility and their dynamic responsiveness to assess their performance and positioning under the Anthropocene panorama. Accordingly, we conclude that the strategies inappropriately reflect the current planetary reality, merely providing a static view of the ecological issues while perpetuating a businessas-usual path in an epoch that demands a rupture from the status quo.
Neill, Andrew R. (Andrew Rhodes). "Overstory density and disturbance impacts on the resilience of coniferous forests of western Oregon." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28768.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 2012