Статті в журналах: "Eclaircie"

1

SCHOBER, R. "Eclaircies par le haut et arbres d'avenir." Revue Forestière Française, no. 5 (1991): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/26223.

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2

LANIER, L. "Eclaircies par le haut et arbres d'avenir." Revue Forestière Française, no. 4 (1992): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/26338.

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3

-DAMELINCOURT, J. J. "Eclairage et décharges électriques." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 07 (1999): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.1999.077.

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4

-MOUSTAFIADÈS, Jeannine. "Eclairage sur l'approche par objets." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 01 (1995): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.1995.009.

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5

-SERGENT, Jean-François. "Eclairage de l'hippodrome des Flandres." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 03 (2005): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2005.029.

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6

Mosser, Sophie. "Eclairage et sécurité en ville : l'état des savoirs." Déviance et Société 31, no. 1 (2007): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ds.311.0077.

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7

Petrescu, Ioana Maria. "L’auberge Hagi Tudorache ou l’auberge Gabroveni? Elements pour eclaircir une histoire confuse." CaieteARA. Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, no. 4 (2013): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47950/caieteara.2013.4.15.

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"Au 84-86 rue Lipscani, en plein centre historique de Bucarest, se trouve l’ancien Passage Commercial (Pasajul Comercial), un bâtiment qui doit sa célébrité a un certain nombre d’articles des années 1970, présentant le résultat des fouilles archéologiques qui y avaient été effectuées, il y a quatre décennies. Bien que ces études nous offrent d’importantes informations par rapport aux différentes étapes liées a la construction du bâtiment, ils se trompent tous en l’identifiant avec l’auberge Gabroveni (Hanul Gabroveni). L’attentive analyse de la documentation (archives et sources littéraires) infirme tout rapport entre l’auberge Gabroveni élevée, au début du XIXe siecle, par des commerçants bulgares originaires de Gabrovo a l’endroit ou se trouvait l’ancienne résidence princiere et cet édifice du type passage, connu aussi comme étant l’auberge Hagi Tudorache (Hanul Hagi Tudorache), qui relie les rues Lipscani et Gabroveni. "

8

Clavien, Yann. "Eclairage sur la situation de l'ailante glanduleux en Valais." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 169, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0110.

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9

Duclos, Diane. "Eclairage – Des cafés littéraires de Bagdad aux cafés virtuels." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 27-2 (December 1, 2008): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.171.

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10

Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. "Un Nouveau guide eclaire pour le Congo." Canadian Journal of African Studies 33, no. 2/3 (1999): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486284.

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11

DOUSSOT (R.). "Les Eclaircies font-elles grossir les arbres plus vite ? Le cas du Hêtre." Revue Forestière Française, no. 4 (1997): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/5638.

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12

Contreras, Victor, Niccolo Marini, Lora Fanda, Gaetano Manzo, Yazan Mualla, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Michael Schumacher, and Davide Calvaresi. "A DEXiRE for Extracting Propositional Rules from Neural Networks via Binarization." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244171.

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Background: Despite the advancement in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence, the explanations provided by model-agnostic predictors still call for improvements (i.e., lack of accurate descriptions of predictors’ behaviors). Contribution: We present a tool for Deep Explanations and Rule Extraction (DEXiRE) to approximate rules for Deep Learning models with any number of hidden layers. Methodology: DEXiRE proposes the binarization of neural networks to induce Boolean functions in the hidden layers, generating as many intermediate rule sets. A rule set is inducted between the first hidden layer and the input layer. Finally, the complete rule set is obtained using inverse substitution on intermediate rule sets and first-layer rules. Statistical tests and satisfiability algorithms reduce the final rule set’s size and complexity (filtering redundant, inconsistent, and non-frequent rules). DEXiRE has been tested in binary and multiclass classifications with six datasets having different structures and models. Results: The performance is consistent (in terms of accuracy, fidelity, and rule length) with respect to the state-of-the-art rule extractors (i.e., ECLAIRE). Moreover, compared with ECLAIRE, DEXiRE has generated shorter rules (i.e., up to 74% fewer terms) and has shortened the execution time (improving up to 197% in the best-case scenario). Conclusions: DEXiRE can be applied for binary and multiclass classification of deep learning predictors with any number of hidden layers. Moreover, DEXiRE can identify the activation pattern per class and use it to reduce the search space for rule extractors (pruning irrelevant/redundant neurons)—shorter rules and execution times with respect to ECLAIRE.

13

Hollet-Haudebert, Sandrine. "Eclairage conceptuel d’une problématique émergente en gestion : l’addiction au travail." RIMHE : Revue Interdisciplinaire Management, Homme & Entreprise 30, no. 1 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rimhe.030.0068.

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14

Crawford, Ann, and Olivier Guillod. "Le consentement eclaire du patient: autodetermination ou paternalisme?" University of Toronto Law Journal 39, no. 1 (1989): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/825805.

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15

Loser, Francis. "Lorsque des projets artistiques soutiennent l'agentivité des personnes qui y prennent part." WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 9, no. 1 (August 2023): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/we2023-001007.

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L'article vise à rendre compte de plusieurs contributions sociales recourant à la médiation artistique (photographie et théâtre) présentées dans le cadre d'un con-grès international francophone de travail social. Eclairée par une perspective esthétique sociale, les analyses proposées s'intéressent plus précisément au po-tentiel qu'offrent ces projets en termes de développement de l'agentivité des us-ager·es qui s'y engagent. Mots clés: Médiation; Travail social; Art; Esthétique; Agentivité.

16

VERGOTE, Antoine. "Eclairage psychologique sur le mariage d'amour et ses conditions de réussite." INTAMS review 3, no. 2 (September 1, 1997): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/int.3.2.2014796.

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17

Chelhod, Joseph. "Un Nouvel Eclairage sur la Mission et la Mort d'Ali Bey." Studia Islamica, no. 80 (1994): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1595856.

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18

Monsutti, Alessandro. "Eclairage - Les transferts de fonds informels des Afghans : une dispersion stratégique." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 27-2 (December 1, 2008): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.520.

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19

Lerch, Mathias. "Eclairage – Transferts de fonds : enquête auprès des immigrés d’origine serbe en Suisse." Annuaire suisse de politique de développement, no. 27-2 (December 1, 2008): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/aspd.509.

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20

Hangnilo, Robert. "Eclairage électrique décentralisé des zones rurales isolées de la République du Bénin." Journal of Renewable Energies 15, no. 2 (October 23, 2023): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v15i2.317.

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Les études préliminaires qui conditionnent l’extension du réseau électrique sont généralement occultées en République du Bénin. Souvent, pour ce faire, seule la raison politique compte. Cependant, les abonnés des zones rurales du pays n’utilisent généralement l’électricité que pour l’éclairage. Malgré cette extension, des ménages sont encore privés des bienfaits de l’électricité au Bénin. Il se pose ainsi le problème de la rentabilité des lignes de transport électrique et de la maîtrise de l’énergie au Bénin. Pour apprivoiser cette denrée, il faut maîtriser ses sources, la produire, la transporter, la distribuer, la consommer et en toute sécurité. Le relèvement de ce défi incombe aux chercheurs scientifiques. En effet, à chaque étape critique du développement d’un pays, nombreux sont les défis à relever par les acteurs des secteurs scientifique et technique. Parmi ces défis, la maîtrise de l’énergie est le plus récurrent et de loin le plus important. Notre article présente les performances de Zokya, une alimentation dont la source primaire est une batterie d’accumulateurs ordinaire. La tension d’entrée de Zokya mesure 12 V, la sortie alternative de 240 V, sa fréquence est 50 Hz. Un contrôleur de décharge isole les lampes, quand l’entrée passe à 10,8 V pour éviter la décharge profonde de la batterie. Elle est rechargée par l’alternateur du véhicule où elle est embarquée ou dans un atelier d’artisan. Cette forme décentralisée de conversion d’énergie pour l’éclairage convient aux sites ruraux isolés du Bénin. La création de centres communautaires de recharge de batterie équipés de générateur photovoltaïque est recommandable.

21

Py, Bernard. "Apprendre une langue et devenir bilingue : un eclairage acquisitionniste sur les contacts de langues." Journal of Language Contact 1, no. 1 (2007): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000007792548369.

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AbstractIl est ici proposé une synthèse de la problématique acquisitionniste confrontée à la réalité du bilinguisme et du contact des langues dans le cadre d'apprentissages formels et informels appréhendés en situation. Une question fondamentale : « Comment devient-on bilingue lorsqu'on est immergé dans une communauté alloglotte ou diglossique particulière, que l'on y pratique la communication bilingue ou exolingue et qu'on y occupe une position socioculturelle déterminée ? ». A partir de là, il s'agit de dépasser les notions abstraites d'exposition à la langue cible et de système qui ne prennent pas en compte les circonstances et la contextualisation de l'acquisition ; de mettre l'accent sur la pertinence de l'asymétrie de la communication exolingue. On développe alors une réflexion sur la dynamique de l'apprenant qui décontextualise les données linguistiques auxquelles il est confronté afin de constituer un ensemble de ressources stabilisées, fonctionnalisables à toutes fins utiles dans les contextes d'usage. Cela conduit à mettre en question l'intérêt de la notion de compétence, et le bilinguisme se définit alors autrement : par un accès à des ressources (issues de deux langues) actualisables dans des contextes sociaux particuliers.

22

Miąsik, Dawid. "Instytucja pytań prejudycjalnych do Trybunału Sprawiedliwości w praktyce Sądu Najwyższego RP." Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 82, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rpeis.2020.82.1.1.

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Artykuł w sposób kompleksowy i syntetyczny analizuje instytucję pytań prejudycjalnych do Trybunału Sprawiedliwości z perspektywy Sądu Najwyższego RP jako sądu unijnego. Przedstawia okoliczności wpływające na wykonywanie przez SN obowiązku kierowania pytań do TS z punktu widzenia krajowego orzecznictwa ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zastosowania doktryn acte eclaire i acte clair. Uwzględnienia specyfikę różnych postępowań toczących się przed SN oraz różnych źródeł prawa unijnego. Prezentuje cele zadawanych pytań, przedmiot, sposób formułowania i uzasadniania. Odrębny fragment poświęcono wykonywaniu wyroków TS wydanych w odpowiedzi na pytania prejudycjalne SN z punktu widzenia zasad stosowania prawa unijnego przez sądy krajowe (prounijna wykładnia, bezpośredni skutek oraz pierwszeństwo).

23

Hargunani, Sanjay P. "Combustion Synthesis and Photoluminescence Study of Sr3Y1-x(BO3)3: xPr3+ (0.01 ? x ? 0.05) Red Borate Phosphor for Near Blue Pumped WLED." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 2043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48392.

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Abstract: A red borate phosphor Sr3Y1-x(BO3)3: xPr3+ ( 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.05 ) was prepared by using a solution combustion reaction method, and its photoluminescence property is investigated. The synthesized phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanned electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). Their excitation bands at 375, 384 and 395 nm are originated from the transitions of 3H4→3P2, 3H4→3P1 and 3H4→3P0 of Pr3+ ion. Under375nm nm excitations, the emission of Pr3+ at 595, 614 and 632 nm are attributed to 1D2→3H5, 3P0→3H6 and 3P0→3F2. The Commission International de Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates are (X = 0.67745889, Y = 0.322362077) for Sr3Y1-x(BO3)3: xPr3+ . The result shows that Sr3Y1-x(BO3)3: xPr3+ is promising candidate for red phosphors in the fabrication of pc-WLED and in blue LED chip WLED.

24

Sagna, Batoura, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh, Habiboula Lemrabott, Sega Gueye, Moustapha Thiame, and Gregoire Sissoko. "PHOTOPILE MONOFACIALE AU SILICIUM EN REGIME TRANSITOIRE : INFLUENCE DE LIRRADIATION SUR LA DENSITE DE PHOTOCOURANT ET LA CAPACITE." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 12 (December 31, 2023): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17980.

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Dans ce travail, nous etudions linfluence de lirradiation (energie dirradiation et coefficient de dommage) sur le comportement dune photopile solaire en regime transitoire, eclairee par sa face avant. Letude porte principalement sur la densite de photocourant et sur la capacite de diffusion de la photopile. Apres la resolution de lequation de continuite des porteurs minoritaires de charge dans la base, nous obtenons une expression de la densite des porteurs minoritaires de charge, de la densite de photocourant, de la phototension et de la capacite de diffusion toutes dependantes du temps. La densite des porteurs minoritaires de charge, la densite de photocourant, la phototension et la capacite de diffusion de la photopile sont etudiees pour differentes valeurs de lenergie dirradiation et du coefficient de dommage en fonction du temps.

25

Song, Rui Li, and Yu Duan. "High Brightness White Organic Light Emitting Devices Employing Phosphorescent Iridium Complex as RGB Dopants." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.1072.

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An efficient phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) was realized by using a bright blue-emitting layer, iridium (III) bis [(4, 6-di-fluoropheny)-pyridinato-N, C2’] picolinate doped 4.4’-bis (9-carbazolyl)-2, 2’-dimethyl-biphenyl, together with tris (2- Phenylpyridine) iridium and bis (1-phenyl-isoquinoline) acetylacetonate iridium (III) were codoped into 4,4’-N,N’-dicarbazole-biphenyl layer to provide blue, green, and red emission for color mixing. The device emission color was controlled by varying dopant concentrations and the thickness of blue and green-red layers as well as tuning the thickness of exciton-blocking layer. The maximum luminance and power efficiency of the WOLED were 37100cd/m2 at 17 V and 7.37lm/W at 5V, respectively. The Commission Internationale de 1’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate changes from (0.41, 0.42) to (0.37, 0.39) when the luminance rangeed from 1000cd/m2 to 30000cd/m2.

26

Yang, Hui Shan, and Li Shuang Wu. "Efficient Organe Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using N-arylbenzinmidzoles as Blocking Layer." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2273.

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A orange organic light-emitting device has been fabricated with a structure of ITO/m-MTDATA (45 nm)/NPB (8 nm)/ DPVBi:DCJTB 0.5 % (15 nm)/TPBi (x nm)/Alq3[(60-x) n /LiF (1 nm)/Al£¬where x=0, 4, 7 and 10, respectively. N-arylbenzinmidzoles (TPBi) was used as the excton-blocking layer resulting mixture of lights from DPVBi molecules (blue-light) and DCJTB (yellow-light) molecules, thereby producing orange light emission. The performance of device can be readily adjusted by only varying the thickness of the TPBi layer. The Commission Internationale de 1'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the device are largely insensitive to diffrent of the driving voltages. When the thickness of TPBi is 7 nm, the device exhibits peak efficiency of 6.16 cd/A at the applied voltage of 8 V, and the maximum brightness is 43310 cd/m2at 15 V, respectively.

27

Sahu, Dipti, D. P. Bisen, Nameeta Brahme, Kanchan Tiwari, and Aastha Sahu. "Structural, Compositional and Photoluminescence Studies of Li4SrCa(SiO4)2: Eu3+ Red Phosphor Synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B) 36, no. 1 (July 13, 2023): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-36-1-10.

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In this paper, Eu3+ doped phosphor Li4SrCa(SiO4)2 is successfully synthesized via a solid-state reaction method at high temperatures. Structure characterization is determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface morphology was analyzed using Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). The EDX spectra confirm the elements present in Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor. Photoluminescence(PL) spectra of Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor was efficiently excited by UV range 220-450nm and under the excitation 395nm phosphors shows good intensity with an orange-red intense peak at 591nm and 619 nm was due to 4D0-7F1 and 4D0-7F2 transition respectively. Commission International del’ Eclairage (CIE) color coordinate was calculated, which confirms the Eu3+ doped phosphor with a CIE value of (x=0.6259, y=0.3737). This phosphor is considered to be a new promising orange-red emitting phosphor for WLEDs application. This phosphor may be used for solid-state lighting.

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Li, Bao-Ning, Yuan-Yuan Liu, Ya-Ping Wang, and Mei Pan. "Visual Detection of Triethylamine and a Dual Input/Output Logic Gate Based on a Eu3+-Complex." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113244.

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A series of Ln3+-metal centered complexes, Ln(TTA)3(DPPI) (Ln = La, 1; Ln = Eu, 2; Ln = Tb, 3; or Ln = Gd, 4) [(DPPI = N-(4-(1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine) and (TTA = 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone)] have been synthesized and characterized. Among which, the Eu3+-complex shows efficient purity red luminescence in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, with a Commission International De L’ Eclairage (CIE) coordinate at x = 0.638, y = 0.323 and ΦEuL = 38.9%. Interestingly, increasing the amounts of triethylamine (TEA) in the solution regulates the energy transfer between the ligand and the Eu3+-metal center, which further leads to the luminescence color changing from red to white, and then bluish-green depending on the different excitation wavelengths. Based on this, we have designed the IMPLICATION logic gate for TEA recognition by applying the amounts of TEA and the excitation wavelengths as the dual input signal, which makes this Eu3+-complex a promising candidate for TEA-sensing optical sensors.

29

Zhang, Wen Guan, Lian Qin, and Sheng Min Zhao. "The Red Electroluminescence of Iridium Complex at Different Concentrations and Host Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.94.

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Six devices based on tris [2-(benzo [b] thiophen-2-yl) pyridinato-C3,N] iridium Ir (btpy)3 at the different concentration (0.5, 2, 8 and 12 wt. %) and in three host materials (PVK blending with PBD, PVK and CBP) were fabricated by spin-casting technique. The PL emission of Ir (btpy)3 in solid film peaked at 594 nm. HOMO and LUMO energy levels were-5.08 and-2.67 eV. The EL peaks kept constant at 600 and 649 nm, and Commission International de L′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates were stable at (0.63, 0.36). With the increasing of doping concentration luminances were enhanced at the given voltage. Devices of host PVK blending with PBD exhibited much higher luminance than device in host PVK or CBP at the same concentration of 8 %. All devices exhibited strong red electrophosphorescence. The transport of electron and hole was balanced and energy transfer from the host to the guest complex was efficient. The characteristics of devices demonstrated that Ir (btpy)3 was an excellent red emitter suitable for OLEDs.

30

Kasperová, Jana, Jozef Nagy, Peter Popelka, Zuzana Dičáková, Alena Nagyová, and Pavel Maľa. "Physico-chemical indicators and identification of selected Slovak honeys based on colour measurement." Acta Veterinaria Brno 81, no. 1 (2012): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281010057.

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The aim of study was to characterize 52 samples of Slovak honeys of six types (multifloral, acacia, rape, honeydew, forest and mixed). Physico-chemical analysis of honey included the water content, free acidity, pH, water activity, electrical conductivity, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content. In addition, the colour of honeys was measured using spectrophotometer and Commission Internationale de I`Eclairage method (CIE L*a*b*); four types of honey were used for identification: multifloral, acacia, rape, and honeydew. Mean values of physico-chemical indicators were as follows: water content 16–21%, acidity 6–42 mekv·kg-1, pH 3.68–5.15, water activity 0.505–0.667, electrical conductivity 0.155–1.585 mS·cm-1 and HMF content 0.17–78.5 mg·kg-1. The highest HMF content was found in forest honey with one sample above the limit established by Council Directive 2001/110/EC. The colour of Slovak honeys analysed in this study was very variable and ranged from pale yellow to dark brown. Differences of physico-chemical indicators and colour of honey samples were found to be significant (P < 0.05). The CIE L*a*b* methods can be used for identification of selected honey samples. This is the first similar study on Slovak honey.

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Dumons, Bruno, and Gilles Pollet. "Espaces politiques et gouvernements municipaux dans la France de la IIIe République. Eclairage sur la sociogenèse de l'Etat contemporain." Politix 14, no. 53 (2001): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polix.2001.1136.

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32

Park, Sunwoo, Changyu Lee, Hayoon Lee, Kiho Lee, Hyukmin Kwon, Sangwook Park, and Jongwook Park. "Improving the Electroluminescence Properties of New Chrysene Derivatives with High Color Purity for Deep-Blue OLEDs." Materials 17, no. 8 (April 19, 2024): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17081887.

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Two blue-emitting materials, 4-(12-([1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)chrysen-6-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (TPA-C-TP) and 6-([1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)-12-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)chrysene (TPE-C-TP), were prepared with the composition of a chrysene core moiety and terphenyl (TP), triphenyl amine (TPA), and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties as side groups. The maximum photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelengths of TPA-C-TP and TPE-C-TP were 435 and 369 nm in the solution state and 444 and 471 nm in the film state. TPA-C-TP effectively prevented intermolecular packing through the introduction of TPA, a bulky aromatic amine group, and it showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 86% in the film state. TPE-C-TP exhibited aggregation-induced emission; the PLQY increased dramatically from 0.1% to 78% from the solution state to the film state. The two synthesized materials had excellent thermal stability, with a high decomposition temperature exceeding 460 °C. The two compounds were used as emitting layers in a non-doped device. The TPA-C-TP device achieved excellent electroluminescence (EL) performance, with Commission Internationale de L′Eclairage co-ordinates of (0.15, 0.07) and an external quantum efficiency of 4.13%, corresponding to an EL peak wavelength of 439 nm.

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Thiame, Moustapha, Moussa Camara, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh, Sega Gueye, Ousmane Sow, Mamadou Wade, and Gregoire Sissoko. "ETUDE DUNE PHOTOPILE BIFACIALE AU SILICIUM EN REGIME STATIQUE SOUMISE A UN CHAMP MAGNETIQUE SOUS ECLAIREMENT MONOCHROMATIQUE PAR LA FACE ARRIERE: DETERMINATION DE LEPAISSEUR OPTIMUM DE LA BASE." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 06 (June 30, 2023): 889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17141.

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La photopile bifaciale au silicium, est eclairee par la face arriere par une lumiere monochromatique. Elle est placee dans un champ magnetique induisant un coefficient de diffusion Dn (B) des porteurs minoritaires. Lequation de magneto-transport relative Ã la densite des porteurs minoritaires dans la base de la photopile est resolue. Les conditions aux limites associees sont donnees Ã laide des vitesses de recombinaison des porteurs minoritaires (Sf) et (Sb), respectivement Ã la jonction (n+/p) et Ã la surface arriere (p/p+). Du profil de densite de courant en fonction de la vitesse de recombinaison (Sf) Ã la jonction, les expressions de la vitesse de recombinaison (Sb) des porteurs minoritaires sont deduites, en fonction du coefficient dabsorption (Î±(Î»), du coefficient de diffusion et de lepaisseur (H). Dans ce travail, nous avons propose une etude graphique pour determiner lepaisseur optimum de la base de la photopile bifaciale au silicium par le concept de vitesse de recombinaison des porteurs minoritaires Ã la surface arriere. Lepaisseur optimalum de la base est obtenue et modelisee en fonction du champ magnetique, pour les petites et grandes gammes de longueurs donde de la lumiere incidente.

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Gras, Catherine. "Illustration de couverture : Eclairage Guido RENI - Bologne, 1575 – Bologne, 1642 Adam et Ève Toile : H. : 2,77 ; L. : 1,96 Inv. CA 42." Imaginaire & Inconscient 38, no. 2 (2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/imin.038.0005.

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Song, Huajun, and Rui Wang. "Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Multi-Scale Fusion and Global Stretching of Dual-Model." Mathematics 9, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9060595.

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Aimed at the two problems of color deviation and poor visibility of the underwater image, this paper proposes an underwater image enhancement method based on the multi-scale fusion and global stretching of dual-model (MFGS), which does not rely on the underwater optical imaging model. The proposed method consists of three stages: Compared with other color correction algorithms, white-balancing can effectively eliminate the undesirable color deviation caused by medium attenuation, so it is selected to correct the color deviation in the first stage. Then, aimed at the problem of the poor performance of the saliency weight map in the traditional fusion processing, this paper proposed an updated strategy of saliency weight coefficient combining contrast and spatial cues to achieve high-quality fusion. Finally, by analyzing the characteristics of the results of the above steps, it is found that the brightness and clarity need to be further improved. The global stretching of the full channel in the red, green, blue (RGB) model is applied to enhance the color contrast, and the selective stretching of the L channel in the Commission International Eclairage-Lab (CIE-Lab) model is implemented to achieve a better de-hazing effect. Quantitative and qualitative assessments on the underwater image enhancement benchmark dataset (UIEBD) show that the enhanced images of the proposed approach achieve significant and sufficient improvements in color and visibility.

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Tan, Yao-yao, Yan Zhang, Gang-lan Jiang, Xin-xin Zhi, Xiao Xiao, Lin Wu, Yan-Jiang Jia, Jin-gang Liu, and Xiu-min Zhang. "Preparation and Properties of Inherently Black Polyimide Films with Extremely Low Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Potential Applications for Black Flexible Copper Clad Laminates." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030576.

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In the current work, a series of black polyimide (PI) films with excellent thermal and dimensional stability at elevated temperatures were successfully developed. For this purpose, two aromatic diamines including 4,4′-iminodianline (NDA) and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5- aminobenzimidazole (APBI) were copolymerized with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to afford PIs containing imino groups (–NH–) in the molecular structures. The referenced PI film, PI-ref, was simultaneously prepared from PMDA and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA). The introduction of imino groups endowed the PI films with excellent blackness and opaqueness with the optical transmittance lower than 2% at the wavelength of 600 nm at a thickness of 25 μm and lightness (L*) below 10 for the CIE (Commission International Eclairage) Lab optical parameters. Meanwhile, the introduction of rigid benzimidazole units apparently improved the thermal and dimensional stability of the PI films. The PI-d film based on PMDA and mixed diamines (NDA:APBI = 70:30, molar ratio) showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 445.5 °C and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 8.9 × 10−6/K in the temperature range of 50 to 250 °C, respectively. It is obviously superior to those of the PI-a (PMDA-NDA, Tg = 431.6 °C; CTE = 18.8 × 10−6/K) and PI-ref (PMDA-ODA, Tg = 418.8 °C; CTE: 29.5 × 10−6/K) films.

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Al-Asbahi, Bandar Ali, Mohamad S. AlSalhi, Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj Jumali, Amanullah Fatehmulla, Saif M. H. Qaid, Wafa Musa Mujamammi, and Hamid M. Ghaithan. "Conjugated Polymers-Based Ternary Hybrid toward Unique Photophysical Properties." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207011.

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The improvement of optical and optoelectronic properties of the individual poly [2-methoxy-5- (2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), poly[2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]–End capped with Dimethyl phenyl (OC1C10–PPV–DMP), and poly (9,9′-di- n -octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (F8) was revealed by blending them in ternary hybrid with optimal ratio (F8/2 wt.% MEH-PPV/2 wt.% OC1C10–PPV–DMP). All individual and optimal ternary solutions were prepared via the solution-blending method followed by depositing them onto glass and ITO substrates using spin-coating technique. The semi-crystalline phase of the ternary hybrid and the strong mixing between the conjugated polymers were evidenced by observing the X-ray diffraction patterns that related to F8 into the hybrid diffractogram. The optical and optoelectronic properties of all prepared thin films were investigated in terms of absorption and emission spectra, Commission International d′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates, and current–voltage (I-V) characterizations. Emission peaks at the entire range of visible spectrum can be revealed from the ternary hybrid of the three individual conjugated polymers, producing white emission as evidenced from the emission spectrum and CIE coordinates of the hybrid. Among all fabricated organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices, the ternary hybrid-based-OLED revealed the best performance in terms of current and turn-on voltage.

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Lacan, Arnaud. "Ce que la periode de Covid-19 nous a appris sur la gestion de l’Autre : un eclairage postmoderne sur management et leadership." Vie & sciences de l'entreprise N° 218, no. 3 (February 19, 2024): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vse.218.0208.

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La période Covid-19 a bouleversé nos modèles de RH et de management parce qu’elle a imposé le télétravail qui était jusqu’à lors peu prisé des entreprises et des managers. Elle a ainsi éclaté les équipes de collaborateurs dans des modèles hybrides de travail et cette désintégration des équipes a souvent eu comme conséquence des difficultés pour les collaborateurs à conserver le sentiment de faire équipe. L’approche postmoderne nous apporte quelques lumières sur la plus que jamais nécessité de ce lien à l’Autre en proposant le passage d’un système de valeurs dépassées à un système postmoderne beaucoup plus éclairant pour la période qui nous intéresse. Cet article propose une réflexion sur les pratiques RH et de management pour remettre la relation aux autres (l’Autre) au centre des objectifs managériaux. Nous pourrons alors dessiner un management de l’après qui se fonde sur un management de l’Autre.

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Mahmod, Riad Mitieb, Mohammed Hasan Derwish, and Khamees Khalaf Hasan. "Color Measurement and Color Spaces Analysis for TV Using the (Commission International D’Éclairage) CIE System Evaluation." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.18.1.04.

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Color is a perceived phenomenon and not a physical dimension like length ortemperature, although the electromagnetic radiation of the visible wavelength spectrum is measurable as a physical quantity. A suitable form of representation must be found for storing, displaying, and processing color images. This representation must be well suited to the mathematical demands of a color image processing algorithm, to the technical conditions of a camera, printer, or television, and to human color perception as well. These various demands cannot be met equally well simultaneously. For this reason, differing representations are used in color image processing according to the processing goal. Color spaces indicate color coordinate systems in which the image values of a color image are represented. The standard color system, established by the International Lighting Commission CIE (Commission Internationale de I ’Eclairage), will be described. This system represents the international reference system of color measurement. The contribution deals with the Matlab application used for television and color spaces analysis. All of the color spaces can be derived from the RGB information supplied by devices such as cameras and scanners. There is a list of common color spaces. The application allows selection of input color image, direct and backward transformation into the selected space including CIE diagram picture analysis and NTSC system. The additional functions of this research are evaluation of histogram of colors. The Color Spaces application outputs are introduced on various test pictures.

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Antonov, Milica, Lea Lenhardt, Dragica Manojlovic, Bojana Milicevic, and Miroslav Dramicanin. "Discoloration of resin based composites in natural juices and energy drinks." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 8 (2018): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp161018394a.

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Background/Aim. Discoloration of dental restorations makes them aesthetically unacceptable and is a frequent reason for replacement of composite restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of color and fluorescence of resin-based composites (RBCs) exposed to natural juices and energy drinks. Methods. Microhybrid composite Gradia DirectTM Extra Bleach White disc-shaped specimens (n = 35) were immersed in three different natural juices and four different energy drinks. Absorption spectra of natural juices and energy drinks, diffuse reflection and fluorescence of composite samples were measured prior and after seven- day immersion by spectrophotometer Thermo Evolution 600 and spectrofluorometer Fluorolog-3-221. Composite?s color was calculated from diffuse reflection spectra and expressed in CIELAB color space (Commission International de l?Eclairage). Results. All natural juices and energy drinks induced color change of resin based composites, but to the different extent. Only aronia and carrot juices induced total color change considerably higher than clinically acceptable threshold, 9.3 and 6.2, respectively. All energy drinks and aronia juice induced notable decrease in fluorescence; the highest change of 28% was evidenced in the case of aronia juice. Conclusion. Change of color and fluorescence will appear differently with various solutions due to different chemical composition and concentration of colorant species in different beverages. Solutions with higher optical absorption induced higher total color change. Discoloration of composites in aronia and carrot juices is similar to those earlier reported for red wine, tea and coffee.

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Bergadaa, M. "L'artisanat d'un metier d'art: l'experience de l'authenticite et sa realisation dans les lieux de rencontre entre artisan et amateur eclaire." Recherche et Applications en Marketing 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/076737010802300306.

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Ceyda, Akin, Sevimay Müjde, Ozyilmaz Ozgun Yusuf, and Cokuk Neslihan. "Evaluation of the shear bond strength of resin cement to enamel after bleaching with Er: YAG and diode laser." Advanced Composites Letters 29 (January 1, 2020): 2633366X1989996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633366x19899961.

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Objective: The shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin cement and color change to enamel bleached with two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching agents in combination with two different laser applications was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The Er: YAG laser ( λ = 2940 nm) and diode laser ( λ = 940 nm) were used with the bleaching agent consisting of 40% HP opalescence (Opalescence Xtra Boost, Ulgen, South Jordan, UT, USA) and 35% HP whiteness (Whiteness HP Blue, FGM Dental Products, Joinville, SC, Brazil). Seventy-two human extracted teeth were randomly divided into two groups: For the 40% HP treatment, 36 specimens were divided into three subgroups: (1) HP agent with no laser treatment, (2) HP agent treated with Er: YAG laser, and (3) HP agent treated with diode laser. The same protocol was performed for the 35% HP. The color change was analyzed using the Commission Internationale de l’ Eclairage (CIE) L* a* b* system and surface roughness was analyzed by an atomic force microscope. The specimens were bonded with resin cement and a shear bond test was performed at 0.5 mm/min. The failure surfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscope analysis. Results: Δ E value of the 40% HP + Er: YAG group was significantly higher than the other groups while diode groups showed the lower SBS values than the control groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The Er: YAG laser with 40% HP may be effective for the brighter teeth and the use of Er: YAG laser produced higher adhesion between enamel and resin cement than diode laser.

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Jayaprakash, R., S. Bakshi, K. Rani, and S. Rani. "Defect Induced high-color-rendering white light emissions from Ag-doped ZnO." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1285, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1285/1/012034.

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Abstract It is crucial to find high-quality white-light phosphors that are simple to synthesize in order to create efficient lighting. In this pursuit, the focus has been on achieving the emission of white light in ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO emerging as a promising phosphor candidate. The optimized ZnO nano phosphors demonstrated visible-light emission with ideal Commission international de I E “Eclairage frequently abbreviated as coordinates (x = 0.33, y = 0.33 ) and a correlated color temperature of 6200 K, and a color rendering index of 100 for equivalent to day white light. Furthermore, under certain ideal processing conditions, neutral white-light emission (x = 0.33, y = 0.33 at λex = 280 and 370 nm) with a Color correlated temperature (CCT) of 5500 K(approx.) was achieved. The Color Rendering Index (CRI) of the ZnO and Ag:ZnO nanoparticles exceeded 90, with high values approaching 96%, which is necessary for accurately portraying object colors in comparison to natural sunshine. The research findings revealed a decrease in the FS emission intensity with all the UV excitation when Ag doped in ZnO, which aligns well with the principles of Stern-Volmer quenching. A reduction in intensity was observed which may be due to the Ag dopant interacting with the luminescent nanoparticles and causing a reduction in their emitted light. The study successfully develops and optimizes ZnO-based nano phosphors with tailored white-light emission characteristics, presenting a promising solution for achieving energy-efficient and high-quality white-light sources for various lighting applications.

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Al-Samadani, Khalid H. "Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials Response to Its Color Stability with Effect of Energy Beverages." World Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 4 (2017): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1447.

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ABSTRACT Introduction To evaluate the effects of energy drinks on glass ionomers (GI) restorative materials color stability after different periods of aging time. Materials and methods Glass ionomers disks, 8 mm diameter, 3 mm thickness within Teflon beverages are Code Red, Red Bull, and Power Horse. Specimens were tested for aging in beverages (Code Red, Red Bull, and Power Horse). The distilled water was used as a control. The variations in color were evaluated in the CIELAB [CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) is a color space specified by Commission International de Eclairage (CIE)] using a colorimeter pre- and post-storage period. Color differences (ÄE*ab, Äb*) in each specimen were recorded. The t-test analysis was performed (p < 0.05 was considered as significant). Results The color changes by Code Red, Red Bull, and Power Horse energy drinks were significantly different for all tested materials (p < 0.05). Each specimen exhibited total color changes toward yellowness, after a period of 1, 7, and 30 days. The greatest color difference (ÄE*ab) was observed in the case of Red Bull group following 1 week. Conclusion The energy beverages affected the color stability of tested GI restorative materials with the increase of aging time. The effect on the color stability of GI was influenced by factors, such as the type of solution and the presence of the acids causing erosion. Clinical significance Glass ionomer is used as cosmetic filling material. Energy beverages have erosive effect on glass ionomer which influences clinical importance by influencing on mastication and TMJ problem. How to cite this article Al-Samadani KH. Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials Response to Its Color Stability with Effect of Energy Beverages. World J Dent 2017;8(4):255-261.

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Vallejo, M. A., M. Perez, P. V. Ceron, R. Navarro, C. Villaseñor, T. Cordova, and M. Sosa. "Photoluminescence and Thermoluminescence of Phosphate Glasses Doped with Dy3+ and Containing Silver Nanoparticles." Nano 12, no. 12 (December 2017): 1750145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017501454.

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Phosphate glasses doped with Dy[Formula: see text] ions and containing silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized in the present work. We report photoluminescence characterization by absorption and emission spectra. The effect of Ag concentration on the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves was studied. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the formation of SNP. Absorption spectra of the samples show the influence of the SNP in the bands 350[Formula: see text]nm at 425[Formula: see text]nm associated with the Dy[Formula: see text], in the same spectra we can see the bands 750, 800, 875, 1098, 1278[Formula: see text]nm and 1675[Formula: see text]nm belonging to the Dy[Formula: see text]. Emission spectra show two prominent bands at 480[Formula: see text]nm and 574[Formula: see text]nm and one faint band at 665[Formula: see text]nm corresponding to 4F[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text], 4F[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text] and 4F[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text] transitions, respectively. All bands under 364[Formula: see text]nm pumping, and the fluorescence in the 550[Formula: see text]nm and 590[Formula: see text]nm spectral range enhanced four times. The Commission Internationale de 1’Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates were evaluated from the emission spectra to simulate white light emission from the phosphate glasses. The photostability of the samples was also studied in the UVA (315–403[Formula: see text]nm) and UVB (280–315[Formula: see text]nm) ranges. TL due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was studied; the glow curves show significant dependence of the TL intensity with the increment of SNPs in the samples. These results show the phosphate glasses doped with Dy[Formula: see text] and containing SNP as a potential candidate have to be used in solid-state illumination and retrospective dosimetry.

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Annisa, Mutiara, Harsini Harsini, and Archadian Nuryanti. "The comparison of two programmes to measure color difference (Î”E) from tooth sample photo." Odonto : Dental Journal 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.10.2.257-267.

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Background: Color evaluation is crucial to evaluate a materialâ€™s quality. One alternative method for evaluating materialâ€™s color is using photographs analysed by software. This research evaluates the use of digital imaging and software (ImageJ and Photoshop) to obtain color differences of tooth sample in-vitro. Method: The sample used is bovine teeth that were given tea-staining and brushing treatment using five tested toothpastes. Sampleâ€™s photographs for each toothpasteâ€™s group (n=4) were taken before and after experiment. DLSR Nikon D90 was used with digital CCD censor, macro lens 105mm, manual setting (ISO 200, F-Stop 5, Shutter Speed 1/400) with distance to sample of 25cm. Sample was positioned in foldable mini-studio-box (24.5x24.5x22.5cm) with LED-lighting (6500-7000 color temperature). The photographs were taken in close room at 11.00am. Two software were used to obtain the color value from pre- and post-experimental photographs of the sample at the middle-third of the sample using CIE-Lab (Commision Internacional de lâ€™Eclairage L*a*b) color system. The resulted color difference (Î”E) value of sample from the two-software were compared using independent T-test and evaluate the measurement accuracy using Pearsonâ€™s correlation (Î±=0.05). Result: ImageJ and Photoshop analyses of the sample photographs yield comparable Î”E values, as determined by an independent T-test (p=0.893). The Pearson correlation test reveals a positive correlation (R=0.904) between the two software. Conclusion: The use of digital photography and software to obtain Î”E values are accurate, representative, and recommended when taking into account the controlled procedure of photographing the sample and analysing the sample's color value.

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McHutchion, Lindsay, Linping Zhao, Scott Dixon, and Rosemary Seelaus. "Thresholds of perceivable color difference in silicone: A pilot study." International Journal of Maxillofacial Prosthetics 3, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26629/ijmp.2020.04.

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Purpose: The relationship of instrument measured color difference to observer perception of color difference is not currently well-defined in applications related to color for facial prosthetic devices. Determining the threshold of perceivable color difference (âˆ†E) in silicone will improve the quality of patient treatment and allow for better applications of technology in the production of facial prostheses. The purpose of this study is to determine the threshold of perceivable color difference in silicone and to examine if this threshold varies with light versus dark colors, and/or among three different observer groups. Material and Methods: Two sets of 40 silicone samples (one simulating light skin and one simulating dark skin) were compared to one standard sample. Sample color was measured using a portable spectrophotometer, and âˆ†E values between each sample and a standard sample were calculated (Commission Internationale de lâ€™Eclairage CIE (L*a*b*)). Samples were shown to 29 subjects from three groups (12 professionals who work with color, 6 patients with a facial prosthesis, and 11 laypeople) in random order next to a standard sample under controlled viewing conditions. Subjects were asked â€œDo these samples appear to be the same color?â€ and responses were analyzed to calculate the âˆ†E value of the threshold of perceivable color difference in silicone for each subject. Subject thresholds were used to determine average thresholds for each subject group, and for all participants. Results: No significant difference in the thresholds of perceivable color difference among the three subject groups, or between light and dark sample sets was found. âˆ†E = 1.025 was calculated as the average threshold of perceivable color difference. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that âˆ†E = 1.0 can be used as a threshold of perceivable color difference in silicone used in facial prosthesis fabrication. Understanding this threshold will be useful in evaluating and integrating technology into the color-matching process of prosthesis production. It can also be used as a clinical standard for color difference comparisons and quality control in prosthetic outcomes. (Int J Maxillofac Prosthetics 2020;3:12-22)

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Kaba, Mariama, Carlo Wolfisberg, Viviane Blatter, and Susanne Schriber. "La formation des jeunes en institution spécialisée favorise-t-elle « l’intégration sociale » et l’autonomie ? Eclairage historique à partir d’expériences vécues de personnes ayant des déficiences physiques ou multiples en Suisse romande (années 1960 – 2000)." Aequitas: Revue de développement humain, handicap et changement social 28, no. 2 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1093616ar.

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Xue, Yongan, Jinling Zhao, and Mingmei Zhang. "A Watershed-Segmentation-Based Improved Algorithm for Extracting Cultivated Land Boundaries." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050939.

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To accurately extract cultivated land boundaries based on high-resolution remote sensing imagery, an improved watershed segmentation algorithm was proposed herein based on a combination of pre- and post-improvement procedures. Image contrast enhancement was used as the pre-improvement, while the color distance of the Commission Internationale de l´Eclairage (CIE) color space, including the Lab and Luv, was used as the regional similarity measure for region merging as the post-improvement. Furthermore, the area relative error criterion (δA), the pixel quantity error criterion (δP), and the consistency criterion (Khat) were used for evaluating the image segmentation accuracy. The region merging in Red–Green–Blue (RGB) color space was selected to compare the proposed algorithm by extracting cultivated land boundaries. The validation experiments were performed using a subset of Chinese Gaofen-2 (GF-2) remote sensing image with a coverage area of 0.12 km2. The results showed the following: (1) The contrast-enhanced image exhibited an obvious gain in terms of improving the image segmentation effect and time efficiency using the improved algorithm. The time efficiency increased by 10.31%, 60.00%, and 40.28%, respectively, in the RGB, Lab, and Luv color spaces. (2) The optimal segmentation and merging scale parameters in the RGB, Lab, and Luv color spaces were C for minimum areas of 2000, 1900, and 2000, and D for a color difference of 1000, 40, and 40. (3) The algorithm improved the time efficiency of cultivated land boundary extraction in the Lab and Luv color spaces by 35.16% and 29.58%, respectively, compared to the RGB color space. The extraction accuracy was compared to the RGB color space using the δA, δP, and Khat, that were improved by 76.92%, 62.01%, and 16.83%, respectively, in the Lab color space, while they were 55.79%, 49.67%, and 13.42% in the Luv color space. (4) Through the visual comparison, time efficiency, and segmentation accuracy, the comprehensive extraction effect using the proposed algorithm was obviously better than that of RGB color-based space algorithm. The established accuracy evaluation indicators were also proven to be consistent with the visual evaluation. (5) The proposed method has a satisfying transferability by a wider test area with a coverage area of 1 km2. In addition, the proposed method, based on the image contrast enhancement, was to perform the region merging in the CIE color space according to the simulated immersion watershed segmentation results. It is a useful attempt for the watershed segmentation algorithm to extract cultivated land boundaries, which provides a reference for enhancing the watershed algorithm.

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Lee, Tong King. "Translation and Language Power Relations in Heterolingual Anthologies of Literature." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 58, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.58.4.05lee.

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This paper proposes a few models that describe the translational relationship among competing languages in a plurilingual society, using the heterolingual literary anthology as the material context for discussion. It argues that the heterolingual literary anthology is a powerful instrument with which we can gauge the power relations among various languages in a plurilingual society. In the making of such an anthology, translation is a central mechanism through which languages engage one another in symmetric or asymmetric exchanges. Specifically, translation constructs, moderates and negotiates language power relations by affording or depriving languages and their literatures of certain discursive properties, among which ‘visibility’ and ‘voice’ are prominent. A language is accorded visibility when it appears in an anthology, either as the source or the target language or both; it assumes a voice of its own when it translates other languages, as opposed to being translated by another language. The translational perspective thus throws light on the ideological constitution of an anthology by revealing the asymmetricities at work, enabling us to hypothesize on the state of language power relations in a plurilingual society, both synchronically and diachronically. Résumé Cet article propose quelques modeles qui decrivent la relation traductive entre des langues en concurrence dans une societe multilingue, en utilisant l’anthologie litteraire heterolingue comme contexte de discussion materiel. Il soutient que l’anthologie litteraire heterolingue est un instrument puissant avec lequel nous pouvons mesurer les relations de pouvoir entre differentes langues dans une societe multilingue. En realisant une telle anthologie, la traduction est un mecanisme central par lequel des langues s’engagent dans des echanges symetriques et asymetriques. En particulier, la traduction construit, modere et negocie les relations de pouvoir linguistiques en donnant a des langues et a leurs litteratures ou en les privant de certaines proprietes discursives, dont les principales sont la ‘visibilite’ et la ‘voix’. Une visibilite est donnee a une langue quand celle-ci apparait dans une anthologie, soit comme langue source, soit comme langue cible, soit les deux ; elle adopte une voix qui lui est propre quand elle traduit d’autres langues, par opposition au fait d’etre traduite dans une autre langue. Par consequent, la perspective traductive eclaire la constitution ideologique d’une anthologie en revelant les asymetries en jeu, en nous permettant de former des hypotheses sur l’etat des relations de pouvoir linguistiques dans une societe multilingue, de facon tant synchronique que diachronique.

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