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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Échangeur d'ions minéral"
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Дисертації з теми "Échangeur d'ions minéral"
Milcent, Théo. "Mise en place d'une nouvelle méthodologie d'évaluation d'un échangeur d'ions minéral du point de vue de sa sélectivité : Cas particulier de l'optimisation structurale et microstructurale d'un silicotitanate cristallin (CST), appliqué à la décontamination d'effluents simultanément contaminés en Sr2+ et Cs+." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0010.
Повний текст джерелаAlumino, titano and zircono-silicates zeolitic materials exhibit good performances in applications such as catalysis, gas separation and confinement. In addition, these kind of materials has been successfully used in different fields like petrochemistry, agriculture, medical, energy storage and nuclear decontamination. Their ion exchange properties make them very selective for radionuclides extraction (e.g. cesium or strontium) from wastewater treatment. Their composition (Al/Si, Ti/Si, Zr/Si ratio; “metal” nature and charge; labile ion nature, charge, size and concentration) and their framework structure (amorphous, 3D cage or tunnel) affect the ion exchange mechanism (i.e. kinetics, specificity, stability). These parameters may also modify the sorption capacity and the ion selectivity. In the present PhD, the relationship between structure and properties of several silicates will be studied in order to better understand their sorption mechanisms. To this end, the synthesis of different silicates will be performed and optimized. Then, their structures, morphologies and compositions will be analyzed by the application of different characterization techniques. Finally, this materials will be implemented to effluent treatments (i.e. model effluent and simulate real effluent) to evaluate their performances and find the connection between the structural and textural properties
Cazalbou, Sophie. "Échanges cationiques impliquant des apatites nanocristallines analogues au minéral osseux." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT00XG.
Повний текст джерелаFares, Berrada Asmaa. "Compétition entre les électrotransports d'ions organiques et minéraux à travers une membrane échangeuse d'ions." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20076.
Повний текст джерелаMerceille, Aurélie. "Etude d'échangeurs d'ions minéraux pour la décontamination liquide en strontium." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20183/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe problems of chemical pollution of water have become a major concern and a priority for the nuclear industry.The aim of this work is to study some ion exchangers used for the removal of strontium ions because 90Sr is one of a major pollutant in nuclear liquid wastes. This study allows linking the physical and chemical properties of these materials and their sorption properties. This work presents therefore the synthesis of two materials - sodium nonatitanate and zeolite A - selected for their specific sorption properties of strontium: A second part of this work is dedicated to the study of specific exchange capacities of these materials for the strontium in presence of other elements such as sodium and calcium. Batch experiments were performed and kinetic and ion exchange models have been applied to understand the selectivity of the materials for strontium removal. Sodium nonatitanate and zeolite A are also studied in actual effluents.Monoliths of zeolite A have been also tested in dynamic ion exchange process. This material is promising for the treatment of radioactive effluents in continuous flow because it joins the sorption properties of the zeolite powder with the advantage of a solid with a macroporous network
Michel, Caroline. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et modélisation du fonctionnement en colonne d'adsorbants minéraux sélectifs du Cs." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0070/document.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing the nuclear disaster in Fukushima Dai-Ichi, thousands of tons of fresh water and seawater were used for cooling the reactors or contaminated as a result of groundwater seepage. Decontamination of these waters is complicated by the presence of other cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) naturally present in these waters. Decontamination process in columns packed was studied in this context with two types of mineral adsorbents: the TERMOXID 35 and the SORBMATECH® 202. The first one is a commercial adsorbent and consists of mixed ferrocyanide K/Ni impregnated over a solid matrix Zr(OH)4. The second one was synthesized in CEA and is composed of ferrocyanide K/Cu impregnated over a solid matrix SiO2. Both materials have shown a high efficiency for Cs decontamination in seawater with Kd,Cs of about 105 mL/g.Batch studies conducted in different solutions (pure water, fresh water and seawater) allowed determining sorption kinetics and ion exchange mechanisms responsible for the sorption of Cs+, taking into account competitive effects of the natural water cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Modelling of batchs was performed with the geochemical code CHESS considering competitive effects according to the Vanselow formalism and selectivity coefficients, developing a specific thermodynamic database. The performances of these materials were then tested in column. The operating parameters such as Darcy’s velocity and the H/D ratio were studied for a proper functioning of this process. The T35 has proven to be less efficient mainly because of the slow diffusion of Cs in the pores of the material. The S202 has proven to be a good candidate for the application of high flow rates. The breakthrough curves obtained in fresh water have been modelled with the reactive transport codes HYTEC and OPTIPUR using the CHESS thermodynamic database. This approach will eventually help to support the design of a decontamination unit by the operator
Guevar, Célia. "Etude du couplage échange d’ions - coprécipitation avec des sorbants minéraux au Ba : application à la décontamination sélective en 90Sr d’effluents liquides radioactifs." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0011.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the treatment of radioactive wastewaters, specifically 90Sr containing highly saline effluents.Two types of Ba2+ containing ion exchange materials were examined as possible Sr sorbents: a barium titanate and a barium zeolite LTA. The extractants originality lies in its double extraction mechanism. Firstly, the majority of the Sr present in the solution is removed via ion exchange with the Ba present in the sorbent. A secondary process then sees the now free Ba precipitate onto the sorbents surface as BaSO4. The effluent itself is the sulfate source. This precipitation reaction initiates a second coprecipitation reaction with the remaining Sr. Strontium coprecipitation with barium sulfate is crucial to leading to a high strontium selectivity in the presence of calcium. This thesis outlines a mechanistic and comparative study which will hopefully open the way to the development of new strontium selective sorbents.The barium zeolite, which is more efficient (higher capacity and selectivity) than the barium titanate for treatment of saline effluents, was evaluated for use in industrial type processes (stirred reactor and column). Experiments conducted with variable supersaturation or molar ratio [SO4]/[Ba] allowed us to identify optimal conditions for the use of barium zeolite powders in batch type stirred reactor. These results demonstrate the potential of this material to replace the current coprecipitation process in stirred reactors, which is carried out in effluent treatment plants. Barium zeolite beads were also evaluated for effluent treatment in a column type continuous process. Ion diffusion kinetics in the material were shown to be limiting for this continuous process. The material shaping has still to be optimized.Keywords: decontamination, strontium, selectivity, ion exchange, titanate, zeolite LTA, coprecipitation, barium sulfate
Jonchère, Vincent. "Identification de gènes et de protéines de l'utérus impliqués dans le transfert minéral, la calcification de la coquille et la protection antimicrobienne de l'oeuf de poule." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe chicken eggshell is a biomineral which protects the embryo during its development. The eggshell formation takes place in the hen’s uterus. The eggshell mainly contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and a few amount of organic matrix. The eggshell formation required high calcium and bicarbonate ions, which are provided by important trans-epithelial transports through the uterine endothelium. The organic matrix plays an important role in the eggshell fabric and in the establishment of its remarkable mechanical properties.The aim of this PHD study was to identify the genes and proteins of the uterus, involved in the mineral transfer, the eggshell calcification and the antimicrobial protection of the egg. We have used cDNA microarrays to allow a global identification of genes specifically expressed in the uterus during the process of eggshell calcification. In this transcriptomic approach, we have used the spatial and temporal sequence of synthesis and secretions of the egg components along the oviduct. The expression of genes in the uterus was compared during the mineralization of the eggshell with magnum and isthmus tissues, which are involved in the egg white synthesis and the eggshell membranes deposit respectively. This study revealed 605 specifically over expressed transcripts in uterus, which are corresponding to 469 genes and 437 proteins. Uterine transcripts analysis highlighted an important over expression of genes coding ion transports and ion binding proteins. The transcriptomic approach also revealed 54 proteins with a signal peptide, potentially secreted to be deposited in the eggshell to play a biological role. These 54 secreted proteins were classified according to their putative biological functions using protein databases and bibliographic data. Among these proteins, many exhibited calcium and ion binding properties, and consequently could be implied in the control of the eggshell mineralization. Several proteins also present antimicrobial activities. A third group of proteins consists of proteases and anti-protease, which could play a crucial role in the control of the biomineralization of the eggshell. Finally, a group of proteins might be involved in proper folding of the eggshell matrix proteins, which is important to ordered mineralization. The transcriptomic approach also allowed the identification of new proteins involved in uterine trans-epithelial ion transports. Their involvement in supplying eggshell precursors was confirmed by comparing their expression with two other tissues (magnum and duodenum), in which calcium and bicarbonate trans-epithelial transfers are weak and strong respectively. This approach allowed the identification of 33 important genes involved in calcium and bicarbonate ions supplies, a prerequisite needed for the eggshell calcification. This work produced a global and coherent description of the mechanisms supplying the mineral for uterine eggshell formation
Souto, Esperanza. "Effet des échanges ioniques sur la stabilité des milieux poreux argileux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_SOUTO_E.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSiroux, Brice. "Interactions dans un système césium, strontium/matière organique naturelle/argiles des sols." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC177/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is part of the DEMETERRES project, which aims to develop new methods and technologies in the field of decontamination and remediation of contaminated soils and effluents after a nuclear accident. The objective of this PhD is to obtain a better knowledge of 137Cs and 90Sr interactions onto agricultural soils and to better predict the chemical state of these elements in soils after a nuclear accident. A database in the multi-sites ion exchanger formalism has been built, reflecting the adsorption behaviours of Cs+ and Sr2+ onto illite and smectite (two major clay minerals) with regards to major environmental cations: i.e. H+, Na+, and Ca2+. It was used to predict the adsorption of Cs+ and Sr2+ onto French agricultural soil samples (Pusignan, Etoile-sur-Rhône and Herqueville). Good simulations of the adsorption of Cs+ and Sr2+ onto Pusignan and Etoile-sur-Rhône are obtained. In the case of Herqueville, the removal of NOM does not improve the agreement between experimental results and simulations, but the removal of exchangeable aluminum allows a better representation of the adsorption results of Sr2+ onto Herqueville, but not for Cs+. This work allows efficiently simulating the adsorption of Cs and Sr onto soils and support decontamination and remediation strategies after a nuclear accident
Sedqui, Abderrahim. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de l'interaction fluide-minéral. Application à l'échange chimique avec transport entre un fluide aqueux et une solution solide à trois pôles." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841388.
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