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Samol, Alexander, Kristina Bischoff, Blerim Luani, Dan Pascut, Marcus Wiemer, and Sven Kaese. "Recording of Bipolar Multichannel ECGs by a Smartwatch: Modern ECG Diagnostic 100 Years after Einthoven." Sensors 19, no. 13 (June 30, 2019): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims: Feasibility study of accurate three lead ECG recording (Einthoven I, II and III) using an Apple Watch Series 4. Methods: In 50 healthy subjects (18 male; age: 40 ± 12 years) without known cardiac disorders, a 12-lead ECG and three bipolar ECGs, corresponding to Einthoven leads I, II and III were recorded using an Apple Watch Series 4. Einthoven I was recorded with the watch on the left wrist and the right index finger on the crown, Einthoven II with the watch on the left lower abdomen and the right index finger on the crown, Eindhoven III with the watch on the left lower abdomen and the left index finger on the crown. Four experienced cardiologists were independently asked to assign the watch ECGs to Einthoven leads from 12-lead ECG for each subject. Results: All watch ECGs showed an adequate signal quality with 134 ECGs of good (89%) and 16 of moderate signal quality (11%). Ninety-one percent of all watch ECGs were assigned correctly to corresponding leads from 12-lead ECG. Thirty-nine subjects (78%) were assigned correctly by all cardiologists. All assignment errors occurred in patients with similar morphologies and amplitudes in at least two of the three recorded leads. Erroneous assignment of all watch ECGs to leads from standard ECG occurred in no patient. Conclusion: Recording of Einthoven leads I-III by a smartwatch is accurate and highly comparable to standard ECG. This might contribute to an earlier detection of cardiac disorders, which are associated with repolarization abnormalities or arrhythmias.
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Randazzo, Vincenzo, Jacopo Ferretti, and Eros Pasero. "Anytime ECG Monitoring through the Use of a Low-Cost, User-Friendly, Wearable Device." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 6036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Every year cardiovascular diseases kill the highest number of people worldwide. Among these, pathologies characterized by sporadic symptoms, such as atrial fibrillation, are difficult to be detected as state-of-the-art solutions, e.g., 12-leads electrocardiogram (ECG) or Holter devices, often fail to tackle these kinds of pathologies. Many portable devices have already been proposed, both in literature and in the market. Unfortunately, they all miss relevant features: they are either not wearable or wireless and their usage over a long-term period is often unsuitable. In addition, the quality of recordings is another key factor to perform reliable diagnosis. The ECG WATCH is a device designed for targeting all these issues. It is inexpensive, wearable (size of a watch), and can be used without the need for any medical expertise about positioning or usage. It is non-invasive, it records single-lead ECG in just 10 s, anytime, anywhere, without the need to physically travel to hospitals or cardiologists. It can acquire any of the three peripheral leads; results can be shared with physicians by simply tapping a smartphone app. The ECG WATCH quality has been tested on 30 people and has successfully compared with an electrocardiograph and an ECG simulator, both certified. The app embeds an algorithm for automatically detecting atrial fibrillation, which has been successfully tested with an official ECG simulator on different severity of atrial fibrillation. In this sense, the ECG WATCH is a promising device for anytime cardiac health monitoring.
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Hirota, Kiichi, and Maretoshi Hirai. "Apple Watch for Pulse Rate Assessment Detects Unidentified Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation." Reports 5, no. 4 (October 7, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reports5040040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Consumer rhythm-monitoring devices, such as the Apple Watch, are becoming more readily available. Irregular pulses can be detected using an optical sensor that is built into the wearable device. The Apple Watch (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) is a class II medical device with pulse rate and electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring capabilities. Here, we report a case in which an arrhythmia that was conventionally perceived but undiagnosed was identified as an atrial fibrillation by the self-acquisition of the ECG data using an Apple Watch.
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Behzadi, Amirali, Alireza Sepehri Shamloo, Konstantinos Mouratis, Gerhard Hindricks, Arash Arya, and Andreas Bollmann. "Feasibility and Reliability of SmartWatch to Obtain 3-Lead Electrocardiogram Recordings." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some of the recently released smartwatch products feature a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording capability. The reliability of obtaining 3-lead ECG with smartwatches is yet to be confirmed in a large study. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of smartwatch to obtain 3-lead ECG recordings, the classical Einthoven ECG leads I-III compared to standard ECG. To record lead I, the watch was worn on the left wrist and the right index finger was placed on the digital crown for 30 s. For lead II, the watch was placed on the lower abdomen and the right index finger was placed on the digital crown for 30 s. For lead III, the same process was repeated with the left index finger. Spearman correlation and Bland-Altman tests were used for data analysis. A total of 300 smartwatch ECG tracings were successfully obtained. ECG waves’ characteristics of all three leads obtained from the smartwatch had a similar duration, amplitude, and polarity compared to standard ECG. The results of this study suggested that the examined smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 4) could obtain 3-lead ECG tracings, including Einthoven leads I, II, and III by placing the smartwatch on the described positions.
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Samol, Alexander, Kristina Bischof, Blerim Luani, Dan Pascut, Marcus Wiemer, and Sven Kaese. "Single-Lead ECG Recordings Including Einthoven and Wilson Leads by a Smartwatch: A New Era of Patient Directed Early ECG Differential Diagnosis of Cardiac Diseases?" Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Smartwatches that are able to record a bipolar ECG and Einthoven leads were recently described. Nevertheless, for detection of ischemia or other cardiac diseases more leads are required, especially Wilson’s chest leads. Objectives: Feasibility study of six single-lead smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 4) ECG recordings including Einthoven (I, II, III) and Wilson-like pseudo-unipolar chest leads (Wr, Wm, Wl). Methods: In 50 healthy subjects (16 males; age: 36 ± 11 years, mean ± SD) without known cardiac disorders, a standard 12-lead ECG and a six single-lead ECG using an Apple Watch Series 4 were performed under resting conditions. Recording of Einthoven I was performed with the watch on the left wrist and the right index finger on the crown, Einthoven II was recorded with the watch on the left lower abdomen and the right index finger on the crown, Einthoven III was recorded with the watch on the left lower abdomen and the left index finger on the crown. Wilson-like chest leads were recorded corresponding to the locations of V1 (Wr), V4 (Wm) and V6 (Wl) in the standard 12-lead ECG. Wr was recorded in the fourth intercostal space right parasternal, Wm was recorded in the fifth intercostal space on the midclavicular line, and Wl was recorded in the fifth intercostal space in left midaxillary line. For all Wilson-like chest lead recordings, the smartwatch was placed on the described three locations on the chest, the right index finger was placed on the crown and the left hand encompassed the right wrist. Both hands and forearms also had contact to the chest. Three experienced cardiologists were independently asked to allocate three bipolar limb smartwatch ECGs to Einthoven I–III leads, and three smartwatch Wilson-like chest ECGs (Wr, Wm, Wl) to V1, V4 and V6 in the standard 12-lead ECG for each subject. Results: All 300 smartwatch ECGs showed a signal quality useable for diagnostics with 281 ECGs of good signal quality (143 limb lead ECGs (95%), 138 chest lead ECGs (92%). Nineteen ECGs had a moderate signal quality (7 limb lead ECGs (5%), 12 chest lead ECGs (8%)). One-hundred percent of all Einthoven and 92% of all Wilson-like smartwatch ECGs were allocated correctly to corresponding leads from 12-lead ECG. Forty-six subjects (92%) were assigned correctly by all cardiologists. Allocation errors were due to similar morphologies and amplitudes in at least two of the three recorded Wilson-like leads. Despite recording with a bipolar smartwatch device, morphology of all six leads was identical to standard 12-lead ECG. In two patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction, all three cardiologists recognized the ST-elevations in Wilson-like leads and assumed an occluded left anterior descending coronary artery correctly. Conclusion: Consecutive recording of six single-lead ECGs including Einthoven and Wilson-like leads by a smartwatch is feasible with good ECG signal quality. Thus, this simulated six-lead smartwatch ECG may be useable for the detection of cardiac diseases necessitating more than one ECG lead like myocardial ischemia or more complex cardia arrhythmias.
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Shumate, Tricia, Magdalen Link, James Furness, Kevin Kemp-Smith, Vini Simas, and Mike Climstein. "Validity of the Polar Vantage M watch when measuring heart rate at different exercise intensities." PeerJ 9 (February 9, 2021): e10893. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10893.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background The use of wrist worn wearable fitness trackers has been growing rapidly over the last decade. The growing popularity can be partly attributed to the improvements in technology, making activity trackers more affordable, comfortable and convenient for use in different fitness and environmental applications. Fitness trackers typically monitor activity level, track steps, distance, heart rate (HR), sleep, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation and more, as the technology continuously is advancing. In terms of measuring HR, photoplethysmography (PPG) is a relatively new technology utilised in wearables. PPG estimates HR through an optical technique that monitors changes in blood volume beneath the skin. With these new products becoming available it is important that the validity of these devices be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Polar Vantage M (PVM) watch to measure HR compared to medical grade ECG on a healthy population during a range of treadmill exercise intensities. Methods A total of 30 healthy participants (n = 17 males, n = 13 females) were recruited for this study. The validity of the PVM watch to measure HR was compared against the gold standard 5-lead ECG. The study was conducted on 2 separate testing days with 24–48 h between sessions. Participants completed the Bruce Treadmill Protocol, and HR was measured every 30 s. Validation of the PVM watch in comparison to the ECG was measured with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) and levels of agreement were identified with Bland–Altman plots with 90% limits of agreement. Linear regression analysis was performed to calculate the value of r2 computing the variation of HR obtained by the PVM watch and ECG. Results In total, 30 participants completed the protocol, with data from 28 participants utilised for statistical analysis (16 males, 14 females, 26.10 ± 3.39 years, height 52.36 m ± 7.40 cm, mass 73.59 ± 11.90 kg). A strong and significant correlation was found between the PVM watch and ECG, demonstrating good criterion validity (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.87). Good validity was seen for day 1 and day 2 for stage 0 (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI [0.63–0.92], ICC = 0.74; 95% CI [0.37–0.88]), stage 1 (ICC = 0.78; 95% CI [0.52–0.90], ICC = 0.88; 95% CI [0.74–0.95]), and stage 2 (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI [0.73–0.94], ICC = 0.80; 95% CI [0.40–0.92]). Poor validity was demonstrated on day 1 and day 2 for stages 3–5 (ICC < 0.50). Conclusion This study revealed that the PVM watch had a strong correlation with the ECG throughout the entire Bruce Protocol, however the level of agreement (LoA) becomes widely dispersed as exercise intensities increased. Due to the large LoA between the ECG and PVM watch, it is not advisable to use this device in clinical populations in which accurate HR measures are essential for patient safety; however, the watch maybe used in settings where less accurate HR is not critical to an individual’s safety while exercising.
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Song, Jinzhong, Tianshu Zhou, Zhonggang Liang, Ruoxi Liu, Jianping Guo, Xinming Yu, Zhongping Cao, Chuang Yu, Qingjun Liu, and Jingsong Li. "Electrochemical Characteristics Based on Skin-Electrode Contact Pressure for Dry Biomedical Electrodes and the Application to Wearable ECG Signal Acquisition." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7741881.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on one simulated skin-electrode electrochemical interface, some electrochemical characteristics based on skin-electrode contact pressure (SECP) for dry biomedical electrodes were analysed and applied in this research. First, 14 electrochemical characteristics including 2 static impedance (SI) characteristics, 11 alternating current impedance (ACI) characteristics and one polarization voltage (PV), and 4 SECP characteristics were extracted in one electrochemical evaluation platform, and their correlation trends were statistically analysed. Second, dry biomedical electrode samples developed by the company and the laboratory, including textile electrodes, Apple watch, AMAZFIT rice health bracelet 1S, and stainless steel electrodes, were placed horizontally and vertically on the “skin” surface of the electrochemical evaluation platform, whose polarization voltages were quantitatively analysed. Third, electrocardiogram (ECG) collection circuits based on an impedance transformation (IT) circuit for textile electrodes were designed, and a wearable ECG acquisition device was designed, which could obtain complete ECG signals. Experimental results showed SECP characteristics for dry electrodes had good correlations with static impedance and ACI characteristics and the better correlation values among 2-10 Hz. In addition, polarization voltages in vertical state were smaller in horizontal state for dry biomedical electrodes, and polarization voltage of electrode pair (PVEP) values for Apple watch bottom was always smaller than ones for Apple watch crown and LMF-2 textile electrode. And the skin-electrode contact impedance of IT textile electrodes was less than the traditional textile electrodes.
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Inui, Tomohiko, Hiroki Kohno, Yohei Kawasaki, Kaoru Matsuura, Hideki Ueda, Yusaku Tamura, Michiko Watanabe, et al. "Use of a Smart Watch for Early Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Validation Study." JMIR Cardio 4, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): e14857. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14857.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Wearable devices with photoplethysmography (PPG) technology can be useful for detecting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), which often goes uncaptured despite being a leading cause of stroke. Objective This study is the first part of a 2-phase study that aimed at developing a method for immediate detection of paroxysmal AF using PPG-integrated wearable devices. In this study, the diagnostic performance of 2 major smart watches, Apple Watch Series 3 and Fitbit (FBT) Charge HR Wireless Activity Wristband, each equipped with a PPG sensor, was compared, and the pulse rate data outputted from those devices were analyzed for precision and accuracy in reference to the heart rate data from electrocardiography (ECG) during AF. Methods A total of 40 subjects from patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a single center between September 2017 and March 2018 were monitored for postoperative AF using telemetric ECG and PPG devices. AF was diagnosed using a 12-lead ECG by qualified physicians. Each subject was given a pair of smart watches, Apple Watch and FBT, for simultaneous pulse rate monitoring. The heart rate of all subjects was also recorded on the telemetry system. Time series pulse rate trends and heart rate trends were created and analyzed for trend pattern similarities. Those trend data were then used to determine the accuracy of PPG-based pulse rate measurements in reference to ECG-based heart rate measurements during AF. Results Of the 20 AF events in group FBT, 6 (30%) showed a moderate or higher correlation (cross-correlation function>0.40) between pulse rate trend patterns and heart rate trend patterns. Of the 16 AF events in group Apple Watch (workout [W] mode), 12 (75%) showed a moderate or higher correlation between the 2 trend patterns. Linear regression analyses also showed a significant correlation between the pulse rates and the heart rates during AF in the subjects with Apple Watch. This correlation was not observed with FBT. The regression formula for Apple Watch W mode and FBT was X=14.203 + 0.841Y and X=58.225 + 0.228Y, respectively (where X denotes the mean of all average pulse rates during AF and Y denotes the mean of all corresponding average heart rates during AF), and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.685 and 0.057, respectively (P<.001 and .29, respectively). Conclusions In this validation study, the detection precision of AF and measurement accuracy during AF were both better with Apple Watch W mode than with FBT.
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Dhruva, Sanket S., Nilay D. Shah, Sreekanth Vemulapalli, Abhishek Deshmukh, Alexis L. Beatty, Ginger M. Gamble, James V. Freeman, et al. "Heart Watch Study: protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e054550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionPersonal digital devices that provide health information, such as the Apple Watch, have developed an increasing array of cardiopulmonary tracking features which have received regulatory clearance and are directly marketed to consumers. Despite their widespread and increasing use, data about the impact of personal digital device use on patient-reported outcomes and healthcare utilisation are sparse. Among a population of patients with atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter undergoing cardioversion, our primary aim is to determine the impact of the heart rate measurement, irregular rhythm notification, and ECG features of the Apple Watch on quality of life and healthcare utilisation.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a prospective, open-label multicentre pragmatic randomised clinical trial, leveraging a unique patient-centred health data sharing platform for enrolment and follow-up. A total of 150 patients undergoing cardioversion for atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter will be randomised 1:1 to receive the Apple Watch Series 6 or Withings Move at the time of cardioversion. The primary outcome is the difference in the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-life global score at 6 months postcardioversion. Secondary outcomes include inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilisation. Additional secondary outcomes include a comparison of the Apple Watch ECG and pulse oximeter features with gold-standard data obtained in routine clinical care settings.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Boards at Yale University, Mayo Clinic, and Duke University Health System have approved the trial protocol. This trial will provide important data to policymakers, clinicians and patients about the impact of the heart rate, irregular rhythm notification, and ECG features of widely used personal digital devices on patient quality of life and healthcare utilisation. Findings will be disseminated to study participants, at professional society meetings and in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04468321
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Sprenger, Nora, Alireza Sepehri Shamloo, Jonathan Schäfer, Sarah Burkhardt, Konstantinos Mouratis, Gerhard Hindricks, Andreas Bollmann, and Arash Arya. "Feasibility and Reliability of Smartwatch to Obtain Precordial Lead Electrocardiogram Recordings." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Apple Watch is capable of recording single-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). To incorporate such devices in routine medical care, the reliability of such devices to obtain precordial leads needs to be validated. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of a smartwatch (SW) to obtain precordial leads compared to standard ECGs. We included 100 participants (62 male, aged 62.8 ± 13.1 years) with sinus rhythm and recorded a standard 12-lead ECG and the precordial leads with the Apple Watch. The ECGs were quantitively compared. A total of 98 patients were able to record precordial leads without assistance. A strong correlation was observed between the amplitude of the standard and SW-ECGs’ waves, in terms of P waves, QRS-complexes, and T waves (all p-values < 0.01). A significant correlation was observed between the two methods regarding the duration of the ECG waves (all p-values < 0.01). Assessment of polarity showed a significant and a strong concordance between the ECGs’ waves in all six leads (91–100%, all p-values < 0.001). In conclusion, 98% of patients were able to record precordial leads using a SW without assistance. The SW is feasible and reliable for obtaining valid precordial-lead ECG recordings as a validated alternative to a standard ECG.
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Lee, Kwonjoon, Kiseok Song, Taehwan Roh, and Hoi-jun Yoo. "A Wrist Watch-type Cardiovascular Monitoring System using Concurrent ECG and APW Measurement." JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science 16, no. 5 (October 30, 2016): 702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/jsts.2016.16.5.702.
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Littell, Lauren, Lisa Roelle, Aarti Dalal, George F. Van Hare, William B. Orr, Nathan Miller, and Jennifer N. Avari Silva. "Assessment of Apple Watch Series 6 pulse oximetry and electrocardiograms in a pediatric population." PLOS Digital Health 1, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): e0000051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Recent technologic advances have resulted in increased development and utilization of direct-to-consumer cardiac wearable devices with various functionality. This study aimed to assess Apple Watch Series 6 (AW6) pulse oximetry and electrocardiography (ECG) in a cohort of pediatric patients. Methods This single-center, prospective study enrolled pediatric patients ≥ 3kg and having an ECG and/or pulse oximetry (SpO2) as part of their planned evaluation. Exclusion criteria: 1) non-English speaking patients and 2) patients in state custody. Simultaneous tracings were obtained for SpO2 and ECG with concurrent standard pulse oximeter and 12-lead ECG. AW6 automated rhythm interpretations were compared to physician over-read and categorized as accurate, accurate with missed findings, inconclusive (automated interpretation: “inconclusive”), or inaccurate. Results A total of 84 patients were enrolled over a 5-week period. 68 patients (81%) were placed into the SpO2 and ECG arm, with 16 patients (19%) placed into the SpO2 only arm. Pulse oximetry data was successfully collected in 71/84 (85%) patients and ECG data in 61/68 (90%). ΔSpO2 between modalities was 2.0±2.6% (r = 0.76). ΔRR was 43±44msec (r = 0.96), ΔPR 19±23msec (r = 0.79), ΔQRS 12±13msec (r = 0.78), and ΔQT 20±19msec (r = 0.9). The AW6 automated rhythm analysis yielded a 75% specificity and found: 1) 40/61 (65.6%) “accurate”, 2) 6/61 (9.8%) “accurate with missed findings”, 3) 14/61 (23%) “inconclusive”, and 4) 1/61 (1.6%) incorrect. Conclusion The AW6 can accurately measure oxygen saturation when compared to hospital pulse oximeters in pediatric patients and provide good quality single lead ECGs that allow for accurate measurement of RR, PR, QRS, and QT intervals with manual interpretation. The AW6-automated rhythm interpretation algorithm has limitations for smaller pediatric patients and patients with abnormal ECGs.
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Hayano, Junichiro, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Izumi Nonaka, Makoto Komazawa, Kenichi Itao, Norihiro Ueda, Haruhito Tanaka, and Emi Yuda. "Quantitative detection of sleep apnea with wearable watch device." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): e0237279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The spread of wearable watch devices with photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors has made it possible to use continuous pulse wave data during daily life. We examined if PPG pulse wave data can be used to detect sleep apnea, a common but underdiagnosed health problem associated with impaired quality of life and increased cardiovascular risk. In 41 patients undergoing diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) for sleep apnea, PPG was recorded simultaneously with a wearable watch device. The pulse interval data were analyzed by an automated algorithm called auto-correlated wave detection with adaptive threshold (ACAT) which was developed for electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect the cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR), a characteristic heart rate pattern accompanying sleep apnea episodes. The median (IQR) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 17.2 (4.4–28.4) and 22 (54%) subjects had AHI ≥15. The hourly frequency of CVHR (Fcv) detected by the ACAT algorithm closely correlated with AHI (r = 0.81), while none of the time-domain, frequency-domain, or non-linear indices of pulse interval variability showed significant correlation. The Fcv was greater in subjects with AHI ≥15 (19.6 ± 12.3 /h) than in those with AHI <15 (6.4 ± 4.6 /h), and was able to discriminate them with 82% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and 85% accuracy. The classification performance was comparable to that obtained when the ACAT algorithm was applied to ECG R-R intervals during the PSG. The analysis of wearable watch PPG by the ACAT algorithm could be used for the quantitative screening of sleep apnea.
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Cosoli, Gloria, Luca Antognoli, and Lorenzo Scalise. "Wearable Electrocardiography for Physical Activity Monitoring: Definition of Validation Protocol and Automatic Classification." Biosensors 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wearable devices are rapidly spreading thanks to multiple advantages. Their use is expanding in several fields, from medicine to personal assessment and sport applications. At present, more and more wearable devices acquire an electrocardiographic (ECG) signal (in correspondence to the wrist), providing potentially useful information from a diagnostic point of view, particularly in sport medicine and in rehabilitation fields. They are remarkably relevant, being perceived as a common watch and, hence, considered neither intrusive nor a cause of the so-called “white coat effect”. Their validation and metrological characterization are fundamental; hence, this work aims at defining a validation protocol tested on a commercial smartwatch (Samsung Galaxy Watch3, Samsung Electronics Italia S.p.A., Milan, Italy) with respect to a gold standard device (Zephyr BioHarness 3.0, Zephyr Technology Corporation, Annapolis, MD, USA, accuracy of ±1 bpm), reporting results on 30 subjects. The metrological performance is provided, supporting final users to properly interpret the results. Moreover, machine learning and deep learning models are used to discriminate between resting and activity-related ECG signals. The results confirm the possibility of using heart rate data from wearable sensors for activity identification (best results obtained by Random Forest, with accuracy of 0.81, recall of 0.80, and precision of 0.81, even using ECG signals of limited duration, i.e., 30 s). Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed validation protocol to evaluate measurement accuracy and precision in a wide measurement range is verified. A bias of −1 bpm and an experimental standard deviation of 11 bpm (corresponding to an experimental standard deviation of the mean of ≈0 bpm) were found for the Samsung Galaxy Watch3, indicating a good performance from a metrological point of view.
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Saghir, Nabeel, Arjun Aggarwal, Nisha Soneji, Victoria Valencia, George Rodgers, and Thomas Kurian. "A comparison of manual electrocardiographic interval and waveform analysis in lead 1 of 12-lead ECG and Apple Watch ECG: A validation study." Cardiovascular Digital Health Journal 1, no. 1 (July 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.07.002.
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Saghir, Nabeel, Arjun Aggarwal, Nishita Soneji, Victoria Valencia, George Rodgers, and Thomas Kurian. "APPLE WATCH SERIES 4 VS. 12-LEAD ECG: A COMPARISON OF MANUAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC WAVEFORM ANALYSIS." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 75, no. 11 (March 2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31005-6.
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Kozieł, Paweł, Maria Grodkiewicz, Klaudia Artykiewicz, Kamila Gorczyca, Marcin Czarkowski, Aleksandra Słupczyńska, Weronika Urbaś, Klaudia Podgórska, Aleksandra Puła, and Urszula Krzysiek. "Does the watch can detect cardiac arrhythmias?" Journal of Education, Health and Sport 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.13.02.042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction and purpose:The prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in the population is not exactly known. Since cardiac arrhythmias are often episodic, they cannot be detected by conventional methods such as electrocardiography (ECG), which takes only a few seconds to record. The purpose of this review is to analyze the latest information regarding the use of smart watches to detect cardiac arrhythmias.Material and methods:This review is based on available data collected in the PubMed database published between 2015 and 2022. The search was performed by browsing keywords such as: "smartwatch", "cardiac arrhythmia", "mHealth", "screening", "wearable devices".Results: The results suggest that the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) using commercially available smartwatches shows very high diagnostic accuracy. Accuracy in smartwatch arrhythmia detection demonstrated a cumulative sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 1.00-1.00) in 16 studies with 5,050 participants. Sensitivity ranged from 25% (95% CI 0.14-0.36) to 100% (95% CI 1.00-1.00), specificity ranged from 68% (95% CI 0.65 -0.70) to 100% (95% Cl 1.00-1.00). Insufficient quality of the PPG signal resulted in the exclusion of some data in many studies. The analyzes showed no difference in diagnostic accuracy between photoplethysmography (PPG) and single-lead electrocardiography used in these devices.Conclusions: The prevalence of arrhythmias in the form of atrial fibrillation and other forms of arrhythmia in the middle-aged and older population is significant. This review highlights the increasing role of electronic devices in the detection of cardiac arrhythmias. Smartwatches show promising accuracy in detecting arrhythmias, but more research is needed to make this method of arrhythmia recognition a common screening method.
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Myers, Patrick. "ECG intégré à l’Apple Watch 4 : le Big Data au secours du dépistage de la fibrillation auriculaire ?" Revue Médicale Suisse 15, no. 644 (2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2019.15.644.0693.
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Strik, Marc, Théo Caillol, F. Daniel Ramirez, Saer Abu-Alrub, Hugo Marchand, Nicolas Welte, Philippe Ritter, Michel Haïssaguerre, Sylvain Ploux, and Pierre Bordachar. "Validating QT-Interval Measurement Using the Apple Watch ECG to Enable Remote Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Circulation 142, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.048253.
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van der Zande, Joske, Marc Strik, Rémi Dubois, Sylvain Ploux, Saer Abu Alrub, Théo Caillol, Mathieu Nasarre, Dirk W. Donker, Eline Oppersma, and Pierre Bordachar. "Using a Smartwatch to Record Precordial Electrocardiograms: A Validation Study." Sensors 23, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smartwatches that support the recording of a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) are increasingly being used beyond the wrist, by placement on the ankle and on the chest. However, the reliability of frontal and precordial ECGs other than lead I is unknown. This clinical validation study assessed the reliability of an Apple Watch (AW) to obtain conventional frontal and precordial leads as compared to standard 12-lead ECGs in both subjects without known cardiac anomalies and patients with underlying heart disease. In 200 subjects (67% with ECG anomalies), a standard 12-lead ECG was performed, followed by AW recordings of the standard Einthoven leads (leads I, II, and III) and precordial leads V1, V3, and V6. Seven parameters (P, QRS, ST, and T-wave amplitudes, PR, QRS, and QT intervals) were compared through a Bland–Altman analysis, including the bias, absolute offset, and 95% limits of agreement. AW-ECGs recorded on the wrist but also beyond the wrist had similar durations and amplitudes compared to standard 12-lead ECGs. Significantly greater amplitudes were measured by the AW for R-waves in precordial leads V1, V3, and V6 (+0.094 mV, +0.149 mV, +0.129 mV, respectively, all p < 0.001), indicating a positive bias for the AW. AW can be used to record frontal, and precordial ECG leads, paving the way for broader clinical applications.
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Xiao, Ran, Cheng Ding, and Xiao Hu. "Time Synchronization of Multimodal Physiological Signals through Alignment of Common Signal Types and Its Technical Considerations in Digital Health." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8050120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Despite advancements in digital health, it remains challenging to obtain precise time synchronization of multimodal physiological signals collected through different devices. Existing algorithms mainly rely on specific physiological features that restrict the use cases to certain signal types. The present study aims to complement previous algorithms and solve a niche time alignment problem when a common signal type is available across different devices. Methods: We proposed a simple time alignment approach based on the direct cross-correlation of temporal amplitudes, making it agnostic and thus generalizable to different signal types. The approach was tested on a public electrocardiographic (ECG) dataset to simulate the synchronization of signals collected from an ECG watch and an ECG patch. The algorithm was evaluated considering key practical factors, including sample durations, signal quality index (SQI), resilience to noise, and varying sampling rates. Results: The proposed approach requires a short sample duration (30 s) to operate, and demonstrates stable performance across varying sampling rates and resilience to common noise. The lowest synchronization delay achieved by the algorithm is 0.13 s with the integration of SQI thresholding. Conclusions: Our findings help improve the time alignment of multimodal signals in digital health and advance healthcare toward precise remote monitoring and disease prevention.
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Szu, Harold, Charles Hsu, Gyu Moon, Joseph Landa, Hiroshi Nakajima, and Yutaka Hata. "Smartphone Homecare Monitoring of Hearts." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/983515.
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Homecare monitoring blood pressures and heartbeats are commercially available using dedicated devices, for example, wrist watch, pulse oximetry. With the advent of Smartphone and compressive sensing technology, we wish to monitor precisely the electrical waveforms of heartbeats called the electrocardiography (ECG) for an aging global villager biomedical wellness homecare system. Our design separates into 3 innovative modules within the size-weight and power-cost bandwidth (Swap-CB) limitation. We develop each separately but in concert with one another: (i) Smart Electrode (adopting a low-power-mixed signal embedded with modern compressive sensing firmware and applying the nanotechnology to improve the electrodes’ contact impedance as well as novel transduction mechanism, between ECG and electronics, e.g., a pressure mattress coupling, or fiber-optics coupling); (ii) Learnable Database (utilizing adaptive wavelets transforms for systolic and diastolic P-QRS-T-U features extraction Aided Target Recognition and adopting Sequential Query Language for a relational database allowing distant monitoring and retrievable); (iii) Smartphone (inheriting a large touch screen interface display with powerful computation capability and assisting caretaker reporting system with GPS and ID and two-way interaction with patient panic button for programmable emergence reporting procedure). While (i) is novel, (ii) and (iii) are mature. Together, they can eventually provide a supplementary home screening system for the post- or the prediagnosis care at home with a built-in database searchable with the time, the place, and the degree of urgency happened, using in situ screening.
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Thabouillot, Oscar, Kevin Bostanci, Francois Bouvier, Nicolae Dumitrescu, Maria Stéfuriac, Philippe Paule, and Nicolas-Charles Roche. "Syncope During Competitive Events: Interrogating Heart Rate Monitor Watches May Be Useful!" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 6 (August 15, 2017): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006896.
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AbstractThis is a case report of a 45-year-old man who reported complete amnesia during the very first kilometer of a 10-km run. He was wearing a heart rate monitor (HRM). The interrogation of his HRM watch showed 200 bpm tachycardia beginning in the first kilometer and increasing up to 220 bpm during the last kilometer. The patient was asked to wear a Holter-monitor (Holter Research Laboratory; Helena, Montana USA) electrocardiogram (ECG) while practicing a training session. This examination allowed for the diagnosis of an adrenergic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) with an impressive auriculo-ventricular conduction over 260 bpm. This case highlights that non-medical devices, such as connected watches, can be helpful to diagnose arrhythmias.ThabouillotO, BostanciK, BouvierF, DumitrescuN, StéfuriacM, PauleP, RocheNC. Syncope during competitive events: interrogating heart rate monitor watches may be useful!Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):691–693
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Martín-Escudero, Pilar, Ana María Cabanas, María Luisa Dotor-Castilla, Mercedes Galindo-Canales, Francisco Miguel-Tobal, Cristina Fernández-Pérez, Manuel Fuentes-Ferrer, and Romano Giannetti. "Are Activity Wrist-Worn Devices Accurate for Determining Heart Rate during Intense Exercise?" Bioengineering 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The market for wrist-worn devices is growing at previously unheard-of speeds. A consequence of their fast commercialization is a lack of adequate studies testing their accuracy on varied populations and pursuits. To provide an understanding of wearable sensors for sports medicine, the present study examined heart rate (HR) measurements of four popular wrist-worn devices, the (Fitbit Charge (FB), Apple Watch (AW), Tomtom runner Cardio (TT), and Samsung G2 (G2)), and compared them with gold standard measurements derived by continuous electrocardiogram examination (ECG). Eight athletes participated in a comparative study undergoing maximal stress testing on a cycle ergometer or a treadmill. We analyzed 1,286 simultaneous HR data pairs between the tested devices and the ECG. The four devices were reasonably accurate at the lowest activity level. However, at higher levels of exercise intensity the FB and G2 tended to underestimate HR values during intense physical effort, while the TT and AW devices were fairly reliable. Our results suggest that HR estimations should be considered cautiously at specific intensities. Indeed, an effective intervention is required to register accurate HR readings at high-intensity levels (above 150 bpm). It is important to consider that even though none of these devices are certified or sold as medical or safety devices, researchers must nonetheless evaluate wrist-worn wearable technology in order to fully understand how HR affects psychological and physical health, especially under conditions of more intense exercise.
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Climstein, Mike, Jessica L. Alder, Alyce M. Brooker, Elissa J. Cartwright, Kevin Kemp-Smith, Vini Simas, and James Furness. "Reliability of the Polar Vantage M Sports Watch when Measuring Heart Rate at Different Treadmill Exercise Intensities." Sports 8, no. 9 (August 23, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8090117.
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Background: Usage of wrist-worn activity monitors has rapidly increased in recent years, and these devices are being used by both fitness enthusiasts and in clinical populations. We, therefore, assessed the test–retest reliability of the Polar Vantage M (PVM) watch when measuring heart rate (HR) during various treadmill exercise intensities. Methods: HR was measured every 30 s (simultaneous electrocardiography (ECG) and PVM). Test–retest reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest real difference (SRD) were used to determine measurement variability. Results: A total of 29 participants completed the trials. ICC values for PVM during stages 1, 2 and 5 demonstrated good to excellent test–retest reliability (0.78, 0.78 and 0.92; 95% CI (0.54–0.90, 0.54–0.9, 0.79–0.97)). For PVM during stages 0 (rest), 3 and 4, the ICC values indicated poor to good reliability (0.42, 0.68 and 0.58; 95% CI (−0.27–0.73, 0.32–0.85, 0.14–0.80)). Conclusion: This study identified that the test–retest reliability of the PVM was comparable at low and high exercise intensities; however, it revealed a poor to good test–retest reliability at moderate intensities. The PVM should not be used in a clinical setting where monitoring of an accurate HR is crucial to the patients’ safety.
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Palà, Elena, Alejandro Bustamante, Josep Lluis Clúa-Espuny, Juan Acosta, Felipe González-Loyola, Sara Dos Santos, Domingo Ribas-Segui, et al. "Blood-biomarkers and devices for atrial fibrillation screening: Lessons learned from the AFRICAT (Atrial Fibrillation Research In CATalonia) study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 23, 2022): e0273571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273571.
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Background and objective AFRICAT is a prospective cohort study intending to develop an atrial fibrillation (AF) screening program through the combination of blood markers, rhythm detection devices, and long-term monitoring in our community. In particular, we aimed to validate the use of NT-proBNP, and identify new blood biomarkers associated with AF. Also, we aimed to compare AF detection using various wearables and long-term Holter monitoring. Methods 359 subjects aged 65–75 years with hypertension and diabetes were included in two phases: Phase I (n = 100) and Phase II (n = 259). AF diagnosis was performed by baseline 12-lead ECG, 4 weeks of Holter monitoring (NuuboTM), and/or medical history. An aptamer array including 1310 proteins was measured in the blood of 26 patients. Candidates were selected according to p-value, logFC and biological function to be tested in verification and validation phases. Several screening devices were tested and compared: AliveCor, Watch BP, MyDiagnostick and Fibricheck. Results AF was present in 34 subjects (9.47%). The aptamer array revealed 41 proteins with differential expression in AF individuals. TIMP-2 and ST-2 were the most promising candidates in the verification analysis, but none of them was further validated. NT-proBNP (log-transformed) (OR = 1.934; p<0.001) was the only independent biomarker to detect AF in the whole cohort. Compared to an ECG, WatchBP had the highest sensitivity (84.6%) and AUC (0.895 [0.780–1]), while MyDiagnostick showed the highest specificity (97.10%). Conclusion The inclusion and monitoring of a cohort of primary care patients for AF detection, together with the testing of biomarkers and screening devices provided useful lessons about AF screening in our community. An AF screening strategy using rhythm detection devices and short monitoring periods among high-risk patients with high NT-proBNP levels could be feasible.
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Anna Abad Torrent and Helena Benito Naverac. "Detección automática de la Fibrilación Auricular a través de un Smartwatch." Revista Electrónica AnestesiaR 11, no. 4 (May 2, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.30445/rear.v11i4.759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La fibrilación auricular es la arritmia cardiaca más frecuente en la práctica clínica. La prevalencia se sitúa en torno al 0,4 - 1 % de la población general. Aumenta con la edad, llegando hasta el 8% a partir de los 80 años. Esta arritmia es la principal causa a nivel mundial de accidente cerebrovascular (20-30% de los casos son debidos a la fibrilación auricular), insuficiencia cardíaca o muerte súbita. Muchas veces , es clínicamente silente o se manifiesta con síntomas vagos como las palpitaciones, que pueden atribuirse erróneamente a ansiedad y retrasar el diagnóstico. La instauración temprana de anticoagulación (en determinados casos) reduce, de forma significativa la incidencia de fenómenos tromboembólicos. ABSTRACT Automatic detection of atrial fibrillation using a Smartwatch Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. The prevalence is around 0.4 — 1% of the general population. It increases with age, reaching up to 8% from 80 years. In cardiology, the standard for the diagnosis of a cardiac arrhythmia is based on the performance of an electrocardiogram (ECG). From the monitoring of KardiaBand ™ and SmartRhythm ™, AliveCor launches the first platform for Apple Watch series 4, which combines an electrocardiography device approved by the FDA and certain analysis algorithms with artificial intelligence models, which help to detect the atrial fibrillation.
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Biersteker, Tom E., Mark J. Boogers, Robert AF de Lind van Wijngaarden, Rolf HH Groenwold, Serge A. Trines, Anouk P. van Alem, Charles JHJ Kirchhof, et al. "Use of Smart Technology for the Early Diagnosis of Complications After Cardiac Surgery: The Box 2.0 Study Protocol." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): e16326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF), sternal wound infection, and cardiac decompensation are complications that can occur after cardiac surgery. Early detection of these complications is clinically relevant, as early treatment is associated with better clinical outcomes. Remote monitoring with the use of a smartphone (mobile health [mHealth]) might improve the early detection of complications after cardiac surgery. Objective The primary aim of this study is to compare the detection rate of AF diagnosed with an mHealth solution to the detection rate of AF diagnosed with standard care. Secondary objectives include detection of sternal wound infection and cardiac decompensation, as well as assessment of quality of life, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Methods The Box 2.0 is a study with a prospective intervention group and a historical control group for comparison. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery at Leiden University Medical Center are eligible for enrollment. In this study, 365 historical patients will be used as controls and 365 other participants will be asked to receive either The Box 2.0 intervention consisting of seven home measurement devices along with a video consultation 2 weeks after discharge or standard cardiac care for 3 months. Patient information will be analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The Box 2.0 devices include a blood pressure monitor, thermometer, weight scale, step count watch, single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) device, 12-lead ECG device, and pulse oximeter. Results The study started in November 2018. The primary outcome of this study is the detection rate of AF in both groups. Quality of life is measured with the five-level EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Cost-effectiveness is calculated from a society perspective using prices from Dutch costing guidelines and quality of life data from the study. In the historical cohort, 93.9% (336/358) completed the EQ-5D-5L and patient satisfaction questionnaires 3 months after cardiac surgery. Conclusions The rationale and design of a study to investigate mHealth devices in postoperative cardiac surgery patients are presented. The first results are expected in September 2020. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03690492; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03690492 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16326
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Saner, Reg. "The Very Wonderful Watch and Adam's Needful Navel." Ecotone 4, no. 1-2 (2008): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2008.0039.
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Svetnik, V., T. Wang, P. Ceesay, E. Snyder, O. Ceren, D. Bliwise, K. Budd, et al. "0488 Pilot Evaluation of an Actigraphy Watch Compared to Polysomnography in a Clinical Trial of Suvorexant for Treating Insomnia in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.485.
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Abstract Introduction Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, improved total sleep time (TST) in a sleep laboratory polysomnography (PSG) study of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and insomnia. The study included a pilot evaluation of an actigraphy watch for continuously recording patient’s sleep and daytime activity. We report on the utility of the watch for assessing sleep in relation to gold-standard PSG. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, 4-week trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02750306). Participants who met diagnostic criteria for both probable AD dementia and insomnia were randomized to suvorexant 10-20mg or placebo. Overnight sleep laboratory PSG was performed on 3 nights: screening, baseline, and Night-29 (last dose). An actigraphy watch (Garmin vívosmart® HR) was worn continuously by the patient. Separate analyses were performed for PSG and watch. We compared treatment effects on change-from-baseline in PSG-TST at Night-29 and WATCH-TST at Week-4 (average TST per night over Week-4). We also analyzed Night-29 data only with watch data restricted to the PSG recording time. Results A total of 274 participants were included in the Night-29 PSG analysis (suvorexant=135, placebo=139) and 223 in the Week-4 watch analysis (suvorexant=113, placebo=110). Suvorexant improved Night-29 PSG-TST by 28 minutes versus placebo (p=0.001) and Week-4 WATCH-TST by 17 minutes versus placebo (p=0.144). In the subgroup who had usable data for both assessments at Night-29 (suvorexant=57, placebo=50), the watch overestimated TST compared to PSG (e.g. placebo baseline scores = 412 minutes for WATCH-TST and 265 minutes for PSG-TST) and underestimated change-from-baseline treatment effects: the suvorexant versus placebo difference was 35 minutes for PSG-TST (p=0.057) and 20 minutes for WATCH-TST (p=0.405). Conclusion The watch was less sensitive than PSG for evaluating treatment effects on TST. However, results obtained with the watch were directionally similar to PSG in indicating a benefit of suvorexant versus placebo for improving TST in AD patients with insomnia. Support Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Robson, Rani. "Who should pay for reviewing the ECGs from the Apple Watch 4 series?" British Journal of General Practice 69, no. 684 (June 27, 2019): 333.1–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x704249.
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Peterson, Rachel L., Kim Shea, Kayla Luque, Jessica Powell, Jian Liu, and Janice crist. "TIPPING POINTS PILOT STUDY: WEARABLE DEVICES AND ALGORITHMS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S597—S598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2219.
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Abstract Little is known about the use and acceptability of fitness watches (e.g. Fitbit) by diverse older adults, or how data from affordable (<$40) devices could be triangulated with self-report data to predict adverse health outcomes. We investigated interest and acceptability of fitness watch technology among Mexican American older adults via a week-long trial. Participants were asked to consistently wear the watches and complete daily diaries of activity, questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview. The watch data was triangulated with data from the daily diaries and questionnaires to validate its usefulness in developing algorithms that could detect important physiological transitions that lead to tipping points. Interview data was qualitatively analyzed and coded for barriers and facilitators of watch use and acceptability. Preliminary results suggest that participants are eager and willing to wear a fitness device. Participants reported interest in monitoring their health and using the device to track and improve physical activity.
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Dupont, Sam, Gregory Puncher, and Piero Calosi. "Bird is the word – on the importance of ethical and effective scientific communication." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 5 (March 13, 2015): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000193.
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Back in 1963, the proto-punk band The Trashmen released the single Surfin’ bird (written by Frazier, White, Harris & Wilson Jr. and released in November 1963 by Garrett label; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZThquH5t0ow). Fifty years later and despite the obscure lyrics, the song remains iconic in western pop culture; e.g. through the recurrent appearance in the TV show Family Guy (e.g. I dream of Jesus episode, released on 5 October 2008; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WNrx2jq184). It is thought that the line ‘everybody knows that the bird is the word’ was inspired by a highly successful and catchy radio jingle released/commissioned in post prohibitionist USA by the Gallo brothers to boost the sales of their inexpensive fortified Thunderbird wine: ‘What's the word? Thunderbird’ (http://www.absurdintellectual.com/2009/06/05/everybodys-heard-that-the-bird-is-the-word-but-its-not-what-they-think/). This illustrates how a simple and catchy message can have a profound and long-lasting influence on society.
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Heinemann, Friedrich, and Katrin Ullrich. "Does it Pay to Watch Central Bankers’ Lips? The Information Content of ECB Wording." Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 143, no. 2 (April 2007): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03399237.
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Weedon, G. P., S. Gomes, P. Viterbo, W. J. Shuttleworth, E. Blyth, H. Österle, J. C. Adam, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher, and M. Best. "Creation of the WATCH Forcing Data and Its Use to Assess Global and Regional Reference Crop Evaporation over Land during the Twentieth Century." Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 823–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jhm1369.1.
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Abstract The Water and Global Change (WATCH) project evaluation of the terrestrial water cycle involves using land surface models and general hydrological models to assess hydrologically important variables including evaporation, soil moisture, and runoff. Such models require meteorological forcing data, and this paper describes the creation of the WATCH Forcing Data for 1958–2001 based on the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and for 1901–57 based on reordered reanalysis data. It also discusses and analyses model-independent estimates of reference crop evaporation. Global average annual cumulative reference crop evaporation was selected as a widely adopted measure of potential evapotranspiration. It exhibits no significant trend from 1979 to 2001 although there are significant long-term increases in global average vapor pressure deficit and concurrent significant decreases in global average net radiation and wind speed. The near-constant global average of annual reference crop evaporation in the late twentieth century masks significant decreases in some regions (e.g., the Murray–Darling basin) with significant increases in others.
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Atlas, Astrid, Marama Muru-Lanning, Simon Moyes, Ngaire Kerse, and Santosh Jatrana. "Cell phone and technology use by octogenarians." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19042.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONMany countries, including New Zealand, have an aging population and new technologies such as cell phones may be useful for older people. AIMTo examine cell phone and technology use by octogenarians. METHODSTe Puawaitanga O Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu- Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study In New Zealand (LILACs NZ) cohort study data of Māori (aged 80–90 years, 11-year age band) and non-Māori (aged 85 years, 1-year age band) followed for 3 years was used to describe the prevalence among study participants of the use of the internet, cell phones and watching pay-per-view television. Association of these activities with living arrangement, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive respiratory disease and participants’ cognition were examined. RESULTSTechnology use was relatively low among study octogenarians. Fewer Māori used cell phones and the internet (16% and 6%) than non-Māori (30% and 19%). Māori participants supported only by a pension were less likely to use cell phones than Māori with more income. More men watched pay-per-view television (e.g. SKY) than women. Living alone and having chronic lung disease were associated with not watching pay-per-view television. Participants who used the internet had higher cognition scores than others. Non-Māori women were less likely to watch pay-per-view television and non-Māori on a pension only were less likely to watch pay-per-view television than people on a higher income. Participants who lived alone were less likely to watch pay-per-view. CONCLUSIONRelatively low use of technology may limit potential for health technology innovation for people of advanced age. Socioeconomic and ethnic disparities will amplify this.
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Papadamou, Kostantinos, Savvas Zannettou, Jeremy Blackburn, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Gianluca Stringhini, and Michael Sirivianos. "“It Is Just a Flu”: Assessing the Effect of Watch History on YouTube’s Pseudoscientific Video Recommendations." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 16 (May 31, 2022): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19329.
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The role played by YouTube's recommendation algorithm in unwittingly promoting misinformation and conspiracy theories is not entirely understood. Yet, this can have dire real-world consequences, especially when pseudoscientific content is promoted to users at critical times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we set out to characterize and detect pseudoscientific misinformation on YouTube. We collect 6.6K videos related to COVID-19, the Flat Earth theory, as well as the anti-vaccination and anti-mask movements. Using crowdsourcing, we annotate them as pseudoscience, legitimate science, or irrelevant and train a deep learning classifier to detect pseudoscientific videos with an accuracy of 0.79. We quantify user exposure to this content on various parts of the platform and how this exposure changes based on the user's watch history. We find that YouTube suggests more pseudoscientific content regarding traditional pseudoscientific topics (e.g., flat earth, anti-vaccination) than for emerging ones (like COVID-19). At the same time, these recommendations are more common on the search results page than on a user's homepage or in the recommendation section when actively watching videos. Finally, we shed light on how a user's watch history substantially affects the type of recommended videos.
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Gampell, Anthony Viennaminovich, and JC Gaillard. "Stop Disasters 2.0: Video Games as Tools for Disaster Risk Reduction." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 34, no. 2 (August 2016): 283–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701603400205.
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Increasingly, international organisations (e.g. UNESCO, UNISDR), governments (e.g. Canada), and non-government organisations (NGOs) (e.g. Save the Children, Christian Aid) and researchers use video games to raise disaster and disaster risk reduction (DRR) awareness. Yet, there is a paucity of studies on these games in the disaster literature. This article presents a typology specifically designed to deconstruct both disaster awareness building and mainstream disaster orientated video games, identifying how games like Stop Disasters, Disaster Watch, Inside Haiti, Earthquake Response, Fallout and SimCity instil disaster awareness, portray hazards, vulnerabilities, capacities, disasters and DRR. The article also touches upon ideas of game content, player motivation, skill building and social interaction in the context of disaster themed video games. The findings suggest video games have the potential to be positive tools to reinforce messages surrounding DRR, though further research is necessary. This article sets an agenda for future research.
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Kern, Katharina. "New Standards for the Chemical Quality of Water in Europe under the New Directive 2013/39/EU." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 11, no. 1 (2014): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01101002.
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Directive 2013/39/EU amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy was adopted on 12 August 2013. It revises crucial rules on determining the chemical quality of surface water in Europe (e.g. identification of new harmful substances, updating of environmental quality standards, introduction of a new “watch list” mechanism) and establishes new standards for the protection of water in Europe. This paper explores the legal and factual background to the new legislation on protecting water quality in Europe and takes a critical look at its most important provisions.
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LEONARD, LAURENCE B., MARC E. FEY, PATRICIA DEEVY, and SHELLEY L. BREDIN-OJA. "Input sources of third person singular -s inconsistency in children with and without specific language impairment." Journal of Child Language 42, no. 4 (July 30, 2014): 786–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000914000397.
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ABSTRACTWe tested four predictions based on the assumption that optional infinitives can be attributed to properties of the input whereby children inappropriately extract non-finite subject–verb sequences (e.g. the girl run) from larger input utterances (e.g. Does the girl run? Let's watch the girl run). Thirty children with specific language impairment (SLI) and thirty typically developing children heard novel and familiar verbs that appeared exclusively either in utterances containing non-finite subject–verb sequences or in simple sentences with the verb inflected for third person singular -s. Subsequent testing showed strong input effects, especially for the SLI group. The results provide support for input-based factors as significant contributors not only to the optional infinitive period in typical development, but also to the especially protracted optional infinitive period seen in SLI.
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Braun, Ashlea, Joshua D. Hawley, and Jennifer A. Garner. "Maintaining School Foodservice Operations in Ohio during COVID-19: “This [Was] Not the Time to Sit Back and Watch”." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 5991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105991.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The COVID-19-related lockdowns led to school closures across the United States, cutting off critical resources for nutritious food. Foodservice employees emerged as frontline workers; understanding their experiences is critical to generate innovations for program operations and viability. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to characterize COVID-19-related foodservice adaptations for summer and school year meal provision. Public school district foodservice administrators across Ohio were surveyed in December 2020. Questions related to meal provision before, during, and after COVID-19-related school closures. Results indicate the majority of districts continued providing meals upon their closure in Spring 2020 (n = 182, 87.1%); fewer did so in Summer (n = 88, 42.1%) and Fall (n = 32, 15.3%). In Spring and Summer, most districts that offered meals functioned as ‘open sites’ (67.0% and 87.5%, respectively), not limiting food receipt to district-affiliated students. Most districts employed a pick-up system for food distribution (76–84% across seasons), though some used a combination of approaches or changed their approach within-season. Qualitatively, districts reported both “successes” (e.g., supporting students) and “challenges” (e.g., supply chain). Despite being ill-prepared, districts responded quickly and flexibly to demands of the pandemic. This analysis provides insight for future practice (e.g., establishing community partnerships) and policy (e.g., bolstering local food systems).
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Bíró, Szilárd, István Benedek, Árpád Bzduch, Johanna Sándor-Kéri, Erzsébet Lázár, and István Benedek. "Watch and Wait – Actualities in the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 2, s4 (December 1, 2017): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jim-2017-0097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn Western countries, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most diagnosed leukemia types among elderly patients. CLL is described as an indolent lymphoproliferative disorder, characterized by the presence of a high number of small, mature B-cells in the peripheral blood smear, with a particular immunophenotype (CD5, CD19, CD23 positive and CD20 dim positive) and accumulation in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue (e.g., lymph nodes, spleen). The experience of the past decades showed that CLL is clinically very heterogeneous; while some patients present a chronic clinical evolution, with a prolonged survival, in which the treatment can be delayed, others suffer from a more aggressive form, which must be treated early and is associated with many relapses. This observation led to several genomic studies that have mapped the genetic modifications involved in the disease conformations, including del(13q14), del(11q), or trisomy 12. On the other hand, certain genetic mutations such as del(17p13)–p53, NOTCH1 mutation, or ZAP70/CD38 increased expression are associated with worse clinical outcome. In order to apply the right treatment strategy, the RAI and BINET staging systems should be considered, which are based on clinical and laboratory assessment, on genetic mutations that may influence the resistance to chemotherapy, as well as the patient’s age and comorbidities. The aim of this manuscript was to present the therapeutic approaches of CLL, in order to attempt to answer the following question: to treat, or not to treat? This clinical update focuses on the managements of CLL patients in the 21st century.
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Fingerman, Karen, Crystal L. Ng, Meng L. Huo, and Shiyang L. Zhang. "MULTIPLE METHODS OF ASSESSING DAILY MEDIA USE IN LATE LIFE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S411—S412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1532.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Television viewing is a risk factor for obesity and poor physical health. By contrast, close ties to family and friends in late life are often beneficial. This study examined associations between social engagement and television viewing. Participants (N = 313) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study completed an initial interview about their social partners and participated in a 5 to 6 day intensive data collection including Ecological Momentary Assessments about their social contact and activities every 3 hours. Participants also wore Electronically Activated Recorders (EAR) which captured snippets of sound in the environment. Multilevel models using self report and EAR data revealed that participants were more likely to watch TV when they were with close family members (e.g., spouse, grown children) than with friends or acquaintances. Findings from these multiple methods suggest that close family may encourage risks (e.g., sedentary behaviors) as well as benefits in late life.
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Paech, Christian, Maria Kobel, Anna Michaelis, Roman Antonin Gebauer, Philipp Kalden, Ingo Dähnert, Ulrich Thome, Franziska Markel, and Sebastian Rützel. "Accuracy of the Apple Watch single-lead ECG recordings in pre-term neonates." Cardiology in the Young, December 6, 2021, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951121004765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction: Telemedicine gained an increasing use throughout the last years. Lifestyle tools like the Apple watch seem to have an increasing spread even in remote areas and underdeveloped regions. The increasing availability of these tools offers the chance to use the health care functions of these devices to improve provision of professional medical care. First data on the use of the Apple Watch as a remote monitoring device in children have been reported, showing good acceptability and usability of the Apple Watch for symptom monitoring in children. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Apple Watch iECG in comparison to a standard 12-lead ECG in pre-term babies. Methods: In this prospective, single-arm study, consecutive preterm neonates hospitalised in Leipzig University Hospital neonatal ICU were eligible. A 12-lead ECG and an iECG using Apple Watch 4 were performed. iECG and 12-lead ECG measurements were performed by a paediatric cardiologist. Cardiac rhythm was classified and amplitudes and timing intervals were analysed for comparability. Results: Fifty preterm neonates, gestational week (23–36 weeks), and body weight (0.65–3.09 kg) were enrolled. Overall good quality and excellent correlation of the Apple Watch generated iECG in comparison to the standard 12-lead ECG could be demonstrated (p < 0.001). When interpreted by a paediatric cardiologist, a correct rhythm classification could be done in 100% of cases. Conclusion: The Apple Watch iECG seems to be a valuable tool to record an ECG comparable to lead I of the standard 12-lead ECG even in pre-term neonates. With a widespread availability and excellent connectivity, the Apple Watch iECG function may provide practitioners with a tool to send an iECG for interpretation to a paediatric cardiac specialist.
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Galgut, Oliver, Pierre Le Page, and Andrew R. J. Mitchell. "Watch for tachycardia." International Journal of Arrhythmia 23, no. 1 (November 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42444-022-00081-z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Wearable devices capable of measuring health metrics are becoming increasingly prevalent. Most work has investigated the potential for these devices in the context of atrial fibrillation, our case highlights the potential of wearable devices across a wider range of arrhythmia. Case presentation A 51-year-old woman was referred to the cardiology clinic for an assessment of symptoms of intermittent exertional shortness of breath and palpitation. The patient was otherwise fit and well, took limited alcohol and no caffeine, and was a never smoker. There was no family history of heart disease. Physical examination in clinic was unremarkable, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), seven-day ambulatory ECG, exercise stress ECG, and trans-thoracic echocardiogram were all normal. During a severe episode the patient recorded an ECG using an Apple Watch (Apple Inc, California, USA). This was forwarded to the patient’s cardiologist, who suspected a broad complex tachycardia and organised an urgent follow-up appointment. A further 72-h Holter ECG monitor showed frequent sustained periods of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, confirming the watch findings. The patient was started on beta blocker therapy with a rapid improvement in symptoms. Conclusions Current smartwatch technology can reliably identify irregular rhythms and can distinguish atrial fibrillation from sinus rhythm, with emerging evidence supporting detection of other cardiovascular diseases, including medical emergencies. There may also be a role for wearable devices in screening young populations for predictors of sudden cardiac death. At present device outputs require clinician interpretation, but in the future patients may present to primary or secondary care with a firm diagnosis of arrhythmia and may already be making wearable device guided behaviour changes.
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Spaccarotella, C. S., A. P. Polimeni, E. P. Principe, A. C. Curcio, S. M. Migliarino, A. M. Mongiardo, S. D. De Rosa, and C. Indolfi. "Multichannel electrocardiograms obtained by a smartwatch for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes: the SMARTAMI TRIAL." European Heart Journal 41, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Smartwatches are increasingly popular and used for digital health information. A new smart watch introduced an integrated ECG tool, which allows recording a single-lead ECG that has been used for atrial fibrillation detection. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the feasibility and the accuracy of the Apple Watch in patients admitted in the CCU with the diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome compared with a standard 12-lead ECG. Methods A commercially available smart watch series 4 was used and the posterior sensor of the watch was positioned in different standardized body positions to obtain nine bipolar ECGs (corresponding to Einthoven leads I, II and III and Precordial leads V1-V6) that were compared with a simultaneous standard 12-lead ECG. One hundred subjects were included in the study. Fifty-five patients had a STEMI, twenty-seven patients had an NSTEMI all treated with percutaneous coronary revascularization. Eighteen age-matched subjects were included as controls. Results A very good agreement was found between Smartwatch ECG and Standard ECG for the identification of normal ECG, ST segment elevation and NSTE alterations (Cohen's kappa 0.90 [95% CI 0.78 to 1], 0.88 [95% CI 0.78 to 0,97], 0.85 [95% CI 0.74 to 0.96]), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Smartwatch ECG for the diagnosis of normal ECG were 84% (95% CI 60 to 97) and 100% (95% CI 95 to 100), STE deviation were 93% (95% CI 82 to 99) and 95% (95% CI 85 to 99), NSTE ECG alterations were 94% (95% CI 81 to 99) and 92% (95% CI 83 to 97), respectively. No significant differences between Smartwatch ECG and Standard ECG for the amplitude of ST changes were reported for each lead (see Figure). Conclusions The Smart Ami Trial demonstrated a very good agreement between the Smartwatch ECG and Standard ECG for the identification of ST-segment elevation and ST depression in patients with acute coronary syndromes opening the possibility of using this tool when a standard ECG is not available. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
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Buelga Suárez, Mauro, Marina Pascual Izco, Pablo Pastor Pueyo, Vanesa Cristina Lozano Granero, Jesús García Montalvo, and Gonzalo Luis Alonso Salinas. "Smartwatch ECG tracing and ischemic heart disease. ACS Watch Study." Cardiology, November 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000528116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND Smartwatches have become a widely used tool for health self-care. Its role in ischemic heart disease (IHD) has not been assessed. OBJETCIVES To evaluate the usefulness of smartwatch ECG registry in IHD. METHODS We present an observational study of 25 consecutive patients with acute IHD. Conventional ECG and smartwatch tracing were obtained simultaneously at admission. Waves of conventional and smartwatch ECGs were objectively compared. A survey on medical attitude was conducted among 12 physicians (3 cardiologists, 3 intensivists, 3 emergency physicians, and 3 general practitioners) and a score (1 to 5) of concordance between the records was requested. RESULTS There were no differences in Q wave, R wave, ST segment, or T wave. There was a very strong correlation between ST segments, a strong correlation in Q waves and R waves, and a moderate correlation in T wave measurements. All specialists obtained a high level of agreement (4.45±0.45). Smartwatch tracings would lead to similar management compared to conventional ECG. There were only 6 (2%) discrepant cases due to differences in inferior repolarization, showing an almost perfect agreement (kappa=0.96). CONCLUSIONS In most patients with acute IHD, smartwatch ECG tracing is a reliable tool to make the diagnosis and guide appropriate medical care. However, due to their intrinsic limitations, inferior myocardial infarctions may be missed and require a conventional 12-lead ECG to rule them out.
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Pepplinkhuizen, S., W. F. Hoeksema, W. Van Der Stuijt, L. Smeding, A. A. M. Wilde, and R. E. Knops. "Clinical relevance of the single-lead ECG of the Apple Watch." European Heart Journal 43, Supplement_2 (October 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction The Apple Watch (AW) is one of the first commercially available wearable with built-in electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes to perform a single-lead ECG to detect atrial fibrillation (AF). The AW ECG application showed to have a high rate of unclassifiable notifications. The interpretation of the single-lead ECG by a physician can possibly reduce the total of unclassifiable notifications and contribute to the overall accuracy to detect AF. Methods This was a prospective, non-randomized, single center observational study to evaluate the accuracy and interrater agreement of the single-lead ECG of the AW. Patients scheduled for cardioversion for atrial fibrillation were asked for participation. The AW series 6 was used with WatchiOS 7.2 or 7.3 and ECG algorithm version 2.0. A single-lead ECG was obtained pre-conversion and, when cardioversion was successful, post-conversion. All single-lead ECGs and 12-lead ECGs were adjudicated by two physicians, agreement was reached by consensus. The AW single-lead ECG notification was compared to the physicians “gold-standard” interpretation of the 12-lead ECG. Sensitivity and specificity of the AW single-lead ECG and Kappa coefficient were calculated. Results In total, 74 patients were included. Mean age was 67.1±12.3 years and 20.3% were female. In total 65 AF and 64 sinus rhythm (SR) single-lead ECG measurements were obtained. Of these measurements, 27.9% (36/129) showed an unclassifiable notification. The AW ECG notification showed a sensitivity of 93.5% to detect AF and a specificity of 100% to detect SR (K= 0.94). After adjudication of the unclassifiable notifications by two independent physicians 1.6% (2/129) of the measurements remained unclassifiable. When including the by the physicians adjudicated unclassifiable recordings the sensitivity to diagnose AF was 89.2% and the specificity to detect SR was 93.8% (K=0.83). The adjudication of all single-lead ECGs by the two physicians showed a sensitivity of 90.6% to detect AF and specificity of 95.2% to detect SR (K= 0.83) (Table 1). All SR and AF notification by the AW were similarly adjudicated by the two physicians. The kappa coefficient for interrater agreement between both physicians was 0.69 for all single-lead ECGs and 0.58 for unclassifiable notifications specific. Conclusion Unclassifiable notifications of the AW can be reduced by physicians interpretation of the single-lead ECG, however the interrater agreement is only moderate. The physicians interpretation of the single-lead ECGs did not increase the accuracy to detect AF and the clinical relevance of the single-lead ECG, in addition to the AW notification, should therefore be questioned. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
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Pepplinkhuizen, S., W. F. Hoeksema, W. Van Der Stuijt, L. Smeding, A. A. M. Wilde, and R. E. Knops. "Clinical relevance of the single-lead ECG of the Apple Watch." European Heart Journal - Digital Health 3, no. 4 (December 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjdh/ztac076.2803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction The Apple Watch (AW) is one of the first commercially available wearable with built-in electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes to perform a single-lead ECG to detect atrial fibrillation (AF). The AW ECG application showed to have a high rate of unclassifiable notifications. The interpretation of the single-lead ECG by a physician can possibly reduce the total of unclassifiable notifications and contribute to the overall accuracy to detect AF. Methods This was a prospective, non-randomized, single center observational study to evaluate the accuracy and interrater agreement of the single-lead ECG of the AW. Patients scheduled for cardioversion for atrial fibrillation were asked for participation. The AW series 6 was used with WatchiOS 7.2 or 7.3 and ECG algorithm version 2.0. A single-lead ECG was obtained pre-conversion and, when cardioversion was successful, post-conversion. All single-lead ECGs and 12-lead ECGs were adjudicated by two physicians, agreement was reached by consensus. The AW single-lead ECG notification was compared to the physicians “gold-standard” interpretation of the 12-lead ECG. Sensitivity and specificity of the AW single-lead ECG and Kappa coefficient were calculated. Results In total, 74 patients were included. Mean age was 67.1±12.3 years and 20.3% were female. In total 65 AF and 64 sinus rhythm (SR) single-lead ECG measurements were obtained. Of these measurements, 27.9% (36/129) showed an unclassifiable notification. The AW ECG notification showed a sensitivity of 93.5% to detect AF and a specificity of 100% to detect SR (K= 0.94). After adjudication of the unclassifiable notifications by two independent physicians 1.6% (2/129) of the measurements remained unclassifiable. When including the by the physicians adjudicated unclassifiable recordings the sensitivity to diagnose AF was 89.2% and the specificity to detect SR was 93.8% (K=0.83). The adjudication of all single-lead ECGs by the two physicians showed a sensitivity of 90.6% to detect AF and specificity of 95.2% to detect SR (K= 0.83) (Table 1). All SR and AF notification by the AW were similarly adjudicated by the two physicians. The kappa coefficient for interrater agreement between both physicians was 0.69 for all single-lead ECGs and 0.58 for unclassifiable notifications specific. Conclusion Unclassifiable notifications of the AW can be reduced by physicians interpretation of the single-lead ECG, however the interrater agreement is only moderate. The physicians interpretation of the single-lead ECGs did not increase the accuracy to detect AF and the clinical relevance of the single-lead ECG, in addition to the AW notification, should therefore be questioned. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
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Abdou, Abdelrahman, and Sridhar Krishnan. "Horizons in Single-Lead ECG Analysis From Devices to Data." Frontiers in Signal Processing 2 (April 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsip.2022.866047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Single-lead wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) devices for remote monitoring are emerging as critical components of the viability of long-term continuous health and wellness monitoring applications. These sensors make it simple to monitor chronically ill patients and the elderly in long-term care homes, as well as empower users focused on fitness and wellbeing with timely health and lifestyle information and metrics. This article addresses the future developments in single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) wearables, their design concepts, signal processing, machine learning (ML), and emerging healthcare applications. A literature review of multiple wearable ECG remote monitoring devices is first performed; Apple Watch, Kardia, Zio, BioHarness, Bittium Faros and Carnation Ambulatory Monitor. Zio showed the longest wear time with patients wearing the patch for 14 days maximum but required users to mail the device to a processing center for analysis. While the Apple Watch and Kardia showed good quality acquisition of raw ECG but are not continuous monitoring devices. The design considerations for single-lead ECG wearable devices could be classified as follows: power needs, computational complexity, signal quality, and human factors. These dimensions shadow hardware and software characteristics of ECG wearables and can act as a checklist for future single-lead ECG wearable designs. Trends in ECG de-noising, signal processing, feature extraction, compressive sensing (CS), and remote monitoring applications are later followed to show the emerging opportunities and recent innovations in single-lead ECG wearables.