Статті в журналах: "ECCENTRICALLY LOAD"

1

Zhao, Bao Cheng, and Qiang Gu. "Energy-Dissipation Mechanisms and Seismic Design Recommendation of Eccentrically Braced Steel Frames." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3662.

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Eccentrically braced steel frames are a lateral load-resisting system which apply high intensity area and it can provide the high elastic stiffness that met higher steel building drift requirement. This paper first provides an introduction of Forces in links and Energy dissipation mechanisms of eccentrically braced steel frames. In that Eccentrically braced steel frames will collapse after the link beams go into plastic deformation under earthquake load, A new analytical model which include shell element apply to link beams with large deformation and plastic deformation and beams element apply to other parts of structure is presented in this paper for analyzing eccentrically braced steel frames energy-dissipation behavior and collapse mechanism. Computer program is complied. After this paper applies nonlinear finite element program to analyze the behaviors of eccentrically braced steel frames under cyclic load, the seismic design recommendations of eccentrically brace are presented.

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2

Han, Bing, and Yuan Feng Wang. "Long Term Load-Carrying Capacity of Eccentrically Compressed Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Members." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.651.

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Based on the creep model of CFST members constructed with the Elastic Continuation and Plastic Flow theory of concrete creep and the creep theory of concrete under multi-axial stresses, the paper studies the load-carrying capacity of eccentrically compressed CFST members with consideration of creep. Some eccentrically compressed CFST members’ long-term loadbearing capacity is calculated and corresponding results are compared with the load-carrying capacity without consideration of creep. According to the analysis of calculating results, it can be concluded that creep will decrease the load carrying capacity of eccentrically compressed CFST members, and it should be paid enough attentions in actual engineering.

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3

Wu, Jieqiong, Jian Zhang, Bo Diao, Shaohong Cheng, and Yinghua Ye. "Hysteretic Behavior of Eccentrically Loaded Reinforced Air-Entrained Concrete Columns under Combined Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Seawater Corrosion." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 19, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3931791.

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Besides service loads, reinforced concrete structures in cold coastal seismic regions are subjected to multiple attacks of freeze-thaw cycles and seawater corrosion as well as the earthquake struck. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the seismic response of eccentrically loaded reinforced air-entrained concrete columns under alternative actions of freeze-thaw cycles and chloride corrosion. Results show that, after 300 times of freeze-thaw cycles alternated with 100 times of seawater immersion, the hysteretic behavior of the eccentrically loaded columns manifested an apparent asymmetric pattern. Under forward cyclic load, the existence of larger eccentric load rendered the reduction of the ultimate load and the ductility of a column by up to 20.3% and 46.05%, respectively, but it had a positive effect if reverse cyclic load was applied. The presence of eccentric load could have a considerable impact on the seismic behavior of reinforced air-entrained concrete columns served in an aggressive environment.

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4

Pham, Quang N., Satoru Ohtsuka, Koichi Isobe, and Yutaka Fukumoto. "Limit load space of rigid footing under eccentrically inclined load." Soils and Foundations 60, no. 4 (August 2020): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.05.004.

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5

Arda, Mustafa, and Metin Aydogdu. "Buckling of Eccentrically Loaded Carbon Nanotubes." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.151.

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In the present study, buckling of eccentrically loaded nanobeams in which the load is not applied at the centroid of cross section, has been studied. Eringen’s Nonlocal Elasticity Theory has been used in the formulation of governing equation of motion of the nanobeam. Simply supported and free boundary conditions for nanobeam have been taken consideration. The effect of nonlocal parameter, eccentricity of the load, nanobeam length on the buckling deflection and critical buckling load on nanobeam have been investigated. Present results can be useful in the design of nano-structures.

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6

Mohamed, A. E. "Design Approach for Eccentrically Loaded Reinforced Concrete Sections." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1056, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1056/1/012017.

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Abstract The behavior of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete sections depends on both the eccentricity and load value. The type of failure can be determined according to the eccentricity-thickness ratio and the applied load value. Interaction diagrams can be used for designing eccentrically loaded section, but the section dimensions are required to use these diagrams. According to the section dimensions and the load value, the type of failure and the required reinforcement can be determined from the interaction diagrams. Most design codes controls the design process to ensure ductile failure. But according to the design procedures of interaction diagrams, the failure type can’t be controlled simply. This paper aims at finding a design procedure for eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete sections that enable the designer to simply control the design process and the failure mode. The proposed design approach makes the design process more direct and simplified.

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7

Tamrazyan, Ashot, and Levon Avetisyan. "Estimation of Load Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically Compressed Reinforced Concrete Elements under Dynamic Loading in Fire Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.62.

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Research of influence of fire impacts on the dynamic strength of eccentrically compressed concrete elements requires a deeper consideration. The purpose of this article is the study of dynamic strength of eccentrically compressed concrete elements in fire conditions under rapidly increasing dynamic loading. It is done the analytical calculation of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete columns under different thermo powers conditions, there are shown the results of calculations and experimental data. It is shown a graph of dynamic coefficient for concrete depending on the time of dynamic loading and temperature.

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8

Hlaváček, M., and D. Vokoun. "The influence of articular surface incongruity on lubrication and contact pressure distribution of loaded synovial joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981533782.

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In the model intended for short-term loading (such as during the walking cycle) of a human synovial joint in the lower extremities, cartilage lubricated by Newtonian synovial fluid is considered to be incompressible elastic and subchondral bone is considered to be rigid. The model is non-diffusional, i.e. no interstitial fluid flow occurs across the articular surfaces. A simple plane strain case of the human ankle joint is considered. For high steady loading applied in the centre of the stationary tibial arc and for steady sliding of the talar arc, this model shows that individual physiological variations in the geometry of the articular surfaces have only a small effect on the contact stress distribution and the fluid film thickness. If this load is applied eccentrically in the tibial arc, the contact pressure distribution varies more with surface geometry, but the minimum fluid film thickness differs little from that for symmetric loading. The maximum contact pressure is placed eccentrically in this case, but its value is changed only little when compared to the central loading of the same value. In order to explain different distribution patterns of subchondral bone mineralization, it is anticipated that the total load peaks of periodic time-dependent loads are transmitted centrally in some incongruent joints and eccentrically in others.

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9

Nivethitha, A. P., G. Vani, and P. Jayabalan. "Numerical Analysis of Eccentrically Loaded Cold-Formed Plain Channel Columns." Journal of Structures 2014 (June 24, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/908415.

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Finite element analysis of pinned cold-formed plain channel columns of different width-to-thickness ratios is presented in this paper. The study is focused not only on axially loaded columns, but also on eccentrically loaded columns. The general purpose finite element software ABAQUS 6.12 was used, and the force controlled loading was adopted. Geometric and material nonlinearities were incorporated in the finite element model. The ultimate loads are compared with the direct strength method (DSM) for axially loaded columns. Also, a parametric study is done by varying the length of the column and width of the unstiffened element. It is observed that the results correlate better with the DSM values for columns having unstiffened elements of lower bf/t ratios. The change in ultimate load is studied only in ABAQUS, as the position of load moves towards the free edge and the supported edge of the unstiffened element. A parametric study is done by varying the nonuniform compression factor for the columns. It is observed that the ultimate load increases as the position of load moves towards the supported edge and it is influenced by the bf/t ratio of the unstiffened element.

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10

Šćepanović, B., M. Knežević, and D. Lučić. "Methods for determination of ultimate load of eccentrically patch loaded steel I-girders." Informes de la Construcción 66, Extra-1 (December 30, 2014): m018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.13.076.

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11

Dong, Xu, Yun Feng Zhang, Yang Yu, Xin Yu Zhou, and Hai Wei Guan. "Study on the GFRP Tube Columns by Eccentricity and Concrete Strength Affection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 482 (December 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.482.38.

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For the study of eccentrically loaded GFRP tube columns filled with reinforced concrete, simulations were made with 21 specimens to study their load-displacement curves, treat concrete strength and eccentric load as main parameters.

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12

Liu, Lai Bao, Ke Feng Tan, and Hai Long Yu. "Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns Part 2: Slender Columns and Eccentrically Loaded Columns." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 2534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2534.

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This study continued the investigation into the mechanical properties of high strength concrete filled steel tubular columns, (HSCFST). The test results for slender columns show that the load bearing capacities and maximum displacement ratio (the ratio of displacement to the initial length at peak load) of the column decreases as slenderness ratio, determined as the ratio of the length to diameter, increases. The test results for eccentrically loaded columns show that when the slenderness ratio is kept constant, the load bearing capacity and maximum strain decrease as the eccentricity ratio increases, with the eccentricity ratio defined as the ratio as the ratio of eccentricity to radius. The formula for calculating the load bearing capacities of slender columns and the eccentrically loaded columns are presented in the paper. These formulas are designed for inclusion in design code documents.

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13

Lu, Jie, Zhihua Chen, Hongbo Liu, and Zimei Guo. "Behavior of eccentrically loaded welded hollow spherical joints after elevated-temperature exposure." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 1352–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218815432.

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Welded hollow spherical joint is an extremely widely used connection pattern in space lattice structures. Understanding the behavior of the welded hollow spherical joint after elevated-temperature exposure is critical for the fire damage assessment of the entire space lattice structures. In this study, both experimental and numerical studies were conducted to reveal the mechanical behavior of eccentrically loaded welded hollow spherical joints subjected to eccentric loads after cooling from three elevated temperatures up to 1000°C, wherein two different methods were considered, namely, air and water cooling. Associate mechanical performance, such as load versus longitudinal displacement and load versus steel tube rotation responses, initial stiffness, load-bearing capacities, and strain development, were obtained and further analyzed. The results showed that the behavior of welded hollow spherical joints began to change when the exposure temperatures exceeded 600°C, with obvious reductions in both stiffness and strength. In addition, the influences of different cooling methods were significant. The joints cooled by water generally presented higher load-bearing capacities than those cooled by air. Furthermore, three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted via ABAQUS software. After validating the finite element model against experimental results, parametric studies were performed and a practical formula was proposed to calculate the load-bearing capacity of welded hollow spherical joints subjected to eccentric load after elevated-temperature exposure.

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14

Friden, J., P. N. Sfakianos, and A. R. Hargens. "Muscle soreness and intramuscular fluid pressure: comparison between eccentric and concentric load." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 2175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.6.2175.

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This study investigates the dynamic and resting intramuscular pressures associated with eccentric and concentric exercise of muscles in a low-compliance compartment. The left and righ leg anterior compartments of eight healthy males (ages 22–32 yr) were exercised by either concentric or eccentric contractions of the same load (400 submaximal contractions at constant rate, 20/min for 20 min at a load corresponding to 15% of individual maximal dorsiflexion torque). Tissue fluid pressures were measured with the slit-catheter technique before, during, and after the exercise. Average peak intramuscular pressure generated during eccentric exercise (236 mmHg) was significantly greater than during concentric exercise (157 mmHg, P less than 0.001). Peak isometric contraction pressure in the eccentrically exercised compartment was significantly higher both within 20 min postexercise and on the second postexercise day (P less than 0.001). Resting pressure 2 days postexercise was significantly higher on the eccentrically exercised side (10.5 mmHg) compared with the concentrically exercised (4.4 mmHg, P less than 0.05). The ability to sustain tension during postexercise isometric contractions was impaired on the “eccentric” side. Soreness was exclusively experienced in the eccentrically exercised muscles. We conclude that eccentric exercise causes significant intramuscular pressure elevation in the anterior compartment, not seen following concentric exercise, and that this may be one of the factors associated with development of delayed muscle soreness in a tight compartment.

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15

Zhang, Jiahe, Jiapei Hu, Guobiao Gu, and Fangmian Du. "Analytical Calculation of Air Gap Magnetic Field of SPMSM with Eccentrically Cut Poles Based on Magnetic Pole Division." Energies 16, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114450.

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In the design process of surface-mounted permanent magnet motor (SPMSM) for industrial robots and computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools, to pursue the sinusoidal nature of the back electromotive force, the magnetic poles in the form of eccentric pole cutting structure are often used. To analyze the no-load air gap magnetic field of the SPMSM with eccentrically cut poles simply and accurately, a subdomain model magnetic field analytical calculation method based on equal-area integral block processing of permanent magnets is proposed. The problem that the traditional subdomain analysis model cannot be directly applied to the SPMSM with eccentrically cut poles of unequal thickness is solved. The proposed method considers the influence of stator slotting and the actual permeability of permanent magnets, and directly obtains the fundamental wave and harmonic components of the no-load air gap flux density by solving the subdomain model. The finite element method (FEM) is used to directly calculate the air gap magnetic field for verification. The results of the analytical method and the no-load air gap magnetic density calculated by the FEM are consistent, which verifies the accuracy of the proposed analytical method and can quickly guide the design of the SPMSM with eccentrically cut poles.

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16

Nam, Vu Hoai, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Dao Huy Bich, and Dao Van Dung. "Nonlinear static and dynamic buckling of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded cylindrical shells under axial compression surrounded by an elastic foundation." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 36, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/36/1/3470.

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This paper presents an analytical approach to investigate the nonlinear buckling of imperfect eccentrically stiffened functionally graded thin circular cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression and surrounded by an elastic foundation. Based on the classical thin shell theory with the geometrical nonlinearity in von Karman-Donnell sense, initial geometrical imperfection, the smeared stiffeners technique and Pasternak’s two-parameter elastic foundation, the governing equations of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded cylindrical shells are derived. The functionally graded cylindrical shells are reinforced by homogeneous ring and stringer stiffener system on internal and (or) external surface. The resulting equations are solved by the Galerkin method to obtain the explicit expression of static critical buckling load, post-buckling load-deflection curve and nonlinear dynamic motion equation. The nonlinear dynamic responses are found by using fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The dynamic critical buckling loads of shells are considered for step loading of infinite duration and linear-time compression. The obtained results show the effects of foundation, stiffeners and input factors on the nonlinear buckling behavior of these structures.

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17

Pan, Xiu Zhen, Ji Ping Hao, and Jie Gao. "Seismic Behaviour Experimental Study of the D-Type Energy Dissipating Eccentrically Brace." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2414.

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Because the repairing work of beam and floor after earthquake were great, and the cost were higher, the generalize application of eccentrically braced steel frame were limited. A new braced steel frame system was suggested, which was energy dissipating eccentrically brace. The experimental data of new and conventional D-type eccentrically braced steel frame system were achieved by two specimens under cyclic loading. Results indicated that the new system could put off yielding, reduce earthquake input energy and breakage of the link, reduce repairing load after earthquake, and have preferable ductility and enough lateral stiffness. The new braced steel frame system which had gained patent of invention in Chinese was practical and costly that it could be applied in present project.

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18

Plyusnin, M. G. "Evaluation of the security of the calculation resultsof the load-bearing capacity for the normal cross-section of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements using a nonlinear deformation model under the action of freezing and thawing cycles." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 2 (2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-2-57-67.

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As a result of numerical modeling using the probabilistic method, there has been estimated the security of the results of calculating the load-bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements with symmetrical reinforcement along the normal cross-section, taking into account the effects of freezing and thawing cycles (FTC). The distributions of the strength and deformation concrete characteristics used in the probabilistic calculation are formed on the basis of the results of experimental studies. It is shown that the security of the results of calculations of the load-bearing capacity under eccentrical compression according to the nonlinear deformation model in accordance with the current norms depends on the eccentricity of the longitudinal force and the reinforcement center. The author has substantiated that the decrease in the load-bearing capacity for the normal cross-section regarding the studied elements under the action of the FTC is maximal at small eccentricities and not significant at large eccentricities of the longitudinal force, and it depends on the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement.

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19

Shafiq, Nasir, Muhammad Imran, and Ibrisam Akbar. "An Experimental Study on the Effects of Biaxial Bending due to Eccentric Load on RC Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.339.

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Eccentric loads are very common in structures due to building configuration. Unequal slab length, circular ramp, large cantilevers are very common in modern architecture. The RC beams in previous studies were tested under the three and four point uniform loads. Therefore, a simple testing setup was arranged to understand the behaviour of RC beam under eccentric load applied at mid span. In this study the single point load applied eccentrically on RC beam. The beams were tested at different eccentricity and compared with control beam tested under the uniform load or zero eccentricity. Results have shown a drastically reduced crack load up to 54% compared to control beam as the eccentricity increased. However, small changed in ultimate load carrying capacity was observed up to 60mm eccentricity. Eccentric load caused biaxial bending due to high concentration of load on one side of beam, which change failure mode of RC beam from ductile to brittle.

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20

Jiang, Cheng, and Yu-Fei Wu. "Axial Strength of Eccentrically Loaded FRP-Confined Short Concrete Columns." Polymers 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061261.

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This paper presents an experimental program that includes 78 fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined square concrete columns subjected to eccentric loading. The degradation of the axial strength of FRP-confined short concrete columns due to the load eccentricity is investigated in this work. A larger load eccentricity leads to a greater decrease in the axial strength. From the test results, it is found that FRP confinement can cause less strength degradation compared with that of unconfined concrete specimens. For FRP-confined square concrete specimens, the strength enhancement due to FRP confinement increases with increasing load eccentricity. However, the increasing load eccentricity decreases the confinement efficiency for FRP-confined circular concrete specimens. The relationship between the strength of eccentrically loaded FRP-confined square columns and their corner radii is evaluated.

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21

Major, Maciej, Izabela Major, Daniela Kuchárová, and Krzysztof Kuliński. "On the Eccentrically Loaded Socket Footings With Cut - Off Pyramid Shaped Socket." Civil and Environmental Engineering 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2019-0009.

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AbstractIn this work considerations concerning eccentrically loaded socket footing with cut-off pyramid shaped socket were presented. As an object of study sloped footing with 1.40 m height, corresponding to the maximum frost depth has been adopted. Knowing that in practice there are no perfect pure axial loads, load applied on the eccentricity has been taken into considerations. Eccentric loads result in footing rotation in the direction of eccentricity and acting load, hence one footing end is imbedding into the ground, whereas second end tries to rise up. To observe that phenomenon, elastic type of support under the foundation was introduced corresponding to the naturally humid sand with medium compaction. Presented in this paper considerations of innovative connection technology between footing and column were based on performed numerical studies. Advantages and disadvantages of presented footing in comparison to normal socket footings solutions were widely discussed. Numerical analyses were performed with the utilization Finite Element Method based SolidWorks software.

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22

Dung, Dao Van, and Nguyen Thi Nga. "Nonlinear analysis of stability for imperfect eccentrically stiffened FGM plates under mechanical and thermal loads based on FSDT. Part 1: Governing equations establishment." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 37, no. 3 (August 25, 2015): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/37/3/5884.

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In this paper, the buckling and post-buckling behaviors of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded material (ES-FGM) plates on elastic foundations subjected to in-plane compressive loads or thermal loads are investigated by an analytical solution. The novelty of this work is that FGM plates are reinforced by FGM stiffeners and the temperature, stiffener, foundation are considered. The first-order shear deformation plate theory is used. The thermal elements of plate and stiffeners in fundamental equations are introduced. Theoretical formulations based on the smeared stiffeners technique and the first-order shear deformation plate theory, are derived. The analytical expressions to determine the static critical buckling load and post-buckling load-deflection curves are obtained.

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23

Hyman, Peter, and Adelaja Israel Osofero. "Behaviour of eccentrically loaded prestressed stayed columns with circular hollow sections." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 13 (May 29, 2020): 2813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220924796.

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The behaviour of axially loaded prestressed stayed columns is a commonly studied area. Despite the fact that load eccentricity in columns is commonplace in practice, the amount of investigation into these systems under eccentric loading is limited. This study employed finite element analysis to investigate the interactive post-buckling behaviour of prestressed stayed columns. Critical imperfection combination with respect to the load carrying capacity was established and a comparison of a planar and a three-dimensional model was carried out to investigate key differences in the models. In this work, it has been shown that the load carrying capacity of eccentrically loaded columns can be significantly reduced when buckling in interactive mode is observed. Furthermore, it was established that increase in eccentricity results in a decrease in load carrying capacity of columns for both planar and three-dimensional models. However, a major difference between the models is the twisting effect exhibited in the three-dimensional model under out-of-plane eccentric loading. This work highlights the importance of carefully designing prestressed stayed columns’ connections to minimise loading eccentricity as it has been shown that the benefit of employing these systems over unstayed columns reduces with increasing load eccentricity.

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24

Duan, Liu Sheng, Ming Zhou Su, and Hui Li. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of High Strength Steel Composite K-Type Eccentrically Braced Frames." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.559.

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High strength steel composite K-type eccentrically braced frame is a new structural system, in which the link is made from low yield point steel and the others are made from high strength steel. In order to study the seismic behavior of such a structure, four one-bay one-story 1/2 scaled plane specimens were tested under the monotonic and cyclic load respectively. The failure modes and the main indexes of seismic behavior of specimens with various links length were analyzed. The results show that this new structural form is good at energy dissipation and ductility, and the way of energy absorbing by shear yield is better than by flexure yield. Under cyclic load, the main failure were concentrated at links, while the other parts of the eccentrically braced frame kept in elastic status. This kind of structure is an excellent dual resistance system and easy to rehabilitate after earthquake.

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25

A. Abdi, K. Abbeche, R. Boufarh, and B. Mazouz. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of an Eccentrically Loaded Strip Footing on Reinforced Sand Slope." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.182592.

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An experimental program and numerical computations were performed to investigate the slope effect on the bearing capacity of an eccentrically loaded strip footing. Two cases were considered: unreinforced sand slope and reinforced slope by geogrid. Tests were conducted on scaled footing models under various eccentric loads. A parametric study was carried out to examine the effect of the slope on the bearing capacity and the depth of geogrid layers under different eccentric loads. It was shown that the location of the eccentricity of applied load with respect to the slope face has a significant effect on the bearing capacity. This latter increase when the distance from applied eccentric load to the slope face also increases. Obtained results also showed that the bearing capacity of strip footing also depends on the inclination of ground surface in comparison to that predicted from horizontal ground.

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26

Vasilenko, Anastasia, Dmitry Chernogorsky, Dmitry Strakhov, and Leonid Sinyakov. "High-strength concrete eccentrically compressed elements." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914002017.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of technical and economic efficiency of application of high-strength concrete (HSC) in the eccentrically compressed columns. In the first part of the paper, the effect of concrete grade on in-creasing the column stiffness depending on steel ratio at different values of the relative eccentricity is considered. According to the results of the calculation, application of HSC is most effective at low values of the relative ec-centricity because increasing the concrete strength leads to more intensive increasing of column stiffness than increasing of steel ratio. In the second part of the paper, the material cost of the 1 linear meter of the column is calculated at the fixed value of column stiffness and application domain of HSC is defined in the case under consideration. In addition, load characteristics providing the efficiency of HSC application in the eccentrically compressed columns are determined.

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27

Lesik, Dale F., and D. J. Laurie Kennedy. "Ultimate strength of fillet welded connections loaded in plane." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-008.

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Fillet welded connections are frequently loaded eccentrically in shear with the externally applied load in the same plane as the weld group. While some current design tables are based on ultimate strengths, methods of analysis that incorrectly mix inelastic and elastic approaches are still used. These methods give conservative and variable margins of safety. Design standards generally use a lower-bound approach basing strengths on the longitudinal value neglecting, conservatively, the increase in strength for other directions of loading. The factored resistance of fillet welds, as a function of the direction of loading, is established based on ultimate strength expressions developed herein and using geometric, material variations, and test-to-predicted ratios reported in the literature. Factored resistances of eccentrically loaded fillet weld groups are established. These are basesd on the method of instantaneous centres, ultimate strengths, and the load–deformation expressions developed herein that are functions of the angle of loading. Also, statistical data on geometry, material variations, and the comparison of predicted strengths with the full-scale test results of others are used. Tables of design coefficients giving factored resistances for various eccentrically loaded fillet welded connections are developed. The coefficients, on the average, are essentially the same as those in current design tables. Key words: connections, design tables, eccentric, fillet welds, limit states, ultimate strength.

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28

Hassan, Hussam Aldeen J., and Ressol R. Shakir. "Ultimate bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded square footing over geogrid-reinforced cohesive soil." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0035.

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Abstract Construction of shallow foundations on weak cohesive soils have limited load-bearing capacity and excessive vertical displacement. This may cause structural damage and reduce the structure’s durability. Traditionally, weak cohesive soils are excavated and replaced with another stronger material layer, or the foundation is enlarged. These procedures are costly and time-consuming. However, these soils are also difficult to stabilize due to their low permeability and slow consolidation. Therefore, it has become necessary to use geosynthetic material. In this study, a square footing model with an eccentric load was tested in geogrid-reinforced clay. The adopted load eccentricity ratios were 0.05 to 0.1, 0.16, and 0.25. Twenty-one tests were executed to estimate the reinforcement influence and eccentricity on the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC). The geogrid improved the BC by 2.27 and 2.12 times compared to unreinforced soil for centrical and eccentrical loads, respectively. The best first layer ratio and the best number of reinforcements were found to be 0.35 and 4. A new equation for BCR with knowing the number of reinforcing layers was proposed and compared with other studies’ outcomes. It was concluded that the foundation tilts in a linear relationship with eccentricity, with a smaller rate inside the core than outside.

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29

Nguyen, Trung Hieu, Xuan Dat Pham, and Khuong Duy Tran. "Experimental study on the behavior of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete columns strengthened with CFRP composite sheets." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - HUCE 15, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.huce(nuce)2021-15(4)-15.

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Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is needed when the actual load-carrying capacity of the columns does not reach the required level due to either structural deterioration or increasing acting loads. This experimental study aims to evaluate the strengthening effect on the eccentrically-compressed RC columns using Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, that confine around the column cross-section. Three RC column specimens with the same geometrical dimensions, reinforcement detailing, and concrete compressive strength were cast and tested in the current experimental investigation. One RC column without being strengthened is referred as the control specimen whereas two other RC columns were partially strengthened by CFRP sheets. All three RC columns were axially loaded with the same initial eccentricity e0 of 80 mm. Based on the test results such as the ultimate load-carrying capacity, the load-rotation relationship, and load-curvature at the middle of column height, the effectiveness of the strengthening technique is discussed.

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30

., Ramya A. "PERFORMANCE OF ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES UNDER THE ACTION OF LATERAL LOAD." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 25 (December 25, 2015): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0425059.

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31

Popov, V. M., Yu V. Pukharenko, M. G. Plyusnin, and V. V. Belov. "Evaluation of the influence of the maximum deformation value of concrete under compression on the security of the results of calculating the strength of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete element with a normal cross-section using a NDM." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 6 (2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-6-42-50.

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As a result of calculations in the probabilistic formulation, it is shown that the security of the results of calculating the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements with symmetric reinforcement under eccentrical compression depends on the eccentricity of the longitudinal force and the quantity of longitudinal reinforcement. To increase the security of the results of calculating the load-bearing capacity of a eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete element with a normal cross-section in the area of small eccentricities, it is proposed to reduce the calculated value of the maximum deformation of concrete under compression. The analysis of the influence of the calculated value of the maximum deformations of concrete under compression on the results of calculating the strength of an eccentrally compressed reinforced concrete element with a normal cross-section has shown that reducing the calculated value of the maximum deformations of concrete under compression by 15% from 2.00% to 1.7% increases the security of the results of calculating the load-bearing capacity in the area of small eccentricities. At the same time, the security of the results of the calculation of the load-bearing capacity at large eccentricities practically does not change. To make a decision on the optimal design value of the maximum concrete deformations under compression, it is necessary to carry out a large amount of experimental studies to specify the characteristics of their statistical distribution.

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32

Alekseytsev, Anatoly, Natalya Kurchenko, and Sodikjon Nadirov. "Mechanical safety of eccentrically compressed RC-column in the event of emergency impact." E3S Web of Conferences 410 (2023): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341002003.

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The safety analysis of the outermost column of the 8 m high building stylobate was performed under eccentric compression. The bending moments act in two main planes. Modeling of the emergency based on physical and geometrical nonlinear calculation in dynamic statement is proposed. The dynamic overload is modeled simultaneously by longitudinal force and bending moments. It is assumed that such an emergency impact is caused by an impacting body falling from a certain height onto the deformable slab in the vicinity of the slab-column connection zone. An impulse load modeled the load, the magnitude and duration of which were approximated based on the conservation of momentum law. As a result, an area of structural strength, limited by the boundary surface under dynamic loads, was plotted. The mechanical safety consisted in assessing the risk of material damage associated with the collapse of a part of the building structure when the column collapsed.

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33

Ramadan, T., and A. Ghobarah. "Behaviour of bolted link-column joints in eccentrically braced frames." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-085.

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Current seismic provisions require that shear links in eccentrically braced frames be fully welded to the column flanges at the link-column joint. Since field welding may have its disadvantages, the use of bolted extended end-plate connection is examined. An experimental program is conducted to assess the response of extended end-plate connections of link-column joints in eccentrically braced frames. Six link-column joint specimens are tested using a cyclic load that represents the severe load reversals that the frame may be subjected to during strong earthquakes. The specimens are selected on the basis of different connection designs. Measurements of forces, strains, and displacements are made. Interaction curves relating the shear force and moment acting on links with semirigid connections are developed. The slip tendency and energy dissipation capacity of the different specimens are compared. On the basis of the test results, a design procedure is developed for the bolted extended end-plate link-column connection. It is concluded that bolted extended end-plate connections can be used for link-column joints of eccentrically braced frames. In properly designed connections bolt slippage was not measured even at high shear forces that are characteristic of link-column joint. Existing guidelines for the design of extended end-plate link-column joints are modified to account for the variable shear force and moment associated with links of different lengths. Key words: steel, frame, eccentric, braced, bolted, end plate, link, connection.

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34

Nhabih, Hussein Talab, Ahmed M. Hussein, and Marwa Marza Salman. "Study a Structural Behavior of Eccentrically Loaded GFRP Reinforced Columns Made of Geopolymer Concrete." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091492.

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This study investigated a modern composite material, which is a short geopolymer concrete column (GPCC) reinforced by GFRP bars. The structural performances of GPCC subjected to eccentric load were studied and compared to the normal strength concrete column (NSCC) reinforced by steel bars. In this study, the primary experimental parameters were the reinforcement bars types, load eccentricity, and concrete types. Seven short columns were tested: three normal strength concrete columns reinforced by steel bars, three geopolymer concrete columns reinforced by GFRP bars and one normal strength concrete column without reinforcement. The model dimensions chosen in the present study was a square section of 130×130 mm and a total height of 850 mm. It was shown that the steel bars contribute about 16.47% of column capacity under concentric load. Comparing with the normal strength concrete column, a geopolymer concrete column reinforced by GFRP bars showed a little increase in ultimate load (5.17%) under concentric load. Under the load eccentricity of 130 mm, a geopolymer concrete column reinforced by GFRP bars showed a significant increase in the ultimate load (69.37%). Under large eccentricity, a geopolymer concrete column reinforced by GFRP bars has an outstanding effect on the columns' ultimate load capacity. Also, the sine form can be utilized for GPCC to find the lateral deflection along with the column high at different load values up to the failure.

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35

Bich, Dao Huy, Vu Hoai Nam, and Nguyen Thi Phuong. "Nonlinear postbuckling of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded plates and shallow shells." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 33, no. 3 (September 8, 2011): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/33/3/207.

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The paper deals with the formulation of governing equations of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded plates and shallow shells based upon the classical shell theory and the smeared stiffeners technique taking into account geometrical nonlinearity in Von Karman-Donnell sense. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-independent and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of constituents. The shells are reinforced by eccentrically longitudinal and transversal stiffeners made of full metal or full ceramic depending on situation of stiffeners at metal-rich side or ceramic-rich side of the shell respectively. Obtained governing equations can be used in research on nonlinear postbuckling of mentioned above structures. By use of the Galerkin method an approximated analytical solution to the nonlinear stability problem of reinforced FGM plates and shallow shells is performed. The postbuckling load-deflection curves of the shells are investigated and analytical expressions of the upper and lower buckling loads are presented. A comparison of the effectiveness of stiffeners in enhancing the stability of FGM plates and shallow shells is given.

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36

Deyazada, Mohammed, Hervé Degée, and Bram Vandoren. "Numerical Analysis of the Structural Resistance and Stability of Masonry Walls with an AAC Thermal Break Layer." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111647.

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Since energy efficiency has become the main priority in the design of buildings, load-bearing walls in modern masonry constructions nowadays include thermal break elements at the floor–wall junction to mitigate thermal bridges. The structural stability of these bearing walls is consequently affected. In the present paper, a numerical study of the resistance and stability of such composite masonry walls, including AAC thermal break layers, is presented. A finite element mesoscopic model is successfully calibrated with respect to recent experimental results at small and medium scale, in terms of resistance and stiffness under vertical load with or without eccentricity. The model is then used to extend the numerical models to larger-scale masonry walls made of composite masonry, with the aim of investigating the consequences of thermal elements on global resistance and stability. The results confirm that the resistance of composite walls is governed by the masonry layer with the lowest resistance value, except for walls with very large slenderness and loaded eccentrically: composite walls with low slenderness or loaded by a vertical load with limited eccentricities are failing due to the crushing of the AAC layer, while the walls characterized by large slenderness ratios and loaded eccentrically tend to experience buckling failure in the main clay masonry layer.

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37

Plaut, R. H., and Z. Mróz. "Upheaval Buckling of a Mechanism under External Pressure and Compressive Loading." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 22, no. 2 (April 1994): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909402200201.

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A mechanical or structural element often buckles when it is compressed beyond a certain amount. Constraints may raise the value of the critical compressive load. In some cases a constraint may completely prevent the occurrence of buckling. This situation is demonstrated here by a simple two-bar model that rests on a rigid foundation and is subjected to pressure and compressive loading. If the system is ‘perfect’, buckling is not possible. However, if the foundation is not flat, or if the load is applied eccentrically, a sudden jump in deflection may occur as the load is increased.

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38

Yi, Junyi, and Nigel G. Shrive. "Behaviour of partially grouted hollow concrete masonry subjected to concentrated loads." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-103.

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An experimental programme was performed to study the behaviour of hollow concrete masonry wallettes with bond beams and vertical columns of grout subjected to concentrated loads. Forty-three wallettes were tested, with concentrated loads being applied either concentrically or eccentrically, through various-sized loading plates above the grout columns or on the bond beams above the hollow blocks. When the concentrated load was applied above the grout columns, the face shells of the hollow block units attached to the grout columns split and the columns subsequently crushed. When the load was applied on the bond beams, wallettes failed similarly to hollow masonry walls without vertical columns of grout, with web splitting and vertical cracking in line with the load, followed by face-shell spalling and (or) mortar crushing. When the eccentricity was one third of the wall thickness, failure was dominated by local spalling beneath the loading plate. The testing programme and mechanisms of failure are described, together with strength variation with increasing eccentricity, and dispersion of the concentrated load through the bond beam. General implications for the design of hollow concrete masonry with bond beams and vertical columns of grout subjected to concentrated loads are discussed.Key words: hollow concrete masonry, bond beam, grout columns, concentrated load, concentric, eccentric.

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39

Hong, Sung Bin, Kang Min Lee, Keun Yeong Oh, and Yang Yang. "An Experimental Evaluation of Structural Performance for High Strength Steel Stub Columns under Eccentric Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.111.

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The researches on strength of members bending-compression were evaluated through experimental tests on eccentrically load of high-strength steel (HSA800). This test was performed on H-shaped steels of high strength steel (HSA800) to verify the P-M correlations of members subjected to combined forces according to axial load ratios. And this strength evaluation test was performed for various P-M combinations on adjusted eccentric distance. The results showed that all the specimens was satisfied with P-M correlations according to design criteria.

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40

Van Dung, Dao, and Nguyen Thi Nga. "Thermomechanical postbuckling analysis of eccentrically stiffened FGM sandwich plates with general Sigmoid and power laws based on TSDT." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 20, no. 8 (December 23, 2016): 907–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636216682545.

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The buckling and postbuckling behaviors of eccentrically stiffened sandwich plates on elastic foundations subjected to in-plane compressive loads, thermal loads, or thermomechanical loads are presented analytically by using the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory with von Karman geometrical nonlinearity. Four cases of general Sigmoid and power laws are considered. The material properties of the facesheets, the core layer, and stiffeners are assumed to be temperature-dependent. Theoretical formulations based on the smeared stiffeners technique and third-order shear deformation plate theory are derived. The expressions of thermal parameters are found in the analytical form. Applying the Galerkin method, the expressions for determination of the critical buckling load and analysis of the postbuckling mechanical and thermal load–deflection curves are obtained. The iterative algorithm is presented for the case of temperature-dependent plate material properties. In addition, the influences of thermal element, functionally graded material stiffeners, the facesheet thickness to total thickness ratio, initial imperfection, and foundations are clarified in detail.

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41

Kotšmíd, Stanislav, Chang-Hung Kuo, and Pavel Beňo. "Determination of Critical Load in a Nonuniform Circular Steel Column under the Eccentric Axial Load." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5987083.

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The purpose of this paper is to determine a critical load for a nonuniform circular steel tube under eccentrically axial load. The circular tube has variable cross section at flattened ends with existing holes used for connection between members. Three different cases of eccentricities are studied with the drilled holes either on the same side or on the opposite side of column axis. The critical load is calculated from the differential equation of deflection curve which is solved by the power series and Runge-Kutta method. In addition, the loading tests were performed on a total of 180 specimens with different diameters, slenderness, and connection. The calculated results are compared and shown in a good agreement with those obtained from the experimental results. The results also show that the critical load decreases rapidly even at a small value of eccentricity and thus may have a significant effect on the load-carrying capacity.

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42

Pham, Quang N., Satoru Ohtsuka, Koichi Isobe, and Yutaka Fukumoto. "Limit load space of rigid strip footing on cohesive-frictional soil subjected to eccentrically inclined loads." Computers and Geotechnics 151 (November 2022): 104956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.104956.

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43

Farzampour, Alireza, Iman Mansouri, and Hamzeh Dehghani. "Incremental Dynamic Analysis for Estimating Seismic Performance of Multi-Story Buildings with Butterfly-Shaped Structural Dampers." Buildings 9, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040078.

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Structural strength and stiffness were previously investigated to sufficiently improve the lateral load resistance against major events. Many buildings require appropriate design to effectively withstand the lateral seismic loads and reduce the corresponding damages. Design methodologies and structural elements were recently introduced to improve the energy dissipation capability and limit the high force demands under seismic loadings. The new systems are designed to protect the structural integrity and concentrate the inelasticity in a specific area, while the remaining parts are kept undamaged and intact. This study introduces a new structural system with dampers having strategic cutouts, leaving butterfly-shaped shear dampers for dominating the yielding mechanism over other brittle limit states. The new system is designed for re-establishing the conventional eccentrically braced frame system with simple linking beams. The system with strategic cutouts is subsequently used and compared with the eccentrically braced frames (EBF) system for seismic performance investigation and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), using the OpenSees program, which is used to indicate the collapse behavior under forty-four selected ground motions. Results show that the butterfly-shaped multi-story buildings, compared to the corresponding conventional systems, are capable of enhancing the system resistance against lateral seismic loads by postponing the collapse state to the larger drift ratio values.

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44

Campione, Giuseppe. "Practical Model for Load-Carrying Capacity of Eccentrically Loaded Square Column Footings." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 23, no. 4 (November 2018): 04018023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000385.

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45

Guo, Y. L., and Y. Fukumoto. "Theoretical study of ultimate load of locally buckled stub columns loaded eccentrically." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 38, no. 3 (July 1996): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(96)00024-7.

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46

Jiang, Long Min, Fan Hua Tang, and Man Li Ou. "Experimental Research on the Strengthening of RC Columns by High Performance Ferrocement Laminates." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1409.

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Eleven approximate full-size specimens including nine eccentrically compressed columns of monotonic loading and two axially compressed columns of laterally cyclic loading were tested. By a series of comparison experiment of specimens strengthened by high performance ferrocement laminates (HPFL) and no strengthened specimens, it was found that the RC columns strengthened with attached HPFL demonstrated greater degree of improving in load-bearing capacity, in which the carrying capacity increment of the strengthened eccentrically compressed columns with lesser eccentricity was greater than that of the same type of columns with bigger eccentricity under the same strengthening conditions; the strengthening effects of the specimens with lower concrete grade are better than that of those ones with higher concrete grade; the ductility and energy dissipation ability of the strengthened columns were remarkably increased. In this paper, the test results is described, the principle and regularity that this category of strengthening laminate improved the ultimate load-bearing capacity, ductility, cracking behavior and mode of failure etc. of the RC columns are analyzed. The studying results proved that this strengthening measure for RC columns is superior to make the strengthening effect notable, working behavior of strengthened column excellent, strengthening construction easy and economical.

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47

Li, Xinggao. "Bearing Capacity Factors for Eccentrically Loaded Strip Footings Using Variational Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/640273.

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Bearing capacity factors for eccentrically loaded strip smooth footings on homogenous cohesive frictional material are deduced by the variational limit equilibrium method and by assuming general shear failure along continuous curved slip surface. From the calculated results, the effective width rule suggested by Meyerhof for bearing capacity factors due to cohesion of soil is justified, and the superposition principle of bearing capacity for eccentrically loaded strip smooth footings is derived together with the bearing capacity factors for cohesion and unit weight of soil. The two factors are represented by soil strength parameters and eccentricity of load. The bearing capacity factor related to unit weight for cohesionless soil is less than that for cohesive frictional soil. The reason for this discrepancy lies in the existence of the soil cohesion, for the shape of the critical rupture surface of footing soil depends on both soil strength parameters rather than on friction angle alone in the previous limit equilibrium solutions. The contact between footing and soil is decided by both the load and the mechanical properties of soil. Under conditions of higher eccentricity and less strength properties of soil, part of the footing will separate from the underlying soil.

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48

Xia, Song, and Ai Min Qin. "Nonlinear Analysis of Eccentrically Loaded Concrete Filled Circular Steel Tubular Columns." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.392.

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Based on the appropriate numerical constitutive model of concrete filled steel tubes, layered method was applied and fiber model method based on partial sinusoidal shape for concrete filled circular steel tubular (CFST) columns under both concentric and eccentric loading was proposed. Utilizing the relationship between the curvature of the worst section and sinusoidal amplitude, a FORTRAN program was developed and the behavior of CFST columns under concentric loading, eccentric loading of equal end-moment and unequal end-moment were analyzed, showing that the analysis results are in good agreement with the experiment results from references and the fiber model method can reflect the load capacity and deformation of the columns reasonably. Thus the reliability of the present method was validated and this work is the basic for the further researches on the practical expressions of load bearing capacity for the CFST columns under both compression and bending.

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49

Dung, Dao Van, and Nguyen Thi Nga. "Nonlinear buckling and post-buckling of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded cylindrical shells surrounded by an elastic medium based on the first order shear deformation theory." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 35, no. 4 (November 22, 2013): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/35/4/3116.

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In this paper, the nonlinear buckling and post-buckling of an eccentrically stiffened cylindrical shell made of functionally graded materials, surrounded by an elastic medium and subjected to mechanical compressive loads and external pressures are investigated by an analytical approach. The cylindrical shells are reinforced by longitudinal and circumferential stiffeners. The material properties of cylindrical shells are graded in the thickness direction according to a volume fraction power-law distribution. The nonlinear stability equations for stiffened cylindrical shells are derived by using the first order shear deformation theory and smeared stiffeners technique. Closed-form expressions for determining the buckling load and load-deflection curves are obtained. The effectiveness of stiffeners in enhancing the stability of cylindrical shells is shown. The effects of volume fraction indexes, material properties, geometrical parameters and foundation parameters are analyzed in detail.

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50

Turker, Emel, Erol Sadoglu, Evrim Cure, and Bayram Ali Uzuner. "Bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded strip footings close to geotextile-reinforced sand slope." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 8 (August 2014): 884–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0055.

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A series of bearing capacity tests were conducted with an eccentrically (e/B = 0, 1/12, 1/6, 1/3) loaded model surface (Df/B = 0) and shallow (Df/B = 0.25) strip footings (B = 80 mm) resting close to reinforced finite sand slopes to investigate ultimate loads, failure surfaces, load–displacement curves, rotation of footing, etc. The experimental set-up used to run the tests consists of a tank, model footing, sand, and a loading mechanism. A single woven geotextile strip sheet was placed horizontally below the footing’s base at a depth of half of the footing’s width. Ultimate loads decreased with increasing eccentricity. This decrease is due to a combination of eccentricity and slope. The use of geotextile reinforcement increased ultimate loads in comparison with unreinforced cases. Failure surfaces were not symmetrical, primary failure surfaces developed on the eccentricity (slope) side, and secondary failure surfaces developed on the other side. Lengths of failure surfaces decreased with increasing eccentricity. Prior to failure, footings always rotated towards the eccentricity (slope) side a few degrees.

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