Дисертації з теми "Eaux résiduaires urbaines traitées"
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Mohd, Adnan Mohd Faidzul Hakim. "Mechanistic, interfacial and modeling studies of electro-precipitation during electrochemical advanced oxidation process in a thin-film reactor : case study with reclaimed municipal wastewater." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0249.
The thesis work evolves around the characterization and quantification of cathodic mineral electro-precipitation taking place during an electro-oxidation treatment of wastewater. The electro-oxidation process was conducted in scalable submillimetric electrochemical reactor with 50 cm² surface area. Submillimetric, or also denoted as microfluidic, reactor design was chosen owing to the potential that it could offer towards its environmental application. For instance, mass transfer and redox reactions were intensified with huge cut in total operational expense owing to significant drop in internal cell resistance. Despite its interest, the quantity of research work devoted to this topic has been underwhelming. Furthermore, no report has yet been made in the literature on the formation of electro-precipitation inside a thin film cell, as opposed to the mineral scaling study performed in conventional rotating disk setup. Once the cathode is totally passivated by the electro-precipitation, the electro-oxidation efficacy is undoubtedly compromised. Hence, it justifies the need for the sequence of research works conducted throughout this thesis. Decisive parameters on the kinetics of electro-precipitation were scrutinized, i.e. the applied current density (japp), the interelectrode distance (delec), the matrix of effluent to be treated and the cathode material. Theoretical predictive models were proposed alongside several experimental results acquired. The objective was to establish the operating conditions by which less mineral scaling was formed without giving an impacting on the electro-oxidation efficiency to maximize its durability.Under the operating conditions applied, only Mg(OH)₂, CaCO₃ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ precipitates were present. Other precipitates were not thermodynamically favoured. Mg(OH)₂ precipitation was highly dependent on japp whilst CaCO₃ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ easily occurred even at low japp. A theoretical model correlating mass transfer coefficient (km) and delec in wide range of delec (100 to 3000 µm) was developed. Mass transfer correlation for microfluidic reactor under the form of dimensionless Sherwood number was also proposed for convenient scale up/scale down application. With regard to electrochemical cell configuration, more deposition was observed in submillimetric range due to the involvement of more vigorous concomitant H₂ evolution in macrometric setup. When the comparison was made with real wastewater, more electro-deposition occurred due to co-precipitation of dissolved organics and inhibiting effect of sulfate in simulated effluent. When higher japp was adopted, more organic mineralization, higher pharmaceutics degradation and less mineral scaling were noticed but it was accompanied with higher power consumption and significantly higher release of undesirable byproducts. Finally, the use of porous carbonaceous cathode only yielded in more electro-precipitation and higher undesirable byproducts
Nagem, Nogueira Flavia (19. "Méthodes d'évaluation de la biodégradabilité des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11011.
Vaillant, Sabine. "La matière organique des eaux résiduaires urbaines, caractérisation et évolution." Pau, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PAUU3004.
Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci. "Elimination biologique du phosphore des eaux résiduaires urbaines par des biofiltres immergés." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0032.
Jean-Baptiste, Conrardy. "Contribution à l’étude de l’électro-compression des boues résiduaires urbaines." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3037/document.
In the purpose to reduce waste amount, the electro-dewatering process is a promising technique to efficiently withdraw a large part of the water included in wastewater sludge. This PhD thesis contributes in various ways to the study of this technique. Lab-scale experiments showed correlations between dewatering kinetics and energy consumption of the process. Moreover, a new model, relatively simple, is proposed to study and simulate the process. This model highlights the main phenomena involved in the electro-dewatering. Finally, a study of the migration of chemical species during the dewatering process is carried out thanks to an analytical protocol measuring ions in filtrates and sludge slices.1
Julien, Sabine. "Modélisation et estimation pour le contrôle d'un procédé boues activées éliminant l'azote des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT094H.
Maréchal, Amélie. "Relations entre caractéristiques de la pollution particulaire et paramètres optiques dans les eaux résiduaires urbaines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL052N.
Sampling techniques commonly used for monitoring urban wastewater quality cannot provide a real time or extensive knowledge of the pollution loads conveyed in sewer systems. But needs for continuous monitoring are increasing, and optical measuring methods seem to be suitable for that purpose. Turbidity allows an indirect estimation of the concentration of suspended solids (88) in effluents. But the calibration of turbidity sensors for 88 measurements is not an easy task, and a better knowledge of the relations linking the characteristics of suspended solids and the absorption and scattering of light would be useful. A theoretical approach, based on Mie theory for spherical particles, provides information about some parameters governing absorption of light: nature and size of the particles. But the application to experimental results raised major difficulties to get a proper description of suspended particles. Using the same assumption of spherical particles, two techniques have been compared to analyse the particle size distribution, laser light scattering and sieving. Significant differences have been found, and results could not be interpreted in relation with the model. In addition, the relation between the absorption of light and the concentration of suspended solids appeared very similar for many samples collected from different sites under different circumstances, provided a standardised procedure was applied. A few other samples, all of them coming from one particular combined sewer overflow, did display different calibrating curves. However, these variations could not be linked with measured size distributions. Other factors are still to be investigated, as the density of individual particles, and of their aggregates, as well as the influence of their shape
Kaosol, Thaniya. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à l'aptitude à la déshydratation de boues résiduaires urbaines." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20047.
Lendormi, Thomas. "Etude de l'oxydation en voie humide de boues résiduaires urbaines et intégration dans une station d'épuration." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0043.
Petitjean, Alain Bernard Nicolas. "Modélisation des transferts réactifs diphasiques dans les filtres verticaux pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6175.
Oxygen renewal, as a prominent phenomenon for aerobic bacterial activity, deeply impacts Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) treatment efficiency. We introduce a multiphase model able to simulate multi-component transfer in VFCWs. It is based on a two-phase flow module, and a transport module. The flow module can quantify both water and air velocities throughout the filter during operation. The reactive transport module follows dissolved and gaseous oxygen concentrations, and the transport of solutes such as ammonium and readily biodegradable COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The consumption of components is governed by Monod-type kinetics. Heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, which are responsible for COD and ammonium degradation respectively, are part of the model components. The kinetics are based on the Constructed Wetlands Model 1. The results from the simulation tool were compared with existing experimental data, and two kinds of operation with VFCWs were investigated. The authors show strong interplay between oxygen renewal and bacterial consumption in case of sequential batch feeding with transient flooding of surface. Oxygen renewal is essentially convection mediated in such operation, while convection is not significant in non-flooding operation. Simulated bacterial patterns are impacted by the operation, both quantitatively and spatially. From a modelling point of view, the authors highlight some limitations of the biological model : the description of bacterial lysis processes needs to be enhanced, as well as ammonium adsorption to organic matter
Buzier, Rémy. "Évolution de la spéciation des métaux dans les eaux résiduaires urbaines lors du traitement par boues activées." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002521010204611&vid=upec.
In the European water framework directive context, we have studied metals in urban wastewaters for their potential threat to natural water bodies. The ecotoxicological effects of metals strongly depend on their speciation, which is still difficult to determine in complex media such as wastewaters. This work aims to assess metal speciation in urban wastewaters and its evolution until wastewater discharge into receiving waters, particularly during the wastewater treatment process. In this way, the diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) has been evaluated as a metal speciation tool for wastewaters. Then, this tool has been used to measured labile metal in various wastewater samples collected in various wastewater treatment plants. In addition, different laboratory experiments have been performed to assess organic matter biodegradtion effect on metal speciation during activated sludge treatment. We have validated the DGT technique for the study of metal speciation in urban wastewaters and a first characterisation of labile metals measured by DGT has been made. The laboratory work showed that organic matter biodegradation removes only stronger ligands, weak ligands being removed during activated sludge process probably through adsorption or flocculation processes. Measurements performed on field samples showed that wastewater treatment plant effect on labile metal was variable and does not seem to depend on the treatment process or residence time within the system
Olivier, Jérémy. "Etude des filtres a bandes pour la deshydratation mécanique des boues résiduaires urbaines." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3006.
The implementation of European regulations about wastewater treatments leads to a significant increase of the municipal sludge production. So, the treatment of this sludge becomes more and more necessary. The improvement of the mechanical devices used to achieve the volume reduction of this waste is an important step to reduce the cost of the treatment. Our study focuses on the case of the filter belt presses in order to improve their performances in terms of activated sludge dewatering. After a bibliographic overview, an empirical model is proposed to design belt gravity thickeners (which are usually the first step of dehydration when belt presses are used). Then, an experimental set up, allowing the characterisation of industrial filter belt presses at the laboratory scale, is described. The experimental investigations carried out on this laboratory device enable to study the influence of every functioning parameters on the cake moisture. From these results a new operating strategy of filter belt presses is proposed. A new procedure is also presented to evaluate, from measurement carried out in a filtration compression cell (FCC), the moisture of the sludge after a dewatering in a belt filter press. Finally, to investigate the impact of the shear stress which appears around the rollers, some experiments are realised in a FCC modified with a rotary piston
Praderie, Matthieu. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines par boues activées à membranes immergées : procédé BAMI." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT001G.
Muller, Mathieu. "Ecodynamique et activité toxicologique des œstrogènes au cours du traitement des eaux résiduaires et des boues urbaines." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20161.
The fate of estrogens and estrogenic activity through a sewage treatment plant were studied combining chemical and biological assessments. The behaviour of estrogens and endocrine-disrupting activities was also investigated during sludge anaerobic digestion or composting after validation of a specific analytical method. Finally, the bacteria involved in the degradation of estrogens were characterised using both classical and molecular microbiological methods. The estrogens and estrogenic activity are efficiently removed by biodegradation during urban sewage treatment. Despite slightly sorption of estrogens on sludge, persistence of these compounds and endocrine-disrupting activities was observed through anaerobic digestion and composting process. The estrogens-degrading consortia consist of until now uncultured species or bacteria already known to degrade estrogens or others organic pollutants. Brevundimonas diminuta was involved in the degradation of estradiol
Heninger, Ingrid. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la spéciation du sélénium et de l'étain dans les stations d'épuration d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3040.
Massé, Anthony. "Bioréacteur à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : spécificités physico-chimiques du milieu biologique et colmatage." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0036.
This study describes and analyses the interactions which exist between the biological medium specificities coming from a submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and fouling. The MBR was compared with an activated sludge process, both fed with the same urban wastewater. The purification efficiencies of both processes were compared for the same operating conditions and at different sludge ages. The influence of membrane and sludge age on supernatant (soluble polymer, COD) and floc characteristics (diameter, fractal dimension, bound exopolymer, sludge volume index, turbidity) was analysed. Sludge production for both systems were calculated and confronted with models. Moreover, we mentioned the main mechanisms implied in long and short term fouling. Finally, the specific role of soluble/colloidal proteins and polysaccharides on deposit structuring was underlined
Huynh, Tinh Nghi Nina. "Caractérisation des eaux résiduaires urbaines par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution : influence de la stratégie analytique, limitations et perspectives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 12, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA120026.
Many emerging micropollutants (such as personal care products, antibiotics, endocrine disruptors, etc.) are present in urban waters, but little is known about their behaviour and transformation products in wastewater treatment plants and in the environment. Conventional targeted analytical methods used for the analysis of these substances allow them to be detected and quantified at trace levels in different environmental matrices. However, these techniques rely on the use of reference standards that are not available for all compounds, let alone for transformation products that are often poorly characterized or simply unknown. With the emergence of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), new analysis strategies (called suspect or non-targeted approaches) have been developed in recent years. They allow the detection of a large number of signals and thus contribute to the analysis of known or unknown compounds. However, these new analytical methods are time consuming and complex and many studies focus on a limited number of prioritized signals. The objective of this work was to characterize the analytical methods available for this type of analysis, from sample preparation to data analysis through chromatographic separation, with global approaches, in order to "track" organic pollutants in urban waters by HRMS..Therefore, the first part of our work focused on the comparison of data processing methods in non-targeted analysis. Different softwares have been used and compared in order to get the maximum information from the data acquired by HRMS. Firstly, their capacity to precisely identify compounds was evaluated. As this data exploitation strategy is time consuming, more global characterization methods were then implemented in order to obtain faster results from data acquired by HRMS, without reducing the accuracy of the information obtained. This work has allowed the implementation of a workflow to process data containing ion mobility information that are not yet supported by the majority of existing algorithms.The second part of this work consisted in evaluating the influence of methods, both of sample preparation and analysis, of organic micropollutants in urban waters. Different protocols were applied to the same sample in order to compare the type of compounds retained and detected by the methods used. These methods were compared in terms of richness of information and range of physico-chemical properties covered. Numerous differences were highlighted depending on the strategy applied, showing that it is impossible to characterize a sample as a whole using a single protocol. Our wish was to characterize as well as possible the methods used in order to bring information on the type of compounds which are potentially analyzable by each one of them and thus that the users do it in knowledge of the facts.These approaches were then tested through the evaluation of the performance of advanced treatment processes for the removal of organic micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants. Different oxidation processes (ozonation, UV photolysis, chlorination, use of peracids) were studied in order to evaluate their influence on the removal mechanisms of organic micropollutants, especially in terms of transformation products generated. The added value of suspect and non-targeted analysis strategies was highlighted. In particular, the monitoring of the overall evolution of the samples (in relation to the number of signals observed) during the treatment process showed that different conclusions could be reached than those obtained during the targeted analysis of known or regulated compounds
Madeline, Maryline. "Evaluation du risque sanitaire (parasitaire et virologique) des boues résiduaires urbaines en agriculture et des eaux épurées dans l'environnement." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN4060.
Derlon, Nicolas. "Analyse de la compétition microbienne entre bactéries autolotrophes et hétérotrophes au sein d'un biofilm éliminant l'azote." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000285/.
Biofim reactors are used in wastewater treatment for simultaneous COD and nitrogen removal. This biological process is based on a complex bacterial consortium, composed of both autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, associated in “biofilm”. The coexistence of these populations results of a microbial competition for both the substrates and the space. This microbial competition potentially leads to process failures as decreases of the removal rates, and thus its mechanisms must be understood. In this way, the objectives of this work were: (i) to develop a model of biofilm growth, (ii) to characterize the detachment mode and its impact on the competition, (iii) and to analyze the impact of the environmental growth conditions on the competition. The main results of this work are the following : a 1-D biofilm model, since the structure allows predicting population dynamics and the biofilm reactor performances, was developed. This is a multi-species and multi-substrates model, which assumes a continuous surface detachment. An experimental study of the detachment mode was performed. Different biofilms were grown under different various and contrasted growth conditions in Couette-Taylor Reactors. Erosion process was defined as a continuous surface detachment of small particles coupled with dynamic volume events detaching large particles. Using the model, different detachment modes in terms of fraction of biofilm thickness detached and in terms of frequency were tested. The dynamic volume events determine the heterotrophic growth at the biofilm surface, and thus the availability of oxygen inside the biofilm. If oxygen is limiting in the inner zone of the biofilm, the autotrophic growth is limited or impossible. By impacting the oxygen availability, the dynamic volume events consequently govern the result of the autotrophic-heterotrophic competition. Under oxygen-limiting conditions, the comparison between numerical and experimental results shows that a simple 1-D model overpredicts the advantage of the heterotrophic growth. The impact of more complex processes on autotrophic-heterotrophic coexistence was thus evaluated. Specific heterotrophic detachment and particulate convection were shown to favour the autotrophic growth and thus the autotrophic-heterotrophic coexistence. Finally, 1-D models considering simple biological and physical processes leads to a strict stratification of the functionalities. The following question is highlighted by this work: Is the strict stratification of the microbial functionalities predicted by simple 1-D model can potentially change the result of the autotrophic-heterotrophic competition ?
Louis, Pauline. "Origine, comportement et devenir des Terres Rares dans les installations de traitements des eaux résiduaires urbaines et les milieux récepteurs associés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0021_LOUIS.pdf.
Rare Earths Elements (REEs) are naturally present in water due to the erosion of rocks. They are used in human activities (new technologies, energy, agriculture and medicine). These ever-increasing uses eventually disrupted the geochemical and life cycle of REEs and led to the enrichment (positive anomaly) of some REEs in the hydrosphere (La, Ce, Sm and Gd). For anthropogenic Gd, pollution derives from conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which are not able to remove the organic complex form of Gd used in MRI analyses. Four areas were therefore studied in order to better understand the behavior of the REEs: the French basin of the Moselle River, the Danube river basin as a whole, the WWTP of Grand Nancy, and the constructed wetland downstream the WWTP of Grand Reims. Along the Moselle River, the presence of positive Gd anomalies and a regular LREEs depletion/ HREEs enrichment pattern on sandstone/limestone substrates were the most distinctive features. In the Danube basin, the positive Gd anomaly ranged from 1.8 to 37.4 in surface water and up to 80.8 in groundwater, showing contamination of alluvial wells. Within the Greater Nancy STEU, the greatest Gd inflows were observed during weekdays (Tuesday and Wednesday), and at the end of the day (7 p.m. to 10 p.m.). Treatment processes did not affect anthropogenic Gd, but increased LREE/HREE fractionation. The waters of the artificial wetland were those with the highest values of positive Gd anomalies (up to 4500). It was shown that the magnitude of Gd anomalies depended on the methodological approach chosen for their calculation. The choice of a threshold value to identify the presence of an anthropogenic Gd anomaly may therefore be basin dependent and may be tricky in areas where anthropogenic pressure is low
Beraud, Benoît. "Méthodologie d’optimisation du contrôle/commande des usines de traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines basée sur la modélisation et les algorithmes génétiques multi-objectifs." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20049.
The work presented in this thesis concerns the development of an optimization methodology for control laws of wastewater treatment plants. This work is based on the use of WWTP process models in order to simulate their operation. These simulations are used by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, NSGA-II. This optimization algorithm allows the search of optimal solutions when multiple objectives are considered (e. G. The effluent quality, energy consumption, etc. ). It also enables the visualisation of compromises arising between various control laws as well as their respective best domains of application. In a first part of this work, the optimization methodology in developed around four main axes: the conception of a robust simulation procedure, the choice of input datasets for the simulations, the choice of objectives and constraints to consider and the evaluation of long term performances and robustness of control laws. This methodology is then applied on the literature case study of BSM1. In a second part of the work, the methodology is applied on the real case study of Cambrai wastewater treatment plant. This application includes the development of new aspects like the generation of dynamic input datasets out of daily monitoring measurements of the wastewater treatment plant, as well as the simulation of control laws based on oxydo-reduction potential measurements. This application allowed to analyze the compromises between the control law currently tested on the wastewater treatment plant and a new control law foreseen. The benefits of this modification could hence be clearly observed
Paiva, Sampaio Sergio. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines par infiltration-percolation sur massif sableux : essais sur stations pilotes de grandes tailles." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120012.
Deleris, Stéphane. "Réduction de la production de boue lors du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : analyse du traitement combiné : ozonation et traitement biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0038.
Elimination of excess sludge produced by biological wastewater treatment is an important issue of the next decade. Due to the constraints inherent to the current practices for sludge disposal, research efforts are focused on processes that reduce sludge production simultaneously to treating wastewater. The association of a chemical oxidation step (with ozone) with an activated sludge process can lead to a significant reduction of sludge production. Experimental and simulation approaches, were employed to analyse the main mechanisms of sludge production. Results showed the major influence of the accumulation of particular inert organic compounds coming from the influent and from the decay of biomass. Il ozonation treatment improves the biodegradability of those compounds, simulations confirms that total reduction of excess sludge production could be reached. Batch experiments of sludge ozonation show the solubilising effect if ozone and also demonstrate the biodegradability improvements of the solubilised matter and significant inactivation of biomass. The obtained results allow generation of a simulation model on the effect of ozone on sludge. Using this model combined with the existing biological model confirms the potential of the combined process. Continuous experiments at pilot scale confirm that the association of ozonation treatment with an activated sludge process allows total reduction of excess organic sludge production and also leads to the reduction of mineral sludge production. The optimization of the way of applying ozone (dosage, treatment frequency) appears to be a key point to guarantee the efficiency of the ozonation treatment. The obtained data show that ozone treatment lead to the production of non settleable refractory COD in the effluent. Significant improvements in sludge settling characteristics and conservation of nitrifying activity are also observed. The results of this work confirm the applicability of the combined process
Nabintu, kajoka Christelle. "Utilisation de l’acide performique en traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : Réactivité avec les micropolluants organiques et stratégies d’intégration au sein de procédés d’oxydation avancée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2023/TH2023ENPC0048.pdf.
This thesis is part of phase 5 of the "OPUR: Urban Pollutants Observatory" program and aims to enhance the understanding and elimination of pharmaceuticals (pharmaceutical residues) in the context of urban wastewater treatment processes. The presence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater is primarily attributed to widespread drug use in urban areas, particularly through human excretion. The insufficient removal of these pharmaceuticals by wastewater treatment plants is the main cause of their presence in aquatic environments.To mitigate the risks associated with these micropollutants for aquatic flora and fauna, the addition of an advanced (tertiary) treatment to conventional wastewater treatment plants is one of the possible solutions. This approach would result in the reduction of the concentration of these emerging micropollutants in wastewater plant effluents.The significance of this study lies in the use of performic acid, a disinfectant employed to improve the quality of effluent discharged in the Seine River by the wastewater treatment plants in preparation for the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games to be held in Paris. Thus, this study aims to optimize the conditions for using this disinfectant, either individually or in conjunction with other oxidants in tertiary (advanced) oxidation processes, for the removal of pharmaceuticals.Various experiments, initially conducted using deionized water, revealed the pronounced yet selective reactivity of performic acid towards organic compounds containing reduced sulfur or deprotonated tertiary amines, with the primary oxidation mechanism involving the transfer of an oxygen atom.In urban wastewater, performic acid exhibits relatively high reactivity with the pharmaceuticals under investigation, and their removal is significantly influenced by the diverse constituents present in the effluent. Some of these constituents could activate performic acid, thereby generating reactive species that can effectively reduce a greater number of pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the efficacy of performic acid in eliminating polar organic micropollutants, a task often challenging for conventional treatment processes. The combination of performic acid with UV-C photolysis or ozone significantly improved the removal of pharmaceuticals resistant to performic acid alone
Beraud, Benoit. "Méthodologie d'optimisation du contrôle/commande des usines de traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines basée sur la modélisation et les algorithmes génétiques multi-objectifs." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457236.
Casellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.
Wastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions
BURVINGT, FLORENCE. "Nitrification et dénitrification des eaux résiduaires urbaines dans les stations d'épuration : maîtrise des processus en boues activées en bassin unique avec dissociation de l'aération et du brassage." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13211.
Diallo, Martine. "Infiltration-percolation sur sable et sur fibre de coco, filtres plantes et épuration d'eaux usées domestiques à dominance agroalimentaire sous climat tropical sec : cas des eaux résiduaires urbaines de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00754938.
Mailler, Romain. "Devenir des micropolluants prioritaires et émergents dans les filières conventionnelles de traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines (files eau et boues), et au cours du traitement tertiaire par charbon actif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1060/document.
The first chapter is dedicated to the conventional primary and biological treatments. Hence, removals of a wide range of priority and emerging micropollutants were assessed for primary settling, physico-chemical lamellar settling, low load activated sludge process and biofiltration. Hydrophobic compounds and metals, as well as volatile organic compounds and biodegradable pollutants are rather well eliminated by these treatments. Moreover, considering removals normalized with nitrogen removals, the physico-chemical lamellar settling + biofiltration wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is as efficient as the primary settling + low load activated sludge WWTP, despite its lower hydraulic retention time and its higher compactness. As a complement, the analysis in 3 WWTP effluents from SIAAP of 55 pharmaceuticals and hormones (PPHs) and 6 other emerging pollutants allowed characterizing the contamination of these discharges, and highlighting the high occurrence of 14 compounds at concentrations above 100 ng/L. In the second chapter, the contamination by micropollutants of different types of Parisian sewage sludges was assessed, as well as their fate during sludge treatments. Various compounds, such as alkylphenols, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), metals, organotins, phthalates, polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated acids (PFAs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PPHs, were quantified in raw, centrifuged, digested, thermally dried sludges and sludge cakes (cooking + press-filtering). Some of them (LAS, metals, PCBs) are not eliminated or less than dry matter by sludge treatments resulting in a content increase, while others (alkylphenols, organotins, PBDEs, PPHs, PFAs) are more removed than dry matter by anaerobic digestion and thermal drying. Overall, anaerobic digestion is the most efficient sludge process. Finally, the detection of several pollutants in the centrifuged and condensed waters from centrifugation and thermal drying indicates that a transfer is occurring and that biodegradation and volatilization are not the only mechanism to be involved in micropollutant removal from sludge. The last chapter aimed at investigating the performance of a large scale pilot operating with powdered (PAC) or micro-grain activated carbon (µGAC), during 32 campaigns. Results showed that most of PPHs, alkylphenols, artificial sweeteners, parabens and pesticides are efficiently removed (> 80%) by activated carbon in fluidized bed at moderate doses (10-20 g/m3). Furthermore, the activated carbon dose has a great influence on performances, whether with PAC or µGAC. Then, µGAC has several operational advantages (reactivability, ease of operation, high solid retention time, no need for coagulant/flocculant addition to handle the fluidized bed) over the PAC together with similar performances at a similar fresh µGAC dose (20 gµGAC/m3 ≈ 20 gPAC/m3). In addition this type of process allows an improvement of the conventional wastewater quality parameters, especially µGAC which retains total suspended solids and eliminates totally nitrites. Finally, a correlation between micropollutant and UV-254 removals has been confirmed, suggesting that this parameter could be used as a performances indicator. The complementary laboratory scale experiments performed within this chapter allowed understanding better the PAC adsorption mechanism in wastewater. The correlation between the specific surface, the bulk density of the PAC and PPHs removal has been displayed, as well as the importance of the fresh PAC dose and the contact time. Moreover, the positive effect of FeCl3 and negative influence of the quantity and quality of organic matter on micropollutant adsorption have been observed
Atinkpahoun, Nelly Chrystelle Houéfa. "Relations entre la variabilité de la pollution des eaux usées urbaines et les contextes géographiques, socio-économiques et culturels au Bénin et en France." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0092/document.
Untreated and / or inadequate treatment of wastewater is one of the main causes of water resource pollution. To remedy this it is important to establish functional sanitation infrastructure and optimize their performance. Improving control strategies is the main action of this optimization, and modeling is one of the challenges. To do this, the present work aims to provide specific knowledge on the variability of urban wastewater of Cotonou and Grand Nancy and to have experimental data to be used for short or medium term for the development of a generation model of virtual wastewater. The work consisted in sampling for several months the urban wastewater at the entrance of STEP (« Vie-Nouvelle » city in Cotonou and Maxéville in Grand-Nancy) through hourly samples over 24 hours. In Cotonou, samples were also taken from the collectors. In-situ were taken measurements of the flow. In the laboratory are made on samples specific analyses of pollutant dosing. Simulation of wastewater variability is also done using a virtual wastewater generation model. From the works, the following observations emerge: - flows from STEP (Grand-Nancy) show daily variability with three peaks respectively at around 10 am, 2 pm and 9 pm on weekdays and characterized on weekend days by a 2% decrease (Saturdays) and 9% (Sundays) with a delay of 2 hours in the appearance of the first peak of the day ; - Wastewater of Cotonou exhibit greater pollution than urban wastewater of Grand-Nancy although Population Equivalent connected to the STEP of Cotonou (≈ 1,200 PE) is far lower than that of Grand-Nancy (≈ 275,000 PE) ; - Nevertheless, there is a higher electrical conductivity of wastewater from Greater Nancy and a higher excess of Europium compared to that of Cotonou wastewater ; - The daily variability for all the parameters in the catchments is very pronounced, except for the pH which has a similarity in the two geographical contexts ; - the virtual wastewater generation model is well integrated with the lifestyle of the Grand-Nancy catchment basin and showed simulations of flow and pollution variations similar to actual experimental variations ; - research and model development is continuing to extend the model to heavy metals and apply it to collection basins ; The model allows to bridge data gaps, giving higher frequencies to dynamic data, create various wastewater variability distubance scenarios in virtual situation and make real situations predictions for improved performance of WWTP
Benneouala, Mourad. "Biodegradation of slowly biodegradable organic matter in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) : In depth analysis of physical and biological factors affecting hydrolysis of large particles." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0003/document.
In this work, the fate and biodegradation of slowly biodegradable organic matter contained in wastewaters were investigated. The hydrolysis process was particularly targeted as many sources proved that it controls the fate of the considered substrate. First, a synopsis of the literature results related to this topic as well as internal results were investigated especially in terms of respirometric aspects (OUR measurement) in order to identify differences and/or similarities between the experiments and, thus, address gaps in knowledge of the mechanisms that are involved in the hydrolysis of this matter. Then, in the second part of this thesis, experimental data from batch respirometric tests (performed in our laboratory), involving typical slowly biodegradable matter that are found in wastewaters (e.g. Particulate settleable solids, toilet paper…), were confronted to conventional (IAWQ models) and non-conventional models to evaluate the efficiencies of those models to describe the hydrolysis step. In the third part of this thesis, based on hypotheses, a novel conceptual framework was developed in order to enhance the description of the hydrolysis process. The physical properties (density, size, shape) of the components (bacteria and substrate) were taken into account in this model. Finally, in the fourth and last chapter of this thesis, the specific role of each bacterial population involved in the biodegradation of slowly biodegradable organic matter was assessed. It was here clearly evidenced that the hydrolysis of PSS in activated sludge processes appears more influenced by the initially adsorbed bacteria onto the sewage than by the added AS-inoculum concentration
Oliveira, Filho Marcos Antônio. "Etude de la dégradation des membranes de filtration polymères exploitées en bioréacteurs à membranes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30060.
While membrane bioreactors (MBR) have been broadly applied to wastewater treatment, a comprehensive study of the aging of membrane materials under operating conditions of MBR at full-scale is necessary in order to understand and to anticipate it. Thus, the present research aim (i) to analyse the chemical action of sodium hypochlorite to commercial polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hollow fibers used in MBR, (ii) to describe membrane ageing of such materials in urban wastewater full-scale MBR based on a coupled characterization of harvested membranes and full-scale process indicators. To that end, ZeeWeed® 500D membranes were aged at bench-scale by single soaking in hypochlorite solution at a concentration (1000 ppm) and pH (9.0) similar to MBR cleaning protocols. In addition, membranes were sampled between 2016 and 2021 from modules from two urban wastewater treatment plants (capacities of 50,000 m3/d and 300,000 m3/d, respectively). Simultaneously, process data were collected and analyzed. Both bench-scale and full-scale aged hollow-fibers were characterized using similar analytical methods and compared considering the chlorine exposure dose (C x t). Significant differences were found between ageing mechanisms at both scales. At bench-scale, membranes presented stable mechanical properties. Three distinctive phases were observed for the changes on intrinsic permeability with an initial increasing phase up to a C x t of 78,000 ppm.h (+ 90% with respect to the initial permeability), because of hydrophilic agent degradation and the formation of small pores (diameter < 20 nm). Then, a decreasing phase is observed (from 78,000 ppm.h to 150,000 ppm.h), caused by a decline in porosity, likely due to a restructuration of PVDF chains. After 150,000 ppm.h, intrinsic permeability seemed to fluctuate around its initial values. At full-scale, a decline in mechanical properties is highlighted, probably linked to the dynamic conditions in the MBR (i.e. filtration, aeration and backwashing). Moreover, an increase in permeability is observed during the studied period (< 98,000 ppm.h) because of a more pronounced oxidation/dislodgement of PVP molecules (25% vs 40% from the initial PVP content, for full- and bench-scale respectively) leading to a higher porosity and the appearance of bigger pores (diameter > 40 nm). These changes favored irreversible fouling in contrary to bench-scale ageing. At full-scale, permeability index (the ratio of permeate flux and transmembrane pressure during the process) after each cleaning-in-place protocol decreases to around 20% over the studied period for both facilities. This decline is well correlated to the PVP content and intrinsic permeability, allowing the determination of key indicators to monitor membrane ageing. This study showed that understanding the mechanisms behind the action of NaOCl on supported PVDF membranes may not represent what actually occurs at full-scale operation. A non-negligible contribution of filtration conditions, mechanical stress due to aeration and backwashes, and residual fouling, specific to onsite operating conditions, may significantly change ageing mechanisms. Continuous autopsies of harvested fibers over the years and monitoring consistent full-scale operating indicators are still needed