Дисертації з теми "Eau de géothermie"
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Boissy, Edouard. "La géothermie." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P103.
Повний текст джерелаGenter, Albert. "Géothermie roches chaudes sèches : le granite de Soultz-sous-Forêts (Bas-Rhin, France) : fracturation naturelle, altérations hydrothermales et interaction eau-roche." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2038.
Повний текст джерелаLeca, Marie-Ange. "Développement de stratégies innovantes pour la valorisation de digestats de méthanisation via la culture de Spiruline." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3070.
Повний текст джерелаAnaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process capable of converting a wide variety of organic residues such as biowastes, agricultural residues and energetic crops into renewable energy (biogas) and a fertilizing product (digestate) rich in macro/micro nutrients. In recent years, the number of anaerobic digestion plants in France has risen considerably from around 300 units in 2013 to 1494 in 2023. The management of a growing volume of digestate and the environmental concerns associated with its land application are motivating the search for new valorization pathways. In this context, this thesis focuses on cyanobacteria culture as an innovative strategy for treating both liquid digestate and biogenic CO2 coming from AD, while producing a new biomass of interest at the same time. Due to its complex composition, digestate often needs to be diluted with water to reduce its toxicity for microalgae and cyanobacteria growth. In the first study, geothermal water was investigated as a substitute for fresh water to reduce the environmental footprint of the cultivation process. Four digestates from industrial plants were sampled and tested for A. platensis cultivation using several dilution factors and two types of water (demineralized vs. geothermal). Laboratory tests showed that the use of geothermal water did not significantly affect A. platensis growth profiles compared with demineralized water. The results were then validated in 6 L photobioreactors, incorporating pH regulation by CO2 injection. Productivities ranging from 81 to 136 mg/L/d were achieved during these assays.The second study explored the digestate pretreatment by ion exchange process to reduce its toxicity and decrease the required water for preparing culture media. Zeolite, a porous crystalline aluminosilicate material with high affinity for ammonium, was tested at laboratory (0.45 L) and at pilot (15.5 L) scales using packed adsorption columns. After 24 hours of treatment with 0.5 kg/L of zeolite, the initial ammonium concentration of 2250 mgN/L in the digestate was reduced below 120 mgN/L corresponding to a treatment efficiency of 95% and an average adsorption capacity of 4.1 mg/gzeolite at both scales. A. platensis cultures demonstrated the possibility of considerably reducing the dilution rate from 20x with the untreated digestate to 1x (no dilution) for the treated digestate. The scale-up experiment demonstrated that cultivation in 6 L photobioreactors using the treated and undiluted digestate was feasible. However, further optimization is necessary to maximize biomass productivity (33 mg/L/d) and nutrient assimilation, such as ammonium uptake where only 53% of removal was observed.All the results obtained in this thesis were used to set up digestate pre-treatment and A. platensis cultivation trials under outdoor weather conditions. A total of six treatments with zeolite (250 g/L) were carried out on a pilot scale to treat 53 L of digestate, showing efficient repeatability between treatments with an average ammonium removal of 81 ± 4%. As part of this study, two types of 100 L open (raceway) and closed (bubble column) reactors were studied and compared over 150 days of cultivation in an experimental greenhouse based in the South-West of France. Following this, digestate-based cultures were compared with conventional synthetic culture medium and two cultures strategies were investigated using fresh or acclimated inoculum in batch to batch systems. The systemic use of fresh A. platensis inoculum during repeated batches resulted in higher and more repeatable biomass productivities than with acclimated inoculum. In addition, open reactors led to an important loss of water due to evaporation throughout the experiment, accounting for 27± 9%Vtot. Finally, biomass productivity of 10 ± 3 mg/L/d were obtained in both reactors using zeolite pretreated digestate diluted 5 times with geothermal water
Trillat-Berdal, Valentin. "Intégration énergétique dans les bâtiments par l'utilisation combinée de l ‘énergie solaire et de la géothermie basse température." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS022.
Повний текст джерелаThe presented work is focused on the study of a solar combisystem which meets domestic hot water and heating-cooling building energy needs. Solar heat is used as a priority for domestic hot water heating and when the preset water temperature is reached, excess solar energy is injected into the ground via boreholes. Solar energy can also be used to heat directly the building thanks to a direct solar floor. This system has the advantage of contributing to balancing the ground loads, increasing the operating time of the solar collectors and preventing overheating problems. This solar combisystem has been installed in a 180 m2 private residence. An experimental study, which has started 18 months ago, shows that the process is operational. The total electric consumption of the process (heat pump's compressor, domestic hot water extra heating, circulation pumps) has a value of 26 kWh/m² for the two heating seasons. The experimental study shows that the injection of heat into the ground has low impacts on the yearly energy balance of the process. Simulations of the numerical model of the process, developed with the TRNSYS software, shows that combined solar thermal collector with ground-coupled heat pump is not interesting for individual houses in term of performances. Nevertheless, using solar energy to reinject heat into the ground is a good solution for public buildings and tertiary sector for which the borehole heat exchangers concentration in the ground is more important. The process has been simulated in a public building (36 apartments, 96 occupants). These simulations show that if the solar heat injected into the ground is fewer than 45% of the heat extracted, there is a risk to freeze the water contained in the refill material and in the ground. If the cooling function of the heat pump is not used, 300 m² of solar thermal collectors allow to reinject into the ground 78% of the heat extracted and the risk of freezing is avoided. This surface of solar thermal collectors allows to stabilize the long term performances of the heat pump (diminution of the heat pump's COP of 6% after 20 years). This surface is oversized by 3 with respect to the domestic hot water requirements alone
Sardini, Paul. "Microperméabilité du granite de Soultz-sous-Forêts : traitement d'images et expérimentation." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2340.
Повний текст джерелаRouleau, Jean. "Développement d'un nouveau concept de test de réponse thermo-hydraulique pour échangeurs de chaleur géothermiques verticaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26537.
Повний текст джерелаIt is important to know the subsurface thermal conductivity and the groundwater flow parameters (i.e. its velocity and orientation) when sizing a geothermal borefield. This master’s thesis presents a methodology and the conclusions of a numerical analysis of a novel thermal response test (TRT) concept for vertical geothermal heat exchangers. This configuration of TRT is able to measure both the hydraulic and the thermal properties of the ground. The main objective behind this work is to validate the concept and then to develop an efficient methodology to obtain from the thermal response of the TRT an estimation of the ground thermal conductivity along with the velocity and the orientation of groundwater flows. To achieve this, a numerical model of borehole was built using the finite element method. This model was then used to simulate the thermal response for various conditions. From these simulations, it has been possible to demonstrate the potential of the concept and to elaborate methodologies to find the desired properties. A graphical method is first presented. Following that, inverse problem techniques were applied to get a second measurement methodology. Results show that the suggested TRT is able to find the parameters in most of the cases.
Bataillé, Arnaud. "Modélisation de la circulation thermoconvective en milieu fracturé : application à la géothermie des roches chaudes et fracturées à Soult-sous-Forêts (France)." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30249.
Повний текст джерелаBailly, Armelle. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la stabilité des phyllosilicates soumis a un fort gradient thermique : Test dans le contexte du site géothermique de Soultz-sous-Forêts." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/BAILLY_Armelle_2003.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThermodynamic data of hydrated phyllosilicates, in particular clay minerals are not well known. The stability fields of these minerals are not well determined; following some authors they even do not exist. We have developed an experimental approach, in which a sequence of local equilibrium states between a fluid and minerals take place in a closed gold cell along a strong thermal gradient. The experiments were conducted in the chemical systems : Mg-Al-Si-H2O (MASH), K-Al-Si-H2O (KASH), and K-Mg-Al-Si-H2O (KMASH). The sequences of crystallization observed along the thermal gradient are the same if one exchanges the position of the cells containing the initial reacting materials with respect to the thermal gradient end-members. The crystallization sequences correspond to local equilibrium states. Following the temperature increase (from 200 to 350ʿC) one observes the following sequences : dioctahedral smectite ? trioctahedral smectite; kaolinite ? donbassite ? trioctahedral chlorite; smectite ? illite ? muscovite ; or even kaolinite ? illite + smectite ? donbassite ; commonly observed in hydrothermal systems. They allow to develop a thermodynamic model for hydrated phyllosilicates, taking into account their hydration state as a function of temperature. This model shows the stability fields of clay minerals between 200 and 350ʿC. The chemical and mineralogical dynamics showed in these experimental systems has been applied to predict the possible dissolutions and/or precipitations which may take place between the circulated hot fluid and the geothermal granitic reservoir in the geothermal system at Soultz-sous-Forêts. These processes may affect the duration of the geothermal reservoir, as a function of evolution in the morphology of the porosity. Our experimental approach shows that feldspars and smectites are forming the major part of the total volume of silicates which may precipitate in addition to carbonates already described in previous studies
Martinez, Serrano Raymundo Gerardo. "Caractérisation minéralogique, géochimique et isotopique du champ géothermique de Los Humeros, Mexique : interactions fluide-roche dans un système à fluide mixte (eau-vapeur)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL003N.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Jifang. "Étude du comportement hydromécanique d'une fracture rocheuse sous contrainte normale : développement d'un modèle numérique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL039N.
Повний текст джерелаCollet, Thierry. "Hydrodynamique d'un réservoir fissuré profond en domaine de socle : site du Cézallier (Massif central français), Programme Géologie profonde de la France." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20216.
Повний текст джерелаBaldeyrou-Bailly, Armelle. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la stabilité des phyllosilicates soumis à un fort gradient thermique. Test dans le contexte du site géothermique de Soultz-sous-Forêts." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009986.
Повний текст джерелаDuriez, Alban. "Origine et processus de minéralisation d'eaux thermales en milieu continental méditerranéen : Cas du système géothermal des thermopyles (Grèce)." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112356.
Повний текст джерелаLix, Claire. "Present-day fluid-rock interaction in a sedimentary basin : study case of the Granada Basin (Betic Cordillera, Spain)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS200.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding fluid circulations in sedimentary basins plays a critical role in the diverse fields of energy and natural resources. In this thesis, a geochemical approach is developed to characterize the present-day groundwater geochemistry and to investigate the reactions affecting a sedimentary system, taking the Granada Basin as a regional study case. Helium isotopic composition of bubbling and dissolved gases has been investigated to set constrains on the lithospheric structure of the area. We found that the He isotopic composition has a dominant radiogenic component with a mantle-derived He contribution reaching mainly 1 %. The evaluation of helium transport mechanisms shows that the crustal system is currently dissociated from the mantle system. We therefore propose that the observed mantle-derived He could result from fossil mantle contribution associated to crustal production from Li-rich rocks. Water-rock interactions in the Central Betic Cordillera have been investigated by characterizing the low- to medium-enthalpy thermal systems. This study, combining geothermometrical methods, shows a strong relationship between the temperature and the pCO2 in the reservoir and highlights the role of the potential mineral buffers of both the sedimentary infilling and the basement on the reactivity of CO2. Further investigations on the reactivity within the Granada Basin allow us to give insights on the groundwater flows at the scale of the whole basin. The evolution of the groundwater saturation with respect to carbonates, alumino-silicates, and sulfates allows to assess the possible flow paths in the basin and to apprehend a conceptual reactive transport model
Cazenave, Florian. "Modélisation et simulation de l’encrassement des échangeurs de chaleur pour eaux géothermales." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3013/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the framework of the theme devoted to the energy transition, the “Laboratoire de Thermique Energétique et Procédés” (LaTEP) is working on deep geothermal energy. This thesis focuses on the study of the fouling phenomenon of surface heat exchangers and more specifically on the modelling and the simulation of the evolution of a deposit. Fouling leads to loss of efficiency and requires means of prevention and cleaning, leading to huge over-costs. The proposed general model describes heterogeneous reactions between two multi-component phases, one liquid and the other solid. The liquid phase is a solution containing ions diluted in a solvent, while the solid is composed of immobile constituents. Transport by electro-migration is taken into account in the description. At the interface between the two phases, multiple heterogeneous reactions occur. The boundary conditions involves the interface’s velocity and allow a complete coupling between the two domains. This general model is then applied to the particular case of fouling of a pipe by salt formation and is solved using Comsol Multiphysics. Simulation of a simplified case of fouling from barium sulfate allowed an analysis of the phenomenology of the deposit growth. It highlights the effects of changes in solubility and kinetics caused by the temperature drop in the tube, as well as the effect of radial mobility of the species by diffusion, limiting the growth. Electro-migration contributes significantly to transport but does not influence the thickness of the deposit. The hypothesis of an instantly balanced barite crystallization reaction leads to an overestimation of the fouling. In a second time, more species are added to the water’s composition in order to study the influence of the presence of sodium chloride at 1 mol.L-1. Finally, the addition of strontium ions leads to co-precipitation of barite and celestine
Garnier, Frédéric. "Contribution à l’évaluation biogéochimique des impacts liés à l’exploitation géothermique des aquifères superficiels : expérimentations et simulations à l’échelle d’un pilote et d’installations réelles." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2079/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of shallow groundwater as heat source for heat pump is very coveted for air-conditioning of building or industrial facilities. Their intensive use during many years combined with the redeployment of the geothermal industry these last years, raise concerns about the safeguarding of the water resources. In such a context, the present study aims to evaluate the impact of local variations of temperature on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of groundwater systems on the basis of (I) field investigation and, (II) experiments on a pilot (named BIOTHERMEX) making it possible to reproduce, in perfectly supervised conditions, the effect of the propagation of a thermal plume in a reduced aquifer model. Within the temperature recorded on site, principal outcomes showed that thermal impacts are confined in the immediate vicinity of the installation, and were able to deteriorate, up to about ten degrees, the stenothermy of the groundwater systems. The evolution of the physicochemical parameters did not reveal any significant disturbances over the monitoring period, this being also predicted by hydrogeochemical modeling. On the other hand, a significant influence was raised about some microbiological indicators-descriptors (namely activity, diversity of the total microflora). Lastly, the experiments undertaken on the laboratory scale made it possible to finely apprehend the reactional behavior of the system and to define a critical temperature of re-injection beyond which, potential disorders are expected
Samson, Martin. "New sizing methodology for cost minimization of ground coupled heat pump systems considering groundwater flow." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29876.
Повний текст джерелаThis master’s thesis introduces a new sizing methodology for ground coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems which takes into account groundwater flow in order to achieve a technoeconomic optimization of the total cost of the project. A literature review is presented and the problem is defined in order to show missing elements from current GCHP sizing procedures. The new sizing procedure includes hydrogeological data, building thermal loads, and GCHP system costs, while improving actual design methodologies by including an analytical approach for groundwater flow in the heat transfer simulation of the borefield. The research methodology is presented, including the optimization strategy, the G-functions used during energy simulations, and the challenges encountered during this master’s degree. The G-functions are calculated with two analytical models: infinite cylinder source (ICS) and moving finite line source (MFLS). A new mathematical simplification for the integration of G-functions in the optimization routine is derived, which considerably reduces computational time (by up to 25%) and is a new addition to current methodologies using G-functions. Testing procedures and a convergence analysis are also discussed. The new sizing methodology includes the calculation of the initial and the annual operational costs. Optimal design variables (borehole depths, distance between consecutive boreholes, etc.) and borefield layouts (number of boreholes in the x -direction) are presented for different values of ground thermal conductivity and groundwater velocity. In addition, a parametric study is done to measure the impact of the groundwater flow velocity and angle with respect to the borefield on the economics of the project. A simultaneous comparison of the initial and operational costs is also completed, as it can provide interesting insights for multi-criterion design processes. Finally, optimized designs are tested under off-design operating conditions.
Grimaud, Daniel. "Etude géochimique et géothermométrique des eaux thermominérales des Alpes françaises." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077115.
Повний текст джерелаDarnet, Mathieu. "Caractérisation et suivi de circulations de fluides par la mesure de Potentiels Spontanés (PS)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/DARNET_Mathieu_2003.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGairoard, Stéphanie. "CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE L'IMPACT DES ANCIENS TRAVAUX MINIERS DE CHARBON SUR LES EAUX SOUTERRAINES : APPLICATION A LA REGION D'ALES (GARD)." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410955.
Повний текст джерелаCertaines émergences présentent une qualité qui rend impossible leur rejet direct dans l'environnement et il est important dans cette situation de bien définir la masse d'eau concernée. Pour cela, nous avons élaboré un modèle hydrodynamique par automates séquentiels. Il est appliqué aux anciens travaux de Rochebelle-St-Martin, aboutissant à la détermination des paramètres perméabilité et épaisseur du réservoir par reconstitution du niveau piézométrique du réservoir tout en tenant compte d'un pompage encore maintenu dans l'exploitation. Cette modélisation permet de mieux connaître les paramètres définissant l'aquifère minier dans la perspective d'exploiter cette réserve. Ces eaux de mines présentent une qualité médiocre. A partir d'une meilleure connaissance hydrodynamique du système, obtenue par la modélisation, il devient possible de proposer une valorisation de cette eau par utilisation de ses calories en géothermie connaissant la géométrie du réservoir minier. Les anciennes exploitations minières sont à nouveau source d'énergie.
Gairoard, Stéphanie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact des anciens travaux miniers de charbon sur les eaux souterraines : application à la région d'Alès (Gard)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL035N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the quantitative and qualitative impacts, linked to the abandonment of the mining works on Alès coal basin. This work consisted in analysis and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data on the waters outflows of former coal mines in order to determine the chemical composition of groundwaters outflows and the water chemistry. For that, we used principal component analysis, diagrams of Piper and Schoeller-Berkalov on all waters outflows. Secondly, we analyzed the temporal evolution of concentrations of each element for the waters outflows. The quantitative aspect is therefore considered by the synthesis of knowledge available on the mining reservoir of Fontanes (geology, spatial distribution, pumping data and piezometrics levels). Some groundwaters outflows have a quality that makes their direct discharge into the environment impossible and it is important, in this situation, to define the affected body of the water. For that, we have developed a hydrodynamical model by sequential automaton. It is applied to the former works of Rochebelle-St-Martin de Valgalgues leading to the determination of the parameters permeability and thickness of mining aquifer recovery of piezometric level of the reservoir while taking into account a pumping still maintained. This model will lead to a better comprehension of the parameters defining the aquifer in the mining perspective to exploit this reserve. The mine water has a poor quality. After a better knowledge obtained by a hydrodynamical modeling, it becomes realistic to propose a recovery of this water by use of its calories from geothermal and knowing the geometry of the tank mine
Abida, Hafedh. "La modélisation des sols non saturés. Analyse numérique." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENPC9232.
Повний текст джерелаFor modelling the mechanical and air/water flow behaviour of unsaturated soils, an incremental law relating the soil deformation to the variations of both total stresses and suctions was adopted, in addition to non-linear relationships between the water and air permeabilities and the void ratio and the degree of saturation. As a first step, the soil was assumed to be elastic, and non-linearity was introduced only for water and air flows. The application of the principle of virtual works together with the finite element method lead to solving a non-linear and non-symmetric system. The numerical solution of this system was achieved by (1) implementing two-dimensional consolidation elements for unsaturated media within the multipurpose finite element program CESAR-LCPC and (2) developing an iterative algorithm for solving the non-symmetric system of equations, as part of a new subroutine, named CSNS, which was introduced in the program CESAR-LCPC to handle consolidation of isotropic unsaturated soils. In the second stage of development, the soil was assumed to be elastoplastic, which means that both mechanical and hydraulic (water and air) non-linearities were considered. This required to extend the capabilities of the consolidation subroutine CSNS, by the introduction of a new elastroplastic consitutive model, named MEINOS ; the implementation of this model required the combination of the variable stiffness method for solving hydraulic (water and air) non-linearities and of the initial stress method for solving mechanical (strain) non-linearities. The model, and its implementation in the program CESAR-LCPC were tested on one-dimensional and two-dimensional meshes. The numerical results obtained from the analysis of sample problems showed that the constitutive law used in this model together with coupling the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour could produce encouraging answers from both a mechanical and hydraulic point of view
Garnier, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'évaluation biogéochimique des impacts liés à l'exploitation géothermique des aquifères superficiels : Expérimentations et simulations à l'échelle d'un pilote et d'installations réelles." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910204.
Повний текст джерелаMichaux, Laurent. "Altérations supergènes et hydrothermales des roches basiques et ultrabasiques : pétrologie, géochimie et modélisations thermodynamiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30058.
Повний текст джерелаBurté, Luc. "Etude des risques de colmatage et optimisation des procédés de traitement des doublets géothermiques superficiels." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe sustainability of geothermal systems using shallow aquifers for heating, cooling and hot water production depends on the possibility to ensure, over long time-scales, the production and the reinjection of groundwater in the aquifer. Clogging of the geothermal loop is a major issue affecting the technical and economic viabilities of numerous operations in France. The understanding and prediction of this phenomenon requires new methods of characterization and modelling of biogeochemical processes coupled to the operation of geothermal loops in heterogeneous subsurface environments. This thesis is thus the result of a new collaboration between the Géosciences Rennes lab and Antea group to identify the mechanisms at the origin of clogging phenomena and characterize their controlling parameters, in order to establish a risk assessment tool allowing the anticipation of clogging processes. The first part of the thesis describes the main clogging processes (biogeochemical, chemical, biological and physical). This synthesis is the result of (1) the study of the literature dealing with the clogging of water wells and (2) our feedbacks on the geothermal doublets identified and studied during this thesis. The second part presents the regional inventories of shallow geothermal systems impacted by clogging problems identified in different hydrogeological contexts in France. These inventories provide a large-scale perspective of clogging phenomena and allow to study the contexts associated with each type of clogging processes. In the third part, new methodologies for the in-situ characterization of biogeochemical clogging phenomena linked to manganese and iron oxidation are presented through case studies of sites affected by clogging issues. These interdisciplinary studies couple the measurement of hydraulic properties, chemical element concentrations and bacterial diversity, to identify the specific issue impacting the operation and to define its causes. The fourth part presents the results of an interdisciplinary field campaign carried out on a geothermal doublet impacted by a biogeochemical clogging process. This campaign documented the key components involved in mixing induced biogeochemical reactivity: flow distribution, chemical heterogeneity and microbiological diversity. Using PHREEQC, a geochemical model simulating observed kinetics of precipitation was developed in order to quantitatively explore the biogeochemical mechanisms favoring rapid clogging. Feedback from shallow geothermal systems operation has demonstrated the need for a reliable risk analysis methodology that allowed to anticipate the apparition of clogging processes at each stage of the project life (part 5). From the synthesis of the scientific & technical literature and the conclusions of the studies carried out during this thesis, the risk factors for the appearance of clogging phenomena were determined. A clogging risk analysis integrating these factors was implemented through the development of methods developed under Python 3. The methodology of the ARCADE tool (Analyse des Risques de Colmatage et Aide à la Décision) is designed to assess the risk and to inform users of good practices and preventive methods. These good practices for analysis and preventive methods are presented in the last part of this thesis
Moussa, Mirna. "Les amibes libres pathogènes des eaux chaudes de la Guadeloupe : étude écologique caractérisation moléculaire et prophylaxie des zones de baignade." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаAmoebas are eukaryotic unicellular organisms, measuring from 10 to 300 µm, being able to live under a parasite form or to evolve freely in soils and aquatic media. They can even adopt either form depending of the environment. Some free living amoebas are highly pathogenic for animals and humans, especially Naegleria fowleri which develops in naturally hot waters at temperatures between 27 and 45°C. This species is responsible for an encephalitis generally lethal, the primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a case of which occured in Guadeloupe in 2008. A 9-year-old child having contracted the disease, died a few days after a bath in the hot waters of Dolé, in Gourbeyre. Our Thesis at the Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, in association with the ARS, initiated a research program on these pathogenic amoebas poorly known in our territory, to better estimate the risk to contract the disease while bathing in geothermal recreational waters of Guadeloupe. We developed and worked out a method of detection and enumeration of amoebas using the molecular biology, which is currently applied in routine in our laboratory. Since January, 2011, a monthly monitoring of the baths revealed the presence of thermophilic free living amoebas and pathogenic amoeba in almost all the analyzed sites (Ravine Chaude, La Lise, Bain du Curé à Pigeon, Bains Jaunes, Bain de Dolé, Bain de Capès, Bain des Amours, Bain de la rivière Grosse-Corde, Chutes du Carbet, Morphy and the hot bath of Matouba), with the exception of sulphurated and/or salty hot waters of Sofaïa and the Anse-Thomas in Bouillante. The sequencing of the PCR products obtained were deposited in Genbank and confirmed that the Guadeloupean N. fowleri belonged to the Type-3 Euro-American, identical to that detected in the patient in 2008 (Moussa et al. 2013). The number of pathogenic amoebas varied from 2 to 30 amoebas / liter according to the baths, without exceeding the limit of 100 amoebas / liter recommended by the health authorities. In spite of this rather low concentration the baths require a regular surveillance. On the full year 2011-2012, the pathogenic species N. fowleri was the most frequently encountered species followed by N. lovaniensis and Hartmanella sp. These data of the surveillance led the ARS and the municipalities concerned to organize an awareness campaign destinated to the local and tourist population, based on the installation of prevention panels near the main sites where N. fowleri was found. The regular presence of N. fowleri during the year in most of the hot baths, especially the most frequented ones, leads us to look for the origin of their contamination. We discovered that geothermal springs are not contaminated at their emergence, but that amoebas come from the soil upstream the baths. This result which shows that soil is the natural reservoir of amoebas, allowed us to propose to the authorities effective means of prevention by installing pipes to carry the water from the emergence to the bath, without touching the soil
Nedjaï, Rachid. "Étude hydrogéologique et hydrochimique des eaux thermales du centre algérien (Nord)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814217.
Повний текст джерелаKlepikova, Maria. "Imaging of fractured rock properties from flow and heat transport : field experiments and inverse modelling." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00865302.
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