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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Eastern Chrisitan attitudes to Islam"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Eastern Chrisitan attitudes to Islam"

Jelen, Ted G. "The Subjective Bases of Abortion Attitudes: A Cross National Comparison of Religious Traditions." Politics and Religion 7, no. 3 (July 24, 2014): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048314000467.

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AbstractThe subjective correlates of abortion attitudes for six different religious traditions (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam). For all six groups, attitudes toward sexual morality exhibit the strongest relationship with abortion attitudes, followed by the effects of attitudes toward human life. Gender role attitudes are much less powerful predictors of abortion attitudes. Further, the multivariate models which explain abortion attitudes are remarkably similar across religious traditions, with inter-religious differences largely being attributable to differences in the marginal distributions of the independent variables.

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Novikova, Ramilya G. "ISLAM AND GENETICS: RELIGIOUS, ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES." RUDN Journal of Law 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2019-23-4-565-585.

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The rapid development and achievements of science and technology provides people to improve their lives. Over the past 10 years, genetic researches have grown significantly. Today they are the subject of debate not only by doctors, lawyers, but also theologians. Currently, legislation of countries in Middle East regulates genomics and genetic research differently. Countries are having orient towards religion and therefore pay more attention in these countries to the ethical regulators of Islam besides only legal regulation of genomics (humans, animals, plants, i.e. all living things). Ethical standards are gradually becoming legal norms. In some countries of the Middle East, there are draft laws on the legal regulation of genetics; in some countries given attention in the legal acts of executive authorities in genomics sphere, and in some, have been developed local acts of leading medical centers. A number of eastern countries are also highlighted, in the legislation of which some aspects of the legal regulation of genetic research act as legislative novels. In the most economically developed Middle Eastern countries, genetics is one of the priority programs of the state, in particular, there are national strategic programs for the development of countries already use of modern methods of genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and validation methods. Many Middle Eastern countries have ratified international acts in genetic research and on issues related to their regulation. In addition, Islamic states have developed an independent concept of genomics regulation, taking into account the attitudes of the fundamental sources of Islamic law. Based on the read material of the article, the reader learns about the legal, ethical and legal regulation in the field of genomics of Middle Eastern Islamic states.

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Kucinskas, Jaime, and Tamara van der Does. "Gender Ideals in Turbulent Times: An Examination of Insecurity, Islam, and Muslim Men’s Gender Attitudes during the Arab Spring." Comparative Sociology 16, no. 3 (June 2, 2017): 340–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341428.

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Using Arab Barometer data (2011), the authors examine Muslim men’s gender attitudes in four predominantly Muslim Middle Eastern and North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen) during the Arab Spring. They examine if living in insecurity – which may threaten men’s ability to attain masculine ideals – is related to male overcompensation, evident in strong support for patriarchal gender ideology. They then investigate if Islamic religiosity influences this relationship. Results reveal that political Islam is strongly related to Muslimmenamen’s patriarchal gender attitudes across the region. The effects of living in insecurity and other facets of Islamic religiosity on men’s gender ideology vary by country. The results on the many effects of insecurity and Islam on men’s gender ideology challenge stereotypical representations of the region as uniformly Islamic and patriarchal.

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Spierings, Niels. "The Influence of Islamic Orientations on Democratic Support and Tolerance in five Arab Countries." Politics and Religion 7, no. 4 (July 24, 2014): 706–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048314000479.

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AbstractConclusions from empirical analyses on how Islam influences democratic attitudes in Arab countries differ widely, and the field suffers from conceptual ambiguity and largely focuses on “superficial” democratic support. Based on the non-Middle Eastern literature, this study provides a more systematic theoretical and empirical assessment of the linkages between Islamic attitudes and the popular support for democracy. I link belonging (affiliation), commitment (religiosity), orthodoxy, Muslim political attitudes, and individual-level political Islamism to the support for democracy and politico-religious tolerance. Statistical analyses on seven WVS surveys for Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia show that tolerance levels are remarkably lower than “democratic support”; the influence of being (committed or orthodox) Muslim and Muslim political attitudes are negligible however. Political Islamist views strongly affect tolerance negatively. They also influence “support for democracy,” but if the opposition in an authoritarian country is Islamic, these attitudes actually strengthen this support.

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Abduljaber, Malek. "A Dimension Reduction Method Application to a Political Science Question: Using Exploratory Factor Analysis to Generate the Dimensionality of Political Ideology in the Arab World." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 19, no. 01 (March 2020): 2040002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021964922040002x.

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This paper utilises data dimension reduction to settle a heavily debated question concerning the dimensionality of political ideology in the Arab World. It relies on recent data available through the World Values Survey to generate a stable solution for the number of important and exciting dimensions defining ordinary citizens’ political attitude structures. The findings of the analysis suggest that in four Arab states, political ideology is multi-dimensional on the mass level. This negates the widespread assumption made about Arab politics where Islam and secularism constitute the only dimension organising voters’ attitudes and behaviours. This is important because many analyses of Middle Eastern politics start with this assumption without questioning its validity. Further, models of political ideology are to be modified when transferred to studying Middle Eastern political attitudes. The single-dimension hypothesis applicable in some Western settings is not attainable in the Arab World.

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Akasoy, Anna. "Islam and Buddhism: The Arabian Prequel?" Entangled Religions 8 (March 6, 2019): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/er.v8.2019.1-32.

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Conventionally, the first Muslim-Buddhist encounters are thought to have taken place in the context of the Arab-Muslim expansions into eastern Iran in the mid-seventh century, the conquest of Sind in 711 and the rise of the Islamic empire. However, several theories promoted in academic and popular circles claim that Buddhists or other Indians were present in western Arabia at the eve of Islam and thus shaped the religious environment in which Muhammad’s movement emerged. This article offers a critical survey of the most prominent arguments adduced to support this view and discusses the underlying attitudes to the Islamic tradition, understood as a body of ideas and practices, and Islamic Tradition, understood as a body of texts. Such theories appear to be radical challenges of the Islamic tradition insofar as they seek to reinscribe the presence of religious communities in conventional narratives of Islamic origins that do not acknowledge them. On the other hand, they often operate with an unreconstructed reliance upon the sources of the Islamic Tradition. The assessment focuses ondescriptions of the Ka’ba and objects associated with it as well as on a story about an Indian physician who diagnosed an illness of Muhammad’s wife Aisha. While Indian or Buddhist connections with western Arabia and early Islam do not appear to be entirely impossible, the evidence does not amount to a persuasive case for the early seventh century.

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Sutkutė, Rūta. "REPRESENTATION OF ISLAM AND MUSLIMS IN WESTERN FILMS: AN “IMAGINARY” MUSLIM COMMUNITY." EUREKA: Social and Humanities 4 (July 31, 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001380.

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This article provides a textual and visual analysis of Hirsi Ali and van Gogh’s controversial short film Submission (2004) and Marc Forster’s The Kite Runner (2007). Emphasis is placed on rhetorical and plot strategies, aimed at reinforcing unproductive Orientalist stereotypes of Islam and Muslims. The aim of this analysis is to find out how Muslims and Islam are presented in Submission and The Kite Runner, based on E. Said's (1978) work “Orientalism” and to identify Theo van Gogh's assassination, influenced public attitudes towards Muslims. The following means are used to reach the aim: to analyze the concept of Orientalism and stereotypes, connections with the media and the influence of popular culture on their expression; to find out the role of the Muslim minority in the process of constructing social reality (stereotypes); to analyze how Muslims and Islam are presented in the films Submission and The Kite Runner. Summarizing the analysis of the film Submission, it should be noted, that the main character is supposedly portrayed as being oppressed by Islamic culture, who lived in complete isolation, thus reinforcing the negative attitudes and stereotypes in society towards Muslims, especially women. However, the subject of Submission, feminism or the oppression of women was never the main subject of discussion, on the contrary, it was Islamic radicalism, extremism and terrorism. Meanwhile, after analyzing the film The Kite Runner, it should be noted, that the plot reveals stereotypes about Islam and Muslims that exist in both Western and Eastern societies. Oriental characters are portrayed in the film as much lower in morality and values than, for example, Westerners. The film’s episodes emphasize the fanatical consequences of both terrorism and Islamism, and the relationship between the main characters reflects the orientalist culture of Afghanistan.

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Guseva, Yu N., and V. S. Khristoforov. "Discussions about Russian muslims future on the pages of the Crimean journal «Asri Musulmanliq» (1924–1927) (on the example of the publication of the Samara theologian-educator M.-F. Murtazin)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-3-43-48.

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For the first time in Russian historiography, a Russian-language translation from Turkish (literary version of Ottoman) of a manuscript of an article by the Samara imam Mukhammet-Fatykh Murtazin (18751938), sent to the religious and educational journal Asri Musulmanliq (Modern Islam, published in Simferopol in 19241927) editorial board of the People's Administration of Religious Affairs of Muslims of Crimea (NURDMK). The article entitled Islam and Civilization was planned for placement in № 13 for 1926, its translation was carried out by an employee of the Eastern Department of the OGPU in Crimea and sent for approval of the text to the Eastern Department of the OGPU in Moscow. Murtazin's manuscript contains a number of reformist ideas, loyal to the current political moment. He tried to adapt the Islamic tradition to new reality. The article was not allowed for publication due to the desire of its author to present the priority of Islamic civilization over the European and American worlds, which, obviously, did not correspond to the ideological attitudes of the workers of the Soviet special services. The authors also draw attention to the course and nature of intense theological discussion and the development of renovationist thought in the Muslim world of the Soviet Union in the 1920-ies, a discussion that took place under censorship and the emerging ideological pressure.

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Abisaab, Malek. "Arab Women and Work: The Interrelation Between Orientalism and Historiography." Hawwa 7, no. 2 (2009): 164–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920709x12511890014621.

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AbstractThis essay examines the approaches and themes in two overlapping historiographical areas on women and labor since the sixties. The first area examines the scholarship on Lebanese women and modernization. The second area covers the scholarship on women, labor and the family in Arab Middle Eastern society. Despite their general critique of Orientalist representations of the “Muslim” woman, several scholars continue to invest cognate features of the modernization discourse and West-centered models of womanhood. For one, scholars have persistently stated that the social structures in Middle Eastern/Islamic society do not lend themselves to class or gendered divisions. Using classical Eurocentric criteria for gauging women's “empowerment,” these scholars tried to show that Arab working-women are unable to organize themselves on the basis of gender due to cultural taboos, sectarian affiliations, provincial loyalties, family authority, and lack of education. At times, “Islam” or “culture” is presented as operating from above-creating social attitudes that limit women's public activities and involvement in waged work. The primacy given to cultural difference prevents comparability between Western and Middle Eastern/Muslim women on the basis of shared socio-economic experiences. Several studies overlooked the complex interconnections among family, sect, class and gender expressed through the range of activities and experiences linking women's domestic and waged work. There is indeed an overwhelming focus on the ideas and attitudes of bourgeois woman and their legal rights, which are rarely analyzed in connection to historical context, economic arrangements, productive patterns, or social interest. Rather, they are discussed in connection to women's education and work and ultimately levels of modernization. These prevalent features of the historiographical literature give shape to new and subtle Orientalist narratives about Muslim/Middle Eastern women.

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Bartkowski, John, Gabriel Acevedo, Gulcimen Karakeci, and Favor Campbell. "Islam and Support for Gender Inequality among Women in Turkey." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i4.127.

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Turkey has been characterized as a nation that exhibits an amalgam of Eastern and Western cultural values. For a lengthy period of time, Turkey had prohibited Muslim women’s wearing of the veil in many public venues. Yet, the vast majority of this nation’s citizens are highly devout Muslims. Our study uses these paradoxes as a springboard for investigating early twenty-first century religious influences on Turkish Muslim women’s attitudes toward gender inequality. We introduce the theoretical construct of diversified institutional contexts, arguing that gender is not simply a singular institutional form but rather ebbs and flows with women’s mobility across variegated institutional settings. We hypothesize that religious devotion among Muslim women in Turkey circa the year 2000 will be associated with greater support for gender inequality across several institutional domains, namely, family, education, the workplace, and politics. In addition, we anticipate that as women move across these institutional contexts, they will encounter distinctive gender norms that shape their social opportunities. The public secularism and privatized religious climate of Turkey will yield the most pronounced religious support for gender inequality in family life when compared with other institutional contexts. These hypotheses are proposed for Turkey at the turn of the twenty-first century, prior to the rise of the current ruling party, and are supported with data analyzed from the 2001 wave of the World Values Survey. We conclude by specifying implications of these findings and promising directions for future research, including the continued monitoring of recent developments in this politically changing nation.

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Дисертації з теми "Eastern Chrisitan attitudes to Islam"

Roggema. "The Legend of Sergius Bahira: Apologetics and Apocalyptic in Response to Islam." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1263550.

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Книги з теми "Eastern Chrisitan attitudes to Islam"

United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundredth Congress, first session, changing United States attitudes on Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, October 28, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Haldon, John. Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Views on Islam and on Jihād, c.900 CE. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0035.

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The later ninth-century interest in court circles at Constantinople in reaffirming the Roman credentials of the eastern Roman state—most obvious in imperially sponsored codifications of law—is now generally understood to have been, at least in part, a response to challenges set up by the papacy, and in particular followed on from the exchange of letters between popes and emperors or their advisors in the second half of the ninth century. But there were other consequences of this process, many of which can be summed up in the phrase ‘Macedonian renaissance’. More radically, however, it can be argued that medieval eastern Roman attitudes to Islam were also bound up with these changes, entailing not only an attempt to understand aspects of Islamic belief and praxis, but for the first time perceiving Islam as an existential threat to the moral as well as the political universe of Christianity.

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Bakhos, Carol, and Michael Cook, eds. Islam and its Past. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748496.001.0001.

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This volume has its origin in a conference held in honour of a scholar who made a major contribution to the study of the Qurʾan, Patricia Crone. Five of its eight chapters are accordingly devoted to this field. They provide a survey of its development and present state, and offer illustrations of a number of approaches through which scholars seek to investigate the internal history of the text, its relationship to earlier Near Eastern texts, the sources of the ideas advanced or reported in it, and its place in the wider history of Near Eastern religion. The remaining three chapters are concerned with reports of Arabian prophets before the time of Muhammad, Christian, and Muslim attitudes to pagan law, and monotheism in pre-Islamic South Arabia.

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V, Chernous V., ред. Nat︠s︡ionalʹnai︠a︡ i regionalʹnai︠a︡ bezopasnostʹ na I︠U︡ge Rossii: Novye vyzovy : sbornik nauchnykh stateĭ. Rostov-na-Donu: Severo-Kavkazskiĭ nauchnyĭ t︠s︡entr vyssheĭ shkoly, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Eastern Chrisitan attitudes to Islam"

Adamczyk, Amy. "The Importance of Religion, and the Role of Individual Differences." In Cross-National Public Opinion about Homosexuality. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288751.003.0002.

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Drawing on an original analysis of the last three waves of World Values Survey, this chapter explores the role of a nation’s religious context and individual demographic factors for shaping cross-national attitudes. Ideas drawn from rational choice theories of religion and religious contextual effects provide theoretical insight into how personal religious beliefs and overall levels of religious belief shape attitudes. The analysis shows that more religious residents and residents of nations with high levels of religious belief are more likely to disapprove of homosexuality. Distinctions are also drawn between the various major religions. Nations with a substantial number of people who adhere to Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, and a variety of Protestant faiths tend to have residents with more conservative views than those living in majority Catholic and mainline Protestant nations. The chapter ends by assessing the individual demographic factors that shape attitudes.

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Inhorn, Marcia C. "Masturbation and Semen Collection." In The New Arab Man. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691148885.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the tragic story of Shaykh Ali—a story of a devout Muslim man struggling with his infertile body, his attitudes toward sperm donation, and his unrequited sexuality. Shaykh Ali suffers from a preventable form of male infertility—namely, uncorrected, undescended testicles—which have stopped him from being able to produce sperm. Not all Middle Eastern men are as religiously pious as Shaykh Ali, nor have they suffered the same physical and emotional pain. Nonetheless, Shaykh Ali's story speaks in a powerful way to many of the themes in this study; including the role of Islam in shaping the uses of assisted reproductive technologies, Muslim men's general unwillingness to consider sperm donation as a solution to male infertility, and emerging areas of dissonance and dissent to the prevailing religious discourse.

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