Дисертації з теми "Dynamique du contact non-Régulière"
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Cadoux, Florent. "Optimisation et analyse convexe pour la dynamique non-régulière." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10231.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to propose a new approach to the solution of 3D unilateral contact problems with Coulomb friction in solid mechanics. We consider dynamical systems composed of several bodies with a finite number of degrees of freedom: rigid bodies, or deformable bodies which are spatial approximations of continuous models. Friction between bodies is modelled using a classical formulation of Coulomb's law. After time discretization (or quasi-static approximation), we get at each time step a problem containing complementarity equations posed on a product of second order cones, plus other equations. Several methods have been proposed in the literature for different equivalent formulations of this problem, in particular by Moreau, Alart and Curnier, and De Saxcé. Considering the complementarity equations as optimality conditions (KKT) of an optimization problem, we propose a new equivalent reformulation as a parametric convex minimization problem coupled with a fixed point problem. Thanks to this viewpoint, we prove the existence of solutions under a quite mild assumption which can be checked in practice. Moreover, we can practically compute one of these solutions by solving numerically the fixed point equation. The performance of this approach is compared with existing methods
Cadoux, Florent. "Optimisation et analyse convexe pour la dynamique non-régulière." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440798.
Повний текст джерелаJebrane, Aissam. "Modélisation du mouvement d'une foule via la théorie de la dynamique non régulière des solides." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1062.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns the modeling of pedestrian movement inspired by the non-smooth dynamics approach for the rigid and deformable solids. Firstly, a reformulation of the non-smooth approaches of M.Frémond and J.J.Moreau for rigid body dynamics is developed. The proposed theory relies on the notion of percussion which is the integral of the contact force during the duration of the collision. Contrary to classical discrete element models, it is here assumed that percussions can be only expressed as a function of the velocity before the impact. This assumption is checked for the usual mechanical constitutive laws for collisions. Motion equations are then reformulated taking into account simultaneous collisions of solids. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the proposed model are discussed according to the regularity of both the forces (Lebesgue-density occurring during the regular evolution of the system) and the percussions (Dirac-density describing the collision). A condition on the internal percussion assuring that the collision is thermodynamically admissible is established. An application to the collision of rigid disks and the flow in a funnel-shaped hourglass is presented. The approach is extended to crowd motion, indeed; the circulation of pedestrians through the bottlenecks is studied and deals with to optimize evacuation and improve the design of pedestrian facilities. A sensitivity analysis is performed to study the effect of the parameters of a 2D discrete crowd movement model on the nature of pedestrian’s collision and on evacuation times. The question of estimation of contact forces and the pressure generated in a moving crowd is approached both from a discrete and continues point of view. A comparison between the second-order microscopic model (2D discrete model) and the continues approaches is presented. Contact forces are rigorously defined taking into account multiple, simultaneous contact and the non-overlapping condition between pedestrians. We show that for a dense crowd the percussions (moment umjump corresponding to instantaneous contact) become contact forces. For continuous approach, the pressure is calculated according to volume and surface constraints. This approach makes it possible to retain an admissible right-velocity (after impact), including both the non local interactions (at a distance interactions) between non neighbor pedestrians and the choice of displacement strategy of each pedestrian. Finally, two applications are presented : a one-dimensional simulation of an aligned pedestrian chain crashing into an obstacle, and a two-dimensional simulation corresponding to the evacuation of a room. In order to make the approach more efficient, we modeled each pedestrian with a deformable solid, the unidimensional case is studied a comparison with the discreet case is presented that corresponding to a crash of a pedestrian chain in a fixed obstacle is treated. The analytical solution of contact equations is developed for both approaches. This allows to calibrate the model parameters and offers an asymptotic study of the solutions. The non-smooth theory of deformable solids makes it possible to calculate the current velocity of the crowd as a continuous medium taking into account the interactions with the environment and their desired velocity. a macroscopic representation is developed through Hyperbolic – Elliptic Equations. indded;the crowd is described by its density whose evolution is given by a non local balance law. the current velocity involved in the equation is given by the collision equation of a deformable solid with a rigid plane. Firstly, we prove the well posedness of balance laws with a non smooth ux and function source in bounded domains, the existence of a weak entropic solution, it’s uniqueness and stability with respect to the initial datum and of the boundary datum. an application to crowdmodeling is presented
Larousse, Paul. "Modélisation d'interface endommageable en dynamique explicite dédiée au démoulage de pneumatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0098.
Повний текст джерелаThe tire is a complex product subjected to numerous constraints, and the designer must find a compromise between cost, performance, safety and recyclability. It is composed of a multitude of overlayed layers of different materials, resulting in complex behaviors. Thus, numerical simulation is an obvious choice by allowing the study of a wide range of scenarios. It enables to study the impact of each manufacturing step, and in particular the unmolding tire process, which inspired this thesis. This non-regular problem is associated to contact and damage, described by a cohesive zone model, with fast dynamics phenomena, rarely combined together in simulation. Since the problem is a transient dynamics one, the choice of an explicit time integrator is natural. The proposed idea here is the use of an explicit symplectic scheme providing by definition good energy properties and discrete equations conservation. Based on previous work, the explicit CD-Lagrange scheme is chosen. Thus, the study is focused on the contact interface between a deformable solid and a rigid one. A method for solving interface problems in dynamics is presented. A thermodynamic and explicit resolution framework is then proposed, with local treatment of non-linearities and non-regularities leading to a matrix-free resolution algorithm. Formulations are based on the thermodynamic framework of generalized standard materials and non-regular mechanics. Next, the focus is set on the thermodynamic evolution laws by studying temporal non-locality in order to limit the damage localization on the interface. Delayed-effect models are then introduced. The modular aspect of the proposed resolution is shown, with application of several interface laws and bulk behaviors. Application to large transformation contact problems is also provided. Finally, the feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by its integration into a semi-industrial code, MEF++
Tran, Thierry. "Programmation graphique interactive de tâches non répétitives de manipulation au contact." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30223.
Повний текст джерелаFilippis, Hugo de. "Dynamique non linéaire du contact inter-aubes de turbine : caractérisation expérimentale et simulation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDL0056.
Повний текст джерелаWith a view of improving the performance and efficiency of the future generation of turbojet engines, and in order to comply with evolving environmental regulations concerning the various pollutants emitted by these machines, aerospace manufacturers are looking for suitable technological solutions. Among all the avenues studied by the manufacturers, increasing the rotational speed of the low-pressure turbine within the turbojet engine is envisaged to increase overall efficiency, in return for the reinforcement of complex vibratory phenomena which need to be taken into account during the design phase. In fact, the low-pressure turbine used in the LEAP generation of jet engines has the particularity of being made up of an assembly of blades whose geometry incorporates a shroud at the upper end of them. All the shrouds interlock with each other when the blades are mounted on the disc, thereby applying a static pre-load to the blades, thanks to a pre-twist angle provided for at the design stage. The function of this shroud is twofold: on the one hand, it serves to guarantee the tightness of the airfoil by limiting the fluid losses of th airflow passing through the blades, and on the other hand, it introduces frictional damping through contact between each blade fixed on the disc, thus reducing their vibration amplitude. The aim of this thesis is to reproduce the non-linear dynamic behavior of a low-pressure turbine blade on a numerical model, and to validate the results obtained using an academic experimental test bench. To this end, a bibliographical study is carried out to establish the state of the art of existing experimental test benches, their specific features, the observations made, the equipment used, etc., in order to position the academic test bench designed as part of this thesis in relation to the literature, taking into account the desired specifications. Once the design and manufacture of the test bench have been completed, the preliminary tests required for its debugging are carried out, including modal analysis of the blades and torsion tests for the calibration of strain gauges to measure the static pre-load when the blades are assembled on the test bench. Forced responses over the frequency range of the structure’s first bending mode have been achieved using step sinus excitation for different static pre-load configurations. Similarly, building the numerical model and calculating non-linear frequency responses requires an understanding and handling of specific methodologies, particularly for dealing with the non-linear forces associated with the frictional contact between the blades shrouds. An additional problem, intrinsic to the construction of the finite element model reproducing the static pre-loading by blade pre-twisting, is the non-coincidence of the meshes of the contact interfaces, necessitating firstly to constrain them to make them sufficiently regular in order to preserve the construction of node-to-node contact elements. Secondly, a method for dealing with this problem is proposed, based on a short bibliography, and taking into account the various calculation methodologies, additional frequency responses are then calculated
Dia, Seydou. "Modélisation d'un contact dynamique non-linéaire : application au développement et à l'optimisation de modalsens." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683067.
Повний текст джерелаCharles, Alexandre. "Dynamique des systèmes de solides rigides avec impacts et frottement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4738/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the view of robotics or granular media mechanics, we question the statement of the dynamical evolution problem for multibody systems with contacts and friction. The usual approach is event driven and does not allow to state an evolution problem in a systematic way. This matter of fact gave rise to a new approach in the frictionless case we generalize to the case with friction. Sticking to the point of view of Lagrange on the equation of the dynamics, we emphasize the systematic use of virtual powers and duality. This bias suggests to put emphasis on generalized reaction forces in the statement of the evolution problem and not on local reaction forces of the real world, as it is usual in practice. This point of view allows to escape from pathologies known as Painlevé paradox
Duran, Celio. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique non-linéaire et transitoire de turbomoteur avec multitouches rotor/stator." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0144.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis deals with the nonlinear transient dynamic response of rotor/stator assemblies in the case of multi-contacts, it is applied on Turbomeca’s helicopter turbo-engine. In order to improve gas turbine performances, constructors have to reduce rotor/stator clearances, while continuing to maintain component’s reliability, durability and safety. It implies the development of models to predict and control unsafe situations as, rotor/stator interactions between fixed and rotating parts, mainly triggered by a blade-loss in helicopters turbo-engine case. The first part of this document is concerned with a bibliographical summary of the main physical phenomena observed after a rotor/stator interaction, this is supported by experiments and numerical calculations. A review of the various sliding contact numerical models is presented. The duality between time and/or frequency simulation response methods as, harmonic balance method vs Newmark time integration scheme is discussed. Then two numerical tools for frequency domain analysis are described: the spectrogram to analyze frequency spectrum as a function of the time, the full-spectrum for analyzing the rotor whirl motions. The second part is focused on the time response simulation of some academic systems: an excited oscillator with two end-stops, a Jeffcott rotor and finally a 3 disks rotor both subjected to disk/casing interactions. Given the transient behavior exhibited by turbo-engine rotors following a rotor/stator contact, the purpose is to test several step-by-step time integration scheme combined with different contact laws. This analysis has shown that the Newmark scheme with constant acceleration used with damped contact penalty laws combined to stiffness and damping coefficients smoothed by arctangent functions are relevant. The rotor bending modeling during transient motion considering possible multi-contacts with the stator is realized using the finite element method and the previously reviewed contact modeling methods. The simulation is implemented under Matlab environment and is named ToRoS. (Rotor/Stator Touch). Finally, the developed modeling is applied to the Ardiden 1H turbo-engine. The ToRoS software is used to predict the transient dynamic response of the free power turbine subjected to multi-contacts, after a sudden blade-loss which is modeled by a sudden unbalance. Contact laws are applied and depend on contact type and location: disk/casing, seals, thrust bearing. Depending on the mass unbalance level, the speed of rotation, the contact and friction parameters, the rotor can be in a quasi-permanent contact state in forward whirl while the rotation speed is running-down
Acary, Vincent. "Contribution à la modélisation mécanique et numérique des édifices maçonnés." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163767.
Повний текст джерелаAfin de répondre à ces problèmes, une modélisation micromécanique discrète dans un cadre dynamique non-régulier a été proposée. La maçonnerie est vue comme un milieu divisé composé d'une collection de corps déformables reliés par des lois non-régulières. Le modèle de base pour les joints vifs, composé du contact unilatéral et du frottement de Coulomb est enrichi pour les joints de mortier par des modèles de zone cohésive, fragile ou à endommagement progressif. Le cadre numérique de cette modélisation s'appuie sur la méthode ``Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics'' apte à intégrer la dynamique non-régulière en présence de contraintes unilatérales et de frottement sec. Le comportement des corps est traité par des méthodes aux éléments finis adaptées au caractère discret des structures modélisées. Les lois non-régulières d'interfaces sont résolues quant à elles par des méthodes itératives dédiées aux problèmes de complémentarité de grande taille.
Enfin, une collaboration interdisciplinaire a été conduite avec les architectes et les archéologues du bâti pour mener à bien des études d'édifices monumentaux en utilisant la stéréophotogrammétrie numérique.
Merlhiot, Xavier. "Une contribution algorithmique aux outils de simulation mécanique interactive pour la maquette numérique industrielle." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066746.
Повний текст джерелаGruin, Marion. "Dynamique non-linéaire d'une roue de turbine Basse Pression soumise à des excitations structurales d'un turboréacteur." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750011.
Повний текст джерелаCatterou, Thomas. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du comportement dynamique non linéaire d'un réseau de tubes avec jeux : application aux faisceaux d'aiguilles combustibles RNR." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0443/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding of phenomena taking place in a structure with multiple clearances is an industrial challenge. The fuel pellets in the SFR (Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) prototype ASTRID are enclosed in small and long pins which form a bundle inside a hexagonal assembly. The assessment of stresses in the pins during dynamic loadings is essential for the safety studies of the project. Experimental tests on the test bed CARNAC have been conducted to understand the dynamical behavior of fuel pin with their pellets. Then a numerical model has been chosen to simulate the release of an assembly against a stop. The difficulty is to simulate the dynamical behavior of a structure with a huge number of internal contacts. Numerical method has been validated on a basic problem with a reference semi-analytical method. Simplified models of the pin bundle are created to understand dynamical phenomena of a multicontact system. Then, the whole assembly is modeled. Sub-structuring to accelerate computation and a precise contact law representative of the pin to pin contacts are used. Displacements, energy and contacts force are analyzed with or without clearance. Numerical results are confronted to a previous experiment made in the CEA and provide a very good fit. The average kinetic behavior of assembly is well approximated by a beam structure, if pins are linked. Contact forces are well assess with conservatism using simplified model of a pin row
Pecile, Bérénice. "Modèle dynamique d'interaction véhicule-voie ferroviaire en présence de défauts géométriques sur les surfaces en contact." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe appearance of dynamic phenomena during the running of train on track leads to issues such as noise and vibration pollution, which can be further amplified by the presence of defects on the treads. In order to analyze them, it is necessary to predict with reliability the dynamic behavior of the vehicle-track interaction components, in particular the contact forces produced by non perfect treads.The aim of this PhD thesis is to provide a semi-analytical vehicle-track interaction model able to take into account multiple defects on the surfaces in contact. In order to conduct simulations in the time-domain and ensure applicability in the sizing phase, a special attention is given on the compromise between the accuracy of the results and the simulation times.The proposed model is therefore composed of half a bogie running on a ballasted track. This latter is modeled by a pinned-pinned beam with periodic supports located at the sleepers while the vertical behavior of the bogie is given by masses, springs and dampers. These two models are coupled in contact by a discretized Distributed Point Reacting Spring (DPRS) procedure.A validation of the model, based on previous work, is firstly proposed for perfect treads. Then, multiple combinations of defects, either localised as wheelflat or spread as corrugation, are introduced in the simulation. The spatial variability, specific to shelling, is modeled by random fields
Ragueneau, Quentin. "Méthodologie d'optimisation paramétrique appliquée à la dynamique vibratoire intégrant des non-linéarités localisées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESAC014.
Повний текст джерелаVibration analysis can be critical for the optimal design of complex assembled structures. Integrating nonlinear phenomenon, especially at the interfaces between substructures, allows for high-fidelity numerical simulations. However, the computational cost makes it impractical to use classical global parametric optimization methods for industrial nonlinear structures. The work aims to study a comprehensive strategy for constrained parametric optimization applied to industrial vibrating structures exhibiting local nonlinearities. The proposed strategy mainly relies on two tools. First, a dedicated mechanical solver based on the Harmonic Balance Method and a pseudo-arclength continuation procedure is used for the dynamic simulations. Then, this mechanical solver is employed for the construction and enrichment of a Gaussian Process surrogate model within a Bayesian Optimization framework in order to limit the number of solver calls. The strategy is applied to unconstrained optimization of a Duffing oscillator and the constrained optimization of a gantry crane with contact nonlinearities. The results obtained suggest the feasibility of deploying the strategy in an industrial setting
Tournu, Erik. "Modélisation stochastique du comportement dynamique non linéaire d'un ailetage de turbine : application à une poutre avec contact oblique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL118N.
Повний текст джерелаNony, Laurent. "Analyse de la microscopie de force dynamique : application à l'étude de l'ADN." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008804.
Повний текст джерелаDi, Stasio Jean. "The CD-Lagrange scheme, a robust explicit time-integrator for impact dynamics : A new singular mass formulation, and an extension to deformable-deformable contact." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI029.
Повний текст джерелаTyres are complex structures to simulate. The materials are heterogeneous and incompressible with non-linear responses. The geometry goes to the millimetre scales for tread patterns. For a finite elements simulation a precise mesh is then required. The model has then a large number of degrees of freedom and non-linear material laws. In dynamics, the simulation becomes even more challenging especially with impacts. Nevertheless it is crucial in the tire design process because it brings a deeper comprehension of the tire and avoids test on real structures. The explicit time-integration make feasible the impact simulations. They handle easily the non-linearities with a very low computational cost for a time-step. Merged with a precise contact formulation, they form robust, accurate and efficient schemes for addressing impact simulations. This work aims to choose and improve an explicit scheme for non-linear dynamics with impacts. The first part is a benchmark for selecting a scheme and enhance its possibilities of improvement. The selected one is the CD-Lagrange: an explicit scheme based on central difference method, a contact enforcement by Lagrange multipliers, and a contact condition on velocity. Two mains improvements are identified and explored. Firstly, the energy conservation at impact would make the scheme symplectic for deformable bodies. Secondly the formulation must be enlarged to deformable–deformable contact. The second part aims then to achieve the conservation of energy by adapting the singular mass matrix to the CD-Lagrange. The formulation is firstly built in 1D, and shows a major improvement for the energy balance. Then two possible extensions are explored for the 3D cases. The third part presents the CD-Lagrange scheme with a mortar formulation for deformable-deformable contact. It handles with stability and accuracy large sliding and friction. An acceleration technique is proposed for solving the contact problem, without any loss of accuracy
Nouira, Dorra. "Non-linear interactions between US waves and contact interface." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0262.
Повний текст джерелаThe past decades have been marked by a significant increase in research interest in nonlinearities in cracked solids. As a result a number of different nonlinear methods have been developed for damage detection. However, there still limited understanding of physical mechanisms related to the various nonlinearities due to contacts. This thesis is addressed to study the nonlinear interaction between a wave and an interface while taking into account adhesion, in order to, eventually, propose an efficient NDT method for characterization of contact interfaces. The study of the second-harmonic evolution to characterize the damage will be the focus of this work. The nonlinear interaction between a longitudinal wave and a contact interface is considered in one-dimensional medium by using the Finite Elements method.Numerically, the contact interface is modelled by combining two approaches. One is based on acoustic methods and used in traction, while the other one is based on vibration methods and used in compression. The first one, consists in modelling the contact with an RCCM law. The study propose a detailed analysis on the interface behaviour in traction while taking into account the adhesion. It allows identifying the key parameters that govern the nonlinear signature of the RCCM contact law and so better understanding the interaction between a compression wave and a contact interface that exhibits adhesion in traction. The second one, used in compression, is based on a nonlinear interface stiffness model where the stiffness property of the contact interface is described as a function of the nominal contact pressure. The study consists in a complementary numerical and experimental analysis of nonlinear vibrational response due to the contact interface. It shows that the stiffness-pressure trend at lower pressures has a major effect on the nonlinear response of systems with contact interfaces.Finally, in order to exploit the proposed contact law defined in compression and traction, a strategy to identify the interface parameters during the interaction between a wave and an interface is proposed. The numerical results are promising in view of the characterization of contact interfaces
Ponthus, Nicolas. "Contact sec glisssant sous faible charge : de la topographie des surfaces à la dynamique des solides de l'interface." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC021/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis addresses the issue of the dynamics, normal to the interface, of a dry steady-sliding contact between two random topographies under weak normal load. In this context, the motion of a slider under its own weight has been studied experimentally. Measurements, using a laser vibrometer, of the normal displacement and velocity of the slider confirm the existence of a transition, as the sliding speed increases, from a regime of permanent contact to a regime of lift-offs, shocks and rebounds.At low speed, the normal motion is due to a geometrical filtering of the topographies, the statistical and spectral properties of which have been described. The roles of the roughness, including its spectral breadth and correlation length, and of the apparent contact area have been identified and analyzed. Those results have been reproduced not only using numerical models, but also using analytical ones based on the extreme value theory. Bouncing-Ball-like models, the excitation of which is assumed to be given by the geometrical filtering, have also been implemented and match with a broad range of experimental observations in dynamical regime, from the transition to vibro-impacts.To test some of the hypothesis of the models, a new experimental multi-channel slider has been designed and has enabled access to the spatial localization of the transient micro-contacts between the antagonists surfaces. It has been shown that micro-contacts are governed by a characteristic length at low sliding speed and by a characteristic time at high speed. The rotational motion of the slider also increases with sliding speed, changing the micro-contact distribution along the surface of the slider
El, Arem Saber. "Vibrations non-linéaires des structures fissurées : application aux rotors de turbines." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325964.
Повний текст джерелаNony, Laurent. "Analyse de la microscopie de force dynamique : application à l'étude de l'A.D.N." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111164.
Повний текст джерелаen « contact intermittent ». L'objectif poursuivi est de réaliser des mesures locales d'interaction et de
mécanique sur une chaîne d'ADN. Le microscope est sensible aux forces d'interaction entre une pointe
de dimension nanométrique et l'objet ou la surface à analyser. En mode dynamique, la pointe oscille au
voisinage de la surface à des fréquences de quelques centaines de kilohertz et des amplitudes de l'ordre
de la dizaine de nanomètres. Ce comportement peut devenir non-linéaire selon l'intensité de
l'interaction et des conditions d'oscillation. Varier ces conditions en termes d'amplitude ou de
fréquence constitue une opportunité de contrôler cette interaction. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence la
possibilité d'imager une seule molécule d'ADN selon différents modes d'interaction : pur attractif, pur
répulsif et un mélange des deux. Par ailleurs, le microscope de force dynamique n'est pleinement
efficace que dans le cadre de la maîtrise de l'interaction de la pointe avec l'objet. La qualité de
l'échantillon et celle de la pointe doivent être contrôlées à l'échelle des mesures. Des expériences
préliminaires ont amené à retenir des substrats de silice greffés avec des molécules de silanes.
Concernant les molécules d'ADN, trois types de séquences ont été étudiés. Une longue chaîne de 2500
paires de bases (pb) comportant une succession de séquences non périodique, une séquence de 450pb
constituée d'Adénine sur un mono-brin et de Thymine sur le brin complémentaire et une chaîne de
même longueur, mais constituée d'une alternance d'Adénine et de Thymine sur chaque mono-brin. Ces
échantillons sont intéressants par la diversité des caractéristiques mécaniques attendues. L'exploitation
expérimentale des différents régimes permet de révéler des informations géométriques, mécaniques et
physico-chimiques sur les conformations des molécules.
Mourier, Karine. "Réponse dynamique de structures mécaniques à paramètres imprécis." Valenciennes, 2008. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/44095298-c83f-4ec5-9732-f888d5b193bf.
Повний текст джерелаNumerical simulations are more and more efficient but many sources of uncertainties distort structures behaviour prediction. Uncertainties are due to a lack of knowledge of the endogenous or exogenous parameters. Consequently, different methods are developed in order to model and propagate imprecision, maintaining reasonable numeric costs and limited overestimation. The fuzzy set theory is thus exploited in order to treat two problems with growing complexity. In the first part, a mixed approach is developed to calculate the fuzzy harmonic response of a mechanical system with uncertain modal parameters and forces. A functional analysis allows to define the useful combinations for the calculation by modal superposition principle. Computational costs are also reduced significantly. The second part of this work is concerned with the evaluation of the transient response of structures in contact (e. G. Braking systems). Uncertainties deal with the contact law and structural parameters. An approach based on an approximation of the modified solutions by projection techniques, is studied. Costs are limited due to the reduction of parameters’ combination and the computation of solutions in a reduced basis. A numerical application on a normal contact test case shows the efficiency of the methodology. These prospective works allow to draw different investigation fields to consider
Hmid, Abdelhak. "Dynamique d’équipements avec des non linéarités de liaisons localisées : Application aux systèmes optiques d’éclairage." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI139.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis deals with the prediction of nonlinear dynamic behavior of automotive headlamps. The attention is focused on building models to estimate the vibration behavior of lighting system to enhance its durability and comfort of vision. Vibration tests show that high levels of vibration damage projector components and degrade the stability of the illuminating beam. To avoid these issus, headlamps design must be adapted to include nonlinear phenomena provided from the joints connecting the reflector and housing subsets. The state of the art is performed on the non-linear dynamic behavior, models and methods and existing estimators quantifying nonlinearities. The modal tests performed demonstrate the presence of non-linear phenomena (clearance, friction, stick-slip, …) located in reflector-housing joints. Experimental investigations carried out on joints show different types of nonlinear behavior and help to identify the most important contact parameters (stiffness and damping). The limits of validity of the linear models are determined by empirically formulated criteria. Selected nonlinear models are integrated in a 1D-model reduced to one then two degrees of freedom of a projector. The representativeness of the model is evaluated basing of modal measurement of headlamp. The Harmonic Balance Method was used to calculate the periodic response. The algorithm calculates also the stability of the periodic solutions found, using Floquet theory, and follows stable or instable branches versus varying system parameters via the arc-length continuation technique. Finally, harmonic responses are predicted with a finite element model of the entire headlamp. The calculations are based on the identification of modes that are based on the weight distribution in the structures and joints proprities. Sensibility studies are carried out on stiffness and preloaded contact, coefficient of friction and damping. Impacts on the vibration levels were quantified that leads to update the finite element model and improve modal and harmonic results of headlamp
Peletan, Loïc. "Stratégie de modélisation simplifiée et de résolution accélérée en dynamique non linéaire des machines tournantes : Application au contact rotor-stator." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808515.
Повний текст джерелаDemailly, David. "Etude du comportement non-linéaire dans le domaine fréquentiel --- Application à la dynamique rotor." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587168.
Повний текст джерелаCharleux, Damien. "Etude des effets de la friction en pied d'aube sur la dynamique des roues aubagées." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/dcharleux.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD dissertation is devoted to the study of blade/disk attachments in turbomachinery with a particular emphasis on the impact of friction on the dynamic response of bladed disks. The problem was tackled both experimentally and numerically and the developed tools can be seen as a contribution to the prevention of high cycle fatigue failures due to the aerodynamic flow inhomogeneities
Trarieux, Chloé. "Mesure des propriétés viscoélastiques non linéaires par une méthode d'acousto-élasticité dynamique : application aux produits cosmétiques." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3312/document.
Повний текст джерелаFew tools have been developed for industrial quality control of textures on production lines. The use of contactless techniques. based on acoustic wavcs, offers an obvious advantage in food-processing industry and cosmetics. The dynamic acoustoelastic testing (DAET) is based on the interaction between a low-frequency compressionlexpansion pump wave and an ultrasound probe wave. leading to the quantification of the viscoelastic properties of the matter. We have initially developed a model describing the variations of the viscoelastic modulus: quantification of nonlinear elastic (B/A, C/A...) and viscous (ωηB/A. ωηC/A...) parameters. The DAET method and related model were then validated in homogeneous media (water, oils and gels) leading to low values of viscoelastic nonlineaiities (B/A<15 and ωηB/A<1), essentially governed by the fluid nature or state change. However, the most significant results were obtained in granular or air-based media (dry powder, foam and hollow beads): high values of quadratic and cubic nonlinearities due to microinhomogeneitics. This method appears to be an interesting alternative to conventional rheometry, especially for the characterization of these complex fluids
Korkmaz, Ibrahim. "Contribution à l'analyse dynamique d'une aube soumise à un frottement sec." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0009.
Повний текст джерелаNony, Laurent. "Applications de la microscopie de force dynamique en mode non-contact : structures supramoléculaires sur surfaces isolantes et microscopie de sonde de Kelvin." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861989.
Повний текст джерелаClavel, Jean-François. "Modélisation en dynamique transitoire non-linéaire par la méthode des éléments finis en schéma d'intégration explicite sur micro-ordinateur." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10114.
Повний текст джерелаBenchekroun, Omar. "Analyse non-linéaire des paliers aérodynamiques à feuilles et applications à la dynamique des rotors." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2308/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe foil bearings are used for guiding and supporting small rotors with high rotational speeds. Their operating functioning does not require any oil or grease. These bearings have a compliant structure. The presence of friction in the compliant structure brings damping, which is necessary for the rotor-bearing system operating at high speeds.After a presentation of the technology, an overview of the existing models and the limitations of each of them is exposed. Subsequently, a nonlinear model of the compliant structure is introduced. In this model, foils are considered as elastic solids. The friction forces and the gaps between the foils are taken into account by using the Moreau-Signorini non-interference condition. Normal forces and friction forces are calculated by using the augmented Lagrange multiplier method and the penalty method. Then, the compliant structure is coupled to the fluid film, dealt with the Reynolds equation for mixed lubrication conditions.The study is then focused on the bearing as a whole : compliant structure, fluid film, rotor. The start-up torque, the lift-off speed as well as operating conditions at high speeds and important static loads are part of the steady regime analyses. The effect of machining errors is highlighted. For the dynamic regime, the study consists of the non-linear analysis of a Jeffcott rotor supported by foil bearings. The results show the stability limits of the rotor-bearing system and the influence of unbalance
Wronski, Maciej. "Couplage du contact et du frottement avec la mécanique non linéaire des solides en grandes déformations : application à l'étude des blocs de mousse en polyuréthane." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD712.
Повний текст джерелаBatailly, Alain. "Simulation de l'interaction rotor/stator pour des turbo-machines aéronautiques en configuration non-accidentelle." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364945.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Sylvain. "Contribution à la modélisation du frittage en phase solide." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2144/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the simulation of the sintering of nuclear fuel on a pellet scale. The goal is to develop numerical tools which can contribute to a better understandingof the physical phenomena involved in the sintering process. Hence, a multi scale approach is proposed. First of all, a Discrete Element model is introduced. It aims at modeling the motion of particles on a Representative Elementary Volume scale using an original Discrete Element Method. The latter is a Non Smooth Method called Contact Dynamics. Recently, there have been numerous papers about the simulation of sintering using Discrete Element Method. As far as we know, all these papers use smooth methods. Different studies show that the results match well experimental data. However, some limits come from the fact that smooth methods use an explicit scheme which needsvery small time steps. In order to obtain an acceptable time step, the mass of particles have to be dramatically increased. The Non Smooth Contact Dynamics uses an implicit scheme, thus time steps can be much larger without scaling up the mass of particles. The comparison between smooth and non smooth approaches shows thatour method leads to a more realistic representation of rearrangement. An experimental validation using synchrotron X-Ray microtomography is then presented, followedby a parametric study on the sintering of bimodal powders that aims at showing the capacity of this model.The second part presents a mechanical model on the sub-Granular scale, using a Finite Element method. This targets a better understanding of the behavior of twograins in contact. The model is currently being developped but the first results already show that some parameters like the shape of the surface of the neck are very sensitive.In the future, the Non smooth Contact Dynamics model of sintering may be improvedusing the results obtained by the sub-Granular scale mechanical model
Kudawoo, Ayaovi Dzifa. "Problèmes industriels de grande dimension en mécanique numérique du contact : performance, fiabilité et robustesse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4771/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with computational contact mechanics between deformable solids. The aim of this work is to improve the performance, the reliability and the robustness of the algorithms and numerical models set in Code_Aster which is finite element code developped by Électricité De France (EDF) for its engineering needs. The proposed algorithms are used to solve high dimensional industrial problems in order to optimize the computational running times. Several solutions techniques are available in the field of computational contact mechanics but they must take into account the difficulties coming from non-smooth aspects due to Signorini-Coulomb laws coupled to large deformations of bodies and material non linearities. Firstly the augmented Lagrangian formulation so-called « stabilized Lagrangian » is introduced. Successively, the mathematical properties of the discrete operators are highlighted and furthermore a novel energetic function is presented. Secondly the kinematical condition with regard to the normal unknowns are reinforced through unconstrained optimization techniques which result to a novel formulation which is so-called « non standard augmented Lagrangian formulation ». Three types of strategies are implemented in the code. The generalized Newton method is developped : it is a method in which all the non linearities are solved in one loop of iterations. The partial Newton method is an hybrid technique between the generalized Newton one and a fixed point method
Polesel, Jérôme. "Modélisations et Expérimentations en Microscopie à Force Atomique Dynamique en Ultra Vide." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009666.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Azzouzi Khalid. "Modélisation et simulation numérique à l’échelle des fibres du comportement dynamique d’un multifilament unidirectionnel en placement de fibres robotisé." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0027.
Повний текст джерелаThe mechanical behavior of the carbon tow in lateral pressure characterized by the relative movement between fibers giving it a non-linear behavior because of the contact inter-fibers. The fact that the fibrous structure of the tow makes it difficult to characterize its mechanical behavior during the automated placement. The complexity of the mechanical modeling of this fibrous media at fiber scale is due to the fact that the mechanical non-linearity depends in large part to the geometric configuration of fibers, the friction between fibers and also the dynamic environment of the placement. The mechanical modeling complexity is a consequence of the tight coupling between loading and deformation directions modifying the microstructure. This thesis is in keeping with the parameter optimization of the Automated Dry Fiber Placement process with a laser heat source. In order to improve understanding the thermos-mechanical behavior of tow during placement, a dynamic model has been developed to simulate the interaction between fibers. The aim is to be able to predict the geometric configuration of fibers under loading, as well as the position of the contact points. These works are the first step to achieving the objective of identifying and optimizing process parameters in order to increase the lay down speed as well as the quality of the preform
Thorin, Anders. "Non-smooth model of the grand piano action." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/93/94/93/PDF/20140102_manuscript_PhD.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe grand piano action aims at propelling the hammer up to the strings. This mechanism provides the pianist with a high-controllability of the time of impact of the hammer with the strings and the hammer's velocity at the impact. This controllability is believed to be due to the dynamic behaviour of the piano action. The present thesis proposes a simulation method of a complete model of the mechanism, which opens doors to improvements of the haptic rendering of digital keyboards. The sound following the impact of the hammer on the strings is not analysed. In the last fifteen years, various models of the piano action including several degrees of freedom, friction and intermittent contacts, have been proposed. Our approach differs from existing work in that it is based on a new viewpoint for model validation and simulation. Indeed, using a in-depth study of a model with a single degree of freedom, it is shown that the simulation of a complete dynamic model must be driven with a displacement whilst, until now, only force driven simulations have been presented. Velocity discontinuities, occurring during the descent of the key, raise numerical issues which are analysed. They are overcome by non-smooth numerical methods that have been implemented in the computer program XDE. The results of the simulation are presented and compared to experimental measurements. For both piano and forte keystrokes, most of the irregularities in the measured force are reflected in the simulated force. The kinematics of the bodies is also correctly predicted. Eventually, a sensitivity analysis of the dynamic behaviour to the model's parameters is proposed
Saint-Cyr, Baptiste. "Modélisation des matériaux granulaires cohésifs à particules non convexes : Application à la compaction des poudres d'UO2." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660146.
Повний текст джерелаNineb, Shéhérazade. "Modélisations et outils numériques en mécanique non régulière et applications à la tenségrité." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20226.
Повний текст джерелаBalmaseda, Aguirre Mikel. "Reduced order models for nonlinear dynamic analysis of rotating structures : Application to turbomachinery blades." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI067.
Повний текст джерелаDans le présent travail, des modèles d’ordre réduits (ROM) indépendant des modèles ́eléments finis d’haute fidélité (FOM) ont ́eté d ́eveloppés pour l’etude de la dynamique non linéaire des structures en rotation. Les vibrations de la structure autour de l’équilibre précontraint induit par la rotation sont considérées comme non linéaires, améliorant l’approche linéarisée classique. Les forces généralisées non linéaires sont approximées par un polynôme d’ordre trois obtenu avec la procédure Stiffness Evaluation Procedure (STEP). Ici, une approche originale est proposée pour corriger les forces non linéaires à l’aide d’une base de forces non linéaires obtenue avec une décomposition orthogonale aux valeurs propres (POD). Ce modèle est nommé STEP avec Correction (StepC). Différents types de base réduite sont présentés et testés. Certaines de ces bases sont paramétrées en fonction de la vitesse de rotation, ce qui réduit considérablement le temps de construction du modèle réduit. Les résultats obtenus avec le modèle StepC ROM sont en bon accord avec le FOM et sont capables de reproduire le couplage en déplacement entre les dégrés de liberté de la structure. De plus, elles sont plus précises que les solutions ROM linéarisées classiques et que le modèle STEP ROM sans correction. Le modèle StepC ROM proposé offre le meilleur compromis entre précision et temps de construction du ROM
Ndao, Bada. "Génération et détection sans contact des ondes de Rayleigh par méthodes ultrasons-laser et EMAT en mode statique et dynamique : application à la détection de défauts surfaciques dans le champignon du rail." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0038/document.
Повний текст джерелаSquats and head-checks are a form of near surface rolling contact fatigue damage found in rail heads. The ability to detect these defects in static and dynamic modes when their depth is under the critical threshold of 5 mm represents a major challenge for the rail industry. Conventional inspection methods do not allow their detection with certainty. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop alternative methods for automatic rail inspection leading to open cracks detection. We show that non-contact methods: Laser-Ultrasonics and electromagnetic transducers (EMAT) are very efficient for the detection of the previously defined defects using surface acoustic waves, particularly in the case of a dynamic control. This study presents two methods for the generation and detection of Rayleigh waves. Static and dynamic tests are performed. The experimental results show the feasibility of the envisaged methods for the detection of squats and head-checks of different depths. Especially, the EMAT tests were satisfactory for high speeds displacement of the sample
Abboud, Rita. "Méthode de mesure sans contact de la température intégrée au rotor d’une machine électrique tournante au moyen d’une fibre optique à réseaux de Bragg." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2645.
Повний текст джерелаIn the transportation system domain, heating problems appear with the temperature increase in different types of electrical machines. In the classical design of electrical machines, thermal analysis should be considered in the initial design, control and monitoring of electrical machines. The measurement of local temperature especially in the rotor is important for several reasons such as extending the lifetime of the electrical machine components, and localizing the hot spots inside the machine which allows the development of appropriate cooling systems and protects the machine. Numerous approaches for temperature measurement can be used such as thermocouples, thermistors, infrared sensors or infra-red cameras. This thesis presents a non-contact technique that measures the temperature of the rotor of a small machine using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) sensor. Monitoring local temperature especially inside the rotor is important in order to detect early thermal aging of the machine. Hot spot in the rotating parts can be localized by using this technique. The main originality of the proposed work is measuring high temperatures (70°C) with high speed of rotation (860 RPM) of rotating machines and most importantly integrating the FBG sensor into a geometrically small scale electrical rotor of vehicles. The FBG sensor response has been simulated using Transfer matrix method (TMM). After that, the FBG has been calibrated from 20 °C to 70 °C using a heating furnace fabricated at our laboratory. A small rotating machine with embedded FBG has then been designed and fabricated. The temperature of the rotor has been changed while rotating the machine and wavelength shifts due to temperature variations have been experimentally measured up to 860 RPM. A temperature sensitivity of 4.7 pm/°C have been experimentally reached. The ability of this sensor to monitor real time temperature variations of the rotor has been experimentally validated
Tching, Loïc. "Traitement générique des interactions haptiques pour l'assemblage d'objets issus de CAO." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470327.
Повний текст джерелаVermot, Des Roches Guillaume. "Simulation fréquentielle et temporelle du crissement. Application à la conception de freins automobiles industriels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589951.
Повний текст джерелаCollette, Cyrille. "Commande dynamique d'humains virtuels : équilibre robuste et gestion des tâches." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066626.
Повний текст джерелаKane, Malal. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de la rugosité et des effets non-Newtoniens dans les contacts sévères lubrifiés." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0008/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe study undertaken in this thesis aims at setting up a new model made up of a digital part using of new techniques of analysis and being able to take into account the local geometry and the non-Newtonian effects. Various the digital simulations that we carried out made it possible to validate the homogenized equations which we established as well as the digital model implemented. The development software makes it possible to treat with rigour any type of roughness and the laws of behaviour of the Maxwell type
Kane, Malal Bou-Saïd Benyebka. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de la rugosité et des effets non-Newtoniens dans les contacts sévères lubrifiés." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=kane.
Повний текст джерелаThorin, Anders. "Modèle non-régulier de la touche de piano à queue." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00939493.
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