Дисертації з теми "Dynamique des trous"
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Hemsendorf, Marc. "Dynamics of black holes in galactic centres /." Aachen : ShakerVerl, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37738880s.
CHEBIRA, AMOR. "Etude de la dynamique des trous a l'echelle femtoseconde dans les semiconducteurs iii-v et ii-vi." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112140.
Sadoun, Raphael. "Dynamique des trous noirs supermassifs au cours des fusions de galaxies et étude des interactions avec leur environnement." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066596.
The formation and evolution of supermassive black holes, compact objects weighting up to billion solar masses and residing in the center of most galaxies, is still poorly understood. This thesis is devoted to the study of two main aspects of supermassive black hole physics. Using state-of-art numerical simulations, I have investigated in a first part the dynamics of supermassive black holes in two different models of galaxy mergers explaining the formation of the Giant Southern Stream, an extended stream of stars recently observed in the outskirts of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). By considering a more realistic model than what was proposed so far, I make a robust prediction for the projected position of the massive black hole progenitor in the first scenario corresponding to a minor merger between M31 and a satellite galaxy. I also study the trajectory of the satellite and show that it must have had a complex orbital history prior to the formation of the stream. In the second scenario, I demonstrate the possibility that a major merger between two-gas rich galaxies can lead simultaneously to the formation of the stream and the peculiar centralregion of M31 constituted of a double nucleus. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the connection between supermassive black holes and globular clusters. By compiling available measurements, I find evidence for a tight correlation between massive black hole mass and velocity dispersion of globular cluster systems. I also study interactions between star clusters and massive black holes and show that they can significantly alter the orbital evolution of a massive binary black hole system
Anon, Ester. "Dynamique de la fermeture des trous épithéliaux en utilisant des techniques de micromécanique et de microfabrication." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793440.
Badirou, Mohamed Rilwanowlai. "Simulation Monte-Carlo en régimes statique et dynamique de HEMT de la filière InP." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-235.pdf.
Inchauspé, Henri-René. "De LISA Pathfinder à LISA : élaboration d'un simulateur dynamique pour la mission spatiale eLISA." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC193.
The gravitational Universe and the rise of an entirely new astronomy using gravitational waves have been selected by ESA as the scientific theme for the future large space mission L3 planned for 2030 decade. In that context, eLISA (evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission seems favored, and is besides preceded by the LISA Pathfinder mission, about to be launched (December 2nd), that aims to demonstrate the technology envisaged. The scientific outcome of this mission would be very wide, concerning at the same time fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. The work described in this document allows to deliver a simulator reproducing the closed-loop dynamical behavior of a three-body system : the spacecraft and the two test-masses. The simulator is based on a Space State Model of the dynamical system, of the measurement and actuation systems and includes numerous modelled imperfections such as sensor noises and stray forces applied on the test masses (the inertial references of the system), hence allowing to study the impact of these imperfections on the detector performances. In particular, this simulation tool allows to perform preliminary estimates of a fundamental quantity, the residual acceleration, that will limit the sensitivity of eLISA to low frequency gravitational waves
Besbas, Jean. "Influence de la densité de trous sur la dynamique des charges et de l'aimantation du (Ga, Mn)As en couche." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798208.
Rollin, Guillaume. "Chaos dynamique dans le problème à trois corps restreint." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2028/document.
This work is devoted to the study of the restricted 3-body problem and particularly to the capture-evolution-ejection process of particles by binary systems (star-planet, binary star, star-supermassive black hole, binary black hole, ...). First, using a generalized Kepler map, we describe, through the case of 1P/Halley, the chaotic dynamics of comets in the Solar System. The here considered binary system is the couple Sun-Jupiter. The symplectic application we use allows us to depict the main characteristics of the dynamics: chaotic trajectories, KAM islands associated to resonances with Jupiter orbital motion, ... We determine exactly and semi-analytically the exchange of energy (kick function) between the Solar System and 1P/Halley at its passage at perihelion. This kick function is the sum of the contributions of 3-body problems Sun-planet-comet associated to the eight planets. We show that each one of these contributions can be split in a keplerian term associated to the planet gravitational potential and a dipolar term due to the Sun movement around Solar System center of mass. We also use the generalized Kepler map to study the capture of dark matter particles by binary systems. We derive the capture cross section showing that long range capture is far more efficient than close encounter induced capture. We show the importance of the rotation velocity of the binary in the capture process. Particularly, a binary system with an ultrafast rotation velocity accumulates a density of captured matter up to 10^4 times the density of the incoming flow of matter. Finally, by direct integration of the planar restricted 3-body problem equations of motion, we study the ejection of particles initially captured by a binary system. In the case of a binary with two components of comparable masses, although almost all the particles are immediately ejected, we show, on Poincaré sections, that the trace of remaining particles in the vicinity of the binary form a fractal structure associated to a strange repeller associated to chaotic open systems. This fractal structure, also present in real space, has a shape of two arm spiral sharing similarities with spiral structures observed in galaxies such as the Milky Way
Boldrini, Pierre. "The cusp-core problem in dwarf galaxies : new solutions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS082.
This doctoral research focuses on the nature of the dark matter (DM) and more particularly on the inconsistency of inner DM density profiles in dwarf galaxies, the cusp-core problem. We have found new resolutions of this cold DM challenge at small scales using high resolution fully GPU N-body simulations. First, we have re-investigated the Fornax cusp-core problem using observational results on the spatial and mass distributions of globular clusters in order to put constraints on the DM profile. Then, N-body simulations were designed to demonstrate that DM minihalos, as a new component of globular clusters, resolve both the timing and cusp-core problems in Fornax if the globular clusters were recently accreted. Secondly, we have examined whether DM candidates in the form of PBHs can solve the cusp-core problem in low-mass galaxies. This mechanism works for PBHs in the 25-100 Msol mass window but requires a lower limit on the PBH mass fraction of 1% of the total dwarf galaxy DM content. Then, we have demonstrated that subhalos sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central intermediate massive BH out to tens of parsecs. Finally, we demonstrate that accretion of a satellite on a highly eccentric orbit causes the formation a DM core and naturally explains a present BH offset by sub-parsecs in M31
Vaziri, Goudarzi Hamed. "Hole Dynamics in Films." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS640.
Oceanic film bursting is a phenomenon in which a thin liquid film representing the cap of the bubble bursts at the surface of the ocean, producing film drops. The film bursting phenomenon is critical in ocean-atmosphere exchanges, particularly in transferring heat, mass, and momentum between the ocean and the atmosphere. The film bursting phenomenon comprises a series of complex dynamics, such as drainage, puncture, film retraction, and film disintegration into film drops. The hole healing (i.e., when a hole is too small and is closed after its nucleation) is a critical parameter that could impact the film bursting dynamics, particularly the film thickness at bursting and, thus, the liquid budget for the film drop production. The present work investigates the dynamics of holes in free liquid films, presenting a comprehensive understanding of the hole-healing phenomenon while focusing on the film bursting in the oceanic context. This was achieved through a combination of numerical simulations and analytical approaches. The numerical simulations were carried out using Basilisk. This robust and efficient two-phase flow solver is based on a Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) method and written using the C-programming language. The underlying mechanism for the hole-healing phenomenon was studied in detail. The dichotomy simulations for the determination of the healing threshold carried out in this work have used high-resolution mesh refinement. This was possible by using an adaptive mesh scheme provided by Basilisk. The analytical approaches were used to develop hypotheses to predict the healing threshold of a hole on a film, which were tested against numerical results. The critical dynamics of the hole are examined, and distinct power laws were identified for the tip curvature to illustrate the driving mechanism. The variations in the hole healing threshold with other problem parameters were examined. This study was first carried out for a flat film, discovering that the healing threshold is increased by increasing the film Laplace number. This effect was pronounced for values ranging from 1 to 10000, coinciding with the customary range of film Laplace numbers observed for oceanic bursting bubbles. The observed effects were also elaborated upon, along with physical explanations. Since the exact initial shape of the hole was shown to influence the healing threshold, an examination was carried out to study this effect on the consistency of the results from changing the film Laplace number, taken as an example for the other. It was shown that despite variations in the threshold for different shapes, the effect of changing the film Laplace number was independent of the hole shape. Therefore, the dichotomy results were shown to be independent of the arbitrary choice of the hole shape throughout the study. A similar study was carried out for a hole in a bubble cap after a detailed study of the bubble and gas outflow dynamics. It was discovered that the gas outflow undergoes a Venturi effect, where a stronger outflow, resulting from smaller bubble sizes or higher gas Laplace numbers, was shown to increase the healing threshold. A hypothesis was developed to predict the Venturi effect on the healing threshold, resulting in a Venturi correction term that predicted a power law dependency on the bubble diameter, which agreed with the numerical results. The Venturi effect was significant for high values of the gas Laplace number, where the healing threshold was doubled by increasing the film mean curvature from a flat film to a bubble cap with a size 20 times the bubble cap thickness. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the hole-healing phenomenon, particularly in oceanic film bursting. The present work also offers a foundation for future studies on the film-bursting phenomenon involving complex dynamics, including hole healing
Reymbaut, Alexis. "Universalité du crossover de Mott à demi-remplissage et effets de la répulsion coulombienne aux premiers voisins sur la dynamique supraconductrice des isolants de Mott dopés aux trous." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8336.
Sartori, Cédric. "Modélisation de l'endommagement dynamique avec prise en compte de l'effet de forme des cavités." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0195.
The ductile fracture mechanism involves three stages: void nucleation, void growth and void coalescence. Under dynamic loading conditions, void growth is strongly affected by microinertia effects resulting from the local acceleration of the matrix material in the vicinity of the void. Several works devoted to quasi-static conditions also show that void shape has a strong impact on the behavior of porous ductile materials. However, there exist only few works considering the combined effect of these two contributions. In the present work, we propose an original, multi-scale constitutive model of porous materials, taking into account void shape and micro-inertia effects. In a first step, a representative volume element defined by two confocal prolate spheroids is used to represent the porous material. The matrix behavior is assumed to be rigid-viscoplastic. Based on the work of Molinari and Mercier (2001), the macroscopic stress is the sum of a static and a dynamic part. The static contribution is described by the Gologanu et al. model (1997). The dynamic stress is derived by choosing the trial velocity field proposed by Gologanu et al. (1993). With the present modeling, a link is established between the macroscopic dynamic stress, on the one hand and, the macroscopic strain rate tensor and its time derivative on the other hand. To validate the proposed model, finite element computations have been performed for different void geometries and void volume fractions. The influence of micro-inertia on the macroscopic flow surface is analyzed and a good agreement between modeling and simulations is observed. In a second step, a representative volume element defined by two confocal oblate spheroids is used to represent the porous material. For this configuration, the static contribution is also described by using the Gologanu et al. model (1997), while the derivation of the dynamic stress is based on the trial velocity field proposed by Gologanu et al. (1994). As for the prolate case, a good agreement is retrieved between model predictions and results of finite element computations. The spherical void configuration is investigated as the limit case for the oblate and prolate models. The continuity between the two models is established. Finally, the proposed models are combined to investigate the porosity and void shape evolutions in a porous solid under dynamic loadings. A parametric study has been performed by varying the stress triaxiality, the initial void shape and the loading rate. Significant void shape variations are observed for low triaxiality loadings. With the present modeling, the void can evolve from prolate to oblate shapes (and the reverse). Model predictions are compared to finite element computations
Mouelhi, Chaouki. "Trois essais en dynamique financière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26319/26319.pdf.
YU, JIU MAN. "Trois études de dynamique économique." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA122A04.
The subject of this thesis concernes three macroeconomies models. The first part is deroted to the overlapping generation model. We give some sufficient conditions for the existence and the uniqueness of a steady-state equilibrium in this model with productive capital. The second part deals with the model of saving optimal and of investment. The rate of capital utilization is introduced in these models subject to ajustement costs. We study the optimality condition and the dynamic behavior in this model. The third part is concerned with the model of job search in the labour market we develop this model from two sides, firstly, we study the problem of unemployment. Our studies are articulated around four aspects-dynamic analysis of job demand and job supply; studies of optimal behaviours of individual job search and of optimal strategies of firms's recruitement; study of wage determination; analysis of multiple equilibriums of unemployment rate and the possible persistence of unemployment. Secondly, we study the problem of industrialization. We construct a model of search equilibrium with two kinds of industrializations: modern et traditionnal. We look for un optimal level of acquisition of new techniques and a multiple equilibrium of industrialization level. We show that the low-level equilibrium of industrialization is a trap. The hopf's bifurcation is used to determine when an under developpment trap existes and when a tackeoff path exits
Leleu, Adrien. "Dynamique des planètes coorbitales." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066244/document.
This work focuses on the dynamics and the detection methods of co-orbital exoplanets. We call "co-orbital" any configuration in which two planets orbit with the same mean mean-motion around the same star. First, we revisit the results of the circular coplanar case. We also recall that the manifold associated to the coplanar case and the manifold corresponding to the circular case are both invariant by the flow of the averaged Hamiltonian. We hence study these two particular cases. We focus mainly on the coplanar case (eccentric), where we study the evolution of families of non-maximal quasi-periodic orbits parametrized by the eccentricity of the planets. We show that the geometry of these families is highly dependent on the eccentricity, which causes significant topology changes across the space of phases as the latter increases. A chapter is dedicated to the detection of co-orbital exoplanets. We recall the different detection methods adapted to the co-orbital case. We focus on the radial velocity technique, and the combination of radial velocity and transit measurements. Finally, we describe a method to study the effect of orbital perturbations on the spin-orbit resonances for a rigid body. We apply this method in two cases: the eccentric co-orbital case and the circumbinary case
Farago, François. "Quelques aspects de la dynamique des systèmes planétaires extrasolaires." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2010. https://hal.science/tel-02094983.
The doctoral thesis presents analytical methods to study the dynamics of systems of bodies under their mutual gravitational interactions. It is motivated by the great diversity of properties and behaviors exhibited by extrasolar planetery systems. However, the methods which we present here can also apply in other contexts such as the study of multiple stellar systems or the study of stellar populations around compact objects in the galactic center. We widely use secular models because they allow a simplification in the equations as well as a considerable speed-up in numerical computations. This last aspect is critical when a large set of initial conditions must be explored. We first derive a semi-secular model which is adapted to the study of a system where one of the bodies is much closer to the central body than the other ones. This model is illustrated on the multi-planetary system around mu Arae. The vectorial formalism used throughout this doctoral work is also introduced. The second part of this thesis studies the quadripolar and secular three-body problem. Al ready explored by Ferrer and Osacar (1994), it is an integrable problem. We give a formulation of the problem which allows it to be very easily connected to its to extreme interior (Kozai, 1962) and exterior (Palacian, 2006) cases. We use this formulation to explain the results obtained by Verrier and Evans (2009). The last part of the thesis focuses on the addition of tidal interactions in systems dominated by Kozai's mechanism. We derive a model of this situation and apply it to the case of HD 80606b which is the most eccentric extrasolar planet discovered with an eccentricity of e=0. 93
Gloriant, François. "Caractérisation et modélisation d'une fenêtre parieto-dynamique à trois vitrages." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0205/document.
The ventilated window is a passive system of heat recovery. It draws fresh air circulating between window’s glasses from the outside to the inside. A part of the heat which crosses the glasses is then recovered by the air flow. The Paziaud® window is composed of three glasses separated by ventilated air spaces in U-shape. While the implementation of a double-flow ventilation system for the housing retrofitting is complex, this Paziaud® window costs only 20% more than a conventional double-glazed window but improves significantly the heat recovery.In order to study the performance of the Paziaud® window, numerical and experimental works have been undertaken and have confirmed the potentiality of such windows. However, a thermal code able to take into account the heat exchange is not available for such system. Considering this lack of simulations, several simplified models based on electrical analogy have been developed. Particular attention is paid to the convective exchange process in the ventilated air spaces. The numerical results could validate a simplified thermal model which can be integrated to the building codes
Treibich, Tania. "Trois essais sur la dynamique industrielle : banques, investissement et performance économique." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0030.
The relation between economic performance and the banking sector evolves according to the economic context and depends on firms’ as well as banks’ performance. Firms’ capacity to finance their production and investment plans impacts their ability to grow and improve their efficiency. As a consequence, industrial dynamics, i. E. How firms are selected within a market, are impacted by bank-firms links and the credit allocation process. In turn, the structure and performance of the banking sector also feed back into firms’ ability to fund their projects. This work thus investigates the mechanisms of transmission between the banking sector and industrial dynamics from three different perspectives, using alternative tools and methods. We start with an empirical study of the relation between firm performance and investment in the French and Italian manufacturing sectors. Because investment opportunities are aligned with the projects finally financed, we can conclude that the banking sector does not seem to distort selection mechanisms. Second, we turn to the analysis of the relationship-building process between firms and banks, and how their choices impact credit rationing. To do so, we resort to an experimental study, where we are able to disentangle supply and demand factors explaining the emergence of single or multiple lending links. We complete our study with an agent-based macroeconomic model, which bottom-up perspective shows how the individual decisions impact macroeconomic aggregates. In this last work, we are able to evaluate how bank bailout policies as well as fiscal rules interact and impact the macroeconomic targets
Naudot, Vincent. "Bifurcations homoclines des champs de vecteurs en dimension trois." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS009.
Lamy, Frédéric. "Theoretical and phenomenological aspects of non-singular black holes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC203/document.
The issue of singularities in General Relativity dates back to the very first solution to the equations of the theory, namely Schwarzschild's 1915 black hole. Whether they be of coordinate or curvature nature, these singularities have long puzzled physicists, who managed to better characterize them in the late 60's. This led to the famous singularity theorems applying both to cosmology and black holes, and which assume a classical behaviour of the matter content of spacetime summarized in the so-called energy conditions. The violation of these conditions by quantum phenomena supports the idea that singularities are to be seen as a limitation of General Relativity, and would be cured in a more general theory of quantum gravity. In this thesis, pending for such a theory, we aim at investigating black hole spacetimes deprived of any singularity as well as their observational consequences. To that purpose, we consider both modifications of General Relativity and the coupling of Einstein's theory to exotic matter contents. In the first case, we show that one can recover the static spherically symmetric non-singular black holes of Bardeen and Hayward in principle in mimetic gravity, and implicitly by a deformation of General Relativity's hamiltonian constraint in an approach based on loop quantum gravity techniques. In the second case, we stay inside the framework of General Relativity and consider effective energy-momentum tensors associated with a fully regular rotating Hayward metric and with a dynamical spacetime describing the formation and evaporation of a non-singular black hole. For the latter, we show that all models based on the collapse of ingoing null shells and willing to describe Hawking’s evaporation are doomed to violate the energy conditions in a non-compact region of spacetime. Lastly, the theoretical study of the rotating Hayward metric comes with numerical simulations of such an object at the center of the Milky Way, using the ray-tracing code Gyoto and mimicking the known properties of the accretion structure of Sgr A*. These simulations allow exhibiting the two very different regimes of the metric, with or without horizon, and emphasize the difficulty of asserting the presence of a horizon from strong-field images as the ones provided by the Event Horizon Telescope
Régal, Xavier. "Caractérisation du comportement en traction du béton sous fortes sollicitations : essais de flexion trois points aux barres de Hopkinson." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2003/document.
The concrete is one of the most widely used constructional materials. However, its tensile behavior in dynamic is yet not perfectly known. In order to design concrete structures and predict their collapse in the case of industrial accidents, it is mandatory to know its tensile strength. This property depends on the different solicitations to which the concrete can be exposed. In order to characterize the tensile strength of a R30A7 concrete and its dependence on the strain rate, three points bending tests are performed in static and dynamic cases. For this purpose, the most recent standards are used in the static tests. The dynamic ones are carried out with the split Hopkinson pressure bars. This device allows to perform dynamic tests with both the speed and effort loading measurements. Moreover a high speed camera is used to record these experiments in order to acquire full-field displacement measurements with the help of the digital image correlation. Tools using these fields are created to detect the apparition of the crack in one hand, and to follow the crack propagation in the other hand. All these experimental devices and the use of different models, some of which take in account the sample damage, make it possible to determinate the evolution of the tensile strength depending on the strain rate. This work brings forward the fact that ignoring the material damage increases the tensile strength obtain from the tests
GAILLY, BENJAMIN. "Etude du comportement dynamique et de la rupture de trois aciers a blindage." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0727.
Flayac, Hugo. "Nouvelles tendances dans les condensats d'exciton-polaritons spineurs : défauts topologiques et structures de basse dimensionnalité." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822148.
Torrès, Olivier. "Trois essais sur les méthodes d'union-intersection et l'économétrie des modèles dynamiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21522.pdf.
LEVRAY, FREDERIQUE MYRIAM. "Evaluation en laboratoire et sur le terrain de trois cardiofrequencemetres par reference au systeme holter." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF11004.
Commerçon, Nicole. "La Dynamique du changement dans trois villes moyennes Chalon-sur-Saône, Macon, Bourg-en-Bresse /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604196g.
El, Moutamid Maryame. "Etude analytique et numérique des Résonances de Moyen Mouvement : Application à la dynamique des petits satellites de Saturne." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2013. https://hal.science/tel-02095152.
The aim of my work is to better understand the dynamics of the small Saturnian satellites that are in mean motion resonance with Mimas (whose mass will be noted μ′s), and are also associated with rings and arcs of matter. The difficulty with these mean motion resonances is that, even in the simplest case where the small satellites (μs) is massless and the inclinations are equal to zero (the Restricted Planar Three Problem), there are several resonances associated with each mean motion commensura- bility. More precisely, I studied first order mean motion resonances m+1:m (m is an integer). In this case, there are only two resonances, called Corotation Eccentric Resonances (CERs) and Lindblad Eccentric Resonances (LERs). Having two degrees of freedom, the Hamiltonian which describes the motion of μs and μ′s is in general non integrable, and leads to chaotic motions in some regions in the phase space. The aims of this thesis are : 1. To clearly distinguish the two types of resonances (CER and LER). I show here that Lindblad resonances mainly excite the orbital eccentricity of the test particle (leaving the semi- major axis relatively unaffected) while the corotation resonances mainly change the semi-major axis (leaving the eccentricity relatively unaffected). 2. To discuss the integrability of the two-degree of freedom system in presence of the two critical angles corresponding to the two resonances. Then, I show the presence of constants of motion that I interpret physically. 3. To rescale the restricted problem (μ = 0) and obtain a model that depends only upon two dimensionless parameters : the distance D between the two resonances and a parameter εL which depends on the mass and orbital eccentricity of μ′s. This approach allows me to study the problem in a generic way. For D = 0, the problem is integrable. I show numerically that large chaotic regions appear for small values of D. For larger values of D, the system tends towards an integrable system again, that I have solved by using adiabatic invariants arguments
Kadiri, Yasser. "Contribution à l'étude des effets à trois corps sur la structure et la thermodynamique des liquides surfondus et amorphes." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Kadiri.Yasser.SMZ0136.pdf.
This thesis is devoted to the study of the three-body interactions on the structural and thermodynamic properties, during liquid-supercooled liquid and liquid-amorphous transformations. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations that gives a direct acces to the physical properties from the interactions. Therefore, both the theoretical developments and the potential can be tested by comparison with the experiment. In order to increase the accuracy of the calculations, we handled a large number of particle using a parallel version of the molecular dynamics code with a spatial decomposition of the simulation box. Our study was fisrt applied to rare gases, namely argon, krypton and xenon. The interactions between atoms, wich are dipolar in origin, are described by the Aziz and Slaman (AS) pair potential combined to the Axilrod-Teller (AT) three-body potential. It is well known that this model (AS+AT) is adapted to the study of these systems. As the AS and AT potentials cand be separated, we were able to show its influence in the liquid, supercooled and amorphous states as well as on the vitreous transition temperature Tg. In particular, the AT potential has the effect of increasing TG for all the rare gases. Thus, its use does not contradict the law of the corresponding states, wich confers an universal character on the AS+AT model for the rare gases. We also study liquid and supercooled silicon as well as liquid germanium with the Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential, wich contains both the two- and the three-body contributions. For these covalent materials, the three-body interactions are preponderant and can not be separated from the pair potential. For silicon, we have modified the SW parameter, allowing us to describe with a good accuracy the structure in supercooled states, compared with recent experiments. We were able to show that the double shoulder on the pair correlation function in this states should be accompanied by a strong increase of the density. For germanium, we have modified the parameter of the potential SW, wich controls the relative importance of the two- and three-body potentials, to obtain a good prediction of the melting point. This parameterization predicts correctly the structural properties and opens the way for a more complete study of this system
Charpail, Estelle. "Analyse du comportement mécanique des côtes humaines en dynamique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002983.
Wang, Qiwei. "Trois essais sur la dynamique des firmes en présence de contraintes financières et de chocs macroéconomiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961191.
Féjoz, Jacques. "Dynamique seculaire globale du probleme plan des trois corps et application a l'existence de mouvements quasiperiodiques." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132020.
Morel, Aurélien. "Dynamique de recombinaison électron-trou dans les puits et les boites quantiques InGaN / (Al)GaN." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20063.
Kadiri, Yasser Bretonnet Jean-Louis Jakse Noël. "Contribution à l'étude des effets à trois corps sur la structure et la thermodynamique des liquides surfondus et amorphes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2001/Kadiri.Yasser.SMZ0136.pdf.
Bonnet, Claude-Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude théorique des comportements dynamiques et statistiques des réactions d'échange à trois atomes." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10650.
Mit, Corentin. "Modélisation mécaniste de la dynamique de biomarqueurs chez les poissons téléostéens : lien entre exposition et effetsprécoces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AGPT0001.
Biomarkers are useful tools for the diagnosis of environmental risk in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, the measurement of these sub-individual markers still presents some limitations for the assessment of ecosystem health, including the characterisation of the complex dynamics of responses of these non-lethal effects as a function of time or dose, or the extrapolation of responses from one scale of biological organisation to another. One of the solutions that seems promising for characterising the dynamics of these responses from a change of scale perspective would be to integrate the biomarkers into mechanistic models that make it possible to predict these dynamics and explain the mechanisms underlying the effects. This thesis proposes to build mechanistic models of physiologically based toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (PBTK-TD) to better characterise and understand the response dynamics of biomarkers. In this context, the problem of biomarker dynamics was divided in two. First, the "toxico-kinetic" or TK makes it possible to link the external dose, present in the environment, to the internal dose, present in the organism. Second, the "toxico-dynamic" or TD, makes the link between the internal dose and the effect. Accordingly, the first step in this thesis was to collect a set of TK and TD data in our model species, the three-spined stickleback, on a family of compounds, the bisphenols, and more specifically, BPA, BPS and BPF. These data, collected from short-term exposures (seven days of contamination and seven days of depuration) and long-term exposure (21 days), were used to compare the modulating effects of bisphenols on biomarkers. In particular, markers of innate immunity were strongly impacted by these substances. Differences in kinetics between BPA and BPS were also highlighted. Subsequently, the data collected during the exposures were used to build a physiologically based TK model (PBTK) for BPA, then a PBTK model coupled with TD sub-models (PBTK-TD) describing the dynamics of certain immunomarkers in the stickleback. Finally, a last PBTK-TD model was built to demonstrate the feasibility of this modelling approach for integrating exposure conditions more representative of those in the natural environment, i.e. for a mixture of substances. Taken as a whole, this thesis demonstrates the attractiveness of coupling the experimental approach consisting in measuring biomarkers and modelling
Bridji, Slim. "Modélisation de la Grande Dépression : trois essais sur les expériences française et américaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100045.
This thesis uses and develops dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models for a better understanding of the Great Depression in U.S. and particularly in France. It is composed of three essays. In the first essay, the business cycle accounting method is used to identify the main frictions that account for the French Great Depression. Those frictions are then compared to the ones that are emphasized for explaining the U.S. Great Depression. The second essay provides an explanation of the total factor productivity collapse in the U.S. and in France during the Great Depression, based on the organizational capital that is accumulated by farms through a learning-by-doing mechanism. The third essay proposes a DSGE model which emphasizes the functioning of the gold standard. The ability of this model to replicate the French macroeconomic and monetary fluctuations during the 1930s is then assessed
Dembélé, Oupré Claude. "Dynamique de l’azote et du carbone lors de la décomposition de trois légumineuses utilisées comme cultures de couverture." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40302.
Miaud, Claude. "La dynamique des populations subdivisées : étude comparative chez trois amphibiens urodèles (Triturus alpestris, T. helveticus et T. cristatus)." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10029.
Gobert, Karine. "Trois essais sur les problèmes d'engagement dans les contrats dynamiques de partage de risque en finance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ43011.pdf.
Oehler, Viola. "Dynamiques de trois villes moyennes du sud Viet Nam : Can Tho, Da Lat et Nha Trang." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20020.
In 1986, the Vietnamese government introduced a reform policy known as Doi Moi. Its most important elements are an economic liberalization, the opening of Vietnam to foreigners and the suppression of control on peoples' movements. These reforms have profoundly changed Vietnamese society and territory. Polarizing a great deal of these recent movements, Ho Chi Minh-City has emerged as the economic metropolis of the south of Vietnam as well as of the entire nation. In this new general setting, which is further specified in the first part of this study, what is the development of the medium-sized cities in the south of Vietnam ? In a comparative approach, the cities of Can Tho, Da Lat and Nha Trang are first analysed with regard to their regional environment and their relations with the southern metropolis. The regional territorial configurations are very different : Can Tho lies in the Mekong delta, Da Lat is a mountain resort in the Central Highlands and Nha Trang is a coastal city on the South China Sea. Their regional functions are variable, depending also on their relationship with Ho Chi Minh-City. Next, the examination of their internal functioning reveals the dynamics currently transforming the urban space. These dynamics themselves are the expression of urban social change, marked by a social stratification process. Finally, the confrontation of these urban transformations with the urban management practices – concentrated essentially in the hands of a complicated and hierarchical administrative and political machine – and with the future urban visions, shows the differences of logics operating currently in these medium-sized cities. Even though the three presented case studies are hardly sufficient for a generalization extendable to all Vietnamese provincial cities, the comparison of the local situations in Can Tho, Da Lat and Nha Trang aims at clarifying the term of “medium-sized city” in the present Vietnamese context
Gremaud, Benoit. "Problème coulombien à trois corps en mécanique quantique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011786.
Zhao, Lei. "Solutions quasi-périodiques et solutions de quasi-collision du problème spatial des trois corps." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077166.
This thesis generalizes to the spatial three-body problem in the lunar case some studies about several familles of quasiperiodic motions in the planar circular restricted three-body problem and in the planar three-body problem. As discovered by Harrington, if we develop the perturbing function of the system averaged over the fast angles in the powers of the ratio of the semi major axes, then the truncation at the first non-trivial order is integrable. This is the quadrupolar system. In a classical article, Lidov and Ziglin studied the dynamics of this system. We start by proving the existence of some quasi periodic solutions of the spatial three-body problem by applying KAM theorems to this system. We then prove the existence of a family of quasi-periodic almost-collision solutions: These are solutions along which two bodies become arbitrarily close to one another but never collide: the lower limit of their distance is zero but the upper limit is strictly positive. After a change of time, these solutions are quasi-periodic in a regularized system. Such solutions were first discovered in the planar circular restricted three-body problem by Chenciner and Llibre, and afterwards, in the planar three-body problem by Féjoz. We show the existence of a positive measure of such solutions in the spatial three-body problem, which confirms rigorously a prediction of Marchai. The proof goes through the application of an equivariant KAM theorem to a regularization of the problem, here the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel regularization, and, as in Féjoz's work, it requires understanding the relation between the regularization and averaging
Hautin, Nathalie. "Gestion des polémiques: proposition d'une grille de lecture dynamique en trois phases des controverses médiatiques autour des risques nucléaires." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0005.
Hartz, Cécile. "Le Vieil-Évreux et les « grands sanctuaires » dans les cités des Trois Gaules : réflexions sur la dynamique de l'habitat." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010646.
The Vieil-Évreux site (Eure) shows an exceptional organisation : public buildings, which are grouped in the centre of the site, are surrounded by empty spaces covering a large area (190 ha), which are encircled by the settlement. Bacause of these specific features, the site can be compared to others complexes of the Tres Galliae – referred to by the expression “great sanctuary” – characterised by an association of momunements (at least a temple, a thearter and baths) ; these sites have been considered cut off from any dwellings for a long time. However, the recent discovery of residential quarters around the monuments calls into question the nature and the functions of these sites within the civitas. Based on the study of Vieil-Évreux and others “great sanctuaries”, this work aimed to characterise this settlement : it is distinguished by a notable expansion ; by the existence of numerous buildings showing forms and functions, interpreted as modest or rich dwellings ; by the existence of an important craft industry. This settlement appears after the Roman Conquest and expands from the end of the 1st to the 4th century. These results allow the interpretation of these sites as urban areas. These sites are located at a strategic place within the territory : this location explains, beyond the existence of a major civic sanctuary, the development of dwellings with several forms and functions. The importance of the temple within the civitas also explains the euergetic expenses shown by these sites, which are demonstrated, from the 2nd century, by the creation of monumental complexes around which the settlement extends, which give their original organisation to the sites
Li, Yaxin. "Trois essais sur l'économie numérique et la concurrence entre plateformes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2023. https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/49435/.
In Chapter 1, I develop a dynamic model where two data-driven platforms compete for users' attention. The quality of the service on each platform improves as more user data is available. At each period, platforms choose between current monetization through advertisement, or the accumulation of more user and therefore more data, in the future. Accordingly, I relate the market outcomes in equilibrium to platforms' initial market shares and data productivities. I show that market co-participation prevails when data productivities of both platforms are small. Market tipping is more likely to occur when one of the platforms has a large data productivity and enjoys a large initial market share. I also explore the effects of compulsory data sharing. Market tipping is less likely to occur with data sharing. Besides, data sharing by both platforms, or by the platform with a large advantage of data productivity increases consumers' surplus. In chapter 2, motivated by several examples, including Internet of Things patent licensing, we analyze a model where one or more complementary platforms choose prices for a group of downstream devices that exhibit network externalities. We show how prices depend on each device's Katz-Bonacich (or eigenvector) centrality in a network defined by the demand externalities, and how the relevant network differs for an ecosystem monopolist, a social planner, or a group of complementary platforms. For the latter case, we revisit Cournot's analysis of complementary monopolies and show that in our setting, it is possible for the total price of a particular device to decline when the number of monopoly platforms increases. Finally, we analyze a partial merger that leaves complementary monopolies on just one side of a platform, producing a novel tradeoff between internalizing double marginalization and externalizing network effects. Oevrall, this study offers a tractable model of multi-product ecosystems, and contributes to the two-sided market literature by analyzing complementary platforms in a general multi-sided market. In chapter 3, I study a strategic network game of search, where $M$ retailers sell a product with unknown quality in a competing market. Consumers in the network choose between search and free riding, and choose to adopt or not after search. Consumers trade off between search cost and information efficiency. The searchers acquire information about the quality and prices, while free riders update their believes by observing the adoption behavior of neighbors. In equilibrium, consumers' search strategy exhibits non-increasing threshold property: consumers with more neighbors are more likely to be free riders. I show that although there exist multiple equilibria, when search cost is small enough, there exists a unique interior BNE such that both searchers and free riders coexist in the market, and the prices are larger than marginal cost. I also investigate the impact of network structure on equilibrium outcomes. When the network is more connected, consumers engage in less search, the prices are higher, and the consumers' surplus is reduced
Archambeau, Grégory. "Etude de la dynamique autour des points de Lagrange." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422422.
Coudert, Laurent. "Dynamiques urbaines et sociales dans les quartiers péricentraux : l'exemple de trois métropoles régionales : Nantes, Bordeaux et Toulouse." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148134.
David, Viviane. "Compréhension et prédiction des effets des substances chimiques sur la dynamique de population de l'épinoche à trois épines en mésocosme." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0023.
In ecotoxicology, experiments in artificial ecosystems (mesocosms) are of a great interest because they allow to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of toxicants at different levels of biological organization such as individuals, populations and ecosystems. However, mesocosm experiments are characterized by a low statistical power and a high risk of not detecting differences between control (without contaminant) and contaminated mesocosms when there is one. In this context, individual-based models based on the dynamic energy budget theory have been suggested as relevant tools to improve the analysis of mesocosm experiment results. Thus, the objective of this phD was to develop an individual-based model simulating the three-spined stickleback population dynamics in artificial streams. The knowledge on the biological model used, the three-spined stickleback, as well as the use of several available datasets from mesocosm experiments with or without tested chemicals allowed us to develop this model. Our individual-based model was first developed, calibrated and evaluated on data from three-spined stickleback population dynamics in mesocosms in control conditions. In a second step, the model was applied to several case studies where different chemical substances were tested in mesocosms. Simulation results have shown that the individual-based modelling approach seems promising for improving current assessments of the effects of chemicals. Indeed, our model helped us to have a better understanding of the modes of action of toxicants and a relevant extrapolation of ecotoxicity data measured in the laboratory on organisms to the population level
Bacon, Christophe. "Mesure de la ténacité dynamique de matériaux fragiles en flexion trois points à haute température, utilisation des barres de Hopkinson." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10508.
Fras, François. "Étude de la dynamique de spin du trou dans les boîtes quantiques d'InAs/GaAs : pompage optique, relaxation, effets nucléaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839368.