Дисертації з теми "Dynamique des surfaces"
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Xie, Junyi. "Dynamique algébrique des applications rationnelles de surfaces." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01025412.
Tran, Ngoc diep. "Sur la dynamique des homéomorphismes de surfaces qui renversent l’orientation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD064.
We first prove that if h is an orientation reversing homeomorphism of the sphere S² without a 2-periodic orbit then the complementary domain of the fixed point set may be foliated with “Brouwer manifolds”. These are 1-dimensional submanifolds (topologically circles, lines or pairs of lines) allowing to define some invariant open sets on which h is conjugated to one of three simple possible models. So, this theorem is a foliated version of a resultat by Bonino asserting that S² \Fix(h) can be covered with Brouwer manifolds. It also appears as a natural counterpart for orientation reversing homeomorphisms of the Le Calvez’s foliated version of the Brouwer’s plane translation theorem. As an application of this foliation theorem, we next obtain the following result about the fixed point index of the iterates of an orientation reversing local homeomorphism h of R²: as soon as 0 is an isolated fixed point of each iterate hⁿ (n ⩾ 1), the Poincaré-Lefschetz indices Ind(h²ᵏ⁻¹,0) and Ind(h²ᵏ,0) do not depend on the integer k ⩾ 1
Redon, Claude. "Dynamique du mouillage et démouillage de surfaces modèles." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066303.
Noël, Jean-Marc. "Analyse dynamique de surfaces fonctionnelles par électrochimie localisée." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S161.
This manuscript presents the study of the charge transfer process on modified carbon surface using electrochemical methods, and particularly the electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The substrates were modified by the electrochemical reduction of aryldiazonium salts going to the grafting of polyaryl layers, and then followed by the immobilization of different systems to study. We first studied the mechanism of the charges transfers on the surfaces functionalized with redox systems. These studies have shown a relationship between the efficiency of the electronic transfer on the surface, and the proximity between the immobilized redox moieties. Then, we studied the derivation of polyaryl layers with silver nanoparticles and with a biological molecule named glutathione. The immobilization of these non-redox systems confers new properties to the surface; the changes actually occurred in the kinetics of charge transfers. The experiments performed in different solvents have shown an influence on these processes. Finally, we have studied the reactivity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) versus the polyaryl or glutathione modified surfaces. ROS are generated by reducing the oxygen on the surface of the microelectrode by SECM method. It was shown that the reactivity of ROS depends on the nature of the microelectrode (Platinum, Gold). The oxygen reduction on a platinum microelectrode leads to a destructive micropatterning of the organic layer. An erasable micropatterning was performed using a gold microelectrode and the antioxidant properties of glutathione
Moncet, Arnaud. "Géométrie et dynamique sur les surfaces algébriques réelles." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6cd607e0-4a4e-4328-bf36-674a3bb9f4b8.
This thesis deals with automorphisms of real algebraic surfaces, which are polynomial transformations with a polynomial inverse. The main concern is whether their restriction to the real locus reflects all the richness of the complex dynamics. This question is declined in two directions: the topological entropy and the Fatou set. For the first one, we introduce a purely geometric quantity depending only on the surface, and we call it concordance. Then we show that the ratio of real and complex entropies is linked to this quantity. The concordance is explicitely computed for many examples of surfaces, especially abelian surfaces which are broadly studied, as well assome K3 surfaces. In the second part, we are interested in the Fatou set, which corresponds to complex points for which the dynamics is simple. Thanks to previous results of Dinh and Sibony about closed positive currents, we prove that this set is hyperbolic in the sense of Kobayashi, after possibly deleting some curves which are fixed by (an iterate of) our transformation. From this property we deduce that, except for some exceptional cases in which the topology of the real locus is simple and the dynamics well understood, this real locus cannot be entirely contained in the Fatou set. Thus the complexity of the dynamics is observable on real points in most cases
Moncet, Arnaud. "Géométrie et dynamique sur les surfaces algébriques réelles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724509.
MANN, ELIZABETH K. "Films de pdms aux surfaces aqueuses : texture et dynamique." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066238.
Gillet, Frédéric. "Dynamique non linéaire de surfaces vicinales hors de l'équilibre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10204.
Leroy, Frédéric. "Dynamique hors-équilibre : Quelques exemples en physique des surfaces." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958344.
Marinica, Mihai-Cosmin. "Dynamique vibrationelle des surfaces à marches nues et avec adsorbats." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112261.
The stepped vicinal surfaces, corresponding to a small cut angle relative to a crystallographic plane, consist of ordered arrays of atomic steps separated by terraces. For real stepped surfaces, these steps and other structural defects are often found to be preferred sites for nucleation and crystal growth as well as for adsorption of atoms and molecules and can correspond to sites of chemical activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Using theoretical methods, in this thesis I studied the vibrational properties of bare and covered by molecular adsorbates vicinal surfaces. The observables of the system are extracted as an average of their evolution in time. The method used to study this time evolution of the system is the molecular dynamics coupled either to semi-empirical potentials or to those calculated using tight binding approach. The main advantage of the molecular dynamics method is its ability to calculate accurately, including the anharmonic corrections, the evolution with temperature of system properties. The capability of this method to describe the temperature dependence of observables for copper bulk, flat and vicinal Cu(211), Cu(511), Cu(331) and Cu(532) surfaces together with that of an adsorbed copper atom is proved in this thesis. The adsorption of CO molecule, coupled to an atomistic phonon bath of Cu(211) surface, is studied at low and moderately high coverages. Moreover, the adsorption takes into account the geometrical modulation of the surface, the phonon spectra are in agreement with experiment, particularly at low energy, and finally at high temperature the anharmonicity plays a significant role. Also the presence of a copper ad-atom on stepped surfaces shows an additional feature at high energy edge above the bulk cut-off, frequence that could correspond to features found in the experiment for certain stepped surfaces
Palesi, Frédéric. "Dynamique sur les espaces de représentations de surfaces non-orientables." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10317.
We consider the space of representations Hom(Pi,G) of a surface group Pi into a Lie group G, and the moduli space X(Pi,G) of G-conjugacy classes of such representations. These spaces admit a natural action of the mapping class group of the underlying surface S, and this actions displays very rich dynamics depending on the choice of the Lie group G, and on the connected component of the space that we consider. In this thesis, we focus on the case when S is a non-orientable surface. In the rst part, we study the dynamical properties of the mapping class group actions on the moduli space X(Pi,SU(2)) and prove that this action is ergodic when the Euler characteristic of the surface is less than -1 with respect to a natural measure on the space. In the second part, we show that the representation space Hom (Pi , PSL(2,R)) has two connected components indexed by a Stiefel-Whitney class
Palesi, Frédéric. "Dynamique sur les espaces de représentations de surfaces non-orientables." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443930.
Rosalie, Martin. "Lois de composition de surfaces branchées pour la description d'attracteurs chaotiques bornés par des tores de genre élevé." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES059.
In this Ph. D. Thesis, we characterize the ropology of chaotic attractors solution to set of differential equations. The first part is devoted to a systematic procedure to construct template for describing the topology of chaotic attractors bounded by torus with a genus-one or higher-genus, in the case wher the holes are aligned ; this procedure is valid for attractor with symmetry properties or not. We thus constructed reduced templates of many chaotic attractors : template is thus made of at least one mixer defined by a linking matrix. In particular, when the bounding torus has a genus greater than one, direct templates can be viewed as a series of mixers and linkers associated with global torsion allowing t clearly evidencing symmetry properties of attractors. The second part of this Ph. D. Thesis is devoted to the algebraic manipulation of linking matrices describing mixers as well as linkers. We thus defined the concatenation of a global torsion with a mixer (additive law) and the concatenation of two mixers (multiplicative law). Using these laws for combining mixers and linkers, we showed that many reduced - topologically equivalent - templates can describe a single attractor. We then defined the notion of an elementary mechanism for closed mixers. By concatenating elementary mixers, we conjectured that it was possible to obtain all elementary mechanisms by recurrence and concatenation. This list of elementary mixers depending on the number of branches could be a basis of required knowledge to describe and compare template of attractors bounded by genus-1 torus withoutt any tearing
BESSONNEAU, JEAN SEBASTIEN. "Etude dynamique de surfaces reticulees souples et immergees (applications aux chaluts)." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT2056.
Breton, Sylvain. "Dynamique des surfaces planétaires actives : quantification des paysages, modélisation et inversion." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1280.
Impact crater are often used in the study of planetary surfaces. On the one hand, statistics on crater number provide the age of the surface, on the other hand, their shapes reflect the surface processes they witnessed. This study combines the statistic and morphology approaches in order to investigate the timing and intensity of sedimentary and volcanic processes of planetary surfaces. The use of crater depth measurements add a dimension to frequency distributions with the introduction of size and depth frequency distribution (SDFD). SDFSs can be interpreted in term of crater obliteration rates thanks to crater chronology models. We also developed models of crater population taking into account obliteration. Mars surface is highly cratered with many craters displaying signs of modifications by volcanic process, sedimentation and erosion. We interpreted SDFDs using a classic crater chronology system, to produce global maps of obliteration at different epochs of Mars. During Noachian, obliteration rates reach several thousands m/Gy, but rapidly decrease during early Hesperian and are close to 0 during Amazonian. Obliteration on the province of Tharsis decreased slower, suggesting a persistence of volcanic activity until early Amazonian. Northern lowlands witness Amazonian obliteration rates one order of magnitude higher than the rest of the planet, which may indicate the continuous formation of Vastitas Borealis during middle Amazonian. In addition to our global approach, we computed recent obliteration rates from mapping of high resolution images on landing sites of rover missions. Mawrth Vallis and Oxia Planum present significant obliteration rates, especially on units containing hydrated minerals
Rarivomanantsoa, Michaël. "Surfaces de verres à base de silice par dynamique moléculaire classique." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20123.
Blachon, Florence. "Membranes lipidiques supportées sur surfaces rugueuses : structure, dynamique et perspectives tribologiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1339/document.
In vivo lipid membranes interact with rough supramolecular structures such as protein clusters and fibrils However, this issue is not very developped in the state of art, while surface topology which interact with these molecules affects their properties. In this project, effects of rough surface on supported lipid bilayer (BLS) are investigated.First, lipid mobility are studied with the FRAPP method (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching). BLS are deposited on rough supports which are characterized by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy).Then, BLS structure on our rough surfaces are investigated by Neutron Reflectivity.Finally, first results on tribological properties of our systems are introduced
Gaboriau, Damien. "Dynamique des systèmes d'isométries et actions de groupes sur les arbres réels." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30099.
Bavard, Juliette. "Dynamique topologique sur les surfaces : gros groupe modulaire & classes de Brouwer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066514/document.
We study the mapping class group G of the complement of a Cantor set in the plane and the Brouwer mapping classes of the mapping class group of the complement of Z in the plane. These objects arise naturally in topological dynamics on surfaces. In the first chapter, we study the group G and its action on the ray graph, which is the analog dened by Danny Calegari of the complex of curves for the complement of a Cantor set in the plane. In particular, we show that this graph has infinite diameter and is hyperbolic. We use the action of G on this graph to find an explicit non trivial quasimorphism on G and to show that this group has infinite dimensional second bounded cohomology. We give an example of a hyperbolic element of G with vanishing stable commutator length. In the second chapter, we give new tools for homotopy Brouwer theory. In particular, we describe a canonical reducing set, the set of "walls", which splits the plane into maximal translation areas and irreducible areas. We then focus on Brouwer mapping classes relatively to four orbits and describe them explicitly by adding to Handel's diagram and to the set of walls a "tangle", which is essentially an isotopy class of simple closed curves in the cylinder minus two points
Mondon, Pascal. "Etude de structures filamentaires par mouillage capillaire dynamique." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-206.pdf.
Ibargüen, becerra César. "Effet des forces de van der Waals sur la dynamique de l'azote et de l'hydrogène en interaction avec la surface de W(100)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0261.
An important part of scientific literature is devoted to the heterogeneous elementary processes occurring at gas-solid interface due to their great importance and key role in many different domains and applications. Thus, interaction of gas atoms/molecules with surface reactions are of primary importance in the study of: heterogeneous catalysis, combustion of solid fuel and coal gasification, processes of corrosion, hydrogen storage in solid material, automotive and oil industry, plasma-wall interactions in the context of thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), atmospheric re-entries technologies and astrochemistry, to name some examples. When an atom or molecule impinges on a surface many different elementary processes can take place, which depends on factors such as: the collision energy of the projectile, the angle of incidence to the surface, the surface temperature, the initial state of the molecules, the transference of energy projectiles-surface, etc. All these factors determines the mechanisms of reaction and the dynamics of the processes. Experimental molecular beams (MB) and other experimental techniques are able to accurately control the initial state of the reactive and characterizing products of gas-surface reactions. However, in most of the case experimental techniques do not provide enough details about the mechanisms through which elementary processes occur. Consequently, theoretical models becomes essential to rationalize the description that in certain cases the experiments do not reach.The main goal of this thesis work is to propose an analyze of the dynamics of several elementary processes occurring on a W(100) surface, such as: the inelastic scattering of N2 and H2, the dissociative and non-dissociative adsorption of of H2 and the adsorption and absorption of H and N. Compared to previous studies, the novelty of this work resides in the taking into account of van der Waals long-distance interactions, which are essential to reach a good agreement between theoretical and experiment results, especially at low collision energy regime. To rationalize the non-adiabatic effects, the energy dissipation to lattice vibrations and electronic excitation are taken in to account by means of GLO and LDFA models respectively
Garcia, Léo. "Étude rhéologique des électrolytes confinés en appareil à forces de surfaces dynamique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY043/document.
This thesis presents an experimental study of rheological properties of confined electrolytes and mechanics of electric double layer.In order to study simultaneously equilibrium and transport of confined electrolytes nearby charged surfaces, we developed a dynamic surface force apparatus. This technique enables both steady state measurements, as provided by common surface forces apparatus, and dynamic measurements that allow characterizing the transport phenomenona.First, we showed the existence of an over-dissipative behavior of weak electrolytes compared to a classical newtonian fluid. Furthermore we highlighted a frequency dependence of the EDL elastic behavior. Alongside, a theoretical approach completes and explains partially the experimental observations.Finally we studied the dynamics of ionic liquid, a type of concentrated electrolytes. We looked at the influence of a huge electric field, applied perpendicularly to the surfaces, on the viscosity and the properties of the liquid nearby the surfaces, as found in super-capacitors
Cottin-Bizonne, Cécile. "Hydrodynamique à l'interface solide-liquide : étude par mesures de forces de surfaces et simulations de dynamique moléculaire." Lyon 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135329.
Leroy, Samuel. "Les forces de surface dynamiques pour l'investigation mécanique des surfaces molles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610528.
Ben, Hadj Hamouda Ajmi. "Morphologie et stabilité des surfaces cristallines nanostructurées, dynamique des instabilités: Théorie et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921422.
Toubin, Céline. "Etude par dynamique moléculaire de l'adsorption de polluants sur des surfaces de glace." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2008.
Martin, Pascal. "Etude par AFM dynamique d'ADN sur des surfaces et des nanostructures chimiquement modifiées." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12876.
Ben, Hadj Hamouda Ajmi. "Morphologie et stabilité des surfaces cristallines nanastructurées, dynamique des instabilités : théorie et modélisation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21750.
Delecroix, Vincent. "Combinatoire et dynamique du flot de Teichmüller." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653165.
Bacle, Pauline. "Organisation et dynamique d'espèces chargées au voisinage de surfaces solides par modélisation de l'échelle atomique à l'échelle micrométrique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066233/document.
The presence of solid surfaces can modify the organization and the dynamics of charged species in solution with potential applications from the transport of polluants to formation of the firt biopolymers. We study charged systems with increasing complexity in the vicinity of a clay surface by numerical methods. The level of description should be adapted according to the relevant properties while limiting calculation times. Modeling the transport of ions in a clay sample requires to describe its complex structure but also the interactions between the mobile particles considered as punctual and the solid walls. We propose a mesoscopic model composed of a two-media system in which the displacement of the ions obtained by Brownian dynamics is conditioned by the localization of the diffusing species whith the diffusion coefficients being extracted from atomic simulations of molecular dynamics. For non-punctual species such as polyelectrolytes, the system can be simplified by constructing a coarse-grained model that allows to gain access to time scales adapted to diffusion phenomenon thanks to Langevin dynamics simulations. Two cases are considered, with an explicit or non-explicit description of the counter-ions, and the parameters are calibrated on atomic simulations. However, for complex charged molecules such as nucleotides, an atomic description is necessary to take into account the specific interactions emerging from the local structure of the molecule. Then, metadynamics simulations give quantities related to "rare" phenomena such as the adsorption of molecules on the surface of clay
Keiser, Armelle. "Dynamiques sur des surfaces texturées et imprégnées." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS601.
This thesis aims at characterizing drops, bubbles and thin films dynamics on biomimetic textured surfaces, impregnated with oil (known as LIS in the literature). When an aqueous liquid is deposited on such surfaces, the four phases at stake (oil, air, textures and deposited liquid) generate multiple interfaces, playing a crucial role in the various dynamics observed. The viscous friction opposing the motion of a drop on an inclined LIS at low capillary numbers is studied as a function of the oil/drop viscosity ratio. The results revealed the crucial role of the microscopic oil meniscus surrounding the foot of the drop. Then, two experiments focusing on the dynamics of a receding contact lines are studied: the dewetting of a thin aqueous film and the pearling instability. In both cases, the qualitative behavior is similar to the one reported in the literature on conventional solid surfaces. However, a deeper study reveals that the presence of oil changes quantitatively the dynamics. The flow in both the aqueous and the oil phases must then be taken into account simultaneously. The results obtained in this work highlight the originality of those surfaces, and shed new light on the very peculiar role of the oil meniscus surrounding the contact lines
Girard, Fabien. "Etude numérique de la dynamique d'évaporation d'une goutte sessile sur un substrat chauffant." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30047.
The understanding of evaporating sessile droplet dynamics on a heating substrate is still an open question although many applications are related to this problem like in paintings or nuclear industries. Due to the complexity of the phenomena involved in such a system we developed a numerical code allowing us to simulate the evaporation dynamics of pure Newtonian fluids. Heat and matter exchanges are fully described in both the fluid of the droplet and in the surrounding air with basic hydro dynamical models. This makes possible to demonstrate the non linear character of the droplet volume evolution as time goes on. The study of the fluid flows inside the droplet shows convective phenomena that are due to the shear generated by thermal Marangoni stress at its liquid/gas interface. The rotation direction of the convective cells is shown to depend on the heating substrate size whereas their characteristic velocity is determined by temperature gradients between droplet and far field
Leseigneur, Yann. "Dynamique de la poussière martienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP077.
Martian dust, omnipresent on Mars (surface and atmosphere) and composed of micrometer-size mineral particles, is a fundamental component of the Martian atmosphere, notably modifying the local thermal balance and therefore atmospheric circulation. This dust, raised from the surface and injected into the atmosphere by identified mechanisms such as saltation or convective eddies (dust devils), of which the intensity and importance are not yet well assessed, is highly mobile, forming dust storms on a local (< 2000 km), regional (> 2000 km) and, in rare cases, planetary scale. Studies of atmospheric dust have been carried out since the late 1960s using orbital data, in particular imagery to track the evolution of dust storms, but also thermal infrared spectroscopy to compute dust optical at 9.3 µm (silicate absorption band), and since the late 1990s from the surface using near-infrared dust optical depth measurements. The dust also moves across the surface, and some of these movements share common features with the Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL), seasonal and recurrent dark linear movements observed on steep slopes. RSL have occupied a special place since their discovery in the early 2010s, as they were initially associated with liquid water flows. Dry processes are now favoured, some of which involve dust.The first part of this thesis focuses on the study of atmospheric dust on a global scale using data from the OMEGA near-infrared imaging spectrometer on board Mars Express (ESA). An automated method for detecting atmospheric dust was developed during this PhD, based on the decrease in the absorption band of gaseous carbon dioxide at 2 µm, caused by the presence of dust in the atmosphere. This presence indicator was then converted into a dust optical at 0.9 µm using direct near-infrared measurements from the surface taken by the Mars Exploration Rovers (NASA) during co-observations with OMEGA. Using this method, global seasonal maps of dust optical depth and spatio-temporal diagrams were constructed from more than three years of OMEGA data (2004-2010). A search for precursors of the 2007 global storm (MY 28) was carried out, as well as a study of the spatial and temporal variation in the mean size of dust particles, based on a comparison with thermal data at 9.3 μm.The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of surface movements called RSL and their link with dust. A first spatio-temporal correlation was found between the annual activity of an RSL region in the northern hemisphere and the activity of atmospheric dust (via dust optical depth computed from OMEGA data), as well as at certain sites in the southern hemisphere. A more in-depth study of a site in the southern hemisphere, Hale crater, was carried out by re-analysing the site's high-resolution images of HiRISE/MRO (NASA) camera with a dust raising/deposition a priori to explain what is observed. This new characterisation of RSL activity at Hale was then compared with local measurements of dust optical depth, making it possible to develop a model of RSL formation from this site, mixing dry dust avalanche-type lengthenings and more gradual lengthenings possibly (re)activated by winds
Girard, Séverine. "Simulations moléculaires dynamiques de surfaces de polymère amorphe : cas de la cellulose." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS003.
Surface properties of polymeric materials have many industrial applications, such as in the field of adhesives and composites. A better understanding of the chain conformations at interfaces could lead to improved properties. However, it is still difficult to characterise polymer surfaces at the molecular level. Numerical simulations are, therfore, a useful complement to experiments as they allow a detailed examination of polymer structure at the atomistic scale. Nevertheless, such simulations remain for the moment computationally very demanding and the time and length scales associated with the relaxation of polymers are difficult to access. We propose here, thus, a dual-scale approach. A treatmant at the mesocopic level, where the elementary particle corresponds to an entire repeat unit, is necessary in order to relax the chains. Then, back-mappingallows for a finer analysis of the chain structure. This dual-scale method was tested for amorphous cellulose on periodic systmes and films of up to 300 Å width. At the mesoscopic level, the surface tension and the pesistence length calculated for amorphous cellulose are in agreement with the available experimental data. After back-mapping the atomistic model predicts a subtle change in the hydrogen bonding pattern near the surface
Xie, Junyi. "Algebraic dynamics of rational self-maps on surfaces." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/01/02/54/12/PDF/phd20140412.pdf.
This thesis contains three parts. The first one is devoted to the study of the set of periodic points for birational surface maps. We prove that any birational transformation of a smooth projective surface whose degree growth is exponential admits a Zariski-dense set of periodic orbits. In the second part, we prove the dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture for all polynomial birational transformations of the affine plane defined over a field of characteristic zero. Our approach gives a new proof of this conjecture for polynomial automorphisms of the affine plane. The last part is concerned with a problem in affine geometry that was inspired by the generalization to any polynomial map of the dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture. Given any finite set S of valuations that are defined on the polynomial ring k[x,y] over an algebraically closed field k, trivial on k, we give a necessary and sufficient condition so that the field of fractions of the intersection of the valuation rings of S with k[x,y] has transcendence degree 2 over k
Qiu, Chunjing. "Modélisation de la dynamique du carbone et des surfaces dans les tourbières du nord." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV022.
Northern peatlands play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle as a long-term CO2 sink and the one of the largest natural methane (CH4) sources. Meanwhile, these substantial carbon stores will be exposed in the future to large warming and wetter conditions that characterize climate change in the high latitudes and, because of the large amount of C stored in northern peatlands, their fate is of concern. In this thesis, I integrated a representation of peatlands water and carbon cycling into the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model (LSM), with the aim to improve the understanding of peatland C and area dynamics since the Holocene, to explore effects of projected climate change to northern peatlands, and to quantify the role of northern peatlands in the global C cycle.Firstly (Chapter 2), I implemented peatland as an independent sub-grid hydrological soil unit (HSU) which receives runoff from surrounding non-peatland HSUs in each grid cell and has no bottom drainage, following the concept of Largeron et al. (2018). To model vertical water fluxes of peatland and non-peatland soils, I represented peat-specific hydrological parameters for the peatland HSU while in other HSUs the hydrological parameters are determined by the dominant soil texture of the grid cell. I chose a diplotelmic model to simulate peat C decomposition and accumulation. This two-layered model includes an upper layer (acrotelm) that is variably inundated and a lower layer (catotelm) that is permanently inundated. This model showed good performance in simulating peatland hydrology, C and energy fluxes at 30 northern peatland sites on daily to annual time scales. But the over simplification of the C dynamics may limit its capacity to predict northern peatland response to future climate change.Secondly (Chapter 3), I replaced the diplotelmic peat carbon model with a multi-layered model to account for vertical heterogeneities in temperature and moisture along the peat profile. I then adapted the cost-efficient version of TOPMODEL and peatland establishment criteria from Stocker et al. (2014) to simulate the dynamics of peatland area within a grid cell. Here the flooded area given by TOPMODEL is crossed with suitable peat growing conditions to set the area that is occupied by a peat HSU. This model was tested across a range of northern peatland sites and for gridded simulations over the Northern Hemisphere (>30 °N). Simulated total northern peatlands area and C stock by 2010 is 3.9 million km2 and 463 PgC, fall well within observation-based reported range of northern peatlands area (3.4 – 4.0 million km2) and C stock (270 – 540 PgC).Lastly (Chapter 4), with the multi-layered model, I conducted factorial simulations using representative concentration pathway (RCP)-driven bias-corrected past and future climate data from two general circulation models (GCMs) to explore responses of northern peatlands to climate change. The impacts of peatlands on future C balance of the Northern Hemisphere were discussed, including the direct response of the C balance of the (simulated) extant peatland area, and indirect effects of peatlands on the terrestrial C balance when peatlands area change in the future.Future work will focus on including influences of land use change and fires on peatland into the model, given that substantial losses of C could occur due to these disturbances. To have a complete picture of peatland C balance, CH4 and dissolved organic C (DOC) losses must be considered
Qiu, Chunjing. "Modélisation de la dynamique du carbone et des surfaces dans les tourbières du nord." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV022.
Northern peatlands play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle as a long-term CO2 sink and the one of the largest natural methane (CH4) sources. Meanwhile, these substantial carbon stores will be exposed in the future to large warming and wetter conditions that characterize climate change in the high latitudes and, because of the large amount of C stored in northern peatlands, their fate is of concern. In this thesis, I integrated a representation of peatlands water and carbon cycling into the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model (LSM), with the aim to improve the understanding of peatland C and area dynamics since the Holocene, to explore effects of projected climate change to northern peatlands, and to quantify the role of northern peatlands in the global C cycle.Firstly (Chapter 2), I implemented peatland as an independent sub-grid hydrological soil unit (HSU) which receives runoff from surrounding non-peatland HSUs in each grid cell and has no bottom drainage, following the concept of Largeron et al. (2018). To model vertical water fluxes of peatland and non-peatland soils, I represented peat-specific hydrological parameters for the peatland HSU while in other HSUs the hydrological parameters are determined by the dominant soil texture of the grid cell. I chose a diplotelmic model to simulate peat C decomposition and accumulation. This two-layered model includes an upper layer (acrotelm) that is variably inundated and a lower layer (catotelm) that is permanently inundated. This model showed good performance in simulating peatland hydrology, C and energy fluxes at 30 northern peatland sites on daily to annual time scales. But the over simplification of the C dynamics may limit its capacity to predict northern peatland response to future climate change.Secondly (Chapter 3), I replaced the diplotelmic peat carbon model with a multi-layered model to account for vertical heterogeneities in temperature and moisture along the peat profile. I then adapted the cost-efficient version of TOPMODEL and peatland establishment criteria from Stocker et al. (2014) to simulate the dynamics of peatland area within a grid cell. Here the flooded area given by TOPMODEL is crossed with suitable peat growing conditions to set the area that is occupied by a peat HSU. This model was tested across a range of northern peatland sites and for gridded simulations over the Northern Hemisphere (>30 °N). Simulated total northern peatlands area and C stock by 2010 is 3.9 million km2 and 463 PgC, fall well within observation-based reported range of northern peatlands area (3.4 – 4.0 million km2) and C stock (270 – 540 PgC).Lastly (Chapter 4), with the multi-layered model, I conducted factorial simulations using representative concentration pathway (RCP)-driven bias-corrected past and future climate data from two general circulation models (GCMs) to explore responses of northern peatlands to climate change. The impacts of peatlands on future C balance of the Northern Hemisphere were discussed, including the direct response of the C balance of the (simulated) extant peatland area, and indirect effects of peatlands on the terrestrial C balance when peatlands area change in the future.Future work will focus on including influences of land use change and fires on peatland into the model, given that substantial losses of C could occur due to these disturbances. To have a complete picture of peatland C balance, CH4 and dissolved organic C (DOC) losses must be considered
Emerard, Jean-Daniel. "Utilisation de gouttelettes d’émulsion pour l’étude de l’adhésion spécifique entre deux surfaces fluides." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066415.
Costin, Alin Caciu. "Analyse et optimisation des surfaces des chemises de moteurs thermiques." Paris, ENMP, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002512.
Nowadays, the improvement of the efficiency of the combustion engines in the automotive field is the main key towards greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. The performance of a combustion engine is tightly related to the friction between the cylinder liner and the piston ring. It is believed that this friction can be significantly reduced by optimisating the surface topography of the cylinder. Traditionally, deterministic models or expensive experimental tests are used to solve these issues. We study here a numerical optimisation approach of this surface, the main purpose being the friction loss reduction, and without prejudice to oil consumption. This approach consists in four numerical tools : surface analysis, texture simulation, friction prediction and texture optimisation
Naud, Frédéric. "Dynamique sur des ensembles de Cantor et propriétés analytiques de fonctions zêta." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12715.
Motivated by the links between the analytic properties of dynamical zeta functions and the resonances of the Laplace operator for non-compact problems, we study two classes of zeta functions related to the geodesic flow (whose dynamics are axiom A) on some infinite volume manifolds where the non-wandering set is of Cantor type. In the first case (open billiards), we show tha for generic obstacles, the corresponding zeta function has an analytic continuation to a polynomially decreasing neighborhood of the line of absolute ocnergence. In the second case (hyperbolic convex co-compact surfaces), we show, for the Selberg zeta function, the existence of a zero free strip on the feft of the line of absolute convergence. This résult implies an exponential error term for the prime orbit theorem of the geodesic flow
Janowski, Marianne. "Dynamique et origine de la topographie tardi-orogénique du domaine bétique (Espagne)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066571/document.
Competing between internal and external processes controls the evolution of continental surfaces at geological time scale. The topography and associated drainage network of the Betics are transient (summit surfaces, knickpoints) implying that the erosional response of the geomorphic system hasn’t counterbalanced the last stages of uplift yet. Exhumation history of the internal zones shows a major planation event near sea level between ~ 18 and 7 Ma. Some of these surfaces are preserved from erosion at the summit of several sierras. Rivers in the eastern sierras show relatively mature incision pattern initiated since the Late Miocene inversion. At the regional scale the drainage network shows a more recent uplift related to dynamic topography. Post-Tortonian shortening in the Internal Zones is low (~5 km) whereas E-W tearing of the Iberian lithosphere since the Late Miocene has led to an important mantle support of the eastern topography. To the west, Iberian lithosphere is pulled by the slab and the mean topography above is deflected. These deep processes are responsible for an important non-isostatic component of the Betics topography. The tear geometry of the lithosphere beneath the Betics can explain the instability of the main divide (Atlantic/Mediterranean). Rejuvenation of the relief and the dynamic reorganization of the rivers suggest a brief and recent uplift (few Ma) related to a discontinuous tearing of the lithosphere
Nave, Sven. "Dynamique quantique des collisions atome-adsorbat ; molécule-surface." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-101-102.pdf.
La seconde partie de la thèse concerne l'étude des dissociations activées de H2 et D2 avec Cu(lll), où le terme "activée" signifie qu'une barrière de potentiel doit être franchie afin de dissocier la molécule. Une approche de paquet d'ondes quantiques traitant explicitement les six degrés de liberté de la molécule, est utilisée. La validité de deux surfaces d'énergie potentielle a été testée, Ces surfaces sont basées sur une forme LEPS (London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato) interpolant des résultats de calculs de fonctionnelle de la densité. Les calculs de l'adsorption dissociative et de l'excitation ou la désexcitation ro-vibrationnelle des molécules diffusées, sont analysés et comparés avec les expériences, en fonction du modèle d'interaction, de l'état vibrationnel initial de la molécule et de son espèce isotopique. Les surfaces de potentiel testées mènent à des résultats bien différents, par exemple en ce qui concerne les seuils de dissociation en fonction de l'énergie d'incidence, ou pour l'efficacité de la conversion d'énergie vibrationnelle en énergie translationnelle afin de surmonter la barrière à la dissociation, Aucune n'est satisfaisante pour reproduire l'ensemble des distributions expérimentales. Cependant, les deux surfaces de potentiel sont en bon accord pour donner des courbes de dissociation pour D2 et H2, initialement dans leur état fondamental, séparées d'environ 0. 07 eV en fonction de l'énergie d'incidence. Ce résultat semble très raisonnable physiquement, puisque le décalage de 0. 07 eV correspond aussi à la différence des énergies de point zéro de D2 et H2. Ce point confirme une grande incertitude dans l'extraction de certains des paramètres utilisés pour interpoler les mesures expérimentales, du fait que le décalage expérimental est de 0. 11 ou 0. 15 eV selon les jeux de paramètres
Curtillet, Jean-Christophe. "Géodésiques sur des surfaces plates à singularités coniques ; une fonction zéta pour des automorphismes de groupes libres." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13025.
Ondarçuhu, Thierry. "Phenomenes de mouillage sur surfaces heterogenes et dynamique de relaxation de la ligne de contact." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066599.
DREUIL, SERGE. "Etude de la dynamique de neutralisation d'ions multicharges lents sur des surfaces metalliques et isolantes." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066595.
Ayouz, Mehdi Adrien. "Étude théorique de la dynamique de systèmes quantiques à petit nombre de corps : structure et dynamique de formation de la molécule H3¯ dans l'espace." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112361.
The H3¯ molecule, considered as the simplest negative triatomic molecular ion, is a benchmark system because it allows testing theoretical and numerical methods due to its weak particle mass, prior to be applied to heavier species. To study this molecule and describe its dynamics, we have determined the ground potential energy and permanent dipole moment surfaces. Using the potential energy surface we established the structure of this molecule and its isotopologues. We have developed a theory of radiative association (RA) of H2 + H¯ → H3¯ + hbar ω which could occur in cold and dense interstellar medium (ISM). The obtained permanent dipole moment surface allows us to calculate the formation rate of this molecule in this medium. It appears that the formation is possible for H¯ and para H2 collisions. An eventual observation of H3¯ would be a proof for the presence of H¯ in the interstellar medium. This ion is known to play a role in ISM chemistry especially in the formation process of negative ions. Finally a methodological and numerical developments have been also carried out in order to describe the dynamics of H3¯ in collectives coordinates and compute cross sections for exchange nuclei in its isotopologues
Tauk, Lara. "Formation hiérarchique de gradients (bio)fonctionnels fondés sur des monocouches auto-assemblées stimulables par le pH." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6203.
In this work we show that dynamic covalent chemistry can be used to functionalize surfaces in such a way that their interfacial properties can be controllably varied in space and time. As a proof of principle and in order to illustrate the potential of this technique we have developed DynaSAMs which enable the hierarchical construction of mixed gradients that are comprised of either small functional molecules or proteins. This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first one concerns the design, synthesis and characterization of our target molecules. The second one described surface’s functionalization with these molecules as well as their dynamic exchange in space and time. The synthetic aspect consists in functionalizing cyanines type dyes by different amines as recognition groups having different pKa. These molecules can then be grafted onto an aldehyde functionalized surface using reversible imines bonds. The possibility to obtain many types of fluorescent gradients by pH modulation allowed us to establish a proof of principle for the new approach. The generality of this technique was illustrated by the elaboration of wettability gradients from a mixture of amines bearing hydrophobic and hydrophilic entities and especially, by the formation of biomaterials which are composed of avidine and streptavidine proteins gradients. The DynaSAMs approach opens up an interesting research framework related to the design of new responsive interfacial systems that can adapt their constituents to external parameters
Besnard, Gilles. "Caractérisation et quantification de surfaces par stéréocorrélation pour des essais mécaniques du quasi statique à la dynamique ultra-rapide." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579260.
Fallacara, Erika. "Quantum and anharmonic effects in hydrogen-bonded crystals, surfaces and biological systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS456.pdf.
Hydrogen bonds are weak intermolecular interactions that can modify the chemical environment of atomic nuclei and contribute to the anharmonicity of the potential energy surfaces. Furthermore, they involve the hydrogen atom, which, even at ambient conditions, can manifest non negligible quantum properties due to its small mass. Both the chemical structure and the dynamics of hydrogen-bonded systems are influenced by the anharmonicity and the quantum nature of the nuclei. In this thesis we investigate different molecular systems containing hydrogen bonds by describing the nuclei by approximated quantum methods that overcome the classical and harmonic pictures. The first system investigated is a phase transition in the solid state. Crystalline potassium hydroxide is characterized by the presence of weak hydrogen bonds and undergoes an order-disorder phase transition. The same transition happens in the deuterated crystal but the Curie temperature shifts up about 24 K due to the different proton and deuteron delocalization. Furthermore, a geometric H/D isotope effect characterizes the hydrogen bonds and it relates to the structural properties of the system. The second study is about the adsorption of an organic molecule on an oxide surface. Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid and a promising hydrogen carrier material. Its adsorption on the TiO2 anatase (101) surface presents competing adsorption configurations that are still debated. The molecular monodentate type of adsorption is characterized by the presence of a strong hydrogen bond, that stabilizes the molecule-surface interaction and make the proton shuttle between its stable position on the formic acid molecule and the surface. The third study is about a complex biomolecular system. A crucial example of the importance of hydrogen bonds in biological systems is the pairing of nucleobases in DNA, where the hydrogen bonds contribute to the stability of the DNA double helix. The Watson and Crick conformation of guanine and cytosine dimer presents three hydrogen bonds. The proton delocalization is relevant even at 300 K in the gas-phase dimer. Simulated vibrational spectra were obtained
Lewandowski, Fan Yan. "Etude de solutions de polymère de masse élevée : rhéologie et dynamique de mouillage." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0321.