Дисертації з теми "Dynamique des pièges"
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Marciante, Mathieu. "Dynamique d'ions en pièges radiofréquences." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10040/document.
Повний текст джерелаRadio-frequency (rf) traps allows one to confine charged particles (atoms or molecules) in a small region of space. These traps, with laser cooling technics, allows one to study and to control matter at the atomic level.In this thesis are shown different results obtained by numerical simulations using molecular dynamics technics. This thesis is formed of four parts. A first part introduce the necessary knowledge to comprehend the ion dynamics in rf traps. The second part present the results from a study on the influence of coulomb coupling on the doppler cooling of trapped ions in a linear quadrupole rf trap. The third part is a study of the properties of ring structures of ions, obtained for low temperatures in linear higher order rf traps. A last part of the thesis is a proposal allowing one to obtain additional rf field-free regions in linear higher order rf traps
Marciante, Mathieu. "Dynamique d'ions en pièges radio-fréquences." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641606.
Повний текст джерелаThon, Raphaël. "Dynamique vibrationnelle de métaux-carbonyles pièges en matrice cryogénique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842721.
Повний текст джерелаBertin, Eric. "Dynamique vitreuse : de l' espace des phases à l' espace réel." Paris 7, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00118607.
Повний текст джерелаBertin, Eric. "Dynamique vitreuse : de l'espace de phases à l'espace réel." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00118607.
Повний текст джерелаZahzam, Nassim. "COLLISIONS ET INTERACTIONS FROIDES :- Collisions froides dans des pièges d'atomes et de molécules- Dynamique de l'interaction dipôle-dipôle dans un gaz de Rydberg froid." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011696.
Повний текст джерелаTrois expériences sont décrites dans cette thèse. Dans la première, la caractérisation du régime de collisions élastiques dans un piège hybride optique et magnétique a été menée. Cette étude est d'une grande importance pour évaluer, dans un tel piège, les possibilités d'atteindre la phase quantique de condensation de Bose-Einstein pour l'atome de césium. Dans la deuxième expérience, un dispositif de piégeage dipolaire de molécules de césium, réalisé à l'aide d'un laser CO2, a permis d'obtenir un échantillon dense et froid de molécules, créées par photoassociation d'atomes froids. Le confinement d'atomes et de molécules a été mis en évidence et des études quantitatives de collisions froides inélastiques molécule-atome ont pu être réalisées. Une mesure de ce taux de collisions est donnée dans le manuscrit. Nous abordons, dans la troisième expérience, l'étude détaillée des phénomènes d'interactions à longue distance dipôle-dipôle qui règnent au sein d'un gaz d'atomes de Rydberg froids. Ces interactions ont été mises en évidence et caractérisées à l'aide d'une méthode originale de spectroscopie optique de haute résolution.
Sopik, Julien. "Dynamique de marcheurs aléatoires en interaction : applications aux particules browniennes autogravitantes, à la condensation de Bose-Einstein, à la turbulence en déclin et aux marcheurs aléatoires en présence de pièges." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30126.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the dynamical properties of various systems of interacting random walkers. In the first part of this manuscript, we study a model of self-gravitating Brownian particles. In this model, the particles evolve at fixed temperature. This corresponds to a canonical description of self-gravitating systems. When the temperature is above a certain critical temperature, metastable equilibrium states exist. By contrast, below this critical temperature, the system collapses and forms a Dirac peak. It has been shown that the model of self-gravitating Brownian particles shares numerous analogies with the chemotaxis of biological populations. In this thesis, we generalize these results to the multi-component case, in which the particles can have different masses. In addition, we study the phase transitions between gaseous states and condensed states for a model of self-gravitating Brownian particles (or its biological analog) around a central body. Moreover, we show that the model of self-gravitating Brownian particles exhibits many analogies with the Bose-Einstein condensation of free bosons strongly coupled with a thermal bath. This model corresponds to a canonical description (fixed temperature) of the Bose-Einstein condensation. The coupling between a thermal bath and a system of free bosons induces a effective interaction between the bosons. This one forces them to condensate in their fundamental state when the temperature is less than a certain critical temperature. We then study the solutions of the bosonic Fokker-Planck equation of this problem which leads to the formation of a Dirac peak, modeling the condensate. In the second part of this thesis, we study the freely decaying two-dimensional turbulence. Two-dimensional turbulence has the striking property to generate a set of coherent structures called vortices. If the turbulent system evolves freely (without any external forcing), the turbulent fluid decays due to the merging processes of like-sign vortices. Some studies have shown that two-body merging processes are dominant for large vortex densities whereas there are inefficient at very low density: in this case, the evolution is dominated by three-body processes. .
Ouarch, Zineb. "Caractérisation et modélisation des effets de pièges et thermiques des transistors à effet de champ sur AsGa : application à la simulation de la dynamique lente des circuits non linéaires micro-ondes." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0001.
Повний текст джерелаCalderon, Najera Juan de Dios. "Caractérisation dynamique du système pièce-outil-machine : usinage de pièces minces." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0127.
Повний текст джерелаMachining of flexible pieces, hard machining and high-speed machining put in evidence the need to study the dynamic behavior of the process. In particular, it is necessary to treat the Vibrations associated to the cutting phenomenon. To do this, the elementary mechanical phenomena are first characterized and formulized, and then all of the elements participating in the process are considered as a whole. During a machining operation, vibrations are controlled a priori by a large number of variables such as the cutting parameters and the flexibility of the piece as well as that of the wool Behavior models to be introduced into CAO/CAM programs in order to predict this dynamic behavior are nonexistent. This is the general framework of the present research work. Its objective is to characterize the dynamic behavior of flexible pieces and tools during a turning operation. The search of a model allowing to predict the dynamic response is very complex due to the number of elements involved (piece, tool, cutting, machine-tool. . . ) and the cutting phenomena to be modeled. The response of the piece to be machined is given by calculation based on the Finite Element Method. The flexibility of the tool and of its support are also considered in order to built a global dynamic model Cutting phenomena are formalized from experimental results (COM). Stability criteria are thus deduced. Successive operations of turning at a thin-wall tube, boring of a thick-wall tube and boring of a thin-wall tube are considered in order to strengthen the model
Lopez, garcia Andres Jenaro. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés piézoélectriques de nanofils de ZnO et de nanocomposites associés en vue d’une application à la conversion d’énergie mécanique à électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALT043.
Повний текст джерелаWith the increasing development of wireless networks of low-power sensors for the so-called internet-of-things, there is a need for efficient ways to ensure the energetic autonomy of sensing nodes. Among the various energy harvesting solutions, converting the abundant mechanical energy present in the environment into electrical energy is very promising. In this emerging field of research, ZnO nanowires (NWs) have been strongly studied during these last two decades, both as such, and integrated into nanocomposite materials. At the nanoscale, they feature improved electromechanical properties compared to bulk, as well as easy integration and manufacturing, on both rigid and flexibles substrates. However, some intriguing discrepancies between the experimental and simulation results available at the beginning of this PhD highlighted the need for a better understanding of the piezoelectric operation of NW-based composites, especially for what concerns two important aspects which had been poorly addressed so far: the coupling between piezoelectric and semi-conducting properties in simulations, and the dependence of electromechanical properties with ZnO NW growth method or with NW surrounding environment in experiments.From the theoretical point of view, this Ph.D. thesis studies the coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties in ZnO NWs and related nanocomposites and provides optimization guidelines for mechanical to electrical transducing applications. It investigates the influence of doping level, free carrier density, interface traps and geometrical parameters on electromechanical parameters. Simulations of ZnO NW-based nanocomposites under mechanical compression were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Experimentally, several atomic force microscopy (AFM) modes, such as piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) were used, in order to probe locally electrical and electromechanical parameters which play a key role in the efficiency of the piezoelectric response of ZnO NWs. Our results showed that doping level, free carriers and surface traps, as well as traps dynamics, must be considered in order to explain the amplitude and the potential asymmetry of the electromechanical response, or the influence that geometry has on it. They demonstrate that semiconducting properties should be taken into account for the analysis of experimental results and for the correct design of electromechanical self-powered devices based on ZnO NWs and nanocomposites
Blanc, Laetitia. "Dynamique des populations d’espèces rares et élusives : le lynx boréal en Europe." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS045.
Повний текст джерелаRare, discrete, fascinating and bloodthirsty are all adjectives used in Europe to describe the large carnivores that roam our forests. Degradation of their habitat and depletion of their prey, combined with these wild and "bloodthirsty" aspects, have led to numerous conflicts with humans and led them to disappear from most of their historical range. Since then, most of them have a protected status in most European countries. This status is guaranteed for most of these countries by the Habitats Directive and the Berne Convention. These laws created a favorable context for a gradual return of these species in our ecosystems. To fulfill the requirements established by these laws, it was necessary to improve scientific knowledge of the ecology of these species and to develop methodological tools to understand the dynamics of their populations. European countries then made considerable efforts to contribute to global knowledge and sustainable management of large carnivores. These efforts, in the case of the bear, wolf and lynx, are clearly not homogenous within Europe. The first challenge of this thesis was to evaluate the factors that might explain the heterogeneity of investment in the conservation of large carnivores in Europe. This chapter is based both on ecological criteria of local species and economic criteria of the countries of interest. The first strong result of this study revealed that the bear and lynx have the same profile and receive the same interest from European scientists, wolf differing from the two other species. The second convincing result revealed that the research would be more oriented towards abundant populations rather than small populations as previously assumed by the scientific community. The scientific investment in this first chapter is partly quantified by the amount of effort invested in monitoring populations. It turns out to be a real challenge for large carnivores. The secretive behavior of these species, their low density and their need for large spaces are all constraints to monitoring requiring substantial human and financial resources. Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) monitoring in France is a typical example of these constraints. Until now, monitoring was based on the collection of indirect presence signs. Recently, a non-invasive but expensive camera-trapping protocol has been settled in the French Jura Mountains. We then evaluated in a second chapter a new method for estimating the size of this population. This method has provided the first reliable estimate of the abundance of lynx in France. This estimate, however, came with a relative precision given the limited quantity of data collected during this session. The gap between the needs for a census of the population and the budget available for the monitoring of the species is huge so we had to develop a new modeling tool to achieve our goal. In the third chapter, the objective was to improve these estimates, optimizing the use of the available data. The combination of presence-absence data and camera trapping data has greatly improved the French Jura population estimates that go rising in recent years. The situation is not as favorable for the species on the Vosges part. This population, after reintroduction, appears to be declining drastically over the last 5 years. In a fourth chapter, we therefore investigated the effectiveness of two conservation strategies: the first one was to instate some connectivity between the Vosges and Jura populations and the second one to reintroduce individuals in the German Palatinate Forest, situated in continuity with the Vosges
Atfeh, Bilal. "Méthode des lignes de courant appliquée à la modélisation des bassins." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008599.
Повний текст джерелаVallette, Alexandre. "Dynamique d'ions multichargés dans un piège électrostatique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605746.
Повний текст джерелаRomain, Rudy. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle dans un piège magnéto-optique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10163/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of laser cooled atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Recent works have shown that in the multiple scattering regime, an atomic cloud can have an unstable behavior without external modulation of the system. Nevertheless, these instabilities have not yet been modeled in a satisfactory way. A new configuration of the MOT has been built up as a possible way to study instabilities in only one direction. This trap, called anisotropic MOT, is not made of laser beams with the same laser frequencies along each direction of space. It exhibits the strong couplings between the directions of the trap, with the result that it cannot be used to reduce the number of directions in which instabilities grow up. However, this study can be considered as a new step to a better 3D description of the MOT physics. In particular, it gives us a way to measure the probability that a scattered photon is reabsorbed inside the atomic cloud. This quantity is a characteristic of the MOT but it has never been measured so far. We also develop a 1D spatio-temporal model of the MOT. It consists in a set of coupled nonlinear equations linking the atomic density and the laser intensities. This set contains a Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation which is used to model a lot of systems in various fields and not only in physics. Numerical simulations have been done in a simple case. In the experiment, the use of a fast video camera allows us to observe the spatial structure of one type of instabilities, the so-called stochastic instabilities
Wilkowski, David. "Dynamique du nuage d'atomes froids dans un piège magnéto-optique." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10198.
Повний текст джерелаJaouadi, Amine. "Dynamique d'atomes froids dans des potentiels optiques façonnés." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112242.
Повний текст джерелаLn this thesis, at first we present a realistic theoretical model for generating shaped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of a dilute atomic system, employing blue detuned Laguerre-Gauss (LG) laser beams. Such laser beams have modes which show anode in the center, and trap the atoms in a cylindrical geometry around the axis of propagation of the beam. We study the effect of changing the azimuthal index of the optical potential generated by these beams. One-dimensional (cigar-shape), two-dimensional (disk-shape) and three-dimensional (cylindrical-shape) condensate geometries are explored. We then present an analysis of the BEC growth dynamics, using the quantum kinetic theory. Our study shows that, for a fixed volume of the trap, the temperature of condensation increases substantially and the growth duration decreases significantly with the azimuthal index of the LG beam. Then we present another aspect of the study of the dynamics of a BEC falling in the gravity field in the presence of two crossing dipoles guides. We study the deflexion of the BEC by solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We explore the possibilities of optimization of this device and present results obtained in the case of low temperature dilute Bose-Einstein condensates
Lasorne, Benjamin. "Dynamique quantique autour de régions clef dans les paysages énergétiques." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112131.
Повний текст джерелаQuantum dynamics applied to the theoretical study of chemical reactivity requires, beyond a certain size, to resort to some approximations. The constrained Hamiltonian method has been used in order to treat explicitly only a limited number of degrees of freedom by wave packet techniques. The three broached topics concern elementary processes conditioned by key regions in energy landscapes. They give rise to effects that need a quantum treatment. (i) The study of the competitive photodissociation of bromoacetyle chloride has been done with a two state and two shape mode nonadiabatic model in order to confirm the hypothesis of a diabatic trapping and explain the inverted branching ratio experimentally measured. (ii) The problematic of a bifurcating reaction path has been illustrated by the studies of the methoxy radical isomerization and of the cyclopentadiene cycloaddition as well as the cycloaddition of two of its substituted derivatives. We have linked the initial prepared state of the wave packet to the more or less stepwise or concerted character of the mechanism effectively followed. (iii) The cumulative reaction probability is the fundamental ingredient of the computation of rate constants by quantum methods. We have done a MCTDH calculation of this quantity in the case of the isomerization of hydrogen cyanide characterized by strong tunneling. These results have been compared to those obtained by standard propagation methods and direct application of the microcanonical projector
Lafranche, Éric. "Influence du couplage des orientations et des contraintes internes sur la stabilité dimensionnelle des pièces injectées." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-408.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDumas, Claire. "Développement de méthodes robotisées pour le parachèvement de pièces métalliques et composites." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712458.
Повний текст джерелаDieye, Mamadou. "Comportement dynamique du système pièce/outil/machine (POM) en rectification plane passe profonde." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003440.
Повний текст джерелаGagnon-Carignan, Virginie. "Dynamique communicationnelle et aliénation identitaire : étude de la pièce Celle-là de Daniel Danis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23846/23846.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGagnon, Louis. "Calcul de la résistance aérodynamique d'un véhicule muni de pièces en mouvement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27288/27288.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYengui, Hédi. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique non linéaire d'un système machine - outil - pièce lors d'une opération de fraisage." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619636.
Повний текст джерелаKessentini, Amir. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique non linéaire d'un système machine-outil-pièce lors d'une opération de perçage." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1077.
Повний текст джерелаLepère, Valéria. "Dynamique de photofragmentation de petits agrégats d'Argon et de molécules biologiques : nouvel outil par piégeage et corrélation vectorielle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00106744.
Повний текст джерелаLe nouvel outil associe plusieurs techniques. Deux sources d'ions sont disponibles : pour la formation d'agrégats, un jet supersonique couplé à une ionisation par impact électronique (70eV) et une source « Electrospray » pour les ions d'intérêt biologique. Les ions sont ensuite stockés dans un piège électrostatique de type Zajfman permettant de refroidir rovibrationnellement le système et de mesurer sa durée de vie. L'excitation photonique est produite soit par le laser femtoseconde d'ELYSE soit un laser nanoseconde, tous deux cadencés au kHz. Les photofragments neutres et ioniques sont détectés en coïncidence par un système complexe de détection multi-particules résolu en temps et en position. Ce spectromètre m'a permis de faire une étude détaillée de la dynamique de fragmentation de différents systèmes.
Dans un premier temps, nous avons mesuré la durée de vie de l'état métastable II(1/2)u du dimère Ar2+ et déterminé sa population relative. Dans un deuxième temps, l'étude de la photofragmentation des agrégats Ar2+ et Ar3+ a permis de mettre en évidence les transitions électroniques mises en jeu lors de l'excitation. L'analyse approfondie de ces données m'a permis de proposer des mécanismes de fragmentation. Enfin, une étude préliminaire de la photofragmentation de la tryptamine protonée est présentée dans ce travail.
Do, Van Dong. "Usinage à grande vitesse efficace basé sur l'identification opérationnelle du comportement dynamique et l'optimisation du support de pièce." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC036.
Повний текст джерелаHigh-speed machining plays a very important role in the engineering industry today. However, vibration phenomena during machining process can be detrimental to the quality of machined workpiece, the productivity and the durability of accessories, etc. Mastering the dynamic behavior of the coupled system (machine tool/spindle/tool/workpiece/workpiece holder) is the primordial key to successful high speed machining. The first objective of the thesis consisted in applying existing techniques of operational modal identification and proposing new identification techniques better adapted to take into account the specificities of machining: the presence of very predominant harmonics, the uncontrolled and unmeasured random excitation, and responses only recorded. Three new operational modal identification procedures have been proposed: the transmissibility method (PSDTM-SVD) (i) combined with kurtosis values and histograms, (ii) or hybridized with autocorrelation functions, (iii) and the new SCA-FDD method based on blind source separation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods has been validated by numerical examples and an experimental test. The second objective of the thesis was to propose a new design of the workpiece support using innovative materials, in order to make the dynamic behavior optimal with respect to machining stability. To increase the machining performance, the new composite workpiece holder must have a stiffness at least equal to that of the initial aluminum workpiece holder while having a higher damping ratio. A new hybrid composite laminate reinforced by carbon and flax fibers is then proposed. This combination enables to combine the advantages of two fiber types in a composite. Workpiece holders in carbon-flax hybrid composite laminates with different stacking sequences were fabricated for validation tests. In the case of machining with the composite workpiece holders, the machining stability is greatly increased compared to the initial aluminum workpiece holder. Among the different stacking sequences, the carbon-flax hybrid composite workpiece holder [C6/L8/C6] is the optimal solution in terms of machining performance and environmental impact. This solution increases machining stability by 283 % with a vegetable fiber volume ratio of 14 %
Gojon, Sébastien. "Etude sur l’élaboration et la caractérisation de revêtements en alliages d’aluminium et de magnésium par projection dynamique à froid pour la réparation de pièces aéronautiques." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0272/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe repair of light alloy parts is a major issue in aeronautics. Aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy are widely used in aircraft parts, especially for high value-added components. Their use combined to optimizing design allows to have satisfactory products meeting mass, cost and performance requirements. However, like any other life-limited components, various damages can occur not only during handling procedure but also while operating. Rectification solutions exist but do not always comply with requirements. These limitations entail high scrap rates among high value-added parts.The various advantages of the cold spray process make it an ideal candidate for suitable coatings for light alloy aircraft components as protective, retouching or repair methods. The aim is to rebuild the damaged part by a coating whose characteristics are closest to those of primary materials. This thesis proposes to optimize different cold spray parameters for several substrate-coating pairs combining different aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and aluminum alloy-based metal matrix composites.The first step was to optimize the main parameters of cold spray process to prevent clogging phenomenon that may occur in the expansion part of the nozzle. It decreases particle kinetics and promotes porous coating. Then, adhesion optimization of substrate-coating couples was investigated. The substrate surface preparation is a key factor on coating adhesion, where the mechanical anchoring appears essential. Finally, an innovative study was conducted to develop a method to cover locally surface defects. Offline programming trajectories were used to fill up two kinds of pre-machined defaults on aluminum alloy blocks. Results are in good agreement with spray time savings and defect free coatings after machining
Moreau, Vincent. "Etude dynamique de l’usinage et de l’interaction pièce-outil par mesure des déplacements : application au fraisage et au tournage." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0005.
Повний текст джерелаLn order to counter tool vibrations problem during machining operations, two different approaches were developed. The first is the tool vibration. Prediction, through increasingly sophisticated machining operation models. The second is an experimental approach with the instrumentation of machining centers to monitor and understand the behavior of the tool during machining. Under the second approach, many sensor technologies are used. The aim of this work is to study the behavior of the tool using non-contact dis placement sensor to measure directly the tool vibrations during the machining operation. This approach used in milling and turning allow the study of various aspects of the tool-workpiece interactions. The first point is the investigation of cutting the phenomenon, with the possibility of drawing the tool trajectory in three dimensions or in the plan. The second point is the study of stability or instability of the machining operation. Subsequently, measurements of displacements are used to determine the cutting forces, either for milling or turning operation. The forces applied on the tool will cause its deflection; this deflection is measured by the non-contact displacement sensors. For the milling, a specific calculation method, using Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the tool has been implemented. It allows cutting forces calculation for high spindle speeds. Finally, the reconstruction of the workpiece surface was done. The measured tool displacements are superimposed on the theoretical tool trajectory to determine the surface aspect and profile of the actual machined surface during the operation
Marot, Gérard. "Essai d'une synthèse sur le comportement dynamique du système machine, outil, pièce : vers une proposition de conception structurale des machines." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066334.
Повний текст джерелаMétivier, David. "Modèles cinétiques, de Kuramoto à Vlasov : bifurcations et analyse expérimentale d'un piège magnéto-optique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4074/document.
Повний текст джерелаLong-range interacting systems are known to display particular statistical and dynamical properties.To describe their dynamical evolution, we can use kinetic equations describing their density in the phase space. This PhD thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first part concerns our collaboration with an experimental team on a Magneto-Optical Trap. The physics of this widely-used device, operating with a large number of atoms, is supposed to display effective Coulomb interactions coming from photon rescattering. We have proposed experimental tests to highlight the analog of a Debye length, and its influence on the system response. The experimental realizations do not allow yet a definitive conclusion. In the second part, we analyzed the Vlasov and Kuramoto kinetic models. To study their infinite dimensional dynamics, we looked at bifurcations around unstable steady states. The goal was to obtain reduced equations describing the dynamical evolution. We performed unstable manifold expansions on five different kinetic systems. These reductions are in general not exact and plagued by singularities, yet they predict correctly the nature and scaling of the bifurcation, which we tested numerically. We conjectured an exact dimensional reduction (obtained using the Triple Zero normal form) around the inhomogeneous states of the Vlasov equation. These results are expected to be very generic and could be relevant in an astrophysical context. Other results apply to synchronization phenomena through the Kuramoto model for oscillators with inertia and/or delayed interactions
Kamsap, Marius Romuald. "Horloge micro-onde à ions : analyse et transport d'un nuage d'ions dans un piège à plusieurs zones." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4781/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is part of a project aiming to explore the performance limiting factors of a microwave ion clock. This work is based on the observation and manipulation of a large ion cloud in potentials with different geometries. The purpose is to analyze and transport a large cloud of more than 10^6 ions in a linear radio-frequency trap with several zones. Our group has build a three-zone trap for calcium ion trapping: two quadrupole parts and an octupole part mounted inline. Ions are created in the first quadrupole part and cooled by lasers along the trap symmetry axis. We study the creation of a large ion cloud. The current trapping and cooling parameters limit the maximum size of the cloud to 1,2.10^5 ions. with a rapid and optimized transport protocol, these ions are transfered in the second part of the trap and then in the octupole trap with an efficiency of up to 100%. The result as function of the transport duration shows an asymmetry between the two transport directions. We exploit this feature to add ions in the second or third trap without loss of the already trapped ions. This accumulation technique has allowed to trap 2,5.10^5 ions in the second and third trap. The cooling laser power seems to be the major limiting factor of this number. Finally the observation of the ions in the octupole shows that the cold ions are localised in three different potential wells. This is in contradiction with the hollow structure predicted by the analytical fluid model and molecular dynamics simulations. The cause of this difference is a tiny defect in the octupole symmetry of the RF-electrodes which leads to local minima in the multipole potential
Schwartz, Timothée. "Les dispositifs artificiels au service de la restauration et de la compensation écologique : de l’évaluation du risque de piège écologique aux recommandations de bonnes pratiques." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03177394.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to cope with the human induced rapid environmental changes, many public actions for the protection of nature have been undertaken. Among these are those biodiversity offsetting measures that can enable the restoration of species habitats. These can however create ecological traps. This risk is particularly great for artificial devices which have been widely acclaimed but whose impact on the target populations is often untested. In this thesis, I use the examples of the European roller and the colonial Laridae breeding in the south of France, to show that the test of the ecological trap hypothesis is well adapted to the evaluation of artificial devices, and is generalizable to other contexts. The study of trap creation mechanisms also allows the formulation of good practice recommendations. I propose an adaptive approach for the design, implementation and evaluation of restoration and biodiversity offsetting projects
Useli, Bacchitta Francesca. "Photophysique des molécules polycycliques aromatiques hydrogénées d'intérêt interstellaire avec l'expérience PIRENEA." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/865/.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the interesting discoveries of infrared astronomy is the ubiquitous presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in interstellar and circumstellar environments. These macromolecules play a key role in the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM). However, despite a lot of observational, laboratory and modelling studies, no definite identification of individual species has been possible yet. The identification process requires both an understanding of the nature of these large carbon molecules, which is driven by their formation and further evolution under the action of UV photodissociation and chemistry, and the search for specific spectroscopic fingerprints. These subjects are experimentally approached in this work,taking advantage of the PIRENEA set-up dedicated to astrochemistry. In the first part of this thesis a study of the photodissociation cascade of several medium-sized PAHs isolated in the ion trap of PIRENEA is performed. The aim of this study is to provide information on both destruction of PAHs by UV radiation and formation channels of small hydrocarbons and carbon clusters through destruction of a larger precursor. An inventory of the formed species is made and the main fragmentation patterns are identified. The second part of the thesis focuses on the visible spectroscopy of different PAH cations and dehydrogenated derivatives. Multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy is performed to measure the electronic spectra of these species. The experimental results are interpreted with the help of theoretical spectra calculated in the frame of the time-dependent density functional theory and laboratory data obtained in rare-gas matrices. The photophysics of the laser-irradiated ions is also modelled to derive, for some of the studied species, the absorption cross-sections of the measured electronic transitions. The purpose of this second study is to obtain gas-phase spectroscopic data on different ionised PAHs and derivatives, that can be useful for the pre-selection of the most promising candidates for some of the diffuse interstellar bands, a set of absorption bands observed in the ISM since almost a century but still unidentified
Ladonne, Mathieu. "Modélisation du procédé de perçage assisté par vibrations forcées : prise en compte de l’environnement Pièce-Outil-Machine." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0006.
Повний текст джерелаVibrations assisted drilling is a process which ensures chip shape control in order to increase reliability during drilling operations. The adding of axial oscillation, controlled with amplitude and frequency, introduce two new parameters which must determinate according to the conventional parameters (feed and speed rotation). The optimal setting of vibrations assisted drilling is not obvious. To provide an optimization-tool of the process, a new model which take into account the “Tool-Workpiece-Machine” environment, is proposed. Drill geometry, Tool-Workpiece interactions and dynamic behavior of the Machine are incorporated in the model. Tis specificity allows adjusting behavior of the process with the case of application. An identification methodology is presented to characterize the environment. Simulation’s results and experimental results are compared to validate the model. This model thus allows predicting process behavior in order to optimize the operational parameters
Le, Meur Kevin. "Etude du procédé d'estampage de plaques composites thermo-plastiques et recherche d'une méthodologie efficiente pour l'analyse de la faisabilité d'une pièce complexe." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0115.
Повний текст джерелаThe thermo-stamping process is a promising way for the mass production of the composite parts. However this process is complex to master and simulate due to the multi-physics background (textile deformation, thermal shock, rubbing...) and trial and error tests campaigns can be expensive. This study focuses on the measurement and assessment of the process and materials behaviour, to simulate the cooling down of the matrix and the forming of the woven. Typical defects are mentioned as well as associated industrial solutions to solve them. The simulation makes it possible to determine the consolidation time necessary in order to optimize the manufacturing time as a function of the material used and of its thickness. Furthermore the forming simulation shows the feasibility of the part and the fibre orientation to design the product for the static and crash cases. The contributions of this work are the following: thermal measurements of the pre-consolidated plate during the stamping phase and the thermal chock at the surface of the composites, an efficient method to analyse the feasibility of a complex shape in an industrial context is proposed through forming simulations compared to the experiment. Finally, a methodology for the analysis of the in-plane shearing behaviour of a woven fabric with non-orthogonal warp and weft yarn is proposed
Le, Texier Marion. "Les circulations internationales en Europe au XXIème siècle. De l'étude des répartitions monétaires à la modélisation d'un système complexe." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960529.
Повний текст джерелаChéron, Hubert. "Etude du piégeage sexuel des noctuelles du maïs en Guadeloupe, en vue de prognose." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066501.
Повний текст джерела"Dynamique communicationnelle et aliénation identitaire. Étude de la pièce Celle-là de Daniel Danis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23846/23846.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMoreau, Vincent. "Etude dynamique de l'usinage et de l'interaction pièce-outil par mesure des déplacements : application au fraisage et au tournage." Phd thesis, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005924.
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