Дисертації з теми "Dynamique de la Terre profonde"
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Boukaré, Charles-Edouard. "Dynamique du manteau dans la jeune Terre." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1011/document.
Повний текст джерелаEarly in the history of terrestrial planet, heat of accreation, radioactive deacay and core-mantle segratation may have melted the silicate mantle significantly. Magma ocean evolution depends on both physical properties of materials at relevant P-T conditions and the complex dynamics of a convecting cristallizing mantle. Present deep Earth mantle structures might be direclty linked to the crystallization of a potential magma ocean. We propose a complete thermodynamic model of the solid-liquid equilibrium in the MgO-FeO-SiO2 system which allows to compute self-consistenltly crystallization sequence at deep mantle conditions. The present study shows that, at thermodynamic equilibrium, the first solids that crystallize in the deep mantle are lighter than the liquid as they are more Mg-rich. This further enriches the melt in iron and this residual melt becomes much denser than the solid phase. Both the anti-freeze effect of iron and its high density suggest a mantle crystallization scenario similar to that described in Labrosse et al. (2007) where the ULVZ are iron rich and very fusible remnants of a primordial basal magma ocean. In addition, we have developped a multiphase convection code accounting for solid-liquid phase change, compaction and fractionnal cristallization. This mechanical model is dedicated to the investigation of the effects of various temperature profile and solid liquid density cross-overs on the dynamics of a cristallizing mantle. In this thesis, we show preliminary models illustrating the effect of chemical density contrasts between melt and solid in the case of univariant crystallization
Garcia, Raphael François. "Le Noyau Terrestre: étude sismologique de quelques structures majeures influençant la dynamique terrestre." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370921.
Повний текст джерелаKocha, Cécile. "Interactions entre poussières désertiques et convection profonde en Afrique de l'Ouest : Observations et modélisation à échelle convective." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741943.
Повний текст джерелаFrasson, Thomas. "Flux de chaleur hétérogène dans des simulations de convection mantellique : impact sur la géodynamo et les inversions magnétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU027.
Повний текст джерелаThe Earth’s magnetic field is generated within the Earth’s core, where convective motions ofthe electrically conducting liquid iron result in a dynamo action. This process, called the geodynamo,has been maintaining a magnetic field for billion of years. Paleomagnetic evidence showsthat the behaviour of the geodynamo has changed during geological times. These behaviourchanges are visible through variations in the strength and stability of the magnetic dipole. Variationsin the heat flux at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) due to mantle convection have beensuggested as one possible mechanism capable of driving such a change of behaviour.Numerical models of mantle convection and of the geodynamo have made significant improvementsin the recent years. Coupling mantle convection models and geodynamo models cangive insights into how the geodynamo reacts to variations in the CMB heat flux. Our current understandingof this thermal coupling between the mantle and the core is nonetheless restricted bylimitations in numerical models on both the mantle and core side. On the mantle side, the orientationof the mantle with respect to the spin axis has to be better constrained in order to exploitrecent simulations reproducing about 1 Gyr of mantle convection. Constraining this orientationrequires to align the maximum inertia axis of the mantle with the spin axis of the Earth, causingsolid-body rotations of the mantle called true polar wander (TPW). On the core side, numericalsimulations are still far from the parameter regime of the Earth, and it is not clear whether thereversing mechanism observed in these models is relevant for the Earth’s core.This work aims at acquiring a more complete understanding of how lateral heterogeneitiesof the CMB heat flux affect the geodynamo. In a first part, we explore the impact of TPW onthe CMB heat flux using two recently published mantle convection models: one model drivenby a plate reconstruction and a second that self-consistently produces a plate-like behaviour. Wecompute the geoid in both models to correct for TPW. An alternative to TPW correction is used forthe plate-driven model by simply repositioning the model in the original paleomagnetic referenceframe of the plate reconstruction. We find that in the plate-driven mantle convection model, themaximum inertia axis does not show a long-term consistency with the position of the magneticdipole inferred from paleomagnetism. TPW plays an important role in redistributing the CMBheat flux, notably at short time scales (≤ 10 Myr). Those rapid variations modify the latitudinaldistribution of the CMB heat flux. A principal component analysis (PCA) is computed to obtainthe dominant CMB heat flux patterns in the models.In a second part, we study the impact of heterogeneous heat flux conditions at the top of thecore in geodynamo models that expands towards more Earth-like parameter regimes than previouslydone. We especially focus on the heat flux distribution between the poles and the equator.More complex patterns extracted from the mantle convection models are also used. We show thatan equatorial cooling of the core is the most efficient at destabilizing the magnetic dipole, while apolar cooling of the core tends to stabilize the dipole. The observed effects of heterogeneous heatflux patterns are explained through the compatibility of thermal winds generated by the heat fluxpattern with zonal flows. Notably, heat flux patterns have a more moderate effect when westwardzonal flows are strong, with a destabilization of the dipole only for unrealistically large amplitudes.A parameter controlling the strength and stability of the magnetic dipole that is consistentwith the reversing behaviour of the geodynamo is suggested.i
Osorio-Leon, Ivan-David. "Dynamiques oxiques-anoxiques dans la subsurface continentale : prédiction et contrôle sur l'altération des roches et la biomasse profonde." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENB039.
Повний текст джерелаRedox reactions involving dissolved oxygen (DO) are the most energetic and provide a major source of energy for the deep biosphere. The ability of fractured rocks to rapidly transport oxygenated waters from the surface to depth allows for the existence of a deep oxic hydrosphere (DOH), which has been historically neglected. This thesis focuses on the origin, dynamics, and consequences of this DOH. First, we establish a conceptual framework to identify the factors controlling the reactive transport of DO at the watershed scale. We develop a water-rock interaction model to predict the depth of the DOH. This model is used to explain the occurrence of a DOH within the first 300 meters of the aquifer in the Critical Zone Observatory of Ploemeur. We investigate the δ18O of DO within the DOH to identify the distribution of biotic and abiotic processes that control the reactivity of DO in the watershed. Second, we conduct two in-situ experiments to explore the consequences of the DOH on the biogeochemical functioning of the subsurface. A reactive DO tracer test and a mineral incubation experiment are developed to study the response of, respectively, the planktonic and mineral-attached biomass to oxic and anoxic dynamics in the subsurface. This work highlights a DOH in which subsurface biogeochemical processes are sensitive to surface hydrological dynamics involving the transport of DO, thus challenging the paradigm of the deep biosphere as an inert and anoxic system
Las reacciones redox que involucran oxígeno disuelto (OD) son las más energéticas y proporcionan una fuente importante de energía para la biosfera subterránea. La capacidad de las rocas fracturadas para transportar rápidamente aguas oxigenadas desde la superficie hasta la profundidad permite la existencia de una hidrosfera óxica profunda (HOP), que históricamente ha sido ignorada. Esta tesis se centra en el origen, la dinámica y las consecuencias de esta HOP. En primer lugar, establecemos un marco conceptual para identificar los factores que controlan el transporte reactivo del OD a escala de cuenca. Desarrollamos un modelo de interacción agua-roca para predecir la profundidad de la HOP. Este modelo se utiliza para explicar la ocurrencia de una HOP dentro de los primeros 300 metros del acuífero en el Observatorio de la Zona Crítica de Ploemeur. Investigamos el δ18O del OD dentro de la HOP para identificar la distribución de los procesos bióticos y abióticos que controlan la reactividad del OD en la cuenca. En segundo lugar, realizamos dos experimentos in-situ para explorar las consecuencias de la HOP en el funcionamiento biogeoquímico del subsuelo. Se desarrolla una prueba de trazador reactivo con OD y un experimento de incubación mineral para estudiar la respuesta de la biomasa planctónica y adherida a los minerales, respectivamente, a las dinámicas óxicas y anóxicas en el subsuelo. Este trabajo destaca una HOP en la que los procesos biogeoquímicos subterráneos son sensibles a las dinámicas hidrológicas superficiales que implican el transporte de OD, desafiando así el paradigma de la biosfera profunda como un sistema inerte y anóxico
NAWAB, RAMIN. "Observation et demodulation des modes propres de la terre : contraintes sur la terre profonde." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077289.
Повний текст джерелаAlbagnac, Julie. "Dynamique tridimensionnelle de dipôles tourbillonnaires en eau peu profonde." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9847/1/Albagnac_9847.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZerfa, Fatma Zohra. "Dynamique couplée des ouvrages en terre." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0109.
Повний текст джерелаCharki, Zakaria. "Analyse théorique du problème de la convection de Bénard profonde." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10009.
Повний текст джерелаVigny, Christophe. "Géoïde et dynamique interne de la Terre." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112302.
Повний текст джерелаOuzegane, Khadidja. "Les granulites al-mg et les carbonatites dans la serie de l'in ouzzal : nature et evolution de la croute continentale profonde pendant l'archeen." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066566.
Повний текст джерелаMaltais, Pierre-Olivier. "Simulations numériques du comportement de fondations profondes sous sollicitations dynamiques dans deux dépôts quaternaires de l'Est du Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24750.
Повний текст джерелаRicard, Yanick. "Dynamique interne de la Terre et observations gravimétriques." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112365.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis on geodynamics includes two parts. Deformation processes of mantellic materials are involved in both parts. Geoid and Bouguer Gravity observations are used to constraint our models. The first part of this thesis presents a spectral analysis of topography and gravity anomalies in the Basin and Range Province of North America. Periodicities are shown with various wavelengths and directions. These directions are related to the extensional directions of this province during Miocene time and the Present. These observations are compared to numerical models of stretching instabilities. We suggest the existence of a "boudinage" structure for the whole lithosphere. In the second part, we analyze the long wavelength relationships between geoid, mantle lateral heterogeneities and plate tectonics. These relationships can only be explained by the internal dynamics of the fluid Earth. Our models can take into account the existence of lateral variations in the mechanical properties of the Earth. They can simulate the effects of rigid plates moving on the top of an homogeneous convective mantle
Ricard, Yanick. "Dynamique interne de la terre et observations gravimétriques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600821j.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Thanh Don. "Impact de la résolution et de la précision de la topographie sur la modélisation de la dynamique d’invasion d’une crue en plaine inondable." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0093/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe analyze in this thesis various aspects associated with the modeling of free surface flows in shallow water approximation. We first study the system of Saint-Venant equations in two dimensions and its resolution with the numerical finite volumes method, focusing in particular on aspects hyperbolic and conservative. These schemes can process stationary equilibria, wetdry interfaces and model subcritical, transcritical and supercritical flows. After, we present the variational data assimilation method theory fitted to this kind of flow. Its application through sensitivity studies is fully discussed in the context of free surface water. After this theoretical part, we test the qualification of numerical methods implemented in the code Dassflow, developed at the University of Toulouse, mainly at l'IMT, but also at IMFT. This code solves the Shallow Water equations by finite volume method and is validated by comparison with analytical solutions for standard test cases. These results are compared with another hydraulic free surface flow code using finite elements in two dimensions: Telemac2D. A significant feature of the Dassflow code is to allow variational data assimilation using the adjoint method for calculating the cost function gradient. The adjoint code was obtained using the automatic differentiation tool Tapenade (INRIA). Then, the test is carried on a real hydraulically complex case using different qualities of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and bathymetry of the river bed. This information are provided by either a conventional database types IGN or a very high resolution LIDAR information. The comparison of the respective influences of bathymetry, mesh size, kind of code used on the dynamics of flooding is very finely explored. Finally we perform sensitivity mapping studies on parameters of the Dassflow model. These maps show the respective influence of different parameters and of the location of virtual measurement points. This optimal location of these points is necessary for an efficient data assimilation in the future
Dieye, Mamadou. "Comportement dynamique du système pièce/outil/machine (POM) en rectification plane passe profonde." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003440.
Повний текст джерелаTort, Marine. "Dynamique et modélisation des atmosphères profondes." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01137840.
Повний текст джерелаLarge-scale atmospheric and oceanic motions are fairly well described under the so-called shallow-atmosphere approximation, which neglects the thickness of the atmosphere comparing to the planetary radius. Titan is the biggest moon of Saturn and has a thick atmosphere with an aspect ratio reaching almost 25%. It is then preferable not to make the shallow-atmosphere approximation to model its atmospheric general circulation. This thesis solves problems in modeling of such deep-atmospheres and addresses some issues for understanding their dynamics. The shallow-atmosphere and traditional approximation neglecting the part of the Coriolis force due to the horizontal component of the planetary rotation rate vector (also called as non-traditional part) seem to be inseparable to satisfy the conservation of absolute angular momentum. However, we show that it is possible to retain non-traditional terms under the shallow-atmosphere approximation while satisfying all conservation laws, in the compressible Euler equations as well as in the shallow-water equations on the rotating sphere. In most cases, given the small aspect ratio, this new non-traditional model is accurate. In this case, several idealized zonal jet stability and free evolving turbulence studies have been conducted using shallow-water and Boussinesq models taking into account the complete Coriolis force. We highlight the parameters for which the non-traditional effects are significant and discuss the dynamical effects in realistic cases. To model general circulation of Titan's atmosphere, we integrate the quasi-hydrostatic equations in the dynamical core of the LMD-Z (Titan) atmospheric general circulation model. After identifying the Hamiltonian structure of the equations, we imitate the formulation at discrete level to conserve total energy. Various test cases are performed in order to validate the stability and the accuracy of the new dynamical core. The latter is applied to Titan's atmosphere. Firstly, an idealized simulation is performed starting from an atmosphere at rest and using a Newtonian relaxation. Then more realistic simulations are implemented using parameterizations of LMD-Z (Titan)
Courteau, Mireille. "Purification des protéases extracellulaires de Streptomyces caviscabiesEF 87, associé à la gale profonde de la pomme de terre." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Знайти повний текст джерелаFrancius, Marc. "Contribution à la dynamique des ondes de gravité non linéaires en eau peu profonde." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22101.
Повний текст джерелаBonnay, Marianne. "Caractérisation et transfert des magmas felsiques dans la croûte moyenne à profonde : Exemple : le Mont Hay en Australie Centrale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMontagner, Jean-Paul. "Etude de la structure profonde de la terre a partir des ondes de surface de longue periode." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066188.
Повний текст джерелаMontagner, Jean-Paul. "Etude de la structure profonde de la terre à partir des ondes de surface de longue période." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599735t.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Lei. "Reconstruction des ondes de volume par corrélation du bruit ambiant : vers l'imagerie passive de la Terre profonde." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU023/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims toward an improved understanding of the seismic signals derived from the inter-receiver correlation functions of seismic noise, which is valuable and critical for a reliable noise-based deep Earth imaging. The thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces background knowledge on seismic noise, from its classifications to various origins. Chapter 2 provides a literature overview on the history and development of the emerging noise correlation method, and reviews various techniques for the pre-processing of seismic noise data and post-processing of noise correlation functions. Statistics-based noise processing methods and a modified scheme for computing correlation function are developed in this chapter. Chapter 3 proposes several Radon-based techniques to analyze the slownesses of correlated wavefields and to unveil the origin of noise-derived seismic signals. Chapter 4 shows that body waves penetrating into deep Earth can be extracted from noise correlations at teleseismic distances, with noise records from two regional seismic networks. Chapter 5 applies the techniques proposed in chapter 3 to the double-array nose correlations computed in chapter 4, and accordingly reveals the origin of an early spurious phase observed in chapter 4. Chapter 6 discusses several situations that bring ambiguities into the noise-derived seismic signals and can potentially bias the noise-based imaging of subsurface structure. The last chapter provides a summarization over the contributions of this thesis and an outlook of several ongoing and prospected works
Michel, Patrick. "Evolution dynamique des asteroides qui croisent l'orbite de la terre." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5066.
Повний текст джерелаDoupoux, Cédric. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la dynamique des stocks de matière organique profonde des sols amazoniens." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0003/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent results have shown that equatorial podzols store large amounts of carbon in their deep Bh horizons. This leads to two main questions: (1) how and at what kinetics these soils were formed, (2) how climate change could induce atmospheric carbon production that could impact the global climate system.In this context, we have developed a model that allows to constrain carbon fluxes both by the observed C stocks and their 14C age. In a sufficiently simplified situation, we have established a formal relationship between the C stock evolution and its 14C age. Applied to Amazonian podzols, our model has brought new and unexpected results. It has been shown that the surface horizons of the most hydromorphic podzolized areas are the largest contributors of MOD transferred to the hydrographic network then to the sea. It is observed that the formation of Bh is only possible by considering two compartments, fast and slow. The estimate of their formation time (low estimate) allowed to differentiate between relatively young podzols (formation time 15 – 25 ky) developed on relatively recent Holocene sediments and old podzols (formation 180 – 290 ky) developed on older sediments. The carbon accumulation rate in the studied podzols ranges from 0.54 to 3.17 gC m-2 y-1, which corresponds to a carbon sequestration around 3 1011 gC an-1, which is significant at the geological scales.Column percolation experiments allowed us to show the reactivity of the Bh material and the presence, despite very high C/N ratios (63 on average), of a significant bacterial activity which modifies the nature of the MOD which percolates through it. This MOD has the capacity to transport Al and Fe in the form of complex organometallic complexes capable of migrating through very kaolinitic materials. These results contribute to the understanding of the transfers of pedologically formed MOD in the deep aquifers.Under the hypothesis of the appearance of a climate with contrasting seasons, we have been able to show that a 90-day period without rain after the disappearance of the perched water-table would not allow to reach the point of entry of air by drying of superficial horizons. Nevertheless, assuming an air entry, the extrapolation of the experimentally measured mineralization rates under oxic conditions results in a production of atmospheric C around 2.0 1014 g of CO2 per year, which may involve a positive feedback from the global climate system
Lahaye, Noé. "Dynamique, interactions et instabilités de structures cohérentes agéostrophiques dans les modèles en eau peu profonde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066289/document.
Повний текст джерелаCoherent structures are ubiquitous features of atmospheric and oceanic flows. Their associated meso- and large scale circulation is in geostrophic equilibrium. However, at increasing Rossby numbers, ageostrophic effects may push the structures away from this equilibrium, and new types of instabilities can also disturb their dynamics. In this thesis, the properties of ageostrophic coherent structures are investigated, mainly by means of direct numerical simulations. This is done in the framework of simplified conceptual models of meso- and large scale oceanic and atmospheric flows, namely Rotating Shallow Water models. The instability of intense vortices (isolated anticyclonic vortices and tropical cyclones) in one-layer and two-layer shallow water models are studied. Direct numerical simulations of the nonlinear saturation of these instabilities allow us to study the properties of the ageostrophic part of the flow, such as the inertia-gravity wave emission and the formation of shocks. Then, quasi-stationary ageostrophic structures are obtained by means of numerical simulations in one-layer and two-layer models. It consists of vortex dipoles or tripoles, either baroclinic or barotropic, which are stable and whose ageostrophic component does not imply inertia-gravity waves emission. Finally, decaying vortex and wave turbulence is studied in the one-layer model. The evolution of the flow for very different initial conditions is discussed and we put the emphasis on the ageostrophic properties of the flow, the wave-vortex coupling and the sensitivity to initial conditions
Lahaye, Noé. "Dynamique, interactions et instabilités de structures cohérentes agéostrophiques dans les modèles en eau peu profonde." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066289.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCoherent structures are ubiquitous features of atmospheric and oceanic flows. Their associated meso- and large scale circulation is in geostrophic equilibrium. However, at increasing Rossby numbers, ageostrophic effects may push the structures away from this equilibrium, and new types of instabilities can also disturb their dynamics. In this thesis, the properties of ageostrophic coherent structures are investigated, mainly by means of direct numerical simulations. This is done in the framework of simplified conceptual models of meso- and large scale oceanic and atmospheric flows, namely Rotating Shallow Water models. The instability of intense vortices (isolated anticyclonic vortices and tropical cyclones) in one-layer and two-layer shallow water models are studied. Direct numerical simulations of the nonlinear saturation of these instabilities allow us to study the properties of the ageostrophic part of the flow, such as the inertia-gravity wave emission and the formation of shocks. Then, quasi-stationary ageostrophic structures are obtained by means of numerical simulations in one-layer and two-layer models. It consists of vortex dipoles or tripoles, either baroclinic or barotropic, which are stable and whose ageostrophic component does not imply inertia-gravity waves emission. Finally, decaying vortex and wave turbulence is studied in the one-layer model. The evolution of the flow for very different initial conditions is discussed and we put the emphasis on the ageostrophic properties of the flow, the wave-vortex coupling and the sensitivity to initial conditions
Ulvrová, Martina. "Dynamique des fluides et des transports appliquée à la Terre primitive." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776472.
Повний текст джерелаCourteau, Mireille. "Purification des protéases extracellulaires de Streptomyces caviscabies EF 87, associé à la gale profonde de la pomme de terre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0014/MQ35728.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаColtice, Nicolas. "Dynamique du globe et éléments volatils." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0182.
Повний текст джерелаBonnay, Marianne. "Caractérisation et transfert des magmas felsiques dans la croûte moyenne à profonde : Exemple : le Mont Hay en Australie Centrale /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаRoch, Julien. "Etude de la structure globale de la terre profonde aux grandes échelles par les modes propres : du manteau inférieur à la graine." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077159.
Повний текст джерелаSeismology is a very efficient tool for probing the deep Earth structure, and to better understand its dynamics. In this thesis, we focused on normal modes of the Earth and especially the very low frequency modes. Particularly, in the lower part of the spectrum, the modes are sensitive to the inner core. In the context of a laterally heterogeneous Earth, the modes are made of singlets grouped into multiplets (modes whose frequencies are close, and whose movements were associated with similar behavior). The spectral position of the singlets within a multiplet is the direct expression of the asymmetry of the structure of the earth and its quantitative characteristics. In order to study the three dimensional structure of the deep Earth, we have analyzed, at first, normal modes data from the 2004 Sumatra earthquake (9. 3), 2010 Chilean earthquake (8. 8) and 2011 Japan earthquake (9. 0) to build a catalog of eigen-frequencies and attenuation factors. In a second step, we adapt the HOPT method and the Neighborhood Algorithm (NA) on the EGI European Grid. This procedure allows us to explore the parameter space in detail and especially in a time very acceptable. We also present a new method to study the possible differentiel rotation of the inner-core based on the singlets frequency variation over time
Sami, Taklit. "Etudes classique et quantique de la dynamique des systemes nucleaires dissipatifs non markoviens par le formalisme des integrales de parcours." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13077.
Повний текст джерелаDa, Silva Élodie. "Interactions "sol - vers de terre" et dynamique du mercure en Guyane française." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944329.
Повний текст джерелаCharnay, Benjamin. "Dynamique troposphérique et évolution climatique de Titan et de la Terre primitive." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987546.
Повний текст джерелаCharnay, Benjamin. "Dynamique troposphérique et évolution climatique de Titan et de la Terre primitive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066034.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the study of the atmospheres of Titan and the early Earth with Global Climate Models (GCM). First, I analysed the thermal structure and the dynamics of Titan's lower troposphere. This analysis allowed a full caracterization of the planetary boundary layer and revealed the existence of a boundary layer circulation which impacts every aspect of Titan's weather (wind patterns, atmospheric waves, dune and cloud formation, exchange of momentum with the surface, and development of the superrotation). Thanks to this study, I proposed a new hypothesis to explain the eastward orientation of Titan's dunes that implies a coupling between tropical storms and the superrotation. This has been validated with mesoscale simulations and provided a general framework to explain Titan's dune formation and features. Then, I participated to the development of a generic GCM, designed to study any kind of atmosphere. I applied it to Titan's paleoclimates, when the atmosphere was depleted of methane. In such a case, the climate should have been different from today, with potentially fundamental geological consequences, in particular for the erosion and the age of the surface. Finally, I applied this GCM to the case of the early Earth using greenhouse gas abundances constrained by mineralogical data. I showed that despite a weaker solar insolation, the Archean Earth's climate may have been temperate. In particular, the Earth may have avoided a full glaciation and remained suitable for the development of life thanks to cloud feedback, even assuming a amount of CO2 just a little larger than today
Ostanciaux, Émilie. "Niveau marin et déformation de la Terre : échelles spatio-temporelles." Rennes 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835605.
Повний текст джерелаThe sea level responds to eustatic variations and vertical motions of the solid Earth. Its variations are controlled by processes acting at different space and time scales. Although the governing physics is theoretically known, their calibration is made difficult by the lack of observations necessary to evaluate their amplitudes and wavelentgths. In order to quantify each of these processes and infer the parameters of the internal Earth, it is therefore necessary to establish robust databases that allow discriminating their respective roles in the relative motion of the solid Earth and oceans. The compilation of a database of current vertical ground motions along the coasts reveals a non-uniform signal dominated at global scale by post-glacial rebound and locally by the geodynamic context of margins. Extracting post-glacial rebound signal of the solid Earth enables to assess the coastal exposure to current sea level rise. On a longer time scale, paleogeographic reconstructions from Albian to Turonian times highlight the absence of a transgressive signal at a global scale. This result contradicts the common idea of a eustatic maximum during this period. More than eustasy, dynamic topography or the consequences of the breakup of Pangea are considered to explain the spatio-temporal variations in sea level
El, Khoury Lara. "Diffusion Raman résonante des rayons X de molécules excitées en couche profonde." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066305.
Повний текст джерелаRoger, Jonathan. "Dynamique glaciaire des auges Notre Dame et Hawke, Nord-Est de Terre-Neuve." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29158/29158.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLabidi, Jabrane. "Origine, dynamique et multi-compositions isotopiques du soufre dans le manteau terrestre." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077165.
Повний текст джерелаSulfur content and isotope composition of the terrestrial mantle can provide major constraints on the internal dynamic of this element and on nature of mantle heterogeneities. The mean S isotope composition of this reservoir can also characterize the potentiel mantle-core equilibrium and hence help to decipher the question of sulfur origin on Earth. In this study, we report S content and relative abundances of 32S, 33S, 34S and 36S in more than 120 glassy basalts coming from 3 ocean ridges and a transform fault. We propose a new sulfur extraction protocol for silicate glasses based on hydrofluoric acid. We evidenced an analytical bias affecting the previously published dataset, probably due to the use of the e"Kiba reagent". The redetermined δ34S are approximately 1‰ lower than the previously published data. We also provide the first Δ33S and Δ36S data for ocean ridge basalts. These date are, within uncertainty, indistinguishable from our CDT estimate, confirming the idea that terrestrial mantle has a Δ33S and Δ36S close to 0. 000‰ with respect to this international standard. The δ34S variability encompasses a 3‰ range in ocean ridge basalts and correlations between O34S and radiogenic isotopes demonstrate that S isotopes are tracers of mantle heterogeneities. On the other hand, the mean δ34S of MORB mantle is -0,80 ± 0,38‰, significantly lower than the chondritic value of 0,04 ± 0,31‰. The Pb-S isotope systematic in Pacific Antarctic basalts indicates that recycled oceanic crust bears a positive δ34S. As a corrollary, this result implies that the depleted part of the mantle is even more negative thant the mean MORB value. We propose a δ34S value of -1,40 ± 0,20‰ for this reservoir. In South Atlantic basalts, the δ34S are correlated with Sr isotopes, trends being consistent with recycled sediment feeding the mantle source of these basalts. Taken together, the δ34S variability associated to the Δ33S and Δ36S constancy indicates that the recycled components are a post-archean age, in agreement with independant estimation of their mean age using Pb isotopes. Finally, the negative δ34S of MORB mantle can be reconcilied only with a mantle-core equilibrium, implying an internal origin of sulfur as opposed to a late origin
Croissant, Thomas. "Modélisation numérique de l'impact des grands tremblements de terre sur la dynamique des rivières." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S117/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn mountainous areas, intermediate to large earthquakes (Mw > 6) systematically trigger a large number of landslides supplying the fluvial network with massive volumes of sediment. The progressive evacuation of the sediment out of the epicentral area alters river dynamics and may cause hydro-sedimentary hazards in alluvial plains (river avulsion, inundations, bank erosion, ...). The quantification of sediment transfers is critical to better understand landscape evolution on short timescales (i.e. hours to centuries) and improve hazard management in deposition areas. However, the factors controlling the coarse sediment transfers are still poorly known due to a lack of field measurements and adequate numerical models. The aim of this work is thus to study, via numerical modeling, the parameters influencing landslides evacuation, the transport capacity variations at the gorge/alluvial plain transition and the short-term dynamics and hazards of alluvial fans. This work is set up in the context of the West Coast of New Zealand (NZ) which presents a 50% probability to experience a magnitude 8 earthquake in the next 50 years. This problematic has been addressed analytically and via a numerical approach. Using the analytical approach, we demonstrate that the conservation of long-term transport capacity at the bedrock gorge and alluvial plain transition usually implies the channel narrowing in the alluvial part that is generally realized by a transition to a braided system. We identify discharge variability as the dominant factor of alluvial river long term transport capacity compared to riparian vegetation. To explore the role of channel self-organization on coarse sediment transport, we use Eros, a 2D morphodynamic model able to simulate landscape evolution improved by a new 2D hydrodynamic model. Combined with a sediment transport/deposition model and lateral fluxes modeling (bank erosion and transverse deposition), Eros allows for the emergence of diverse alluvial river regimes and geometries (e.g. straight/sinuous and braided channels) as a function of the external forcing experienced by the river (water and sediment fluxes). The application of Eros on natural cases has required the validation and calibration of its principal parameters using analytical solutions and the morphodynamic reproduction of natural systems such as the evolution of the Poerua river in New Zealand following the Mount Adams landslide. In the downstream part of the catchment, the ensemble numerical simulations demonstrate Eros abilities to 1) efficiently predict the morphodynamic evolution of alluvial fans submitted to different scenarios of large sediment supplies and 2) generate probabilistic risk maps. In the upstream part, the results highlight the dominant role of dynamic river narrowing reducing export times of landslide-derived sediments. We define a new law characterizing export times as a function of landslide volume and pre-landslide transport capacity that predicts mean residence times for a M8 earthquake in a mountain range of 5-30 yr, much lower than previous estimations of ~ 100 yr. The numerical approach developed in this work suggests that the study of mountain ranges response to severe landslide disruption can only be addressed with a 2D model able to account for the non-linearities between river flow, channel geometry and sediment transport. The results allow for a better characterization of landscape dynamics at the scale of a seismic cycle and hydro-sedimentary hazards in the short term
Brito, Daniel. "Approches expérimentales et théoriques de la dynamique du noyau terrestre : tourbillon géostrophique de gallium liquide dans un champ magnétique, anisotropie et rotation de la graine, chemins d'inversion." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077022.
Повний текст джерелаVergassola, Massimo. "Dynamique à grande échelle en turbulence et cosmologie." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4712.
Повний текст джерелаGoldsztejn, Gildas. "Processus de corrélations électroniques dans la photoionisation d'atomes et de molécules en couche profonde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066221/document.
Повний текст джерелаSynchrotron radiation in the tender x-ray energy range (2-13 keV) allows deep core-shell excitation/ionization of atoms and molecules. The electronic states populated have ultrashort lifetimes, in the order of one femtosecond. The atoms will then relax through emission of a photon or an electron. In this thesis, we used electron spectroscopy as a tool to study the different processes implied by the interaction between the matter and highly energetic radiation. In the first part, the lifetime of the excited electronic states is used as an intern clock allowing to measure nuclear dynamics in the sub-femtosecond timescale. The lifetime broadenings of the populated electronic states are large enough so that these states overlap, thus allowing their coherent excitation which may lead to interferences phenomena during the relaxation step. This is the subject of the second part of this work, in which we present a model that allows the extraction of these interference terms. In the last part, we show it is also possible to form multiply excited/ionized electronic states, and that our experimental setup allows to measure their lifetimes, and the disentanglement of the many contributions overlapping in the electron spectra. The Ariadne’s thread of this work is to try to apprehend the different electronic correlation processes following the excitation of the studied system by a highly energetic photon, such as how electrons share the incident excess energy or the angular momentum transferred by the incident photon
Varotsou, Athina. "Utilisation de modèles physiques pour comprendre la dynamique des ceintures de radiation d'électrons de la Terre." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0032.
Повний текст джерелаLacoste, Frédéric. "Modélisation de la dynamique du canal de propagation Terre-Espace dans les bandes Ka et EHF." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0010.
Повний текст джерелаRouby, Hélène. "Grande dérives des pôles de rotation martien et terrestre : influence de la dynamique du manteau." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GLOB0016.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Antoine. "Circulation et transport des masses d'eau sur le plateau Est-Antarctique au large de la Terre Adélie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066188/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study the Antarctic shelf ocean dynamics using in situ observation. We study the circulation of the Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW) on the East Antarctic shelf off Adélie Land presently recognized as the second major source of AntArctic Bottom Water (AABW). The MCDW is a source of heat, salt and nutrients for the Antarctic shelf. Improved knowledge of the circulation of the MCDW and the associated heat transport on the Antarctic shelf is very important to better understand the AABW formation, the role of the oceanic ice shelf, glacier melting and the biological activity. Thanks to the inverse model implemented on the Adélie Land shelf, we propose a comprehensive scheme of the mean circulation in summer 2008 and we estimate the associated heat and freshwater transports through the shelf break and farther on the shelf toward the Mertz Glacier. We present evidences of ocean induced glacial melt involving interaction of the dense shelf water and the MCDW with the glacier. A second part of this work focuses on the variability of the current from the inertial to the seasonal time scale using mooring observations collected in the AD, we show that a strong seasonal cycle exists in the current heading and vertical structure, in agreement with earlier model results, which implies that the seasonal cycle should be properly taken into account to correctly understand shelf-ocean processes in this region
Bouyahiaoui, Boualem. "Structure profonde et réactivation de la marge est-algérienne et du bassin adjacent (secteur d'Annaba), contraintes par sismique réflexion multitrace et grand-angle terre-mer." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4116/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, we determine the deep structure of the eastern Algerian basin and its southern margin in the Annaba region (easternmost Algeria), to better constrain the plate kinematic reconstruction in this region. This study is based on new geophysical data collected during the SPIRAL cruise in 2009 that included a wide-angle, 240-km-long, onshore-offshore seismic profile, multichannel seismic reflection lines, and gravity and magnetic data, which was complemented by the available geophysical data for the study area. The analysis and modeling of the wide-angle seismic data using travel-times and amplitudes, and integrated with the multichannel seismic lines, reveal the detailed structure of an ocean-to-continent transition. In the deep basin, there is an ~5.5-km-thick oceanic crust that is composed of two layers. The upper layer of the crust is defined by a high velocity gradient and P-wave velocities between 4.8 km/s and 6.0 km/s from the top to the bottom. The lower crust is defined by a lower velocity gradient and P-wave velocity between 6.0 km/s and 7.1 km/s. The Poisson ratio in the lower crust deduced from S-wave modeling is 0.28, which indicates that the lower crust is composed mainly of gabbros. Below the continental edge, a typical continental crust with P-wave velocities between 5.2 km/s and 7.0 km/s from the top to the bottom shows a gradual seaward thinning of ~15 km over an ~35-km distance
Nedelcu, Dan Alin. "Modélisation dynamique et spectroscopique des astéroïdes : applications aux géocroiseurs et aux cibles de missions spatiales." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01958541.
Повний текст джерелаThe studies of the minor bodies are crucial in the understanding of the formation and evolution of our Solar System. As the only remnants of the early stages of planetary history they recorded the complex chemical and physical evolution that occured in the solar nebula. Recovering this record requires the knowledge of both dynamical and physical properties of the current minor bodies population. In this framework I have addressed the astrometry of the Near Earth Asteroids (NEA) by proposing a new method of obtaining their positions directly in the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). I have constructed 8 years (2010 - 2018) ephemerides for a set of 836 numbered NEA using a Bulirsch-Stoer numerical integrator. I have then searched for apparent close approaches between NEA and quasars (as quasi-inertial, fiducial points) from Large Quasar Astrometric Catalog (LQAC). I have found a large number of close encounters that could provide by differential astrometry positions of NEAs with an accuracy better than that of the current observations method. This set of optical data together with radar observations can be used in constraining NEA dynamics and possibly revealing more subtle, non-gravitational phenomena as the Yarkovsky effect. This large number of events could also be used as an observational basis to derive the link between de Dynamical Reference Frame realised by the ephemerides of NEAs and ICRF. In preparation of the ESA’s space mission Rosetta I have investigated two of its targets : the asteroids (21) Lutetia and (2867) Steins. Using in remote mode the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) located in Mauna Kea, Hawaii I have obtained near-infrared spectra (0,8 – 2,5 microns) of these two objects. The spectra of (21) Lutetia pointed to a primitive, chondritic composition. The rotational resolved spectroscopy of the surface revealed a spectral variation that is corellated with the rotational phase. This variation that was later confirmed by other investigations was interpreted in terms of the coexistence of several lithologies on the surface. The spectroscopy of (2867) Steins confirmed its taxonomic classification as an E-type asteroid and its belonging to a sub-class of this type that has no spectral analog among the known meteorites. For both asteroids i have performed a mineralogical analysis using laboratory spectra from databases of known minerals and meteoritic materials. In the framework of this PhD thesis I have participated in observational programmes dedicated to the astrometry of NEA and of the optical counterparts of ICRF defining objects - the quasars. I have also obtained near-infrared spectra of asteroids designated as targets of the space missions. I have reduced, analyzed and interpreted the data acquired during these programmes of studying the physical and dynamical properties of asteroids