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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Dynamical balance sheet model"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Dynamical balance sheet model"

Katz, Richard F., and M. Grae Worster. "Stability of ice-sheet grounding lines." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2118 (January 13, 2010): 1597–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0434.

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Recent observations of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet document rapid changes in the mass balance of its component glaciers. These observations raise the question of whether changing climatic conditions have triggered a dynamical instability in the ice-sheet–ice-shelf system. The dynamics of marine ice sheets are sensitive to grounding-line position and variation, characteristics that are poorly captured by most current models. We present a theory for grounding-line dynamics in three spatial dimensions and time. Our theory is based on a balance of forces across the grounding line; it is expressed as a differential equation that is analogous to the canonical Stefan condition. We apply this theory to the question of grounding-line stability under conditions of retrograde bed slope in a suite of calculations with different basal topography. A subset of these have basal topography inspired by the Pine Island glacier, where basal depth varies in both the along-flow and across-flow directions. Our results indicate that unstable retreat of the grounding line over retrograde beds is a robust feature of models that evolve based on force balance at the grounding line. We conclude, based on our simplified model, that unstable grounding-line recession may already be occurring at the Pine Island glacier.

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Matero, Ilkka S. O., Lauren J. Gregoire, and Ruza F. Ivanovic. "Simulating the Early Holocene demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with BISICLES (public trunk revision 3298)." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 4555–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4555-2020.

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Abstract. Simulating the demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet covering Hudson Bay in the Early Holocene (10–7 ka) is important for understanding the role of accelerated changes in ice sheet topography and melt in the 8.2 ka event, a century long cooling of the Northern Hemisphere by several degrees. Freshwater released from the ice sheet through a surface mass balance instability (known as the saddle collapse) has been suggested as a major forcing for the 8.2 ka event, but the temporal evolution of this pulse has not been constrained. Dynamical ice loss and marine interactions could have significantly accelerated the ice sheet demise, but simulating such processes requires computationally expensive models that are difficult to configure and are often impractical for simulating past ice sheets. Here, we developed an ice sheet model setup for studying the Laurentide Ice Sheet's Hudson Bay saddle collapse and the associated meltwater pulse in unprecedented detail using the BISICLES ice sheet model, an efficient marine ice sheet model of the latest generation which is capable of refinement to kilometre-scale resolutions and higher-order ice flow physics. The setup draws on previous efforts to model the deglaciation of the North American Ice Sheet for initialising the ice sheet temperature, recent ice sheet reconstructions for developing the topography of the region and ice sheet, and output from a general circulation model for a representation of the climatic forcing. The modelled deglaciation is in agreement with the reconstructed extent of the ice sheet, and the associated meltwater pulse has realistic timing. Furthermore, the peak magnitude of the modelled meltwater equivalent (0.07–0.13 Sv) is compatible with geological estimates of freshwater discharge through the Hudson Strait. The results demonstrate that while improved representations of the glacial dynamics and marine interactions are key for correctly simulating the pattern of Early Holocene ice sheet retreat, surface mass balance introduces by far the most uncertainty. The new model configuration presented here provides future opportunities to quantify the range of plausible amplitudes and durations of a Hudson Bay ice saddle collapse meltwater pulse and its role in forcing the 8.2 ka event.

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Ritz, Stefan P., Thomas F. Stocker, and Fortunat Joos. "A Coupled Dynamical Ocean–Energy Balance Atmosphere Model for Paleoclimate Studies." Journal of Climate 24, no. 2 (January 15, 2011): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3351.1.

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Abstract The Bern3D coupled three-dimensional dynamical ocean–energy balance atmosphere model is introduced and the atmospheric component is discussed in detail. The model is of reduced complexity, developed to perform extensive sensitivity studies and ensemble simulations extending over several glacial–interglacial cycles. On large space scales, the modern steady state of the model compares well with observations. In a first application, several 800 000-yr simulations with prescribed orbital, greenhouse gas, and ice sheet forcings are performed. The model shows an increase of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation strength at glacial inceptions followed by a decrease throughout the glaciation and ending in a circulation at glacial maxima that is weaker than at present. The sensitivity of ocean temperature to atmospheric temperature, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and Antarctic bottom water (AABW) strength is analyzed at 23 locations. In a second application the climate sensitivities of the modern and of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) state are compared. The temperature rise for a doubling of the CO2 concentration from LGM conditions is 4.3°C and thus notably larger than in the modern case (3°C). The relaxation time scale is strongly dependent on the response of AABW to the CO2 change, since it determines the ventilation of the deep Pacific and Indian Ocean.

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Gillet-Chaulet, F., O. Gagliardini, H. Seddik, M. Nodet, G. Durand, C. Ritz, T. Zwinger, R. Greve, and D. G. Vaughan. "Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea-level rise from a new-generation ice-sheet model." Cryosphere 6, no. 6 (December 21, 2012): 1561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1561-2012.

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Abstract. Over the last two decades, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass at an increasing rate, enhancing its contribution to sea-level rise (SLR). The recent increases in ice loss appear to be due to changes in both the surface mass balance of the ice sheet and ice discharge (ice flux to the ocean). Rapid ice flow directly affects the discharge, but also alters ice-sheet geometry and so affects climate and surface mass balance. Present-day ice-sheet models only represent rapid ice flow in an approximate fashion and, as a consequence, have never explicitly addressed the role of ice discharge on the total GrIS mass balance, especially at the scale of individual outlet glaciers. Here, we present a new-generation prognostic ice-sheet model which reproduces the current patterns of rapid ice flow. This requires three essential developments: the complete solution of the full system of equations governing ice deformation; a variable resolution unstructured mesh to resolve outlet glaciers and the use of inverse methods to better constrain poorly known parameters using observations. The modelled ice discharge is in good agreement with observations on the continental scale and for individual outlets. From this initial state, we investigate possible bounds for the next century ice-sheet mass loss. We run sensitivity experiments of the GrIS dynamical response to perturbations in climate and basal lubrication, assuming a fixed position of the marine termini. We find that increasing ablation tends to reduce outflow and thus decreases the ice-sheet imbalance. In our experiments, the GrIS initial mass (im)balance is preserved throughout the whole century in the absence of reinforced forcing, allowing us to estimate a lower bound of 75 mm for the GrIS contribution to SLR by 2100. In one experiment, we show that the current increase in the rate of ice loss can be reproduced and maintained throughout the whole century. However, this requires a very unlikely perturbation of basal lubrication. From this result we are able to estimate an upper bound of 140 mm from dynamics only for the GrIS contribution to SLR by 2100.

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Gandy, Niall, Lauren J. Gregoire, Jeremy C. Ely, Christopher D. Clark, David M. Hodgson, Victoria Lee, Tom Bradwell, and Ruza F. Ivanovic. "Marine ice sheet instability and ice shelf buttressing of the Minch Ice Stream, northwest Scotland." Cryosphere 12, no. 11 (November 23, 2018): 3635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3635-2018.

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Abstract. Uncertainties in future sea level projections are dominated by our limited understanding of the dynamical processes that control instabilities of marine ice sheets. The last deglaciation of the British–Irish Ice Sheet offers a valuable example to examine these processes. The Minch Ice Stream, which drained a large proportion of ice from the northwest sector of the British–Irish Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation, is constrained with abundant empirical data which can be used to inform, validate, and analyse numerical ice sheet simulations. We use BISICLES, a higher-order ice sheet model, to examine the dynamical processes that controlled the retreat of the Minch Ice Stream. We perform simplified experiments of the retreat of this ice stream under an idealised climate forcing to isolate the effect of marine ice sheet processes, simulating retreat from the continental shelf under constant “warm” surface mass balance and sub-ice-shelf melt. The model simulates a slowdown of retreat as the ice stream becomes laterally confined at the mouth of the Minch strait between mainland Scotland and the Isle of Lewis, resulting in a marine setting similar to many large tidewater glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica. At this stage of the simulation, the presence of an ice shelf becomes a more important control on grounded ice volume, providing buttressing to upstream ice. Subsequently, the presence of a reverse slope inside the Minch strait produces an acceleration in retreat, leading to a “collapsed” state, even when the climate returns to the initial “cold” conditions. Our simulations demonstrate the importance of the marine ice sheet instability and ice shelf buttressing during the deglaciation of parts of the British–Irish Ice Sheet. We conclude that geological data could be applied to further constrain these processes in ice sheet models used for projecting the future of contemporary ice sheets.

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Kuipers Munneke, P., S. R. M. Ligtenberg, B. P. Y. Noël, I. M. Howat, J. E. Box, E. Mosley-Thompson, J. R. McConnell, et al. "Elevation change of the Greenland ice sheet due to surface mass balance and firn processes, 1960–2013." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 3541–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-3541-2015.

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Abstract. Observed changes in the surface elevation of the Greenland ice sheet are caused by ice dynamics, basal elevation change, surface mass balance (SMB) variability, and by compaction of the overlying firn. The latter two contributions are quantified here using a firn model that includes compaction, meltwater percolation, and refreezing. The model is forced with surface mass fluxes and temperature from a regional climate model for the period 1960–2013. The model results agree with observations of surface density, density profiles from 62 firn cores, and altimetric observations from regions where ice-dynamical surface height changes are likely small. We find that the firn layer in the high interior is generally thickening slowly (1–5 cm yr−1). In the percolation and ablation areas, firn and SMB processes account for a surface elevation lowering of up to 20–50 cm yr−1. Most of this firn-induced marginal thinning is caused by an increase in melt since the mid-1990s, and partly compensated by an increase in the accumulation of fresh snow around most of the ice sheet. The total firn and ice volume change between 1980 and 2013 is estimated at −3900 ± 1030 km3 due to firn and SMB, corresponding to an ice-sheet average thinning of 2.32 ± 0.61 m. Most of this volume decrease occurred after 1995. The computed changes in surface elevation can be used to partition altimetrically observed volume change into surface mass balance and ice-dynamically related mass changes.

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Xie, Zhiang, Dietmar Dommenget, Felicity S. McCormack, and Andrew N. Mackintosh. "GREB-ISM v1.0: A coupled ice sheet model for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance model for global simulations on timescales of 100 kyr." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 9 (May 10, 2022): 3691–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3691-2022.

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Abstract. We introduce a newly developed global ice sheet model coupled to the Globally Resolved Energy Balance (GREB) climate model for the simulation of global ice sheet evolution on timescales of 100 kyr or longer (GREB-ISM v1.0). Ice sheets and ice shelves are simulated on a global grid, fully interacting with the climate simulation of surface temperature, precipitation, albedo, land–sea mask, topography and sea level. Thus, it is a fully coupled atmosphere, ocean, land and ice sheet model. We test the model in ice sheet stand-alone and fully coupled simulations. The ice sheet model dynamics behave similarly to other hybrid SIA (shallow ice approximation) and SSA (shallow shelf approximation) models, but the West Antarctic Ice Sheet accumulates too much ice using present-day boundary conditions. The coupled model simulations produce global equilibrium ice sheet volumes and calving rates like those observed for present-day boundary conditions. We designed a series of idealized experiments driven by oscillating solar radiation forcing on periods of 20, 50 and 100 kyr in the Northern Hemisphere. These simulations show clear interactions between the climate system and ice sheets, resulting in slow buildup and fast decay of ice-covered areas and global ice volume. The results also show that Northern Hemisphere ice sheets respond more strongly to timescales longer than 100 kyr. The coupling to the atmosphere and sea level leads to climate interactions between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The model can run global simulations of 100 kyr d−1 on a desktop computer, allowing the simulation of the whole Quaternary period (2.6 Myr) within 1 month.

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Helsen, M. M., R. S. W. van de Wal, M. R. van den Broeke, W. J. van de Berg, and J. Oerlemans. "Towards direct coupling of regional climate models and ice sheet models by mass balance gradients: application to the Greenland Ice Sheet." Cryosphere Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 12, 2011): 2115–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-5-2115-2011.

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Abstract. It is notoriously difficult to couple surface mass balance (SMB) results from climate models to the changing geometry of an ice sheet model. This problem is traditionally avoided by using only accumulation fields from a climate model, and deriving SMB by parameterizing the run-off as a function of temperature, which is often related to surface elevation. In this study, a new parameterization of SMB is presented, designed for use in ice dynamical models to allow a direct adjustment of SMB as a result of a change in elevation (Hs) or a change in climate forcing. This method is based on spatial gradients in the present-day SMB field as computed by a regional climate model. Separate linear relations are derived for ablation and accumulation regimes, using only those pairs of Hs an SMB that are found within a minimum search radius. This approach enables a dynamic SMB forcing of ice sheet models, also for initially non-glaciated areas in the peripheral areas of an ice sheet, and circumvents traditional temperature lapse rate assumptions. The method is applied to the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Model experiments using both steady-state forcing and more realistic glacial-interglacial forcing result in ice sheet reconstructions and behavior that compare favorably with present-day observations of ice thickness.

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Kuipers Munneke, P., S. R. M. Ligtenberg, B. P. Y. Noël, I. M. Howat, J. E. Box, E. Mosley-Thompson, J. R. McConnell, et al. "Elevation change of the Greenland Ice Sheet due to surface mass balance and firn processes, 1960–2014." Cryosphere 9, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 2009–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2009-2015.

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Abstract. Observed changes in the surface elevation of the Greenland Ice Sheet are caused by ice dynamics, basal elevation change, basal melt, surface mass balance (SMB) variability, and by compaction of the overlying firn. The last two contributions are quantified here using a firn model that includes compaction, meltwater percolation, and refreezing. The model is forced with surface mass fluxes and temperature from a regional climate model for the period 1960–2014. The model results agree with observations of surface density, density profiles from 62 firn cores, and altimetric observations from regions where ice-dynamical surface height changes are likely small. In areas with strong surface melt, the firn model overestimates density. We find that the firn layer in the high interior is generally thickening slowly (1–5 cm yr−1). In the percolation and ablation areas, firn and SMB processes account for a surface elevation lowering of up to 20–50 cm yr−1. Most of this firn-induced marginal thinning is caused by an increase in melt since the mid-1990s and partly compensated by an increase in the accumulation of fresh snow around most of the ice sheet. The total firn and ice volume change between 1980 and 2014 is estimated at −3295 ± 1030 km3 due to firn and SMB changes, corresponding to an ice-sheet average thinning of 1.96 ± 0.61 m. Most of this volume decrease occurred after 1995. The computed changes in surface elevation can be used to partition altimetrically observed volume change into surface mass balance and ice-dynamically related mass changes.

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Hinck, Sebastian, Evan J. Gowan, Xu Zhang, and Gerrit Lohmann. "PISM-LakeCC: Implementing an adaptive proglacial lake boundary in an ice sheet model." Cryosphere 16, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 941–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-941-2022.

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Abstract. During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene retreat of paleo-ice sheets in North America and Europe, vast proglacial lakes existed along the land terminating margins. These proglacial lakes impacted ice sheet dynamics by imposing boundary conditions analogous to a marine terminating margin. Such lacustrine boundary conditions cause changes in the ice sheet geometry, stress balance and frontal ablation and therefore affect the mass balance of the entire ice sheet. Despite this, dynamically evolving proglacial lakes have rarely been considered in detail in ice sheet modeling endeavors. In this study, we describe the implementation of an adaptive lake boundary in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), which we call PISM-LakeCC. We test our model with a simplified glacial retreat setup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). By comparing the experiments with lakes to control runs with no lakes, we show that the presence of proglacial lakes locally enhances the ice flow, which leads to a lowering of the ice sheet surface. In some cases, this also results in an advance of the ice margin and the emergence of ice lobes. In the warming climate, increased melting on the lowered ice surface drives the glacial retreat. For the LIS, the presence of lakes triggers a process similar to marine ice sheet instability, which caused the collapse of the ice saddle over Hudson Bay. In the control experiments without lakes, Hudson Bay is still glaciated when the climate reaches present-day (PD) conditions. The results of our study demonstrate that glacio-lacustrine interactions play a significant role in the retreat of land terminating ice sheet margins.

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Дисертації з теми "Dynamical balance sheet model"

Vernon, Christopher L. "Surface mass balance model intercomparison for the Greenland ice sheet." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633454.

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our simulations of the surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are compared over the period 1960-2008. Three use a regional climate model to downscale ECMWF reanalysis (ERA-40) and operational analysis data, while the fourth uses the same inputs but an empirical downscaling approach and melt model. These reconstructions have been used in a variety of applications but prior to this study little was known about their consistency with each other and the impact of the downscaling method on the result. The reconstructions are compared to assess the consistency in regional, seasonal and integrated 5MB components and evaluated against a suite of observational data. Three key areas of difference between the models have been identified. Firstly differences in how the ERA-40 reanalysis data are downscaled by the models. Secondly differences in how the 5MB components are calculated. And thirdly differences in the domain, the ice sheet mask used. Total 5MB estimates for the GrIS are in agreement within 34% of the four-model average when a common ice sheet mask is used. When models' native land/ice/sea masks are used this spread increases to 57%. The components of 5MB, with the exception of refreeze, show a similar level of agreement once a common mask is used. Previously noted differences in the models I estimates are partially explained by ice sheet mask differences. Agreement is higher (18% spread) in the accumulation area than the ablation area (38% spread) suggesting relatively high uncertainty in the estimation of ablation processes. Regionally there is less agreement, suggesting spatially compensating errors improve the integrated estimates. Modelled 5MB estimates are compared with in situ observations, gravimetric observations from GRACE and altimetry observations from ICESat. Through the use of a surface density and firn compaction model individual components of 5MB are, indirectly, able to be evaluated against altimetry observation.

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Fettweis, Xavier. "Reconstruction of the 1979-2005 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using satellite data and the regional climate model MAR." Université catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-08162006-183525/.

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In order to improve our knowledge on the current state and variability of the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB), a 27-year simulation (1979-2005) has been performed with the coupled atmosphere-snow regional model MAR. This simulation reveals an increase in the main factors of the SMB which are, on the one hand, the snowfall (+ 1.6 ± 1.8 km3 yr-1) in winter and on the other hand, the run-off (+ 4.2 ± 1.9 km3 yr-1) in summer. The net effect of these two competing factors leads to a SMB loss rate of – 2.7 ± 3.0 km3 yr-1, which has a significance of 87%. The melt extent derived from the passive microwave satellite data since 1979 also shows this trend. The melt water supply has increased because the Greenland ice sheet has been warming up by + 0.09 ± 0.04 °C yr-1 since 1979. This warming comes from a uniform increase of downward infra-red radiation which can not be explained by the natural variability. These changes result very likely from the global warming induced by human activities. As a result, it seems that: i) increased melting dominates over increased accumulation in a warming scenario, ii) the Greenland ice sheet has been significantly losing mass since the beginning of the 1980's by an increasing melt water run-off as well as by a probable increase of iceberg discharge into the ocean due to the "Zwally effect" (the melt water-induced ice sheet flow acceleration) and iii) the Greenland ice sheet is projected to continue to lose mass in the future. The Greenland ice sheet melting could have an effect on the stability of the thermohaline circulation (THC) and the global sea level rise. On the one hand, increases in the freshwater flux from the Greenland ice sheet (glacier discharge and run-off) could perturb the THC by reducing the density contrast driving it. On the other hand, the melting of the whole Greenland ice sheet would account for a global mean sea level rise of 7.4 m.

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Bemmann, Martin. "Entwicklung und Validierung eines stochastischen Simulationsmodells für die Prognose von Unternehmensinsolvenzen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1187993769212-59699.

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Die zentralen Fragestellungen der Arbeit sind, wie die Insolvenzwahrscheinlichkeiten von Unternehmen prognostiziert und wie sie durch zielgerichtetes Handeln beeinflusst werden können. Hierzu gibt der Autor zunächst einen ausführlichen Überblick über die derzeit in Wissenschaft und Praxis verwendeten Ansätze zur Prognose von Unternehmensinsolvenzen, Schätzgütemaßen von Insolvenzprognosen sowie Datenquellen, die für die Prognose von Unternehmensinsolvenzen zur Verfügung stehen. Anschließend entwickelt er ein kausales Unternehmensmodell, das er mit stochastischen Simulationsverfahren analysiert. Das Modell wird validiert und mit Benchmarkverfahren verglichen. Abschließend zeigt der Autor, wie das Modell zur Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen zur Beeinflussung der individuellen Insolvenzwahrscheinlichkeit von Unternehmen herangezogen werden kann.

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Bemmann, Martin. "Entwicklung und Validierung eines stochastischen Simulationsmodells für die Prognose von Unternehmensinsolvenzen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24796.

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de, Sauvage Vercour Héloïse. "Analysis and comparison of capital allocation techniques in an insurance context." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122863.

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Companiesissuing insurance cover, in return for insurance premiums, face the payments ofclaims occurring according to a loss distribution. Hence, capital must be heldby the companies so that they can guarantee the fulfilment of the claims ofeach line of insurance. The increased incidence of insurance insolvencymotivates the birth of new legislations as the European Solvency II Directive.Companies have to determine the required amount of capital and the optimalcapital allocation across the different lines of insurance in order to keep therisk of insolvency at an adequate level. The capital allocation problem may betreated in different ways, starting from the insurance company balance sheet.Here, the running process and efficiency of four methods are evaluated andcompared so as to point out the characteristics of each of the methods. TheValue-at-Risk technique is straightforward and can be easily generated for anyloss distribution. The insolvency put option principle is easily implementableand is sensitive to the degree of default. The capital asset pricing model isone of the oldest reliable methods and still provides very helpful intermediateresults. The Myers and Read marginal capital allocation approach encouragesdiversification and introduces the concept of default value. Applications ofthe four methods to some fictive and real insurance companies are provided. Thethesis further analyses the sensitivity of those methods to changes in the economiccontext and comments how insurance companies can anticipate those changes.

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Sedláčková, Andrea. "Tvorba modelu finančního řízení subdodávek v rámci stavební zakázky s vlivem na hospodaření stavebního podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227434.

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This thesis deals with the issue of subcontracting model of financial management and its impact on the economy of the construction enterprise. The aim of this work is to set up management of the building contract from the financial management of subcontracts with influence on the overall management of construction enterprise. The output of this work is a model that will point to the financial management of construction contracts regard to the management of construction enterprise.

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Byrtusová, Lucie. "Podnikatelský plan pro založení cateringové firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319171.

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The thesis deals with the elaboration of a business plan for setting up a catering company. In the theoretical part is described the theoretical starting points, which is further used to develop the business plan. The practical part is an analysis of the current market situation, business plan and financial plan.

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Milic, Katarina, and Rebecka Pettersson. "IFRS 15 Intäkter från avtal med kunder : En undersökning om hur företagens affärsmodeller påverkar intäktsredovisningen under IFRS 15." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39230.

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In the late 1990s and early 2000s several revenue recognition scandals arose, which led to a discussion about the need for a new principle-based standard with a balance sheet-based approach for revenue recognition. On 1st of January 2018 IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers became effective and replaced all previous revenue recognition standards and interpretations. All companies are expected to be affected regarding when and how much the company reports its revenue, though the scope may vary from one company to another. This study aims to investigate how the application of IFRS 15 has impacted companies based on the business models they apply in their customer agreements. To operationalize the purpose of the study a quantitative method was adopted to gather the empirical data, which have been obtained from the companies’ annual reports. An enumeration was implemented, why all listed companies on Nasdaq Stockholm which are required to implement IFRS 15 have been studied. The results indicate that a minority of the companies have showed an impact and most of the companies have not been impacted after an implementation of the new revenue recognition standard. The study has identified that the reason why companies are affected by IFRS 15 depends on the business models’ companies apply in their customer agreements. The minority of companies that have been affected by IFRS 15 are the ones which have developed business models that includes complex customer contracts, i.e. customer contracts consisting of complex commitments and promises of goods and services to customers. Accordingly, the majority of the studied companies uses business models with non-complex customer contracts in their customer agreements, e.g. simple sale of only one good, hence their revenue recognition under IFRS 15 does not differ from previous accounting standards.

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Malinová, Lenka. "Hodnocení výkonnosti podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223742.

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Diplomová práce se věnuje hodnocení výkonnosti podniku v letech 2007-2011. Za použití různých metod analýzy firmy a vhodných metod finanční analýzy je hodnocena výkonnost a finanční zdraví podniku. Výsledkem práce bude návrh možného postupu pro budoucí strategii.

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Křemečková, Tereza. "Ekonomická a strategická analýza Vinařství LAHOFER, a.s a návrhy na zlepšení zjištěného stavu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241318.

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This Diploma´s thesis deals with complete analysis of company Vinařství LAHOFER, a.s. The thesis includes analyses of SLEPTE, Porter ´s five forces model, fundamental analysis, Kralicek ´s Quick test, chosen indexes of finance analysis and SWOT analysis. On the basis of these analyses have been processed some suggested recommendations, which could improve the current situation of the company.

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Книги з теми "Dynamical balance sheet model"

Pratap, Sangeeta. Firm dynamics, investment, and debt portfolio: Balance sheet effects of the mexican crisis of 1994. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Pratap, Sangeeta. Firm dynamics, investment, and debt portfolio: Balance sheet effects of the Mexican crisis of 1994. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Mora, Camilo Ernesto Tovar. The mechanics of devaluations and the output response in a DSGE model: How relevant is the balance sheet effect? Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements, 2005.

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Yamagishi, Takateru. Taiki dai junkan moderu to 3-jigen hyōshō moderu o mochiita hyōki kita hankyū hyōshōjō no hyōmen shitsuryō shushi ni kansuru kenkyū: A numerical study of surface mass balance on the Northern Hemisphere ice sheet during Ice Age by atmospheric general circulation model and 3-D ice sheet model. Tokyo]: Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, 2009.

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Vasil'eva, Natal'ya. Mathematical models in the management of copper production: ideas, methods, examples. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014071.

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Presents the current status in modelling of metallurgical processes considered by the model the mathematical model used in the description of the processes of copper production and their classification. Set out a system of methods and models in the field of mathematical modeling of technological processes, including balance sheet, statistics, optimization models, forecasting models and predictive models. For specific technological processes are developed: the model of the balance of the cycle of pyrometallurgical production of copper, polynomial model for prediction of matte composition on the basis of the passive experiment, predictive model of quantitative estimation of the copper content in the matte based on fuzzy logic. Of interest to students, postgraduates, teachers of technical universities, engineers and research workers who use mathematical methods for processing of data of laboratory and industrial experiments.

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Benes, Jaromir, Andrew Berg, Rafael Portillo, and David Vavra. Modelling Sterilized Interventions and Balance Sheet Effects of Monetary Policy in a New Keynesian Framework. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0013.

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The authors study a wide range of hybrid inflation-targeting (IT) and managed exchange rate regimes, analysing their implications for inflation, output and the exchange rate in the presence of various domestic and external shocks. To this end, the chapter presents an open economy New Keynesian model featuring sterilized interventions in the foreign exchange (FX) market as an additional central bank instrument operating alongside the Taylor rule, and affecting the economy through portfolio balance sheet effects in the financial sector. The chapter shows that there can be advantages to combining IT with some degree of exchange rate management via FX interventions. Unlike ‘pure’ IT or exchange rate management via interest rates, FX interventions can help insulate the economy against certain shocks, especially shocks to international financial conditions. However, managing the exchange rate through FX interventions may also hinder necessary exchange rate adjustments, e.g., in the presence of terms of trade shocks.

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Krishnamurti, T. N., H. S. Bedi, and V. M. Hardiker. An Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094732.001.0001.

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This book is an indispensable guide to the methods used by nearly all major weather forecast centers in the United States, England, Japan, India, France, and Australia. Designed for senior-level undergraduates and first-year graduate students, the book provides an introduction to global spectral modeling. It begins with an introduction to elementary finite-difference methods and moves on towards the gradual description of sophisticated dynamical and physical models in spherical coordinates. Topics include computational aspects of the spectral transform method, the planetary boundary layer physics, the physics of precipitation processes in large-scale models, the radiative transfer including effects of diagnostic clouds and diurnal cycle, the surface energy balance over land and ocean, and the treatment of mountains. The discussion of model initialization includes the treatment of normal modes and physical processes, and the concluding chapter covers the spectral energetics as a diagnostic tool for model evaluation.

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Banal-Estanol, Albert, Enrique Benito, and Dmitry Khametshin. Asset Encumbrance and CDS Premia of European Banks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0021.

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Asset encumbrance refers to the existence of bank balance sheet assets being subject to arrangements that restrict the bank’s ability to freely transfer or realize them. Asset encumbrance has recently become a much discussed subject and policymakers have been actively addressing what some consider to be excessive levels of asset encumbrance. Despite its importance, the phenomenon of asset encumbrance remains poorly understood. We build a novel data set of asset encumbrance metrics based on information provided in the banks’ public disclosures for the very first time throughout 2015. We provide descriptive evidence of asset encumbrance levels by country, credit quality, size, and business model, using different encumbrance metrics. Our empirical results point to the existence of an association between CDS premia and asset encumbrance that is negative, not positive. That is, on average, encumbrance is perceived to be beneficial. Still, certain bank-level variables play a mediating role in this relationship. For banks that have high exposures to the central bank, high leverage ratios, and/or are located in southern Europe, asset encumbrance is less beneficial and could even be detrimental in absolute terms.

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Частини книг з теми "Dynamical balance sheet model"

Koene, J. "Some Experiences with a Bank Balance Sheet Model." In Operations Research Proceedings, 101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70457-4_21.

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Shucheng, Liu. "“Commodity-Currency” balance sheet and the mathematical model." In Chinese Macroeconomic Operation, 1–13. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: China perspectives series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315708454-1.

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Morris, Anthony C. "The Bi-Currency Balance Sheet Model of Latent Currency Risk." In Risk Management: The State of the Art, 145–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0791-8_12.

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Michnik, Jerzy, and Tadeusz Trzaskalik. "Linear Goal Programming Model for Managing Balance Sheet of a Commercial Bank." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 661–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59132-7_71.

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Zhang, Li, Lu Wang, and Jianping Zhang. "A Computer Auditing Model of the Balance Sheet Parallel Simulation Based On Data Mining." In Computational Risk Management, 567–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18387-4_62.

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Lubinska, Beata. "Balance Sheet Shaping Through Decision Model and the Role of the Funds Transfer Pricing Process." In Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Finance, 183–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54885-2_17.

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Duffy, Christopher J. "Semi-discrete dynamical model for mountain-front recharge and water balance estimation, Rio Grande of southern Colorado and New Mexico." In Groundwater Recharge in a Desert Environment: The Southwestern United States, 255–71. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/009wsa14.

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Deca, Ligia, and Robert Harmsen. "Taking Stock of the Bologna Process at 20: The Possibilities and Limits of Soft Law Governance." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 417–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_26.

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Abstract The Bologna Process stands as both an exemplar of regional cooperation in the higher education policy sector and as a comparatively successful instance of the use of so-called ‘soft law governance’ policy instruments. While the formal launch of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) in 2010 represents a significant milestone in the process, it nevertheless left many politically sensitive questions unanswered. Today, as this pan-European process now marks two decades of existence, many of the questions concerned with the direction and purpose of the process are being addressed with increasing urgency. Against this background, the present paper specifically focuses on recent debates surrounding the (non-)implementation of key commitments; on the functioning of the EHEA as a policy forum in relation to both its own membership and the wider international higher education policy landscape; and on the manner in which the EHEA may respond to increasingly serious challenges to the fundamental values that underpin the process. The authors draw on both the substantial body of scholarship that has emerged on the process and practitioner insights to examine its past achievements and current challenges, while having in mind the specificity of the EHEA as a policy process in a complex European context. Finally, the paper underlines the need for a more nuanced understanding of the EHEA governance model, based on an overall balance sheet that suggests the likely direction(s) of the process going forward.

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Humphrey, Chris. "Follow the Money." In Financing the Future, 26–50. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192871503.003.0002.

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Abstract The chapter begins by reviewing the MDB financial model and explaining the implications of this model in MDB operations, building on literature considering the role of resource dependence in international organizations. The goal is to illustrate how financial pressures are a key driver shaping MDB behavior, one that is “hidden” from most observers due to the lack of familiarity with the MDB financial model. Demystifying key concepts and looking underneath the financial jargon reveals the inherently political nature of the trade-offs and decisions posed by the MDB financial model. The chapter explores how financial dynamics play out in practice across the range of MDBs in three key areas matching up with the three components of a balance sheet: capital structure and net income (equity), how MDBs obtain funding from external sources (liabilities), and how the demand for an MDB’s loans by borrowers (assets) is influenced by its operational policies and processes.

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Bindseil, Ulrich. "Early Central Banks’ Economics and Balance Sheets." In Central Banking before 1800, 155–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849995.003.0007.

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This chapter summarizes the roles of the various central bank operations in the pre-1800 world, what one can conclude on the overall economics and business model of early central banking, and what this implies in terms of overall balance sheet and risk management approach. The ‘alchemical quest’ of early central banking included in particular the universal challenge of bank balance sheet management to achieve significant liquidity, maturity, and credit transformation while preserving bank funding stability also in future stress situations at a high level of confidence. Section 6.1 reviews again in one context the key balance sheet positions of early central banks and the associated economic functions and market operations. Section 6.2 systematically compares the operations of the major early central banks and reviews their balance sheet structures and relative sizes.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Dynamical balance sheet model"

Boutana, Ilhem, and Mohamed Rachid Mekideche. "Finite element model analyzing dynamical behavior of sheet electromagnetic forming." In 2009 6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd.2009.4956684.

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Darakananda, Darwin, Jeff Eldredge, Tim Colonius, and David R. Williams. "A Vortex Sheet/Point Vortex Dynamical Model For Unsteady Separated Flows." In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-2072.

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Sengupta, Sudip. "Breaking of relativistically intense longitudinal space charge waves: A description using Dawson sheet model." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPLEX PROCESSES IN PLASMAS AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4865357.

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Li, Yongchen, and Jiahui Guo. "Research on Capital Structure under Ideal Balance Sheet Model-A Case Study of Shipbuilding Industry." In 2017 International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceemr-17.2017.84.

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Yotsutani, Shoji, Tohru Tsujikawa, Masaharu Nagayama, Kousuke Kuto, and Tatsuki Mori. "Global bifurcation sheet and diagrams of wave-pinning in a reaction-diffusion model for cell polarization." In The 10th AIMS Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications (Madrid, Spain). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/proc.2015.0861.

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Aubin, N., B. Augier, P. Bot, F. Hauville, M. Sacher, and R. G. J. Flay. "Wind tunnel investigation of dynamic trimming on upwind sail aerodynamics." In SNAME 22nd Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2016-009.

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An experiment was developed at the Yacht research Unit’s Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel (University of Auckland) to test the effect of dynamic trimming on three 60 IMOCA inspired main sails models in upwind configuration. This study presents dynamic fluid structure interaction results in well controlled conditions (wind, sheet length) with a dynamic trimming system. First the optimum optimization target CFobj coefficient with a steady trim for AWA = 60 degrees using the car traveler position and main sail sheet length is located. Oscillation are then done around this optimum value using the main sheet length Lsheet oscillation. Different oscillation amplitudes and frequencies of trimming are investigated. Measurements are done with a 6 components force balance and a load sensor giving access to the unsteady main sail sheet load. The driving CFx and optimization target CFobj coefficient first decrease at low reduced frequency fr for quasi-steady state then increase, becoming higher than the steady state situation. The driving force CFx and the optimization target coefficient CFobj show an optimum for the three different design sail shapes located at fr = 0:255. This optimum is linked to the power transmitted to the rig and sail system by the trimming device. The effect of the camber of the design shape is investigated too. The flat mainsail design benefits more than the other mainsail designs from the dynamic trimming compared to their respective steady situation. This study presents dynamic results that cannot be accurately predicted with a steady approach. These results are therefore valuable for future FSI numerical tools validation in unsteady conditions.

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Saaibi, Ana Maria, Isaac Chang, Min-Sig Hwang, and Malisa Sarntinoranont. "Comparison Between Isotropic and Anisotropic Electrical Properties of a DTI-Based Cardiac Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193049.

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Cardiac function is influenced by the three-dimensional organization of the myocardial fibers. Cardiac fibers are arranged in a circumferential, longitudinal, and a sheet-like fashion, forming counter-wound helices from the base to the apex of the heart. This fiber organization is responsible for the delicate balance between mechanical and electrical functioning of the heart. When electrical disruption of this coordinated function occurs, this is associated with cardiac arrhythmias which may lead to more serious conditions like ventricular fibrillation.

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Shahab, Shima, and Alper Erturk. "Underwater Dynamic Actuation of Macro-Fiber Composite Flaps With Different Aspect Ratios: Electrohydroelastic Modeling, Testing, and Characterization." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7538.

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Macro-fiber composite (MFC) actuators offer simple and scalable design, robustness, noiseless performance, strong electromechanical coupling, and particularly a balance between the actuation force and deformation capabilities, which is essential to effective and agile biomimetic locomotion. Recent efforts in our lab have shown that MFC bimorphs with polyester electrode sheets can successfully be employed for fish-like aquatic locomotion in both tethered and untethered operation. MFC swimmers can outperform other smart material-based counterparts, such as the compliant ionic polymer-metal composite based swimmers, in terms of swimming speed per body length. Cantilevered flaps made of MFC bimorphs with different aspect ratios can be employed for underwater actuation, sensing, and power generation, among other aquatic applications of direct and converse piezoelectric effects. In an effort to develop linearized electrohydroelastic models for such cantilevers, the present work investigates MFC bimorphs with three different aspect ratios. The MFCs used in this study use the 33-mode of piezoelectricity with interdigitated electrodes. Underwater dynamic actuation frequency response functions (FRFs) of the MFCs are defined as the tip velocity per actuation voltage (tip velocity FRF) and current consumption per actuation voltage (admittance FRF). The tip velocity and admittance FRFs are modeled analytically for in-air actuation and validated experimentally for all aspect ratios. Underwater tip velocity and admittance FRFs are then derived by combining their in-air counterparts with corrected hydrodynamic functions. The corrected hydrodynamic functions are also identified from aluminum cantilevers of similar aspect ratios. Both tip vibration and current consumption per voltage input are explored. The failure of Sader’s hydrodynamic function for low length-to-width aspect ratios is shown. Very good correlation is observed between model simulations and experimental measurements using aspect ratio-dependent, corrected hydrodynamic function.

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Di Palma, Nicolas, Adrien Martin, Fabrice Thouverez, and Vivien Courtier. "Nonlinear Harmonic Analysis of a Blade Model Subjected to Large Geometrical Deflection and Internal Resonance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91213.

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Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of the nonlinear harmonic response of an industrial blade model subjected to large geometrical deflection. A reduction procedure is performed on the blade model using the linear normal modes of the structure. Geometrical nonlinear effects are taken into account by considering cubic and quadratic stiffnesses in the dynamical reduced model. Reduced nonlinear stiffness coefficients are computed with the STiffness Evaluation Procedure (STEP) and periodic solutions are sought using the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) coupled to a pseudo-arclength continuation. Along with the harmonic response, a bifurcation analysis is performed to compute both turning and branching points. Specific attention is paid to the internal resonance phenomenon. 2 to 1 internal resonance occurred during the frequency response analysis close to the first and second modes of the reduced model. Mode coupling phenomena occurred during the harmonic analysis and secondary branches of solutions were obtained from branching point bifurcations.

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Hernández, Alfredo, Oscar E. Bautista, Eric G. Bautista, and Jose C. Arcos. "Effect of Pressure-Dependent Viscosity on the Exiting Sheet Thickness in the Calendering of Newtonian Fluids." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87725.

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A theoretical model was developed to describe the calendering process in Newtonian sheets of finite initial thickness taking into account that the viscosity of the fluid is a well-defined function of the pressure. We predict the influence of the pressure effects on the leave-off distance that is related to the exiting sheet thickness in the calendering process. The mass and momentum balance equations, which are based on lubrication theory, were nondimensionalized and solved for the velocity and pressure fields by using perturbation techniques, where the leave-off distance represents an eigenvalue of the mathematical problem. When the above variables were obtained, the dimensionless leave-off distance in the calendering process was determined. Moreover, quantities of engineering interest were calculated, including the maximum pressure, the roll-separating force and the power transmitted to the fluid by the rolls. The analytical results show that the inclusion of pressure-dependent viscosity effect increases about 3.37 percent the dimensionless exiting sheet thickness or 9.4 percent the leave-off distance in comparison with the case of pressure-independent viscosity.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Dynamical balance sheet model"

Gelain, Paolo, and Marco Lorusso. The US banks’ balance sheet transmission channel of oil price shocks. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202233.

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We document the existence of a quantitative relevant banks' balance-sheet transmission channel of oil price shocks by estimating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with banking and oil sectors. The associated amplification mechanism implies that those shocks explain a non-negligible share of US GDP growth fluctuations, up to 17 percent, instead of 6 percent absent the banking sector. Also, they mitigated the severity of the Great Recession’s trough. GDP growth would have been 2.48 percentage points more negative in 2008Q4 without the beneficial effect of low oil prices. The estimate without the banking sector is only 1.30 percentage points.

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Buchak, Greg, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski, and Amit Seru. Beyond the Balance Sheet Model of Banking: Implications for Bank Regulation and Monetary Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25149.

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Carrasco, Alex, and David Florián Hoyle. External Shocks and FX Intervention Policy in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003457.

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This paper discusses the role of sterilized foreign exchange (FX) interventions as a monetary policy instrument for emerging market economies in response to external shocks. We develop a model for a commodity-exporting small open economy in which FX intervention is considered as a balance sheet policy induced by a financial friction in the form of an agency problem between banks and their creditors. The severity of banks agency problem depends directly on a bank-level measure of currency mismatch. Endogenous deviations from the standard UIP condition arise at equilibrium. In this context, FX interventions moderate the response of financial and macroeconomic variables to external shocks by leaning against the wind with respect to real exchange rate pressures. Our quantitative results indicate that, conditional on external shocks, the FX intervention policy successfully reduces credit, investment, and output volatility, along with substantial welfare gains when compared to a free-floating exchange rate regime. Finally, we explore distinct generalizations of the model that eliminate the presence of endogenous UIP deviations. In those cases, FX intervention operations are considerably less effective for the aggregate equilibrium.

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