Готові списки джерел за темами / DYNAMIC BUFFER STRUCTURE

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "DYNAMIC BUFFER STRUCTURE"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "DYNAMIC BUFFER STRUCTURE"

Yu, Xiang Jun, and Ming Yao Yao. "Buffer-Induced Design and Dynamic Response of Wheel Loader ROPS." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1591.

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A new Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) of the large-scale wheel loader was designed based on a buffer-induced structure. Dynamic Finite Element analysis model of the entire vehicle was created and boundary conditions of typical rollover cases were given. Optimization design of this new ROPS was obtained through a comprehensive analysis of 16 dynamic simulation samples, which were designed by Orthogonal Experimental Method. Comparison analysis of dynamic response results between original ROPS and optimal new ROPS indicates that this new ROPS effectively prolonged the duration time of the first collision and reduced the acting time of peak force. Deformation extent of main structure of this new ROPS is significantly smaller than that of the original ROPS. Buffer-induced structures can increase the kinetic energy absorption capability of ROPS. Therefore, it can reduce the possibility of brittle fracture of ROPS and improve the probability of operator survival.

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Li, Yi Ping. "Study on Impact Properties of New Hydro-Pneumatic Buffer for a Metro Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 978 (June 2014): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.978.94.

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Analyzed and studied the hydro-pneumatic buffer structure of railway vehicle, designed a new type of hydro-pneumatic buffer and established the detailed dynamics model. Calculated the static characteristic curve of hydro-pneumatic buffer with different compression rate and dynamic characteristic curve with different impact speed through the numerical simulation method. The simulation results shows that the biggest impedance force is 1836.3KN and buffer capacity reach 221.89KJ when impact velocity of the new hydro-pneumatic buffer is 5m/s.New hydro-pneumatic buffer can improve the speed of manipulating vehicle, reduce the longitudinal impact and vibration in the train and adapt to the needs of the trains.

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Lin, Wei, Maojun Wang, Haozhe Sun, Bing Xie, Cheng P. Wen, Yilong Hao, and Bo Shen. "Suppressing Buffer-Induced Current Collapse in GaN HEMTs with a Source-Connected p-GaN (SCPG): A Simulation Study." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080942.

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Carbon doping in the buffer of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) leads to the notorious current collapse phenomenon. In this paper, an HEMT structure with a source-connected p-GaN (SCPG) embedded in the carbon-doped semi-insulating buffer is proposed to suppress the buffer-induced current collapse effect. Two-dimensional transient simulation was carried out to show the successful suppression of buffer-induced current collapse in the SCPG-HEMTs compared with conventional HEMTs. The mechanism of suppressing dynamic on-resistance degradation by ejecting holes from the SCPG into the high resistive buffer layer after off-state stress is illustrated based on energy band diagrams. This paper contributes an innovative device structure to potentially solve the buffer-induced degradation of the dynamic on-resistance in GaN power devices.

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Zhang, Jing, Hong Guang Jia, Ling Ding, and Wen Hui Dong. "Buffer and Vibration Optimization of Missile Data Recorder Structure." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2304.

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On the analysis of the original data recorder, made several key problems clear when buffer and damping, distinguished between a cushion theory and application field of stress wave theory, the traditional rigid spring-buffer model whose object is to reduce the impact of acceleration that can not accurately describe the elastic force of the part of the actual situation; the stress wave theory is the elastic theory can explain the filter buffer question from the micro-small space, from this designed a composite structure for vibration reduction, which made the dynamic stress of protected component down about one order of magnitude. Optimization with Isight and Ls-dyna, the protected component's dynamic stress down about 69.3% and the data recorder's quality 300g lower, finally passed the Marshall Hammer test successfully.

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Peng, Song Jiang, Cheng Zhou, and Cun Gui Yu. "The Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Dynamic-Mesh Flow Field of a Hydraulic Buffer." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1264.

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In order to study the dynamic changes of the internal flow field physical quantities in the hydraulic buffer of a special equipment, based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), a three-dimensional incompressible and viscous model under unsteady condition is created. The model keeps the control rod of varying diameter and non-working chamber cover, simulates the turbulent in the flow field of the hydraulic buffer of the special equipment with dynamic meshing technology. From the results, the distributions of velocity in flow field and pressure in chamber are got. It shows that there are negative pressure areas in the non-working chamber and that will lead to cavitation. The results give us a great reference to improve the structure of hydraulic buffer.

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Zhang, Penghao, Luyu Wang, Kaiyue Zhu, Qiang Wang, Maolin Pan, Ziqiang Huang, Yannan Yang, et al. "Non-Buffer Epi-AlGaN/GaN on SiC for High-Performance Depletion-Mode MIS-HEMTs Fabrication." Micromachines 14, no. 8 (July 29, 2023): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081523.

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A systematic study of epi-AlGaN/GaN on a SiC substrate was conducted through a comprehensive analysis of material properties and device performance. In this novel epitaxial design, an AlGaN/GaN channel layer was grown directly on the AlN nucleation layer, without the conventional doped thick buffer layer. Compared to the conventional epi-structures on the SiC and Si substrates, the non-buffer epi-AlGaN/GaN structure had a better crystalline quality and surface morphology, with reliable control of growth stress. Hall measurements showed that the novel structure exhibited comparable transport properties to the conventional epi-structure on the SiC substrate, regardless of the buffer layer. Furthermore, almost unchanged carrier distribution from room temperature to 150 °C indicated excellent two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confinement due to the pulling effect of the conduction band from the nucleation layer as a back-barrier. High-performance depletion-mode MIS-HEMTs were demonstrated with on-resistance of 5.84 Ω·mm and an output current of 1002 mA/mm. The dynamic characteristics showed a much smaller decrease in the saturation current (only ~7%), with a quiescent drain bias of 40 V, which was strong evidence of less electron trapping owing to the high-quality non-buffer AlGaN/GaN epitaxial growth.

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Wan, Lirong, Xuehui Yu, Dejian Ma, Zhaosheng Meng, Qingliang Zeng, and Guoqing Qi. "Dynamic Response Analysis of a Novel Anti-Impact Pressure Balance Jack." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 5236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145236.

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Coal resources perform an important role in China’s energy structure. Hydraulic support is the main supporting equipment of fully mechanized mining face in coal mines. Because the hydraulic support frequently bears the impact pressure from the working face, it is very easy to cause failure of the balance jack. In order to solve the problem that the balance jack easily damaged by impact and improve the impact resistance of the hydraulic support, an improved fast response balance jack with multiple adaptive buffers was proposed in this paper. The energy dissipation characteristics of the balance jack were analyzed by establishing the mathematical model of the multiple buffering process of it. Based on ADAMS, the dynamic simulation model of the hydraulic support was constructed, and the mechanical response characteristics of the proposed balance jack and the traditional balance jack under different impact loads were compared and analyzed. By changing the equivalent stiffness of the novel balance jack system, the influence of different initial inflation pressure and length of the buffer cavity on the dynamic performance of the novel balance jack was discussed. The results show that compared with the traditional balance jack, the multi-adaptive response balance jack proposed in this paper can reduce the peak force of the hinge point by about 24.6% and the fluctuation frequency was also significantly reduced under the ultimate load condition at the front end of the top beam, which has better impact resistance. When the initial inflation pressure of the buffer cavity is 40~45 MPa and the initial length is less than 105 mm, a better buffer effect can be achieved. This study provides a new solution to solve the failure problem of the balance jack under the underground impact pressure and improve the safety and reliability of hydraulic support.

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Zhang, Yuan, Li Li Zhou, Jian Wang, and Chang Zhen Fan. "Research on Dynamics Simulation of Buffering Process of Docking Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.748.

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On-orbit service technology can extend the working life of the spacecraft, and improve the ability to perform various tasks. Docking mechanism is the key equipment of the space docking. The cushion performance of the system determines the dynamic characteristics in the docking process, and it is one of the important factors influencing the docking success or not. It is established that mathematical modeling of the new grasping mechanism in the buffering process, due to lack of the experiment equipments, the dynamic simulation on computer is an effective method to test and verify the parameters or evaluate the performance of the buffer system designed. Simulation analysis is conducted to get the corresponding buffer force for four different sets of buffer parameter, and it provides important basis for docking cushioning structure optimization.

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Yu, Z. X., L. Zhao, L. P. Guo, Y. P. Liu, C. Yang, and S. C. Zhao. "Full-Scale Impact Test and Numerical Simulation of a New-Type Resilient Rock-Shed Flexible Buffer Structure." Shock and Vibration 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7934696.

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Rock sheds have been widely used to protect against rockfall. Traditionally, a cushion layer is placed on the top of a rock shed to reduce the impact force and dissipate energy. However, heavy cushion layers lead to high dead loads and increased construction costs. This paper discusses the concept of an impact-resilient flexible buffer structure. On the basis of that concept, it also proposes a buffer structure mainly composed of springs, ring nets, spring rods, and support ropes, which can be used to replace the traditional cushion layer on a shed for rockfall protection. Full-scale impact tests were conducted to study the impact-resilient characteristic of the structure combined with numerical simulation. The dynamic responses of the buffer structure, including force, deformation, and energy dissipation, were analysed in depth. Finally, parametric numerical simulations of 33 models were conducted; the spring stiffness of these models ranged from 300 kN/m to 1500 kN/m; the impact energy ranged from 100 kJ to 2000 kJ. Moreover, simple approaches for estimating the impact force and braking distance of the buffer structure were proposed and verified using measured data obtained from the impact test.

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Li, Liang, Xing Fa Huang, Ming Yuan Xu, Xiao Feng Shen, and Xi Chen. "A Novel Input Buffer Used for SHA-Less Pipeline ADC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.501.

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This paper discussed a input buffer structure with replica load, analysed its theory of improving input signal linearity and decreasing distortion, gived some circuit embodiments, one of which was used for a 12-bit 500MSPS SHA-less ADC based on BiCMOS technolgy, Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) reached above 90dB with a 250MHz input signal.

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Дисертації з теми "DYNAMIC BUFFER STRUCTURE"

El-Badawy, Ayman Aly. "Structural Identification and Buffet Alleviation of Twin-Tailed Fighter Aircraft." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26764.

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We tackle the problem of identifying the structural dynamics of the twin tails of the F-15 fighter plane. The objective is to first investigate and identify the different possible attractors that coexist for the same operating parameters. Second is to develop a model that simulates the experimentally determined dynamics. Third is to suppress the high-amplitude vibrations of the tails due to either principal parametric or external excitations. To understand the dynamical characteristics of the twin-tails, the model is excited parametrically. For the same excitation amplitude and frequency, five different responses are observed depending on the initial conditions. The coexisting five responses are the result of the nonlinearities. After the experimental identification of the system, we develop a model to capture the dynamics realized in the experiment. We devise a nonlinear control law based on cubic velocity feedback to suppress the response of the model to a principal parametric excitation. The performance of the control law is studied by comparing the open- and closed-loop responses of the system. Furthermore, we conduct experiments to verify the theoretical analysis. The theoretical and experimental findings indicate that the control law not only leads to effective vibration suppression, but also to effective bifurcation control. We investigate the design of a neural-network-based adaptive control system for active vibration suppression of the model when subjected to a parametric excitation. First, an emulator neural network was trained to represent the structure and thus used to predict the future responses of the model. Second, a neurocontroller is developed to determine the necessary control action. The computer-simulation studies show great promise for artificial neural networks to control the model vibrations caused by parametric excitations. We investigate the use of four different control strategies to suppress high-amplitude responses of the F-15 fighter to a primary resonance excitation. The control strategies are linear velocity feedback, nonlinear velocity feedback, positive position feedback, and saturation-based control. For each case, we conduct bifurcation analyses for the open- and closed-loop responses of the system and investigate theoretically the performance of the different control strategies. We also calculate the instantaneous power requirements of each control law. The experimental results agree with the theoretical findings.
Ph. D.

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Almásy, László. "Structure and dynamics in binary mixtures with limited miscibility : investigation of aqueous solutions of methyl-substituted pyridines." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066506.

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SRIVASTAVA, MAYANK. "LOW POWER PSEUDO DYNAMIC BUFFER WITH DYNAMIC LOGIC." Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14506.

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Dynamic logic circuit is the main digital circuits, with a clock as a controlling signal. Comparing with the complementary logic circuit which is having both Pull-up and Pull-down network, dynamic logic circuit has only one network. Dynamic logic circuits consume nearly half of the transistor count as well as the layout area. Parasitic capacitances are used to stored the voltage at the output of the dynamic node, which is typically buffered before it is sent to the next stage. This voltage is affected by the charge sharing. Advantage of dynamic logic circuit is having smaller area and higher speed. According to the theory, the dynamic logic circuit will uses precharge and evaluation phases of the clock cycle. During the precharge phase, a lot of extra noise are introduced into the system compared with the static logic circuit. A noticeable amount of power is waisted due to these periodic precharge phases. Here we propose a Low power pseudo dynamic buffer structure for the dynamic logic circuit. Using this dynamic buffer structure, the precharge pulse is obstructed at the input of the dynamic buffer and is supress from being propagated to the output of the dynamic gate. As a result, power typically consumed during the precharge phase is saved. According to the proposed structure will dramatically reduce the output noise as well as considerable power consumption compared to the traditional dynamic buffer circuits.

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Книги з теми "DYNAMIC BUFFER STRUCTURE"

Coe, Charles F. Predictions of F-111 TACT aircraft buffet response and correlations of fluctuating pressures measured on aluminum and steel modes and the aircraft. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1988.

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Cheng, Christine. Diamonds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.003.0007.

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In Liberia’s diamond sector, the dynamics of the BOPC Group show how diamond mines remain vulnerable to takeover long after war has ended. From mining to taxing to exporting, West African governments have long struggled to control the supply of diamonds within their territories and the physical and social isolation of diamond mining areas has meant that they effectively govern themselves. This geographical buffer gives extralegal groups room to grow, develop organizational structures, and build up local networks of influence. Yet their claims to legitimacy are ultimately rooted in whether their mining activities are classified as legal or illegal, formal or informal, legitimate or illegitimate. Characterizing artisanal diamond mining as an “illicit” activity also feeds into the international community’s desire to sanitize the industry—even at the expense of miners’ livelihoods. This chapter demonstrates that these categorizations are not simply claims of law, but claims of power.

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Clarke, Andrew. Water. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0005.

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Liquid water is essential for life, and a metabolically active cell is ~70% water. The physical properties of liquid water, and their temperature dependence, are dictated to a significant extent by the properties of hydrogen bonds. From an ecological perspective, the important properties of liquid water include its high latent heats of fusion and vapourisation, its high specific heat, the ionisation, low dynamic viscosity and high surface tension. The solubility in water of oxygen, carbon dioxide and the calcium carbonate used to build skeletons in many invertebrates groups all increase with decreasing temperature. The hydrophobic interaction is important in the formation of cellular membranes and the folding of proteins; its strength increases with temperature, which may be a factor in the cold-denaturation of cellular macromolecules. The cell is extremely crowded with macromolecules. Coupled with the highly structured water close to membranes or protein surfaces and the hydration shells around ions, this means that the behaviour of water in cells is different from that of bulk water. The thermal behaviour of isolated cellular components studied in dilute aqueous buffers many not reflect accurately their behaviour in the intact cell or tissue.

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Частини книг з теми "DYNAMIC BUFFER STRUCTURE"

Caro, Diego. "Hidden music scenes: governmentality and contestation in postcolonial Hong Kong." In Embodying Peripheries, 240–56. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-661-2.11.

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Floor 26 of Ho King Commercial Centre in Yau Ma Tei, the elevator stops. At the end of the corridor, the sound of a heavy metal band, detuned screams buffered by the cracked plywood door of a tiny music studio. Outdated factory buildings in Kwun Tong, industrial architecture gradually surrounded by new commercial and residential complexes; their precarious wait for urban renewal has offered an opportunity for young musicians to establish music studios, classrooms, or improvised bedrooms where music and teenage discoveries mingle with the noise of machinery. A rusty anonymous intercom partially hidden by some plastic ivies. Past the door, a narrow metallic staircase, source of random encounters and only access point to a one-off experience; hundreds of people—local and foreigners—gathered in a tiny dark room, a miscellany of sweat, smoke, voices, and distant music. The hidden networks formed by musicians scattered in unexpected venues around Hong Kong provide a sonic collage that reformulates some of the city’s social peripheries from within. Through emergent sub-cultures, young artists deploy a wide range of tactics to counter the commodification and politicization of creativity, and the speculation over space in order to achieve new opportunities in a “bureaucratic society of controlled consumption.” In his work on everyday life, which focuses on the resistance of (extra)ordinary people to structures of power, Michel de Certeau makes reference to the idea of “silent discoverers of their own paths in the jungle of functionalist rationality.” The main actors of this essay, despite feeding on and actively participating in Hong Kong’s consumerism dynamics by taking references from social media, e-commerce, or shopping malls, produce “wandering lines”—or wandering sounds—with their own (syn)tactics through their artistic practices. Notably, in Hong Kong’s reductionist bureaucratic system, with a strong predominance of statistics and evaluation focused on “classifying, calculating and putting into tables,” these artistic rituals and reinterpretations of the city’s culture often remain overlooked or hidden to the system.

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Fehr, Hans, and Fabian Kindermann. "The life-cycle model and intertemporal choice." In Introduction to Computational Economics Using Fortran. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804390.003.0009.

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The discussion in the Chapters 3 and 4 centred around static optimization problems.The static general equilibrium model of Chapter 3 features an exogenous capital stock and Chapter 4 discusses investment decisions with risky assets, but in a static context. In this chapter we take a first step towards the analysis of dynamic problems. We introduce the life-cycle model and analyse the intertemporal choice of consumption and individual savings. We start with discussing the most basic version of this model and then introduce labour-income uncertainty to explain different motives for saving. In later sections, we extended the model by considering alternative savings vehicles and explain portfolio choice and annuity demand. Throughout this chapter we follow a partial equilibrium approach, so that factor prices for capital and labour are specified exogenously and not determined endogenously as in Chapter 3. This section assumes that households can only save in one asset. Since we abstract from bequest motives in this chapter, households do save because they need resources to consume in old age or because they want to provide a buffer stock in case of uncertain future outcomes.The first motive is the so-called old-age savings motive while the second is the precautionary savings motive. In order to derive savings decisions it is assumed in the following that a household lives for three periods. In the first two periods the agent works and receives labour income w while in the last period the agent lives from his accumulated previous savings. In order to derive the optimal asset structure a2 and a3 (i.e. the optimal savings), the agent maximizes the utility function . . . U(c1, c2, c3) = u(c1) + βu(c2) + β2u(c3) . . . where β denotes a time discount factor and u(c) = c1−1/γ /1−1/γ describes the preference function with γ ≥ 0 measuring the intertemporal elasticity of substitution.

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Koch, Christof. "Diffusion, Buffering, and Binding." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0017.

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In Chap. 9 we introduced calcium ions and alluded to their crucial role in regulating the day-to-day life of neurons. The dynamics of the free intracellular calcium is controlled by a number of physical and chemical processes, foremost among them diffusion and binding to a host of different proteins, which serve as calcium buffers and as calcium sensors or triggers. Whereas buffers simply bind Ca2+ above some critical concentration, releasing it back into the cytoplasm when [Ca2+]i has been reduced below this level, certain proteins— such as calmodulin—change their conformation when they bind with Ca2+ ions, thereby activating or modulating enzymes, ionic channels, or other proteins. The calcium concentration inside the cell not only determines the degree of activation of calcium-dependent potassium currents but—much more importantly—is relevant for determining the changes in structure expressed in synaptic plasticity. As discussed in Chap. 13, it is these changes that are thought to underlie learning. Given the relevance of second messenger molecules, such as Ca2+, IP3, cyclic AMP and others, for the processes underlying growth, sensory adaptation, and the establishment and maintenance of synaptic plasticity, it is crucial that we have some understanding of the role that diffusion and chemical kinetics play in governing the behavior of these substances. Today, we have unprecedented access to the spatio-temporal dynamics of intracellular calcium in individual neurons using fluorescent calcium dyes, such as fura-2 or fluo-3, in combination with confocal or two-photon microscopy in the visible or in the infrared spectrum (Tsien, 1988; Tank et al., 1988; Hernández-Cruz, Sala, and Adams, 1990; Ghosh and Greenberg, 1995).

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"The water saturation effects on dynamic tensile strength in red and buff sandstones studied with Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB)." In Advanced Materials, Structures and Mechanical Engineering, 177–80. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19693-36.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "DYNAMIC BUFFER STRUCTURE"

Xiao, Lei, Sihua Xu, Jin He, Zhiqiang Hu, and Xiaogang Zhou. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Quick Closing Buffer Performance of Steam Turbine Admission Valve." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56529.

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One of the main functions of the steam turbine admission valve is to provide a very fast closing to intercept the supply of mass flow rapidly from the steam entering the turbine and cause destructive overspeed. In order to quickly close the admission valve, at the beginning of the stroke the moving parts of the valve should be accelerated to a high speed; when the stroke ends, a lot of kinetic energy is converted to impact energy. To prevent damage to valve parts, a quick closing buffer system is required to absorb the most of the impact energy. The quick closing buffer system plays an important role in the admission valve as an influencing factor of the dynamic characteristics of the valve. In the past, considering the complex internal structure, the research about quick closing buffer system relied on confirmatory experimental study or analytic method to get a quick closing buffer process. This paper focus on the quick closing process of a high pressure steam admission valve of Shanghai Turbine Plant. The dynamic characteristic of the quick closing buffer system is investigated by means of method of CFD numerical simulation for the first time, in order to find a more convenient and effective way to get the key factors that affect the dynamic characteristics, and the accuracy of the of CFD numerical simulation is verified by test, which are valuable for building an accurate dynamic characteristic analysis model of steam turbine admission valve.

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Yao, Cheng, Zhansheng Liu, Jiajia Yan, and Guanghui Zhang. "Aeroelastic Analysis of Supersonic Intake Under Downstream Perturbation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42250.

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Smart flexible structure is used to reduce moving equipments of modern supersonic intake with variable geometry design. As a result, aero-elasticity of flexible intake need to be considered in aircraft design. A fully coupled fluid structure interaction (FSI) computation framework was developed in present work to simulate aero-elasticity of a two-dimensional supersonic intake model with flexible cowl wall under downstream back pressure perturbation. Transonic viscous flow in the intake was solved using finite volume method. Finite element method was used to model dynamic response of flexible wall through, consideration of geometric non-linearity. Unsteady flow in the intake with rigid wall under back pressure perturbation shows a large amplitude oscillation of shock train, which includes a period of shock train appearing and disappearing. It is found in FSI results that flexible cowl wall vibrates with downstream perturbation frequency, although multiple frequency components excitation loads are found in spectrogram. Wall flexibility plays the role of ‘buffer zone’, which limits the formation of large amplitude shock train oscillation during FSI process. Structural damping could be used to enlarge ‘buffer zone’ effect.

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Dima, Crin, and Jack Jacobs. "The characterization of non-stationary buffet environments." In 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1339.

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Priante, Michelle, Patricia Llana, Karina Jacobsen, David Tyrell, and Benjamin Perlman. "A Dynamic Test of a Collision Post of a State-of-the-Art End Frame Design." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74020.

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In support of the Federal Railroad Administration’s (FRA) Railroad Equipment Safety Program, a full-scale dynamic test of a collision post of a state-of-the-art (SOA) end frame was conducted on April 16, 2008. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the dynamic method for demonstrating energy absorption and graceful deformation of a collision post. The post aims to protect the operators and passengers in the event of a collision where only the superstructure, not the underframe, is loaded. Methods for improving the performance of collision and corner posts were prompted by accidents such as the fatal collision in Portage, Indiana in 1998, where a coil of steel sheet metal penetrated the cab car through the collision post. The improvements made for the SOA end frame structure include more substantial corner and collision posts, robust post connections to the buffer beam and anti-telescoping (AT) beam, and corner and collision posts integrated with a shelf and bulkhead sheet. Full length side sills improved support for the end frame. This test focused on one collision post because of its critical position in protecting the operator and passengers in an impact with an object at a grade-crossing. For the test, a 14,000-lb cart impacted a standing cab car at a speed of 18.7 mph. The cart had a rigid coil shape mounted on the leading end that concentrated the impact load on the collision post. The requirements for protecting the operator’s space state that there will be no more than 10 inches of longitudinal crush and none of the attachments of any of the structural members separate. During the test, the collision post deformed approximately 7.4 inches and absorbed approximately 138,000 ft-lb of energy. The attachment between the post and the AT beam remained intact. The connection between the post and the buffer beam did not completely separate, however the forward flange and both side webs fractured. The post itself did not completely fail. There was material failure in the back and the sides of the post at the impact location. Overall, the end frame was successful in absorbing energy and preserving space for the operators and the passengers.

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Burnham, J. "Predicted dynamic buffet loads from limited response measurements - T-45A horizontal tail." In 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1338.

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Kandil, Osama, Steven Massey, and Hamdy Kandil. "Computations of vortex-breakdown induced tail buffet undergoing bending and torsional vibrations." In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1428.

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VORACEK, DAVID, and ROBERT CLARKE. "Buffet induced structural/flight-control system interaction of the X-29A aircraft." In 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1053.

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