Дисертації з теми "Dye solution"
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Gassama, Edrissa. "A Model of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell: Solution Via Matched Asymptotic Expansion." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1408058509.
Повний текст джерелаRahman, Mohammed. "A performance and energy evaluation of a dye drawn forward osmosis (FO) system for the textile industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3068.
Повний текст джерелаContinuous growth in the world population has raised significant fears with regards to the sustainability of energy and water resources. Globally, water is an indispensable resource as it is essential for the sustenance of human, animal and plant life. Water is essential for all forms of life and plays a pivotal role in economic growth. The textile industry is one of the greatest consumers of water, it is, therefore, necessary to effectively treat the large amounts of wastewater before discharge to the environment. It is estimated that annually, more than 700,000-tonnes of textile wastewater is produced by the dyeing industry. Textile wastewater is generally characterised by electrolytes, suspended solids, mineral oils and multiple textile dyes, and has therefore been classified as one of the most polluting wastewaters. These dyes are toxic and, in most cases, are not biodegradable. The presence of very small amounts (i.e. < 1 ppm) of dyes in water has aesthetic impacts and is thus undesirable. It is, therefore, necessary to treat textile wastewater before discharging. Currently, membrane technology is widely used for wastewater treatment, as well as water purification. Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for both these applications. FO is characterised by the flow of water through a semipermeable membrane from a feed solution (FS) characterised by the low solute concentration or low osmotic pressure (OP) to a draw solution (DS) characterised by the high solute concentration or high OP, due to the OP gradient across the membrane. The FO process eliminates the need for high hydraulic pressure, as required in traditional membrane technologies, and also has low fouling tendencies. Furthermore, FO has the advantage of lower energy requirements and membrane replacement costs. However, there are still many disadvantages such as reverse solute flux (RSF), membrane fouling, and concentration polarisation (CP) amongst others that still need to be addressed. Therefore, more research needs to be done in light of these limitations to better understand and mitigate these limitations to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the FO process. This study aimed to evaluate a dye-driven FO system for the reclamation of water from textile wastewater and synthetic brackish water (BW5) by investigating the effects of membrane orientation, system flowrate, change in DS, and membrane fouling on the FO systems performance and energy consumption. The FS used was BW5 with sodium chloride (NaCl) content of 5 g/L whereas Reactive Black 5 (i.e. a reactive dye) and Maxilon Blue GRL (i.e. a basic dye) dyes were used as a DS, respectively. The membrane utilised was a cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane and was tested in FO mode and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) mode whilst the system flowrate was adjusted to 400, 500 and 600 mL/min, respectively. Experiments were performed using a bench-scale FO setup which comprised of an FO membrane cell, a double-head variable speed peristaltic pump, a digital scale, two reservoirs for the FS and DS, respectively, a digital multiparameter meter and a digital electrical multimeter to measure system energy consumption. Each experiment comprised of six steps: baseline 1 (membrane control), main experiment (dye-driven FO experiment), baseline 2 (membrane control repeat), membrane cleaning, membrane integrity (membrane damage dye identification) and membrane cleaning (preparation for next experiment). The baseline 1 and baseline 2 experiments operated for 3 h whilst each membrane cleaning procedure operated for 30 min. The main experiments operated for 5 h in the FO mode and 4 h in PRO mode whilst the membrane integrity experiments operated until a minimum of 10 mL water was recovered. Results showed that the PRO mode achieved both higher forward flux (𝐽𝑤) (i.e. 8.87, 8.71 and 9.13 L/m2.h for flowrates of 400, 500 and 600 ml/min) and water recovery (𝑅𝑒) rates compared to FO mode (i.e. 6.60, 6.88 and 7.58 L/m2.h for flowrates of 400, 500 and 600 ml/min). The variation of flowrates had little to no influence on the 𝐽𝑤, 𝐽𝑠 and 𝑅𝑒 of the system. The system consumed less energy in PRO mode (i.e. 381 kWh/m3 average consumption for all three flowrates) than FO mode (i.e. 417 kWh/m3 average consumption for all three flowrates). It was also observed that at a higher DS 𝑂𝑃, the system consumed less energy. Therefore, selecting an optimum initial 𝑂𝑃 is essential for a FO process to minimise the pumping energy. Furthermore, a change in DS from Reactive Black 5 dye to Maxilon Blue GRL dye had no significant impact on the system performance and energy consumption. In this study, no significant membrane fouling was observed, however, minute traces of fouling in the form of foreign functional groups could be observed in the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectrums of the used membranes. Additionally, the observation of negligible changes in baseline 2 (membrane control) Re and Jw results suggested the possible occurrence of membrane fouling during the main experiment (dye-driven FO system).
Yousef, Narin. "Solution-based and flame spray pyrolysis synthesis of cupric oxide nanostructures and their potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119329.
Повний текст джерелаPetersson, Jonas. "Ultrafast, Non-Equilibrium Electron Transfer Reactions of Molecular Complexes in Solution." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysikalisk kemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235461.
Повний текст джерелаJosefsson, Ida. "Simulations of a Ruthenium Complex and the Iodide/Triiodide Redox Couple in Aqueous Solution: Solvation and Electronic Structure." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126677.
Повний текст джерелаIn dye-sensitized solar cells, the functions of light absorption and charge transport are separated. A photosensitive ruthenium-polypyridine dye in the cell absorbs light, injects an electron to a semiconductor and is then regenerated by a redox couple, typically iodide/triiodide. Quantum chemical calculations of the electronic structure of triiodide have been carried out with the restricted active space SCF method, including spin-orbit coupling, and with density functional theory. It was shown that the difference in charge density between the terminal and central atoms results in a splitting of the core levels. The calculations gave a value of the splitting of 0.8 - 1.0 eV for the 3d and 4d levels. Experimentally, the electronic structure has been investigated with photoelectronspectroscopy. The measured terminal/center splitting is 1.1 eV.The spin-orbit interaction of the 4d levels of triiodide has also been calculated. The splitting was determined to be 1.6 eV. The experimental value is 1.7 eV. An assignment of the peaks in the computed spectrum of triiodide was made and the features of the experimental spectrum have beenidentied.The theoretical valence spectrum of triiodide has been computed and assigned. The results can be used in the analysis of photoelectron spectra of the molecule. Information about the electronic structure of the redox couple can help in the understanding of the electron transfer processes and forfurther development of the solar cells. Furthermore, the solvation structure of the prototype dye, the tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex, in water and its interaction with iodide and chloride has been studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The trajectory analysis showed that the water molecules in the first solvation shell form a chain in between the bipyridine ligands. It was found that the iodide ions are more likely than chloride to enter between the ligands, which can be important for the electron transfer processin the solar cell.
Charbonneau, Cecile. "Aqueous solution synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2 powders: kinetics, characterization and application to fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell photoanodes." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103625.
Повний текст джерелаCette étude porte sur la synthèse en milieu aqueux de particules nano-structurées de dioxide de titane utilisées pour la fabrication de photoanodes, une composante des cellules photovoltaïques à pigments colorés (DSCs). Le développement et l'étude de ce nouveau procédé de synthèse est abordé de façon à déterminer la relation existante entre le comportement hydrolytique de solutions aqueuses de tetrachlorure de titane traitées de manière isothermique (spéciation et cinétique de conversion de Ti(IV) en TiO2(s)) et les propriétés des produits de TiO2 résultant. D'un point de vue pratique, le produit de TiO2 nanocristallin synthétisé en milieu aqueux est examiné pour la formulation de pâtes à imprimer utilisées dans le procédé de fabrication de photoanodes mésoporeuses; l'impact de ce matériau sur l'efficacité des cellules photovoltaïques à colorant est également considéré. La synthèse de poudres de TiO2 nano-structurées, effectuée par hydrolyse de solutions aqueuses de TiCl4, est décrite d'un point de vue de la cinétique de précipitation et des mécanismes de nucléation et de croissance des particules de TiO2, sur des intervalles de température et de concentration variant respectivement de 70 à 90 °C et de 0.2 à 1.5 M. Plusieurs techniques sont utilisées afin de caractériser les produits solides, parmi lesquels la DRX, le MEB et le MET, les spectroscopies FT-IR et EDS, et des mesures d'aire de surface BET et de thermogravimétrie. Il est montré qu'en choisissant les conditions expérimentales de manière appropriée, le procédé de synthèse en milieu aqueux mène à la production de poudres nano-structurées de rutile composées de particules sphéroïdales dont la forme résulte de la croissance radiale de nanofibres (de 100 nm à 3 µm) ou bien de colloïdes contenant des nano-cristaux de 4 à 8 nm dont la principale phase cristalline est l'anatase (85 % m/m). Ces résultats sont expliqués et commentés sur la base des effets induits par les paramètres expérimentaux (T, agitation) et plus particulièrement l'effet prononcé de la concentration de la solution aqueuse de TiCl4 sur la nature des espèces en solution et la cinétique associée à la réaction d'hydrolyse. Si l'on compare les matériaux synthétisés en milieu aqueux avec des produits standards commerciaux tels que la poudre de TiO2 P25 de Degussa (50 m2/g, 30 nm de taille moyenne de particules, présence faible voire nulle de groupes de surface -OH/-OH2 et un band gap de 3.15 eV), ceux-ci sont caractérisés avec une aire de surface plus importante, 80-120 m2/g pour les poudres de rutile et 250-350 m2/g pour les poudres d'anatase, un taux d'hydroxylation de surface plus élevé et un band gap plus large dans le cas de l'anatase (3.37 eV). Il est montré que ces matériaux, plus précisément la poudre d'anatase seule ou bien une poudre hybride d'anatase et de rutile, peuvent être utilisés afin de fabriquer des photoanodes préparées par méthode d'impression, la deuxième poudre ayant montré une qualité supérieure en termes de performance photovoltaïque. Enfin, la préparation de pâtes à imprimer directement à partir de nanocolloides de TiO2, sans avoir à recourir à l'extraction et au séchage des poudres, est décrite.
Fan, Jiandong. "Solution Growth and Functional Properties of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowires." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120578.
Повний текст джерелаEsta tesis se ha centrado en tres temas principales: (1) Síntesis y caracterización de NHs de ZnO:Cl; (2) Celdas PEC basadas en hetero y homo nanoestructuras obtenidas a partir de NHs de ZnO:Cl ; (3) DSCs basadas en NHs de ZnO. (1) NHs monocristalinos de ZnO, alineados verticalmente y dopados con cloro fueron sintetizados mediante un método electroquímico de baje coste, alto rendimiento y sin necesidad de semillas. Los resultados demuestran que la concentración de portadores de carga en estos NHs de ZnO:Cl puede ser controlada en un rango entre 5×1017 y 4×1020 cm-3. Además, NHs de ZnO intrínsecos de varias longitudes, entre 6 μm y 12 μm, pueden ser obtenidos por deposición hidrotérmica para aplicación en celdas solares sensibilizadas por colorante (DSCs). (2) Homoestructuras ZnO:Cl@ZnO y heteroestructuras ZnO:Cl@ZnS y ZnO:Cl@TiO2 verticalmente alineadas pueden ser obtenidas mediante electrodeposición y/o un proceso SILAR de dos pasos. Las propiedades PEC de estos NHs pueden ser altamente mejoradas hasta un factor 5 con la presencia de estas capas. El factor de mejora depende del grosor de la capa. La mejora en los rendimientos está asociada con la mayor generación de portadores de carga y la optimización de su transferencia a partir del incremento en el área de carga espacial debido al perfil dopante. (3) Hemos empleado la pareja redox [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ como electrolito en DSCs basadas en NHs de ZnO. Una comparación directa del rendimiento de las parejas redox [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ y I−/I3– demostró que el complejo de cobalto es más adecuado, tanto en términos de una significativa mejora en el Voc (Delta/Voc~200 mV) como en un mayor fotocorriente (Delta/Jsc~10%). El posterior sinterizado de los NHs en argón permitió una mejora del 30% en la eficiencia de conversión de luz en energía eléctrica. La mejora del rendimiento fotovoltaico fue atribuído a la incorporación de vacantes de oxígeno durante el sinterizado de los NHs en argón.
Choi, Kit-hing. "The bleaching and dyeing industry in Hong Kong : environmental problems and some solutions /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18735988.
Повний текст джерелаMAGADALENA, CARINA P. "Síntese de zeólitas de cinzas de carvão modificada por surfactante e aplicação na remoção de ácido laranja 8 de solução aquosa: estudo em leito móvel, coluna de leito fixo e avaliação ecotoxicológica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23651.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2015-04-10T14:03:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Abouamer, Karima Massaud. "Application of natural dyes in textile industry and the treatment of dye solutions using electrolytic techniques." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5088.
Повний текст джерелаMousa, Souad Abd. "Photochemistry of β-carbolines and azine dyes in solution and colloidal systems". Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678433.
Повний текст джерелаMurray, S. G. "Solution and polymer photochemistry of azo dyes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371437.
Повний текст джерелаBRUNO, MARIZA. "Utilização de zeólitas sintetizadas a partir de cinzas de carvão na remoção de corante em água." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11509.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Longeras, Olympe. "Design et compréhension de nouveaux solvants eutectiques profonds." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC048.
Повний текст джерелаDeep Eutectics Solvents (DES) is a new class of solvent which has emerged during the last decades. DES have been increasingly studied because of their low cost and low toxicity. Because of these properties, DES could potentially replace toxic solvents used in large area of chemistry. To reach this goal, a broader knowledge of these new systems has to be acquired. Therefore, in the first work of this thesis, solid-liquid phase diagrams of three partially renewable DES have been established. The comparison of these diagrams to an ideal mixing model is showing a negative deviation that allows to considered them as “deep” eutectics solvents. Following this work on the binary mixture, water was added to these DES. A first aqueous - DES mixture with a lower critical solution temperature (LSCT) has been highlighted and the origin of this remarkable property has been elucidated. To complete the initial work aiming to get a deeper understanding of these new DES, these solvents have also been tested for two applications: carbon dioxide capture and liquid-liquid extractions of dyes
Natali, Andrea. "Double Dyke System - Natural engineering solutions." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21243/.
Повний текст джерелаKhan, Christopher Joseph 1982. "Solution for a modular die-level anodic bonder." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32764.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
Anodic bonding is a common way to package silicon with Pyrex. The anodic bonding process requires high temperature, voltage, and moderate pressure to occur. Often, there are also expectations of alignment of features for things such as power or material delivery. The following thesis proposes a design for a die-level anodic bonding apparatus. It consists of a separate module to meet each requirement; a module for heating, aligning, and applying force. The apparatus is capable of heating the MEMS device to over 400⁰C, applying more than 1000V across the device, applying greater than 4MPa of pressure, and aligning to within 0.5[micro]m in two directions to create an accurately aligned anodic bond. The apparatus met all of these functional requirements and is modular. enough to easily be configured for many other die-level anodic bonding situations.
by Christopher Joseph Khan.
S.B.
MAGDALENA, CARINA P. "Adsorcao de corante reativo remazol vermelho RB de solucao aquosa usando zeolita de cinzas de carvao e avaliacao da toxicidade aguda com Daphnia similis." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9565.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Bowman, Amy Catherine. "A selective encapsulation solution for packaging an optical micro electro mechanical system." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0108102-140953.
Повний текст джерелаKeywords: packaging; micro electro mechanical systems; MEMS; electronics; die warpage; die bow; encapsulant; encapsulate; electrochemical migration; corrosion; wirebonds. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-99).
Pirgalioglu, Saltuk. "Catalytic Ozonation Of Dye Solutions In A Semi-batch Reactor." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610158/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGoswami, Nimai Chandra. "Treatment of leather effluents and dye solutions using electrolytic techniques." Thesis, Brunel University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270534.
Повний текст джерелаAcar, Ebru. "Oxidation Of Acid Red 151 Solutions By Peroxone (o3/h2o2) Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605527/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPeroxone process&rdquo
. The aim of the study is to enhance the ozonation efficiency in treating the waste dye solution. The effects of pH, initial dye and initial ozone concentrations and the concentration ratio of initial H2O2 to initial O3 on color and COD removals were investigated. Also, the kinetics of O3-dye reaction in the presence of H2O2 was approximately determined. As a result of the experimental study, it was seen that an increase in the initial dye concentration at a constant pH and initial ozone concentration did not change the COD % removal significantly, from a statistical analysis of the data. The results obtained at pH values of 2.5 and 7 gave higher oxidation efficiencies in terms of color and COD removals compared to those at pH of 10. The best initial molar ratio of H2O2 to O3 was found to be 0.5, which yielded highest treatment efficiency for each pH value studied. The results of the excess dye experiments suggest that the ozonation of Acid Red 151 follows an average first order reaction with respect to ozone at pH=2.5 and pH=7 whereas it is around 0.56 at pH=10. By Initial Rate Method, the orders with respect to individual reactants of O3 and dye were determined as one, the total order of the reaction being two for all the studied pH. As a conclusion, a further study of the peroxone process at a pH of 10 can be recommended to determine the reaction kinetics and mechanism at this pH, where radicals play an important role.
Duygulu, Yusuf Bahadir. "Decolorization Of Synthetic Dye Solutions By Using Basaltic Tephra And Clinoptilolite." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605241/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерела2oC for 2 days. Then, samples were filtered and the equilibrium concentrations of dyestuffs in the solutions were determined by using spectrophotometer at appropriate wavelength corresponding to the maximum absorbency. After equilibrium concentrations of the solutions were obtained, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants were calculated for the adsorbents used in this study. The removal efficiencies for cationic basic dyes are higher than those for anionic acidic and reactive dyes with the natural materials. Therefore, modification of surface properties of natural materials with a cationic surfactant was considered to increase the removal efficiencies of those for anionic dyes. After modification of the surface properties, adsorption capacities of adsorbents for anionic dyes were higher than those of natural materials. Finally, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for the same dyes was determined to compare with that of natural and modified materials. The results showed that the adsorption of dyes on adsorbents used in this study fitted nicely the Langmuir Isotherm Equations.
Shargaieva, Oleksandra. "Formation and stability of hybrid perovskites." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19530.
Повний текст джерелаNgema, Silindile Lucia. "Competitive biosorption of a mixture of cationic dyes from a multicomponent solution using modified pine cone powder." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/394.
Повний текст джерелаHunt, Paula. "Photoreactions of dyes involving radicals in solution and on cotton." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34665.
Повний текст джерелаFERREIRA, PATRICIA C. "Estudos sobre a adsorção do corante reativo preto 5 de solução aquosa usando zeólita de cinza de carvão." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9984.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Choi, Kit-hing, and 蔡結馨. "The bleaching and dyeing industry in Hong Kong: environmental problems and some solutions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253726.
Повний текст джерелаBalci, Ayse Irem. "Catalytic Ozonation Of Synthetic Wastewaters Containing Three Different Dyes In A Fluidized Bed Reactor." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613794/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаabsorbance vs. concentration&rdquo
calibration correlations were developed. The effect of inlet dye concentration, inlet gas and liquid flow rates, pH, catalyst type [perflorooctyl alumina (PFOA) and alumina] and catalyst dosage were determined experimentally. Catalyst characterization analyses were done in order to determine the maximum number of times that the catalyst can be used and it was found to be 3 times. Gas washing bottle experiments are conducted to find the v amount of ozone required to oxidize one mole of each dye used in the study. Oxidation of BB-41, BR-18.1 and BY-28 dyes were investigated in a semi-batch reactor as single dye solutions by sole and catalytic ozonation with alumina and PFOA catalyst particles. The highest TOC and COD removals being 58.3% and 62.9%, respectively, were obtained at pH of 10 for BB-41 and 55.2% and 58.8%, respectively, for BR-18.1 with alumina catalyst. On the other hand, for BY-28 PFOA catalyst yielded highest TOC and COD reductions being 61.3% and 66.9%, respectively, at pH of 4. Minimum fluidization velocity (uL,min), the hold-up values of gas, liquid and solid phases, the dispersion coefficients (DL), and volumetric ozone-water mass transfer coefficients (kLa) were estimated at various gas and liquid flow rates in order to observe the effect of liquid mixing in the reactor on ozonation process. While PFOA catalyst was found to be effective in oxidizing BY-28 in acidic conditions (pH=4), BR-18.1 and BB-41 are degraded in alkaline medium (pH=10) with alumina catalyst better compared to acidic conditions. For catalytic ozonation reactions in fluidized bed reactor, the highest dye removals in mixed dye solution were observed for BY- 28 being 99.29% for gas flow rate (QG) of 340 L/h, liquid flow rate (QL) of 150 L/h and pH=4, initial dye concentration being 30 mg/L of each dye with PFOA catalyst, while for BR-18.1 and BB-41 being 95.39% and 97.95% respectively for QG = 340 L/h, QL = 150 L/h and pH=10, initial dye concentration being 30 mg/L of each dye with alumina catalyst. The highest TOC and COD reductions, 25.2% and 32.4%, respectively, were achieved in the catalytic ozonation of the mixed dye using PFOA as the catalyst at a pH of 4 and at a gas to liquid flow rate ratio of 2.26 (QG = 340 L/h, QL = 150 L/h). Highest dye removals were obtained at the same gas and liquid flow rates as those of the highest TOC and COD reductions in the experiments. Empirical TOC removal equations were obtained as a function of inlet TOC concentration, solution pH, gas and liquid flow rates.
Bunhu, Tavengwa. "Preparation and evaluation of Lignocellulose-Montmorillonite nanocomposites for the adsorption of some heavy metals and organic dyes from aqueous solution." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/535.
Повний текст джерелаAl-Degs, Yahya Salim. "Adsorption of anionic reactive dyes on activated carbon from aqueous solution." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394600.
Повний текст джерелаSchmitt, Christophe. "Etude de la coacervation complexe entre la beta-lactoglobuline et la gomme d'acacia en solution aqueuse." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007723.
Повний текст джерелаBhamidipati, Kanthi Latha. "Detection and elimination of defects during manufacture of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43616.
Повний текст джерелаChevallier, Christophe. "Écoulements élongationnels de solutions diluées de polymères." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529305.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Willy Glen. "Estudo de transferência de energia eletrônica entre poli(p-fenilenovinileno) e corantes iônicos em solução." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75131/tde-07042008-140839/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to study the photochemical synthesis of poly(pphenylene vinylene) (PPV) and the energy transfer process evolving PPV and ionic dyes, such as Basic Blue-3, Resazurin, Eosin-Y, Safranin. It was observed that, in the synthesis of PPV precursor, the addition of NaOH in lager time intervals resulted in the inhibition of SN1 mechanism, avoiding the propagation of hydrolyzed polymers. FTIR and fluorescence emission measurements showed that the photochemical conversion from PTHT to PPV also generated oxidized polymers, as in thermal conversion. Electronic absorption of the system polymer-anionic dye revealed a red shift, suggesting the presence of complex species in the ground state. No structural changes or shifts were observed in the system polymer-cationic dye. Steady-state and time resolved fluorescence revealed that energy transfer occurs from the polymer excited-state to dye ground state, by Förster mechanism. For polymeranionic dye system, energy transfer occurs in ground state of both species. Dynamic quenching constant of PPV-Basic Blue-3 was determinated and compared with the static quenching constant. In this case, the quenching of fluorescence occurs by Förster energy transfer and also static quenching.
Ratcliff, J. "Reactive dyes for cellulose : selectivities in alcohol/water solutions." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638619.
Повний текст джерелаAtkinson, David. "Structure and Reactivity of 2-Arylazonaphthol Dyes in Solution and in Cellophane." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485333.
Повний текст джерелаEdwards, Douglas James. "Solution and solid-state studies of some bleachable semi-conducting photographic dyes." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/cdaa5aae-1c33-47cd-a361-1fdd4ad0ae33/1/.
Повний текст джерелаRasilingwani, Tshimangadzo Edward. "Removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution using a clay based nanocomposite." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1216.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Ecology and Resource Management
In this study, the efficacy of bentonite clay, pre-treated magnesite and their nanocomposite on the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution was explored. Batch experimental approach was a technique used to fulfil the goals of this study. A number of operational parameters were optimised, and they include effects of shaking time, adsorbent dosage, initial CR dye concentration, initial solution pH and temperature. Findings of the study revealed that the optimum conditions that are suitable for the removal of CR dye are 20 minutes, 0.5 g of dosage, 120 mg/L, 250 rpm, and pH = 7. This has achieved > 99% removal efficacy of CR dye for the nanocomposite and reduced it to below the South African National Standard (SANS) 241 water quality specifications. Furthermore, kinetic studies revealed that bentonite clay, pre-treated magnesite, and their nanocomposite fitted very well to pseudo-second-order kinetics than pseudo-first-order kinetics. The regression analysis was observed to be 1, 0.9, and 0.9 for bentonite clay, pre-treated magnesite, and their nanocomposite respectively. Adsorption isotherms indicated that CR removal by bentonite clay, pre-treated magnesite, and their nanocomposite fitted well to Langmuir adsorption isotherm than the Freundlich adsorption isotherm hence indicating mono-layer adsorption. Thermodynamic values for CR removal were observed to be: ΔH0 (kJ mol-1) = 43.86, 30.67, and 24.88 for bentonite clay, pre-treated magnesite, and their nanocomposite respectively. This indicates that the reaction is endothermic. The positive ΔS0 (kJ mol-1 K-1) values for bentonite clay and 25 °C for pre-treated magnesite confirms that there is an increase in the degree of randomness at solid/solution interface during the removal of CR ions from aqueous solution. The negative values of ΔG0 (kJ mol-1) for 40 – 70 °C on bentonite and the entire range for the nanocomposite suggest the spontaneity and feasibility of CR adsorption whereas the positive ΔG0 (kJ mol-1) for bentonite clay suggest a non-spontaneous nature of adsorption. As such, pre-treated magnesite/bentonite clay nanocomposite demonstrated superior adsorption capacity in relation to individual materials and other materials reported in literature.
NRF
Lee, Pei-Lin, and 李佩玲. "Treatment of Dye-containing Solution by Nanofiltration." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49951838786708121152.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
91
Experiments were run with three acid dyes (Acid red 4, Acid orange 10 and Acid red 27) and a Desal DK type nanofiltration. The effects of pressure, cross flow velocity, temperature, feed concentration and pH on flux and rejection were studied. Experimental results indicated that the separation of NaCl and NaNO3 was mainly due to the Donnan exclusion. The separation of dye solution was due to the sieving effect primarily and less important to the Donnan exclusion. The separation of dye solution was also significantly affected by the molecular size, charge and adsorption ability on the membrane of dye. The effects of operational factors showed that permeate flux increased with increasing pressure and temperature. The increasing concentration and the membrane carries the opposite charge as the dye reduced the permeate flux but enhanced permeate concentration. However, the rejections of dyes were more than 97% in all cases whatever the conditions.
FanChiang, Jen-Mao, and 范姜仁茂. "Degradation of anthraquinone dye in aqueous solution by ozonation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51505856573489673534.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
環境工程研究所
98
The objective of this study was to investigate the degradation of anthraquinone dyes in aqueous solution by ozonation using a semi-batch reactor. The effects of various operating parameters, such as initial dye concentrations, ozone feed rates and initial pH, on performance of color, dye, and TOC removal were evaluated. Also, possible dye degradation products were identified to investigate degradation pathways. Finally, the biodegradability enhancement of dye solution by ozonation was assessed. The experimental results showed that Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19) could be degraded by ozonation. The color and dye removal were more rapid and complete than TOC removal in all ozonation tests. However, increasing the initial RB-19 concentration had significant effect on decreasing the elimination of RB-19. In addition, increasing ozone feed rates had all positive effects on color, dye and TOC removal, particularly on TOC diminution. Also, the rate constant and efficiency of color removal were highest at initial acidic pH condition, but dye and TOC removal were more effective at the basic pH value likely due to more powerful and non-selective hydroxyl radical oxidation. The results of UV/VIS and FTIR spectra showed that the anthraquinone structures, nitrogen linkages and amino groups of RB-19 were destroyed under direct ozone reaction. The identification by LC-MS and GC-MS analyses indicated that some organic acids (e.g., phthalic acids) and 1,3-indanone could be the primary degradation products, respectively. Thus, the possible degradation pathways, which count on the initial destruction of either amino groups or C–N–Aromatic linkages, were proposed Basically, ozonation was confirmed to have potential to increase BOD5/COD ratio of RB-19 solution. On the other hand, ozonation also decreased Microtox toxicity and increased SOUR of RB-19 solution. The enhanced biodegradability was validated by screen tests, which revealed an improved DOC removal by biodegradation.
Hsu, Guo-cheng, and 徐國城. "Control and Observation of Solution Phase Dye Molecules Aggregation Effects." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3u4mh6.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
光電工程研究所
96
Luminescent properties of the dye molecules can be influenced by the environments as well as intermolecular interactions. Suitable control the aggregation can be useful for optoelectronic device applications. In this thesis, we investigate the spectroscopic properties of dye molecule, DiI_C18, in solutions. Solvents and concentrations are used to control the degree of aggregation. Absorption and emission are used to probe the properties. We use water, methanol, and ethylene glycol as key solvents to control the aggregation effects, especially the methanol solution mixing with water. As the concentration increased, the change of the absorption spectra are observed, which is caused by the aggregation between molecules. Two types of aggregations: head-to-tail structure and parallel structure, are proposed. Head-to-tail structure behaves red-shifted spectrum, and a corresponding shorter decay lifetime. On the contrary, parallel structure aggregation exhibits blue-shifted absorption spectrum and a longer fluorescence lifetime. Both structures are observed at different period after mixing. Only monomer exists in the methanol solution, even at high concentration. However, after missing with water, parallel structure aggregates are formed. Head-to-tail structure aggregates are formed after a much longer period, usually several hours after the mixing. These aggregates not only have different photo-physical properties. After high light intensity illumination, parallel structures are easier to turn into non-fluorescent structures, while head-to-tail structures last a longer period. Monomer structures exhibit the longest period. This provides additional evidence for the formation of different structures in the mixing solutions.
Chiou, Wen Chang, and 邱紋昌. "Study on electrical treatment of dye solution by Iron electrode." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90787887777225092945.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
化學工程研究所
81
Researching the reactions of electrodes and mechanism of color-removing through 山 type groove which contains the anode and cathode chambers , anode produces ferrous ions dissolving in the acid solution and pH rise upward according to cathode reaction. When the contents of the anode and the cathode chambers were mixiing , producing ferrous hydroxide in solution which chemically reacts with dye and coprecipitates to remove more than 88 % of color and organics. Reduction in voltage and increase in electrolysis time in the same electric quantity would rise efficiency. The solution , after electrolysis , controlled in the weak acid also rise decoloring efficiency. Three different types of dye were treated . The best efficiency of electrolysis is BWS direct dye , then is RS/HC acid dye and the worst is H-E3B reactive dye. The electrolysis of potassium chloride solution using山 type groove would produce little hypochlorous acid to oxidize dye. Application of streaming current technique to determine the best dose is done. The three different concentration ,100、200、300 ppm,dye solution were treated at pH 3. The streaming current readings controlled between -0.12 and -0.18 gains the best cogulation result. If the solution contains electrolyte streaming current readings will be interferenced and refer no relation to decoloring.
Chen, Shin Chung, and 陳溪泉. "Study on electrical treatment of dye solution by Aluminum electrode." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29144483580806075359.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
化學工程研究所
81
Electrolysis dyestuff solution, plate that is coated by polystyrene(inclusive Pd) can reduce sediment. Dyestuff solu- tion in electrobath flows from cathode to anode, plate arran- gement is cathode in bottom and anode in top. Then let bubble accures from bottom, it can help dyestuff floating. For three reactive dyes ( Evercion Navy Blue H-ER blue dye, Evercion Orange H-ER yellow dye, Evercion H-E3B red dye) ,the percent of decoloring in electrolysis Evercion H-E3B red dye is better. For three red dye ( RS H/C acid dye, Evercion H-E3B reactive dye, BWS direct dye), the percent of decoloring in electrolysis RS H/C acid dye is better. Evercion H-E3B dye is influence in PH value.When PH value more than 10, color can be changed from red to yellow. The bi- ggest absorption wavelength can be changed from 512 nm to 473 nm. The absorbility is also reduced. A dyestuff solution can be decolored by strong base. But dyestuff solution includes coag- ulation, then PH value must less than 7 and near 7, the effect of coagulation is better. That the sediment of coagulation solved in water,then it delivers dyestuff in full. But the sediment of electrolysis solved in water, then it delivers dyestuff only 76.36% . THe meaning is that some dyestuff is broken or associated by Alum- inum.
Nguyen, Chin. "Research portfolio: a new in-vitro methodology for the study of microleakage of low volume shrinkage composite resin." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/71849.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2011
Chen, Zhao-Ting, and 陳炤廷. "Application of modified magnetite to adsorb organic dye in aqueous solution." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6tx4c5.
Повний текст джерела國立宜蘭大學
環境工程學系碩士班
103
In this research, the surface of magnetite modified with silicate and phenyl polymers(Ph/ SiO2/ Fe3O4).It was used to adsorb organic dye-Rhodamine B in aqueous solution in a batch system. Thus, although the dye was confirmed toxic , it in Asia is still widely used. The magnetic adsorbent use Fe3O4 as core, after the sodium silicate coating as a magnetic carrier (SiO2/ Fe3O4). Utilize phenyltrimethoxysilane after modification of the polymer was dissolved in toluene phenyl connect magnetic adsorbent surface (Ph/ SiO2/ Fe3O4). And use this phenyl compound to absorb Rhodamine B, magnetic particles can overcome the aqueous solution of the problem of tiny particles recovered. The experiment utilizing FTIR, XRD and TGA analysis and other methods of material properties, can know phenyltrimethoxysilane successful polymerization of the magnetic carrier (Fe3O4). The pH of the reaction adsorption can understand that the magnetic adsorbent will not affect the adsorption capacity. The experimental adsorption isotherm data into the model can be understood, Ph / SiO2 / Fe3O4 on the adsorption behavior of Rhoda mine B is more in line with the Langmuir model can be estimated by the formula, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) and the free energy was 142.18 mg g 1 and -48.48kJ / mol. A pseudo-first-order model cold best describe the adsorption kinetics, the reaction rate constants can be substituted into the Arrhenius equation to calculate the activation energy of the reaction was 14.023 kJ / mol. The optimum condition to desorb Rhodamine B by Ph / SiO2 / Fe3O4 is provided by a solution with 100% ethanol.
Din, Jang-Jong, and 丁建中. "Study on An Electrolysis oxidation of Dye Solution by Carbon Fiber Electrode." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71601869447369104339.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
化學工程研究所
82
When use electrochemical treatment in the decolorization dyeing effluent, it was always operated with metal as a cathode. The metal cathode would react and dissolve in dyeing effluent. The metal ion which was contained in effluent is another pollution and increases the amount of sludge. The research use carbon fiber and stainless steel as a cathode and an anode. The equipment can be successful in remov- ing the color of dye from aqueous solution and don`t increase any sacond pollution. But this methode remove organic carbon very slowly. Following experiment, organic carbon were removed 16% during 90 minutes, but the dye was decomposed during 30 minutes. In order to research the reaction of electrolysis and mechanism of color- removing, choose H-type tube to treat dye solution. Then cell was operated in batch mode to understand the variables of operation (example:concentration of electro- lyte, concentraion of dye solution, voltage and pH value of initial dye solution, etc. ) and the effect of electrochemical treatment. Applying the above result operate cell of flowing cyclization mode. Cell of flowing cyclization mode can treat large amount of dye solution but the flow rate of dye solution must fit other operated condition. Following experiment, when the flow rate of dye solution were 30 and 50 ml/min, the decolor amount of per coulomb were 0.3 and 0.05mg.
Wang, Ling-Chi, and 王鈴祺. "Treatment of Dye and Isopropanol in Aqueous Solution by UV/La2Ti2O7 process." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66aex8.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
94
A highly donor-doped (110) layered perovskite, La2Ti2O7, was found to be an efficient photocatalyst under UV irradiation. The activity depended on the crystalline phase and the surface area of perovskite oxide. The grinding methods of the mixed oxide precursors before sintering as well as the sintering temperature affected the crystalline phase and the surface area of the formed perovskite. La2Ti2O7 in this study was prepared by solid state reaction (SSR) and the obtained powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-DRS, XPS and zeta potential. Photocatalytic degradation of dye and IPA in aqueous solution by UV/ La2Ti2O7 process was studied. The experiments were carried out under solution pH, initial concentration of RR22 and IPA, UV light intensity and catalyst loading. Photocatalytic degradation of RR22 and IPA in aqueous solution by UV/ La2Ti2O7 process was increased with increasing UV light intensity and catalyst loading. Photocatalytic degradation of RR22 and IPA in aqueous solution by UV/ La2Ti2O7 process was decreased with increasing initial concentration. Photocatalyst degradation was better in acid than in alkaline solution for IPA in aqueous solution by UV/ La2Ti2O7 process but the experimental trend of RR22 was different from IPA. The reaction rate of photocatalytic degradation was faster at pH=3.0, the slowest at pH=7.0 and that suddenly increased at solution pH 8.0~11.0. Reaction rate of RR22 photocatalytic degradation was faster than that of photolysis in acidic solution but reaction rate of RR22 photocatalytic degradation was slower than that of photolysis at pH=10.0~pH=11.0.
Hsu, Chun-Chih, and 許純芝. "Ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics of azo dye in solution and a polymer film." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19137824936481896647.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
電子物理系所
97
The photoisomerization of 4’-[(N,N-Dihydroxyethyl)amino]-nitroazobenzene (Disperse Red 19) in solution and in polymer film are investigated by femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Using broadband sub-10 fs visible pulses, the dynamics of electronic relaxation and molecular vibrations are observed in both samples. The motion of a wavepacket in the excited state out of the Franck-Condon state occurs on the time scale of ~100 fs. The excited state relaxation occurs with time constant of 0.63 ps in solution and 0.84 ps in polymer films. For a solution and a polymer film, the vibrational cooling in the ground state proceeds are 2.55 ps and 4.43 ps, respectively, suggesting that the isomerization dynamics are sensitive to the molecular environments. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first experimental observation for the ultrafast processes of DR19 in different molecular environments.
chen, Sin-Hong, and 陳信宏. "Photocatalytic Destruction of Dye in Aqueous Solution by TiO2-Based Composite Materials." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55596571845026197309.
Повний текст джерела大葉大學
環境工程學系碩士班
95
The objectives of this work are to prepare various TiO2-based composite materials using the photodeposition method, and to decompose different dyestuffs in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation. Several kinds of photocatalysts were synthesized, including TiO2/Al2O3, TiO2/GAC, Fe/TiO2/Al2O3, Ba/TiO2/Al2O3, and Sr/TiO2/Al2O3. Their physico-chemical characteristics were also analyzed by ICP-AES, BET, SEM/EDX, and XRD. Additionally, the optimum experimental conditions (including pH value, TiO2 loading, and initial dye concentration) were studied. The experimental results showed that the BET specific surface areas for the various photocatalysts are about 103~105 m2/g. As for the decay of dye concentration,rate equation of the pseudo-first-order reaction can be used to fit the data. It also revealed that the photocatalysts doped with metals (that is, Fe/ TiO2/Al2O3, Ba/TiO2/Al2O3,andSr/TiO2/Al2O3) had greater reaction rates and could remove dyestuffs more effectively. In addition, For both dye solutions (AR27 and RR141), the optimum pH value and photocatalyst loading were found to be 3 and 0.05g, respectively.
Hu, Bing-Chuen, and 胡秉淳. "All-solution process for manufacturing dye-sensitized solar cells photoelectrodes using inkjet printing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4nezx3.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄應用科技大學
機械與精密工程研究所
104
In this study, the titanium dioxide (TiO2) solution was printed on a conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass by inkjet printing to be used as a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoelectrode. The TiO2 electrode was yielded with porosity after sintering at 450 ° C. The counter electrode (CE) was yielded and compared with nano silver, graphene, platinum, and carbon. Using inkjet printing, the layer-stacked photoelectrode was obtained, while it was difficult using a doctor blade method. As compared to screen printing, inkjet printing easily generated the TiO2 photoelectrode with a mesh and grid pattern. The 3D micro structure of the photoelectrode pattern was obtained. At the same time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe its surface morphology and cross section. Using inkjet printing, its thickness was simply controlled with 10.25µm for printing of 4 layers. Then using platinum as a CE, the DSSC was found with a power conversion efficiency of 4.4%. These experiments result show that it is possible using inkjet printing for fabricating DSSC. This way of producing the photoelectrode still requires improvement in the method. In the future, the printing parameters and materials configuration can be further studied to increase the power conversion efficiency, and to be developed in flexible applications. Keyword:inkjet printing, TiO2, dye-sensitized solar cells, photoelectrode