Статті в журналах: "Duty day"

1

Mileder, Lukas P., and Thomas Wegscheider. "One day on duty." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 32, no. 7 (July 2015): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/eja.0000000000000240.

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2

Day, Dorothy. "Dorothy Day on the Duty of Delight." Chesterton Review 35, no. 1 (2009): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2009351/242.

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3

Fitzgerald, Sarah, Lynn Buckley, Ivan J. Perry, and Fiona Geaney. "The impact of a complex workplace dietary intervention on Irish employees’ off-duty dietary intakes." Health Promotion International 35, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz051.

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Abstract A paucity of evidence exists regarding the impact of workplace dietary interventions on employees’ off-duty dietary intakes. This study assessed the impact of workplace dietary interventions that included nutrition education and environmental dietary modification both alone and in combination on employees’ dietary intakes inside (on-duty) and outside (off-duty) of work. A pre–post study on employees’ on and off-duty dietary intakes was undertaken. Data were obtained from a complex workplace dietary intervention study (Food Choice at Work Trial). Four manufacturing workplaces were allocated to: Control (n = 111), nutrition education (n = 226), environmental dietary modification (n = 113) and nutrition education and environmental dietary modification combined (n = 400) (2013–14). Seven- to nine-month follow-up data were obtained for 517 employees (61% response) [Control (n = 67), Education (n = 107), Environment (n = 71) and Combined (n = 272)]. Dietary intakes were measured using 24-h dietary recalls. Differences between on and off-duty mean dietary intakes were compared and regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. Significant reductions in on-duty intakes of total fat (−14.2 g/day, p = 0.000), saturated fat (−7 g/day, p = 0.000), salt (−1.4 g/day, p = 0.000) and total sugars (−8.9 g/day, p = 0.003) were observed in the Combined and in the Environment [total fat (−11.4 g/d, p = 0.017) and saturated fat (−8.8 g/day, p = 0.000)]. In the Combined, significant changes were also observed in off-duty intakes of total fat (−10.0 g/day, p = 0.001), saturated fat (−4.2 g/day, p = 0.001), salt (−0.7 g/day, p = 0.020) and total sugars (−8.1 g/day, p = 0.020). Food service can have a positive impact in our everyday environments, including inside and outside of work. Dietary interventions combining nutrition education and environmental dietary modification can improve employees’ on and off-duty dietary intakes.

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4

Grünheid, T., G. E. J. Langenbach, A. Zentner, and T. M. G. J. Van Eijden. "Duty Time of Rabbit Jaw Muscles Varies with the Number of Activity Bursts." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 12 (December 2006): 1112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608501209.

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The relative duration of muscle activity during a specified period (duty time) varies depending on activity level and time of the day. Since both the number and the length of activity bursts contribute to the duty time, it was hypothesized that these variables would show intra-day variations similar to those of the duty time. To test this, we determined duty times, burst numbers, and burst lengths per hour, in relation to multiple activity levels, in a 24-hour period of concurrent radio-telemetric long-term electromyograms of various rabbit jaw muscles. The marked intra-day variation of the burst number resembled that of the duty time in all muscles, and was in contrast to the relatively invariable mean burst length. Furthermore, the duty times were more highly correlated with the number than with the length of bursts at all activity levels. Thus, the variation of the duty time in rabbit jaw muscles is caused mainly by changes in burst numbers.

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5

Hughes, G. "A life in the day of a duty consultant." Emergency Medicine Journal 23, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2006.042812.

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6

MacLennan, Euan. "The duty of confidentiality – Modern day implications on herbal practice." Journal of Herbal Medicine 1, no. 3-4 (December 2011): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2011.10.001.

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7

Sungar, Aditya, Shradha Gaikwad, Nihal Shinde, Mrunali Shirtar, and Prof Govind Pole. "WFH on Duty Employee Attendance System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42638.

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Abstract: Automatic face recognition (AFR) technologies have seen dramatic improvements in performance over the past years, and such systems are now widely used for security and commercial applications. So Smart Attendance using Real Time Face Recognition is a real world solution which comes with day to day activities of handling students. The task is very difficult as the real time background subtraction in an image is still a challenge. To detect real time human face are used and a simple fast Principal Component Analysis has used to recognize the faces de-tested with a high accuracy rate. The matched faces are used to mark attendance of the student. Our system maintains the attendance records of students automatically. Manual entering of in logbooks becomes a difficult task and it also wastes the time. So we designed an efficient module that comprises of face recognition to manage the attendance records of students. Our module enrols the student’s face. Keywords: Automatic Face Recognition(AFR), Employee Attendance System, Attendance Management System(AMS)

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8

Mazor, Joseph. "The Case for Citizen Duty." Social Theory and Practice 46, no. 1 (2020): 143–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract20201676.

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This article defends a novel type of institutionalized mass deliberation: Citizen Duty. Citizen Duty would legally require every citizen to engage in one day of diverse, moderated political deliberation prior to major elections. This deliberation would realize a variety of benefits, including wiser electoral decisions and a more respectful electoral process, while avoiding the dangers of citizen deliberation. A comparison with jury duty and with non-deliberative alternatives suggests that Citizen Duty’s substantial economic and liberty costs are justified. Finally, an examination of citizen attitudes towards politics and deliberation suggests that Citizen Duty is not as quixotic as it first appears.

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9

Storck, Thomas. "The Duty of Delight: the Diaries of Dorothy Day Dorothy Day Edited by Robert Ellsberg." Chesterton Review 41, no. 1 (2015): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2015411/217.

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10

Chen, Mingming, and Huimin Niu. "A Model for Bus Crew Scheduling Problem with Multiple Duty Types." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/649213.

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This paper presents an approach for solving the bus crew scheduling problem which considers early, day, and late duty modes with time shift and work intensity constraints. Furthermore, the constraint with the least crew number of a certain duty (e.g., day duty) has also been considered. An optimization model is formulated as a 0-1 integer programming problem to improve the efficiency of crew scheduling at the minimum expense of total idle time of crew for a circle bus line. Correspondingly, a heuristic algorithm utilizing the tabu search algorithm has been proposed to solve the model. Finally, the proposed model and algorithm are successfully tested by a case study.

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11

Chien, Jien-Wen, Chung-Yen Chen, Sheng-Hsuan Lin, Shih-Wen Lin, and Yu-Hsuan Lin. "Cardiac Autonomic Modulation during on-Call Duty under Working Hours Restriction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031118.

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Background: Medical residency is a time of high stress and long working hours, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the autonomic modulation of resident physicians throughout the on-call duty cycle. Methods: Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was used to compute cardiac parasympathetic modulation (high-frequency power, HF) and cardiac sympathetic modulation (normalized low-frequency power, LF%, and the ratio of LF and HF, LF/HF) of 18 residents for a consecutive 4-day cycle. Results: Male residents show reduced cardiac sympathetic modulation (i.e., higher LF/HF and LF%) than the female interns. Medical residents’ cardiac parasympathetic modulation (i.e., HF) significantly increased on the first and the second post-call day compared with the pre-call day. In contrast, LF% was significantly decreased on the first and the second post-call day compared with the pre-call day. Similarly, LF/HF was significantly decreased on the second post-call day compared with the pre-call day. LF/HF significantly decreased on the first post-call day and on the second post-call day from on-call duty. Conclusion: The guideline that limits workweeks to 80 h and shifts to 28 h resulted in reduced sympathetic modulation and increased parasympathetic modulation during the two days following on-call duty.

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12

Oldenburg, Marcus, and Hans-Joachim Jensen. "Sleepiness of day workers and watchkeepers on board at high seas: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028449.

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ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of sleepiness on duty among day workers and watchkeepers on board.DesignCross-sectional survey in a maritime field study.Setting10 shipping companies with container vessels under German management.ParticipantsThe whole crew (75 day workers and 123 watchkeepers) during 18 voyages on 18 different container ships.Outcome measuresSleepiness on duty and efficiency of sleep using pupillometry (in a cross-shift design) and the SenseWear armband activity monitor.ResultsThe watchkeepers showed significantly shorter sleep periods than day workers (5.5 hours vs 5.8 hours). The average efficiency of sleep was 69.6% and significantly lower among watchkeepers (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.88). 396 pupillometric examinations were carried out and revealed 88 study members (22.2%) with a pupillary unrest index (rPUI) in a range characterised as ‘unfit for duty’ and 110 seafarers (27.8%) categorised as ‘particular attention required’. The average rPUI was similar between day workers and watchkeepers. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale revealed recent daytime sleepiness in 70 seafarers, which was similarly often stated by day workers and watchkeepers. Based on the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), a measurable cross-shift increase in the SSS value during the examined shift was observed, especially among watchkeepers. The amount of time already spent on the vessel at the time of the present examination was significantly associated with the rPUI (p=0.009).ConclusionSleep periods of both the day workers and the watchkeepers aboard vessels were alarmingly short and sleep efficiency was low. Sleepiness on duty is similarly prevalent among day workers and watchkeepers and seems to depend partly on the cumulative working period on the vessels. Preventive measures need to be taken by the shipping industry to counteract fatigue (eg, by enabling sufficient rest and sleep times).

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13

Price, Sally, and Richard Price. "Cooks’ day off." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 71, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002618.

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[First paragraphs]After dishing out consecutive meals of pepper-pot, callaloo, rundown, migan, sancocho, and coo-coo, the NWIG bookcooks are weary and beg a respite. All else is here as usual; the only thing that's missing is the culinary metaphor.Once again it is our sad duty to publish the year's Caribbeanist Hall of Shame. As always, we list those books that (as of press time, January 1997) have not been reviewed because the scholars who agreed to the task have - despite reminder letters - neither provided a text nor relinquished the books so that they could be assigned to someone else. (Rather than listingdelinquent reviewers by initials alone as in the past, we indicate both initial and final letters here, in an attempt to forestall false accusations and protect the reputations of the innocent.) As in past years, these paragraphs may serve as a kind of backlist "books received."

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14

Lamm, Richard D. "Perspective: Death: Right or Duty?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6, no. 1 (1997): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007684.

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Too often, the limits of our language are the limits of our thinking. “If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought,” warned George Orwell. How we label something too often controls how we think about it. We get particular concepts in our head and they are hard to change. They govern how we think and how we act. “Disease” and “death” used to be considered as “God's will,” and it took hundreds of years and no small number of martyrs to get that corrected. It was very hard to develop modern medicine when so many subjects were thought of as outside of human control. Similarly, the number of children a woman had was thought to be “God's will,” and that has made the development of contraception controversial to this day. Human control over any part of human destiny is usually opposed vigorously. Humankind has the tendency to confuse the familiar with the necessary.

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15

Edelenbos, Carla. "Human Rights Violations: A Duty to Prosecute?" Leiden Journal of International Law 7, no. 2 (1994): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500002958.

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In this article, the author gives an overview of the main international legal norms that are relevant to imputiny for human rights violations, and their actual implementation, in order to answer the question whether imputiny is indeed in violation of present day general international law. In this context, attention will also be given to the development towards the establishment of an international criminal tribunal.

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16

Copeland, E. M. "Effects of duty hours and time of day on surgery resident proficiency." Yearbook of Surgery 2012 (January 2012): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ysur.2011.09.001.

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17

Brandenberger, Jared, Kanav Kahol, Ara J. Feinstein, Aaron Ashby, Marshall Smith, and John J. Ferrara. "Effects of duty hours and time of day on surgery resident proficiency." American Journal of Surgery 200, no. 6 (December 2010): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.06.009.

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18

McDonald, Jennifer, Darryl Potyk, David Fischer, Brett Parmenter, Teresa Lillis, Lindsey Tompkins, Angela Bowen, Devon Grant, Amanda Lamp, and Gregory Belenky. "Napping on the Night Shift: A Study of Sleep, Performance, and Learning in Physicians-in-Training." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-12-00324.1.

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Abstract Background Physicians in training experience fatigue from sleep loss, high workload, and working at an adverse phase of the circadian rhythm, which collectively degrades task performance and the ability to learn and remember. To minimize fatigue and sustain performance, learning, and memory, humans generally need 7 to 8 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period. Methods In a naturalistic, within-subjects design, we studied 17 first- and second-year internal medicine residents working in a tertiary care medical center, rotating between day shift and night float every 4 weeks. We studied each resident for 2 weeks while he/she worked the day shift and for 2 weeks while he/she worked the night float, objectively measuring sleep by wrist actigraphy, vigilance by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task test, and visual-spatial and verbal learning and memory by the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Results Residents, whether working day shift or night float, slept approximately 7 hours in every 24-hour period. Residents, when working day shift, consolidated their sleep into 1 main sleep period at night. Residents working night float split their sleep, supplementing their truncated daytime sleep with nighttime on-duty naps. There was no difference in vigilance or learning and memory, whether residents worked day shift or night float. Conclusions Off-duty sleep supplemented with naps while on duty appears to be an effective strategy for sustaining vigilance, learning, and memory when working night float.

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Chang, Yu-San, Yu-Hsuan Wu, Hsiang-Lan Chen, and Chung-Yao Hsu. "Four Night Shifts Have a Degree of Performance Adaptation." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, no. 6 (June 5, 2017): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720817711285.

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Objective: In this case control study, we investigated the process of adaptation to night shift (NS) work and recovery back to a day schedule among nurses working a fast-rotation three-shift schedule. Background: There is limited knowledge of how specific patterns of a fast-rotation shift affect nurses’ performance. Method: The cognitive performance of off-duty nurses (OD; n = 21), those working the first night of an NS (1NS; n = 21) and the last night of two ( n = 21), three ( n = 20), and four (4NS; n = 21) successive NSs were compared. Changes in sleep propensity, cognitive function, and anxiety were compared in the daytime after working four successive NSs followed by 24 hr off (4NS-off; n = 18) and in those off duty. Results: The visual attention task (VAT) of cognitive function was significantly worse in the 1NS group and significantly better on the last night in the 4NS group than in the other NS groups. The nurses in the 4NS-off group were less alert and had poorer VAT performance than the OD group during the daytime. Conclusion: The nurses working on NS experienced a decrease in VAT performance due to acute changes in circadian rhythm but also significant performance adaptation after four consecutive NSs. One off-duty day was insufficient to recover back to a daytime shift after four consecutive NSs. Application: In a fast-rotation three-shift schedule, performance adaptation occurred in the nurses who worked four consecutive NSs, and more than one off-duty day are needed to recover back to daytime shift after those NSs.

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20

Lewis, Aubrey. "Dilemmas in psychiatry." Psychological Medicine 21, no. 3 (August 1991): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700022212.

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Socrates said that it was the duty of teachers to be gad-flies, stirring people up, irritating them rather, but perhaps serving a useful purpose on the way. I propose therefore to present some of the unsettling and disturbing issues which psychiatrists encounter in their day-to-day work.

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21

Clanton, T. L., G. F. Dixon, J. Drake, and J. E. Gadek. "Effects of breathing pattern on inspiratory muscle endurance in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.6.1834.

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Endurance of the inspiratory muscles was measured in normal volunteers using a threshold resistance that produced a relatively constant mouth-pressure load, independent of inspiratory flow rate (VTI). Breathing pattern was controlled by visual feedback from an oscilloscope. Endurance was measured as the length of time (Tlim) a target VTI could be maintained with maximum effort. Effects of changes in breathing pattern on Tlim were compared with control measurements made the same day. Increases in VTI or in duty cycle (inspiratory time/total period) shortened Tlim, whereas decreases lengthened Tlim. However, effects of changes in VTI were less than equivalent changes in tidal volume produced by alterations in duty cycle. Furthermore, when two breathing pattern changes were altered simultaneously to keep the rate of external inspiratory work (Winsp) constant, significant effects due to changes in duty cycle were still observed. In conclusion, 1) both VTI and duty cycle have significant effects on measurements of inspiratory muscle endurance and 2) the effects of VTI are less than the effects of duty cycle for the same Winsp.

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22

Posard, Marek N., Marc Hultquist, and David R. Segal. "Adjusting the Duty Day Schedule to Improve Health and Family Life in Garrison." Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 23, no. 6 (August 2013): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2013.795086.

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23

Kirby, Jennifer. "Efficiency in International Arbitration: Whose Duty Is It?" Journal of International Arbitration 32, Issue 6 (December 1, 2015): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2015032.

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This article tracks a talk the author gave at Helsinki Arbitration Day 2015.The author notes that the issue of efficiency in international arbitration is often misunderstood to be a matter of time and cost, when it is really a question of the relationship between time, cost, and quality. Anyone who thinks that arbitration can be fast, cheap and good should think again. While parties and their counsel and arbitral institutions can help to reduce time and cost, it ultimately falls to the arbitrator to make arbitration more efficient. But any effort to increase efficiency amounts to nothing more than tinkering with a well-oiled prosperity machine.

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24

Fischer, Olivia, and James Loparics. "Specialised Professional Training Makes a Difference! The Importance and Prestige of Typical Duties in All-Day Schools from the Perspective of Teachers, Leisure Educators, Principals and Coordinators of Extended Education." IJREE – International Journal for Research on Extended Education 8, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijree.v8i2.08.

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In Austria there is a specialised education (60 ECTS) for “leisure educators”, who are professionals working in all-day schools in the field of extended education but who are not teachers. Despite the existence of leisure educators, also teachers are often tasked with supervising extended education settings like lunchtime, extra-curricular activities and uncommitted free time in all-day schools in Austria. This paper aims to illustrate the difference of prestige that comes with different fields of duty in extended education and the implications of that difference. The paper is based on a quantitative study carried out in all-day schools in Vienna. It looks at the prestige of typical professional duties in all-day schools and at the importance attached to these duties by different professional groups. Leisure educators assign a higher importance to non-formal activities than teachers or other professional groups do. Yet, these activities represent relevant fields of duty in respect of training children and adolescents in 21st century skills. Hence the authors propose to address typical extended education duties in teacher education to enable all-day school professional teams to work on eye-level and efficiently.

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25

Shea, Judy A., Jeffrey H. Silber, Sanjay V. Desai, David F. Dinges, Lisa M. Bellini, James Tonascia, Alice L. Sternberg, et al. "Development of the individualised Comparative Effectiveness of Models Optimizing Patient Safety and Resident Education (iCOMPARE) trial: a protocol summary of a national cluster-randomised trial of resident duty hour policies in internal medicine." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (September 2018): e021711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021711.

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IntroductionMedical trainees’ duty hours have received attention globally; restrictions in Europe, New Zealand and some Canadian provinces are much lower than the 80 hours per week enforced in USA. In USA, resident duty hours have been implemented without evidence simultaneously reflecting competing concerns about patient safety and physician education. The objective is to prospectively evaluate the implications of alternative resident duty hour rules for patient safety, trainee education and intern sleep and alertness.Methods and analysis63 US internal medicine training programmes were randomly assigned 1:1 to the 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education resident duty hour rules or to rules more flexible in intern shift length and number of hours off between shifts for academic year 2015–2016. The primary outcome is calculated for each programme as the difference in 30-day mortality rate among Medicare beneficiaries with any of several prespecified principal diagnoses in the intervention year minus 30-day mortality in the preintervention year among Medicare beneficiaries with any of several prespecified principal diagnoses. Additional safety outcomes include readmission rates, prolonged length of stay and costs. Measures derived from trainees’ and faculty responses to surveys and from time-motion studies of interns compare the educational experiences of residents. Measures derived from wrist actigraphy, subjective ratings and psychomotor vigilance testing compare the sleep and alertness of interns. Differences between duty hour groups in outcomes will be assessed by intention-to-treat analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the protocol and served as the IRB of record for 40 programmes that agreed to sign an Institutional Affiliation Agreement. Twenty-three programmes opted for a local review process.Trial registration numberNCT02274818; Pre-results.

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Grigg, Margaret, Helen Herrman, and Carol Harvey. "What is Duty/Triage? Understanding the Role of Duty/Triage in an Area Mental Health Service." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 6 (December 2002): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01088.x.

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Objective: To describe the duty/triage system within one urban area mental health service in Australia and to investigate the factors that affect the decision to organize a comprehensive assessment. Method: Data was collected from 3 months of duty/triage information and key informant interviews. Policies and procedures related to duty/triage were reviewed. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Results: Two thousand, six hundred and three contacts with duty/triage occurred over a 3-month period. Half of these were related to patients new to the service. Most contacts were self-referrals or referrals from a carer. Few referrals came through the primary health care sector. New patients were more likely to be assessed if the referral was presented in technical language and if it was initiated by a health professional, particularly a general practitioner, emergency department or other mental health service. Assessment was less likely if the patient or carer initiated the referral, if the problem was presented in vague or non-technical terms, if there was a drug or alcohol problem or if the person refused care. Conclusions: A substantial number of potential patients contact a duty/triage worker every day. However, there is little interaction with the primary care sector, limited documentation of risk and a lack of consistency in the documented reasons for the service response. Further investigation is needed of the conditions conducive to consistent quality decision making at the point of entry to a specialist mental health service.

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Womack, Dustin. "Solely Beneficial: How Benefit Corporations May Change the Duty of Care Analysis for Traditional Corporate Directors in Delaware." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 8.1 (2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.8.1.solely.

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Rather than adding to the voluminous literature assessing the necessity of benefit corporations themselves or the possible liability of their directors, this Note concerns itself only with how benefit corporations will impact the fiduciary duty of care analysis for the directors of traditional corporations constituted in the state of Delaware. Further, this Note is only concerned with liability arising from claims alleging that a day-to-day directorial decision resulted in a breach of the duty of care. As such, this Note does not address any other potential liability predicated on other situations or duties. Finally, this Note provides general background information about the relevant legal issues discussed, but it assumes that the reader has a working familiarity with the general features of a corporate entity and the mechanics of how litigation might be brought against it.

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28

Uncu, Nuşin, Berna Bulğurcu, and Fatih Kılıç. "Distance restricted maximal covering model for pharmacy duty scheduling problem." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2018.00557.

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Pharmacies are considered as an integral part of health care systems for supplying medicine to patients. In order to access medicine with ease, pharmacies locations in the context of distance and demand are important for patients. In the case of a few numbers of pharmacies may be on duty at nights or during holidays, pharmacies duty scheduling problem occur and can be associated with location models. In contrast to widely used p-median model which aims to minimize the demand-weighted distance, we maximize the demand covered over the distance between the patients and the pharmacies on duty. Main contribution of the proposed model is the restriction constraint for the distance between pharmacies on duty in order to ensure fairness in an organizational view of point. We propose a distance restricted maximal covering location model (DR-MCLM) in this study. This mathematical model is a mixed integer linear programming model and solved by Lingo optimization software. The distances between the pharmacies and the sites are obtained using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The model is applied for the case in Adana, one of the biggest cities in Turkey. The results are given on the maps of the city, including the pharmacies on duty and their assignments to sites in each day of the period.

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Zhang, Tao, Wei Guo Li, and Yi Chao Li. "Realization and Design of SMS Alarm System in Satellite TT&C Ground Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1413.

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The existed MCS in ground station is local monitoring and control system , so there must be a man on duty all day long to monitor the whole system . In order to make all the staff of the station get the real time alarm messages of the system , we use a SMS modem and a serial server to realize the SMS alarm system on the basis of existed MCS in the ground station . The program language is Visual C#.Net . Based on the alarm system , the staff not on duty can also get the alarm messages of devices in ground station .

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Samuels, Alec. "Progress and litigation: protecting the urge to innovate in an increasingly litigious environment." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 9 (October 2014): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363514x14042954769078.

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Does the doctor have a duty to advance medicine? In law it is said that ‘every man is a debtor to his profession’. Doctors should always seek to do a good job, to improve their practice, to advance the progress of medicine. The doctor may be of an aspirational or progressive disposition, may work in research or in an academic and teaching post, which ideally should be linked to a practical post. As an ‘ordinary’ practitioner he or she may lack creative ideas, be very busy with day-to-day ordinary conventional ‘humdrum’ work and therefore may not have much opportunity for innovation. However, doctors are required to undergo regular training throughout their careers, in order to keep up to date. It is suggested that medical practitioners have a duty to do what they can to improve and advance medicine, within certain restraints. If new techniques are not tried out then medical progress will be stifled.

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Hang, J., J. B. Fleming, M. L. Wells, and T. H. Adair. "Miniaturized electrical stimulator with controllable duty cycles." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): H1373—H1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.3.h1373.

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A stimulator with adjustable duty cycles is described for chronic electrical stimulation of skeletal muscles by way of a motor nerve. The stimulator is unique in that it can stimulate a muscle or group of muscles for 2-h intervals that alternate with variable periods of rest (2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 h). A given duty cycle is selected with a rotary switch at the beginning of an experiment and will continue automatically, without human intervention, for the duration of the experiment. Other features include an adjustable voltage output, a stimulation indicator light-emitting diode (LED), and a low-battery indicator LED. The stimulator is powered by two 9-V batteries or can be used with a bench-top power supply. The stimulation frequency (10 Hz) and pulse width (300 microseconds) are fixed in our design but can be changed to other values by substituting two of the resistors and one capacitor in accordance with simple formulas. We have used the stimulator in rat and rabbit experiments to stimulate the anterior tibialis and extensor digitorum longus muscles for up to 60 days. The timing and output of the stimulator were found to be stable and accurate over the entire 60-day period. The stimulator and batteries were carried in a jacket worn by the rabbits. In the rat experiments, the stimulator was used in a remote fashion with the electrical leads connected to the animals by way of a tethering system. In both animals, the electrodes were implanted adjacent to the common peroneal nerve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Goodale, Wing, Lee Attix, and David Evers. "Common Loon, Gavia immer, Nest Attendance Patterns Recorded by Remote Video Camera." Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i3.163.

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We recorded the complete day/night nesting attendance of a Common Loon (Gavia immer) pair using a remote video camera. We found that the male and female share incubation duty equally, but that the female incubates primarily at night (95.8%) when the male defends the territory.

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Rybachok, Oksana. "Medical Worker Day." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2006-11.

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The Medical Worker Day is celebrated in Russia every year on the third Sunday of June. This year's celebration falls on June 21, and it is more relevant than ever - hundreds and thousands of doctors and nurses are at the forefront in the fight against a terrible epidemic this year that did not spare anyone - neither old people, nor even children. They still continue to fight for the human lives, and do it every day. Since the Second World War, our planet has not been in such a crisis. During the current pandemic, the situation is aggravated by a lack of understanding of the scale of the process, a lack of knowledge about the pathogen, the absence of etiotropic treatment and methods of specific prophylaxis. Doctors are not Gods; they turned out to be able to go a long way, but, unfortunately, have not yet learned to perform miracles. It’s widely known that at the present stage in the world there is a lack of about 6 million nurses, and after all, they are one of the most important links performing doctors’ orders. It is their work and dedication to the chosen cause that leads to competent treatment and speedy recovery of patients. The problem of the shortage of medical personnel is typical for the health care of a large number of countries, however, abroad, a partial easing of the developing shortage of secondary medical personnel is ensured by active involvement of social workers in the healthcare sector, which helps to reduce the workload of medical personnel by delegating part of the duties to workers without medical education [1]. For centuries, medicine has been considered one of the most revered and responsible professions. Everyday care for the health of the population, the prevention of diseases, the return of patients to a full life – it gives a special status to medical workers, people of the highest public duty.

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Amerkhanova, Gulnara I., Aleksey I. Khatsrinov, and Lyubov A. Zenitova. "Composite Materials Based on Plasma Treated Basalt Fibers for Heavy-Duty Concrete Products." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.175.

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The paper investigates the effect of plasma treatment of basalt fiber on its wettability, which is determined by the ability to absorb water. As the treatment time increases the wettability becomes higher, up to 10 minutes. The wettability-treatment power dependence passes through a maximum. The highest value is observed at a treatment power of 0.6 kW both on the day of treatment and after a 5-day rest period. A further growth in power not only does not increase this value, but in fact decreases it. The retreatment after a 5-day curing period yields lower results, but remains sufficiently high. The highest wettability is observed at a treatment power of 0.6 kW, gas flow rate of 0.04 g/s, chamber pressure of 20 Pa, air/argon mixture (1:1) as plasma support gas. The strength of concrete specimens BST V40 P2 was tested with two treatment modes: in mode 1 the treatment time was 10 minutes, the treatment power was 1.5 kW; and in mode 2 the treatment time was 5 minutes, the treatment power was 0.6 kW, with the addition of plasma treated basalt fiber (0.5 and 3 mass percent). Concrete has the highest strength when basalt fiber (3 mass percent) is subjected to plasma treatment in mode 2. In addition, the strength increases by 18 mass percent in comparison with the reference.

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Kanda, Yasuo, Kiyomi Takano, Sachiko Nakazawa, Hironobu Namiki, Hiroshi Kawahira, Taiko Ishino, Mozumi Hoshino, et al. "Issues of day and night duty system at blood transfusion service to support emergency medicine." Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion 40, no. 3 (1994): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.40.474.

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Klose, K. John, G. L. Wallace-Barnhill, and N. W. B. Craythorne. "PERFORMANCE TEST RESULTS FOR ANESTHESIA RESIDENTS OVER A FIVE DAY WEEK INCLUDING ON-CALL DUTY." Anesthesiology 63, Supplement (September 1985): A485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198509001-00485.

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37

Youn, Ik-Hyun, and Jung-Min Lee. "Seafarers’ Physical Activity and Sleep Patterns: Results from Asia-Pacific Sea Routes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 7266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197266.

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Prolonged ocean voyages constrain the regular physical activity and sleep patterns of seafarers. However, there is a lack of information on seafarers’ physical activity and sleep behavior. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine physical activity and sleep patterns among seafarers using a single wrist-worn accelerometer. Fifty-one senior maritime students (mean age = 22.8 years; 80.0% male) in a university navigation department participated in the study. Data were collected from participants on three sea voyages in the Asia-Pacific region. Indicators of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sleep patterns were compared between several conditions: (1) moored versus sailing, (2) on-navigation duty and off- navigation duty, and (3) day versus night navigation duty. Regardless of conditions, low levels of physical activity and short sleep durations were observed. Independent sample t-tests revealed that time spent doing MVPA was significantly higher when participants were off-duty than when they were on-duty (p < 0.001). Physical activity did not significantly differ between the other two conditions. While total sleep duration was not significantly different between mooring and sailing, the results showed that participants awakened more frequently (p = 0.007) and their sleep was more restless (p < 0.001) while sailing. The results demonstrated that developing effective programs to promote physical activity should be a public health priority for the seafaring population, and serious consideration is required to mitigate sleep disruption during sailing.

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McGinnis, Kaitlin, Jeremy McAdam, Christopher Lockwood, Kaelin Young, Michael Roberts, and JoEllen Sefton. "Impact of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Injuries in Army Initial Entry Training Soldiers." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10121938.

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This project investigated whey protein and/or carbohydrate supplementation effects on musculoskeletal injury (MSI) outcomes. Four groups of Initial Entry Training soldiers consumed either: (1) one protein (38.6 g, 293 kcal); (2) one carbohydrate (63.4 g, 291 kcal); (3) two protein (77.2 g, 586 kcal); or (4) two carbohydrate servings/day (126.8 g, 582 kcal) after physical training and before bed, or before bed only. Odds Ratio, Chi-square and Wilcoxon ranked-sum test compared supplementation/no supplementation, number of servings, and protein/carbohydrate for MSI and limited/missed duty rates and limited/missed training days. Non-matched pairs group averages were compared to 2015/2016 historical data. Non-supplemented soldiers were approximately 5× more likely to sustain a MSI (χ2 = 58.48, p < 0.001) and 4× more likely to miss training (χ2 = 9.73, p = 0.003) compared to two servings. Non-supplemented soldiers missed five additional training days compared to two servings (W = 6059.5, p = 0.02). Soldiers consuming one serving were approximately 3× more likely to sustain a MSI than two servings (χ2 = 9.55, p = 0.002). There was no difference in limited/missed duty rates or limited/missed training days between consuming one or two servings. There was no difference between consuming one serving versus no supplementation or protein versus carbohydrate supplementation for any outcome variable. Soldiers consuming 2 servings/day of protein or carbohydrate had lower MSI rates, limited/missed duty rates, and limited/ missed training days compared to non-supplemented soldiers.

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Jeffery, M. R. "A simple method for collecting urine samples from male cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 1 (2004): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02207.

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A harness arrangement made from heavy duty plastic, velcro strips and absorbent cloth allowed the collection of spot samples of urine from 36 steers confined in individual feeding pens. Clean samples of up to 50�mL were collected from all steers on each sampling day without operators being present at all times.

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Zietsman, Josias, and Dennis G. Perkinson. "Estimating Extended Idling Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks in Texas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1941, no. 1 (January 2005): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194100105.

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Long-haul truck drivers idle their vehicles to operate heating systems and air conditioners, generate electricity, charge the vehicles’ batteries, and warm up the engines. This type of idling, which often occurs over extended periods and could be a significant source of emissions, is expected to increase because of the U.S. Department of Transportation's latest rule mandating that truck drivers rest 10 h for every 14 h of driving. The emissions associated with this type of discretionary idling occurring at the beginning and end of trips are not included in emissions inventories and can be an important contributor to the overall mobile source emissions. There is, therefore, a need to develop a procedure that would yield accurate estimates of extended truck idling emissions. This study developed such a methodology by using a nonattainment area in Texas as a pilot study. On the basis of interviews and observations made at generators such as truck stops, public rest areas, industries, ports, and intermodal facilities, a model was developed to perform the emissions estimates. The procedure was applied to the remaining metropolitan areas in Texas. It was found that extended truck idling emissions were a major source of mobile source emissions, resulting in emissions of more than 30 tons per day of oxides of nitrogen and more than 0.8 ton per day of particulate matter in Texas metropolitan areas. Although these emissions represent less than 4% of the overall on-road mobile source emissions, they are important in assisting nonattainment areas to reach conformity.

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Nakayama, Don K., William M. Thompson, Julie L. Wynne, Martin L. Dalton, Andrew T. Bozeman, and Bruce J. Innes. "The Effect of ACGME Duty Hour Restrictions on Operative Continuity of Care." American Surgeon 75, no. 12 (December 2009): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480907501216.

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Resident work restrictions limit participation in operations that address problems created by a prior operation, because complications occur at any time. We compared resident and attending surgeon staffing of operative complications. We reviewed all complications that required a second operation reported at our Morbidity and Mortality Conference over 1 year, noting surgeons present, their postgraduate year level, and call shift. Comparisons were done using χ2. Of 142 cases, 39 involved a second operation. The same attending surgeon was present for both in 79 per cent of cases, whereas the same resident was present in only 44 per cent ( P = 0.002). Postgraduate year 4 to 5 were less likely to be present for second operations than attendings (48% vs 87%, P = 0.011). Resident shift (day, night float, and weekend) was known in 32 cases. When the first operation occurred during day hours, attendings and residents were equally likely to be present at the second (55% and 45%, P = 0.16). When original operations took place during night float or weekend shifts, residents were less likely to be present (33%) than attendings (83%) at second operations ( P = 0.036). Duty hour restrictions interfere with operative continuity of care. Reoperations should be exempted from duty hour restrictions.

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Corley-Lay, Judith B. "Friction and Surface Texture Characterization of 14 Pavement Test Sections in Greenville, North Carolina." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1639, no. 1 (January 1998): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1639-17.

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Three locked-wheel skid trailers, International Cybernetics Corporation (ICC) Model MOR 5041 and K. J. Law Models M 1270 and M 1290, were tested at three speeds on 14 test sections located in Greenville, North Carolina. The test sections included a heavy-duty surface course, polymer-modified heavy-duty surface course, rubber-modified heavy-duty surface course, heavy-duty surface course with carbon black, stone mastic with fibers, polymer-modified stone mastic, and large-stone surface course. Multivariate regression analysis of friction number versus speed for the three test vehicles was performed. Despite having been load cell calibrated 1 day before testing, the ICC MOR 5041 results were statistically different from those of the other skid trailers on all but one test section. The two K. J. Law skid trailers were statistically different from each other, either on intercept or slope, on more than half of the test sections. Each individual skid trailer provided repeatable results with a standard deviation of about 2 when testing was done at 64 km/h, with a higher standard deviation for testing at lower speed. The frictional resistance of the test sections was compared by ranking frictional number at 64 km/h and rate of decline of friction number with speed. The best frictional performance was provided by the heavy-duty surface course and the large-stone surface course, and stone mastic with fibers and stone mastic with polymer were ranked poorest. None of the test sections had an average friction number less than 40, even when tested at 80 km/h.

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Mital, Amit Kumar. "Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Police Personnel during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study in North India." Epidemiology International 06, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202106.

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Background: COVID-19 pandemic has posed a public health threat to the whole world. The frontline line workers including police personnel involved in COVID-19 management and containment are at risk of mental health problems. Aims: To estimate mental health problems like stress, anxiety, and depression in police personnel and to determine their underlying drivers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among police personnel of city Rohtak in April 2020. 8 police stations and 13 check-posts were selected randomly by lottery method. Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 Scale was used. Statistical analyses were undertaken using MS Excel, Epi Info, and R software. Results: 298 policemen were screened for mental problems. Their mean age was 39 ± 9.7 years. 20.1%, 13.8%, and 3.4% had stress, anxiety, and depression respectively. 172 (57.7%) respondents were not satisfied with their COVID duty hours. 239 (80.2%) subjects believed that they are at risk of getting the infection due to their duties in COVID-19 containment zones. About 68.8% of participants believed that their families were at risk of getting the infection because of their COVID-19 duty. The study subjects who were not satisfied with their duty hours had 2.4 and 3.5 times more risk of stress and anxiety as compared with those who were satisfied with them. Conclusion: Policemen are at significant risk for stress, anxiety, and depression due to COVID related duties. Identifiable risk factors were number of working hours per day, dissatisfaction with duty hours, and risk of contracting corona infection due to COVID-19 duty.

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Riedy, Samantha, Drew Dawson, Desta Fekedulegn, Michael Andrew, Bryan Vila, and John M. Violanti. "Fatigue and short-term unplanned absences among police officers." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2019-0165.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess whether shift work, sleep loss and fatigue are related to short-term unplanned absences in policing.Design/methodology/approachN = 367 police officers from the Buffalo Police Department were studied. Day-by-day work and sick leave data were obtained from the payroll. Absenteeism was defined as taking a single sick day on a regularly scheduled workday. Biomathematical models of fatigue (BMMF) predicted officers' sleep–wake behaviors and on-duty fatigue and sleepiness. Prior sleep, fatigue and sleepiness were tested as predictors of absenteeism during the next shift.FindingsA total of 513,666 shifts and 4,868 cases of absenteeism were studied. The odds of absenteeism increased as on-duty fatigue and sleepiness increased and prior sleep decreased. This was particularly evident for swing shift officers and night shift officers who were predicted by BMMF to obtain less sleep and have greater fatigue and sleepiness than day shift officers. The odds of absenteeism were higher for female officers than male officers; this finding was not due to a differential response to sleep loss, fatigue or sleepiness.Practical implicationsAbsenteeism may represent a self-management strategy for fatigue or compensatory behavior to reduced sleep opportunity. Long and irregular work hours that reduce sleep opportunity may be administratively controllable culprits of absenteeism.Originality/valuePolice fatigue has consequences for police officers, departments and communities. BMMF provide a potential tool for predicting and mitigating police fatigue. BMMF were used to investigate the effects of sleep and fatigue on absenteeism.

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Beham Kalitha, M. "The Feelings of The Womam in Present Day Poems." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i2.4419.

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Poems are composed by many from ancient time till date, those who are having interest, great vocabulary and its timely and proper use are sustained and became famous in this field. In poems of this great people the events happened in their own life or witnessed by them will be the core of their poems. In this order, this poem is also the one which is expressing the feelings of the woman. The important relationship in the whole world and which one make us proud is “MOTHER”. This poem shed light on the feelings of the mother, the atrocities imposed on her in the name of family values or duty of mother and the husband’s doubts about her morality. Also, this is explaining about the sexual harassments of the working woman and their mindset, infant suffering, and the one still in home without marriage due to religion, cast, creed, and financial difficulties. In short this is detailing all the sufferings of a woman in non-traditional poetry form.

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Pearson, Charlotte, Nick Watson, Kirsten Stalker, Jo Ferrie, Jennifer Lepiniere, and Kevin Paterson. "Mainstreaming the Disability Equality Duty and the Impact on Public Authorities' Working Practices." Social Policy and Society 10, no. 2 (February 24, 2011): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000588.

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Implemented as part of the 2005 amendments to the Disability Equality Act, the Disability Equality Duty (DED) placed new and important demands on public sector bodies. All such organisations are required to develop policies and working practices which actively promote the equality of disabled people as employees, consumers or visitors. The promotion of equality has to be proactive as opposed to reactive and must be mainstreamed into the normal day-to-day activities of organisational working practices. Whilst the DED follows on from the framework of previous anti-discrimination legislation set in place over the last 15 years, it represents a significant change in equality legislation and demands that public sector bodies instigate fundamental changes in their approach towards disability. This article reports on the initial stages of the implementation process of the DED across a range of public sector organisations in England, focussing in particular on how this policy has impacted on mainstreaming. Discussion shows that although organisations show awareness of mainstreaming and its implications for disability equality, there is limited evidence to suggest that the public sector has fully embraced this agenda.

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Pilcher, June J., Heather M. Teichman, Stephen M. Popkin, Krista R. Hildebrand, and Michael K. Coplen. "Effect of Day Length on Sleep Habits and Subjective On-Duty Alertness in Irregular Work Schedules." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1865, no. 1 (January 2004): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1865-11.

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48

Bruce, Joanne, and Ian Wong. "Parenteral Drug Administration Errors by Nursing Staff on an Acute Medical Admissions Ward During Day Duty." Drug Safety 24, no. 11 (2001): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200124110-00006.

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49

Rodriguez, Ludrena C. "Creation of a Same-Day, Walk-in Contraception Clinic for Active-Duty Women and Military Spouses." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 48, no. 3 (June 2019): S13—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2019.04.023.

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50

Drolet, Brian C., Ina Y. Soh, Paul A. Shultz, and Staci A. Fischer. "A Thematic Review of Resident Commentary on Duty Hours and Supervision Regulations." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-11-00259.1.

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Abstract Background The implementation on July 1, 2011, of new Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) standards for resident supervision and duty hours has prompted considerable debate about the potential positive and negative effects of these changes on patient care and resident education. A recent large-sample study analyzed resident responses to these changes, using a Likert scale response. In this same study, 874 residents also provided free-text comments, which provide added insight into resident perspectives on duty hours and supervision. Methods A mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative survey of residents was conducted in August 2010 to assess resident perceptions of the proposed ACGME regulations. Common concerns in the residents' free responses were synthesized and quantified using content analysis, a common method for qualitative research. Results A total of 11 617 residents received the survey. Completed surveys were received from 2561 residents (22.0%), with 874 residents (34.1%) providing free-text responses. Most residents (83.0%) expressed unfavorable opinions about the new standards. The most frequently cited concerns included coverage issues, and a negative impact on patient care and education, as well as lack of preparation for senior roles. A smaller portion of residents commented they thought the standards would contribute to improvements in quality of life (36.1%) and patient care (4.9%). Conclusions ACGME standards are important for graduate medical education, and their aim is to promote high-quality education and better care to patients in teaching institutions. Yet, many residents are concerned about the day-to-day impact of the 2011 regulations, in particular the 16-hour duty period for interns. Most residents who provided free-text responses had a negative impression of the new ACGME regulations. Residents' resistance to duty hour changes may represent a realization that residents are losing a central role in patient care. The concerns identified in this study demonstrate important issues for administrators and policymakers. Resident ideas and opinions should be considered in future revisions of ACGME requirements.

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