Дисертації: "Durable consumption"

1

Rong, Zhao. "Essays on Durable Goods Consumption and Firm Innovation." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/215.

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This dissertation comprises three individual chapters. Chapter Two examines how free riding across neighbors influenced the diffusion of color television sets in rural China. Chapter Three tests for asymmetric information between a firm’s management and other investors concerning its patent output. Chapter Four discusses how knowledge stocks influence a patenting firm’s later diversification. Chapter Two documents the existence of a type of network effects - free riding across neighbors - in the consumption of color television sets in rural China, which reduces the propensity of non-owners to purchase. I construct a model of the timing of the purchase of a durable good in the presence of free riding, and test its key implications using household survey data in rural China. Chapter Three tests for asymmetric information between a firm’s management and other investors about its patent output by examining insider trading patterns and stock price changes in R&D intensive firms. It demonstrates that management has considerable information about its patent output beyond what is known to investors. It also shows that the predictive power of insider trading patterns on patent output comes from purchases rather than sales. Chapter Four discusses two sequential channels through which knowledge stocks may influence a firm’s later diversification. One is that firms with more knowledge are more likely to enter a new industry. The other is that firms’ businesses have a better chance of surviving, conditional on being formed. By examining U.S. public patenting firms in manufacturing sectors for 1984-1996, I find that knowledge stocks predict the likelihood of new industry entry when controlling for firm size. However, this predictive power is weakened when diversification effects are included. On the other hand, a survival study of newly established segments shows that initial knowledge stocks have significant positive effects on segment survival, whereas diversification effects are insignificant.

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2

Beaulieu, J. Joseph. "On durable and nondurable consumption with transactions costs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12877.

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3

Wang, Xiaojun. "Durable goods consumption : from micro foundation to macro dynamics /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394475977619.

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4

Lebedinsky, Alexander. "A Study of the Stochastic Behavior of Durable Goods Consumption." TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/863.

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The author of this thesis examines the stochastic behavior of durables consumption in the rational expectations/permanent income hypothesis framework. The testing in this paper parallels the studies conducted by other researchers, who basing their work mainly on quarterly data rejected the frictionless rational expectations/permanent income hypothesis. The distinctive feature of this thesis is that the models are examined using monthly instead of quarterly data. The results of the estimation are compared to the results based on quarterly data. The results show that estimates obtained using monthly data seem to be more consistent with the frictionless rational expectations/permanent income hypothesis than the estimates from quarterly data. Then, by using two subsets of the monthly data representing the first and the last twelve years of a 37 year period, the models are reexamined to explore the possibility of change in the stochastic behavior of personal expenditures on durable goods over time. This results suggest a change in influence of liquidity constraints on the time series behavior of durable goods consumption over the last four decades.

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5

Herrera, Barraiga Luis Oscar. "Essays on the current account, the real exchange rate and durable consumption." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10837.

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6

Tolar, Martin, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Business and Technology. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process." THESIS_FBT_XXX_Tolar_M.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/108.

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The new classical school's dominance of mainstream economic thought in recent years has brought with it the associated adoption of rational economic agents ( in the Muthian sense) by mainstream economists. This thesis challenges this underlying assumption of human behaviour in the context of the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process. In doing so, our attention will be placed upon the weak or more general form of the hypothesis, which has come to be known as optimisation. We employ a behavioural methodology in an attempt to ascertain if individuals adhere to the optimising or satisficing model of human behaviour. In doing so time will be spent examining the bounded rationality hypothesis. We also employ a behavioural methodology in producing a non-durable consumption function that is econometrically comparable with an optimising model of non-durable consumption expenditure (namely the permanent income rational expectations hypothesis). The micro results produced in this thesis suggest that the respondents surveyed from non-durable consumption expenditure decisions that are sub-optimal in nature. The formation of these sub-tropical expenditure decisions appear to be a consequence of the cognitive constraints faced by our respondents, which in turn provides empirical support for the bounded rationality hypothesis. On a macro level, our behavioural consumption function generates results that are comparable with those produced by the optimising model employed in this thesis. Our results also question the rational expectations permanent income hypothesis (as it is usually applied), despite making adjustments to the model which remove the underlying assumption of known, constant real interest use
Master of Commerce (Hons)

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7

Tolar, Martin. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process." Thesis, [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/108.

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The new classical school's dominance of mainstream economic thought in recent years has brought with it the associated adoption of rational economic agents ( in the Muthian sense) by mainstream economists. This thesis challenges this underlying assumption of human behaviour in the context of the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process. In doing so, our attention will be placed upon the weak or more general form of the hypothesis, which has come to be known as optimisation. We employ a behavioural methodology in an attempt to ascertain if individuals adhere to the optimising or satisficing model of human behaviour. In doing so time will be spent examining the bounded rationality hypothesis. We also employ a behavioural methodology in producing a non-durable consumption function that is econometrically comparable with an optimising model of non-durable consumption expenditure (namely the permanent income rational expectations hypothesis). The micro results produced in this thesis suggest that the respondents surveyed from non-durable consumption expenditure decisions that are sub-optimal in nature. The formation of these sub-tropical expenditure decisions appear to be a consequence of the cognitive constraints faced by our respondents, which in turn provides empirical support for the bounded rationality hypothesis. On a macro level, our behavioural consumption function generates results that are comparable with those produced by the optimising model employed in this thesis. Our results also question the rational expectations permanent income hypothesis (as it is usually applied), despite making adjustments to the model which remove the underlying assumption of known, constant real interest use

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8

Ngo, Anh-Thu. "Environmentally responsible consumption of ethanol blended gasoline : behavioural determinants, economic decisions and politics of intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27158/27158.pdf.

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9

Alharbi, Fatmah. "The association between luxury and sustainability : the impact of environmental and social attributes on the perceived quality of luxury products." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAB013.

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L’objet de la présente recherche est d’examiner l’impact des attributs durables, tant environnementaux que sociaux, sur la qualité perçue des produits de luxe. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons adopté une approche qui articule deux démarches complémentaires, l’une qualitative auprès des professionnels et consommateurs Parisiens, l’autre quantitative, nous avons mobilisé un modèle expérimental factoriel between-subject, réalisée en France et l’Arabie Saoudite. Le principal résultat de notre étude quantitative est que mentionner l'information durable sur un produit de luxe a un impact négatif sur la qualité perçue. En effet, les consommateurs saoudiens perçoivent un produit de luxe comme étant de qualité inférieure lorsqu’il comporte une information durable. A l’inverse les consommateurs français se montrent indifférents. Plus précisément, nos résultats montrent que c’est plutôt l’information sociale qui présente un effet significatif sur la qualité perçue. L’information environnementale semble avoir un effet neutre. Enfin, nos résultats indiquent que l’effet de l’information sociale sur la qualité perçue est modéré par le goût des consommateurs pour le luxe, l'image RSE et le pays d'origine des consommateurs
The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of sustainable attributes on the perceived quality of luxury products. To get to our goal, a complementary approach using both qualitative and quantitative studies has been adopted. In the qualitative method, two studies with professionals and consumers are conducted. For the quantitative method, we employed an experimental between-subject factorial design realized in France and Saudi Arabia. The key finding of our quantitative study is that mentioning sustainable information has a negative impact on the perceived quality of luxury products. However, while no significant effect is observed in the case of French respondents, Saudi consumers perceive a product to be of lower quality when sustainable information is presented compared to the absence of this information. More particularly, social information impacts strongly and negatively the perceived quality in contrary with environmental information which has no effect. This effect is moderated by the degree of liking of luxury, the CSR image, and consumers’ country of origin

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10

Abdul-Hadi, Ahmad Ibrahim Malawi. "The impact of monetary policy on consumer durable goods : empirical study by using vector autoregression (VAR) models /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953841.

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11

Groff, Jocelyn. "Analyse du comportement coopératif pour une consommation durable des ménages : une approche expérimentale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB001/document.

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La thèse porte sur les comportements de consommation durable des ménages. Lorsque les comportements de consommation permettent de retirer une utilité individuelle, au détriment de l’intérêt général, ils peuvent être analysés comme un dilemme social. Les expériences de jeu de bien public permettent de tester des comportements en situation de dilemme social. Consommer de manière durable peut être considéré comme une contribution volontaire à un bien public. La problématique est de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de contribution volontaire à des biens collectifs qui génèrent des externalités. Trois expériences nous permettent d’analyser les différences de contributions entre un bien privé et des biens publics, mal(s) publics et biens clubs. Plus particulièrement, nous nous intéressons aux externalités négatives d’un mal public, à l’exclusivité du bien club et aux effets de la présence de biens collectifs multiples
This thesis focuses on the sustainable consumer behaviour of households. When consumer behaviours allow for individual utility, at the expense of public interest, these can be analysed as a social dilemma. Experiments in public good games allow for testing behaviours of individuals subjected to social dilemma situations. Sustainable consumption can be considered as a voluntary contribution to a public good. The objective is to better understand the mechanisms behind voluntary contributions to public goods that generate externalities. Three experiments will allow us to analyse the differences in contributions between a private good and public goods, public bad(s) and club goods. We focus on the negative externalities of a public bad, the exclusivity of the club good and the effects of multiple public goods

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12

Persson, Johanna. "A study about purchase intentions for a green durable good." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16871.

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Background Due to increased environmental issues around the world, people are getting more and more aware of the effects of their consumption and their influence on the environment. Companies have therefore started to provide green products to the market to satisfy customer demand. However, there is a lack of knowledge in the literature when it comes to what customers really value when it comes to green products. Mainly green durable goods, as well as their determinants and what affects their green purchase intentions. Purpose The purpose of the study is therefore, to analyze what green determinants affect purchase intention for floors as an example of a green durable good. A related purpose is to investigate how green production attitude and consumption attitude impact floor purchase intention. The results of the investigation could help the floor manufacturers better understand what is valued by the consumer and thus be able to invest right resources for right action to meet customer needs. Method This study was a survey study using primary quantitative analysis and data collecting. The questionnaires were conducted with 97 participants around Sweden using social media and an online questionnaire. The data were tested through different reliability and validity tests and other kinds of statistical tests to analyze the proposed theoretical research model with help of SPSS and AMOS. Results Environmental production attitude (determinants of green production) significantly affects the purchase intention for durable goods. Environmental consumption attitude could not be tested due to failing in the reliability and validity tests, and therefore no confirmation about the effect of these determinants could be drawn. Conclusion For consumers in general, the perceived greenness of a floor lays in the determinants of the production which this study can prove. Delimitations This study has only focused on the Swedish demand-side when it comes to purchase intention for green durable goods and the effects of this and not the supply-side. Furthermore, the purchase intention is limited to today´s circumstances and the changes over time have not been under consideration. The product choice has been durable goods, with particular attention to floors.
Bakgrund På grund av ökade miljöfrågor runt om i världen blir människor mer och mer medvetna om effekterna av konsumtionen och deras påverkan på miljön. Företagen har därför börjat tillhandahålla miljövänliga produkter på marknaden för att tillgodose kundernas efterfrågan. Det finns dock brist på kunskap i litteraturen när det kommer till vad kunder verkligen värdesätter när det gäller gröna produkter, speciellt produkter med lång livslängd. Liksom deras bestämmande faktorer och vad som verkligen påverkar deras gröna köpintentioner. Syfte Syftet med studien är därför att analysera vilka miljövänliga påverkningsfaktorer som finns för golv, som är ett exempel på en produkt med lång livslängd. Ett relaterat syfte är att undersöka hur den miljövänliga produktionsattityden och konsumtionsattityden påverkar köpintentionen för golv. Resultaten av undersökningen är till för att golvtillverkaren bättre ska förstå vad som värderas utifrån konsumenten och därmed kunna investera rätt resurser på rätt aktivitet för att på så sätt möta konsumenternas behov. Metod Denna studie var en undersökningsstudie som främst nyttjat primär kvantitativ analys och datainsamling. Frågeformulären genomfördes med 97 deltagare runt om i Sverige med hjälp av sociala medier och ett online frågeformulär. Den insamlade datan testades genom olika pålitlighets- och validitetstester samt andra typer av statistiska tester för att analysera den teoretiska forskningmodellen med hjälp av SPSS och AMOS. Resultat Attityd för miljövänlig produktion (bestämmande faktorer för grön produktion) har signifikant effekt på köpintensiteten för produkter med lång livslängd. Attityd för miljövänlig konsumtion kunde inte testas på grund av brist på pålitlighet och validitet och därför kunde ingen slutsats/analys av effekten på dessa faktorer dras. Slutsatser För konsumenter i allmänhet ligger den uppfattade miljövänligheten hos en miljövänlig produkt med lång livslängd i produktionsattributen, vilket denna studie kan bevisa. Avgränsningar Denna studie har endast fokuserat på den svenska efterfrågesidan när det gäller köpintentioner för produkter med lång livslängd och effekterna av detta och inte utbudssidan. Vidare är köpintentionen begränsad till dagens omständigheter och förändringarna över tiden har inte varit föremål för överväganden. Produktvalet har varit varaktiga varor, med särskild hänsyn till golv.

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13

Belahmira, Kawtar. "Comportement du consommateur dans le cadre de la consommation énergique durable et responsable. Effet de la nouvelle tarification sur le comportement de consommation d’eau et d’électricité des ménages casablancais." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0001.

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Dans un contexte de changement du système de tarification d’eau et d’électricité au Maroc, les ménages casablancais peuvent- ils changer de comportement pour réduire leur consommation? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons identifié les différentes causes du verrou comportemental des individus et les opportunités de changement cités en littérature. Ensuite, nous avons analysé l’évolution de la consommation d’eau et d’électricité des ménages marocains et casablancais avant la mise en place du nouveau système de tarification et observé les enjeux nationaux du secteur de l’énergie au Maroc. A partir de 62 interviews qualitatives, nous avons observé les différents types de comportements. En analysant de façon détaillée les données collectées, nous avons ressorti les différents facteurs influençant le comportement de consommation d’énergie des ménages interviewés notamment : leur attitude, leur capacité à agir, leur préférence environnementale et l’influence sociale de leur entourage, les comportements mis en place suite à l’augmentation tarifaire et leurs dispositions futures. Une attention particulière a été attribuée aux quatre groupes de ménages que nous avons identifiés à partir de différents critères. Nos résultats montrent dans quelle mesure la nouvelle tarification agit comme une motivation extrinsèque pour réduire la consommation d’énergie. Enfin, nous avons dressé des recommandations pour les décideurs publics en matière énergétique permettant d’accompagner les ménages vers une consommation durable et responsable
In a context of change in the water and electricity pricing system in Morocco, can households in Casablanca change their behavior to reduce their consumption ? To answer this question, we identified the different causes of the behavioral lock of individuals and the opportunities for change cited in literature.Then, we have analyzed the evolution of the water and electricity consumption of Moroccan and Casablancan households before the implementation of the new pricing system and observedthe national stakes of the energy sector in Morocco. From 62 qualitative interviews, we have observed the different types of behavior. By analyzing in detail the collected data, we have revealed the different factors influencing the energy consumption behavior of the households interviewed in particular: their attitude, their ability to act, their environmental preference and the social influence of those around them, the behaviors put in place following the tariff increase and their future arrangements. One special attention was allocated to four groups of households that we identified using different criteriaas an extrinsic motivation to reduce energy consumption Finally, we have made recommendations for energy policy makers to support households towards sustainable and responsible consumption

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14

Bjellerup, Mårten. "Essays on Consumption : - Aggregation, Asymmetry and Asset Distributions." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Ekonomihögskolan, EHV, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-406.

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The dissertation consists of four self-contained essays on consumption. Essays 1 and 2 consider different measures of aggregate consumption, and Essays 3 and 4 consider how the distributions of income and wealth affect consumption from a macro and micro perspective, respectively. Essay 1 considers the empirical practice of seemingly interchangeable use of two measures of consumption; total consumption expenditure and consumption expenditure on nondurable goods and services. Using data from Sweden and the US in an error correction model, it is shown that consumption functions based on the two measures exhibit significant differences in several aspects of econometric modelling. Essay 2, coauthored with Thomas Holgersson, considers derivation of a univariate and a multivariate version of a test for asymmetry, based on the third central moment. The logic behind the test is that the dependent variable should correspond to the specification of the econometric model; symmetric with linear models and asymmetric with non-linear models. The main result in the empirical application of the test is that orthodox theory seems to be supported for consumption of both nondurable and durable consumption. The consumption of durables shows little deviation from symmetry in the four-country sample, while the consumption of nondurables is shown to be asymmetric in two out of four cases, the UK and the US. Essay 3 departs from the observation that introducing income uncertainty makes the consumption function concave, implying that the distributions of wealth and income are omitted variables in aggregate Euler equations. This implication is tested through estimation of the distributions over time and augmentation of consumption functions, using Swedish data for 1963-2000. The results show that only the dispersion of wealth is significant, the explanation of which is found in the marked changes of the group of households with negative wealth; a group that according to a concave consumption function has the highest marginal propensity to consume. Essay 4 attempts to empirically specify the nature of the alleged concavity of the consumption function. Using grouped household level Swedish data for 1999-2001, it is shown that the marginal propensity to consume out of current resources, i.e. current income and net wealth, is strictly decreasing in current resources and net wealth, but approximately constant in income. Also, an empirical reciprocal to the stylized theoretical consumption function is estimated, and shown to bear a close resemblance to the theoretical version.

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15

Gamberini, Daniela. "Inaction and Long Term Properties in the Housing Market." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200913.

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16

Al-Qaseer, Firas Abdulmajeed. "Scheduling policies considering both production duration and energy consumption criteria for environmental management." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC028/document.

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Nous présentons les enjeux du management environnemental et soulignons l’importance d’une politique d’économie d’énergie pour les entreprises. Nous proposons un modèle pour déterminer le bilan énergétique de la fabrication en intégrant les différentes phases productives et non-productives. Nous définissons un double objectif pour la minimisation de la durée de production et de la consommation d’énergie. Nous appliquons ce modèle à l’ordonnancement d’ateliers job-shop flexibles. Pour déterminer la solution optimale nous utilisons deux classes de méthodes : - La première relève des algorithmes génétiques. Nous proposons différents types d’algorithmes pour résoudre ce problème multicritère. Nous proposons par exemple de faire évoluer deux populations pour minimiser respectivement l’énergie consommée et la durée de production et de les croiser pour atteindre l’objectif global. - La seconde relève de la programmation sous contrainte. Nous proposons de rechercher la solution optimale en développant une double arborescence pour évaluer l’énergie consommée et la durée de production. Nous construisons notre algorithme en partant des tâches à réaliser sur les machines ou en partant des machines qui réaliseront les tâches. Nous discutons de la construction du front de Pareto pour l’obtention de la meilleure solution.Nous terminons en comparant les différentes approches et en discutant leur pertinence pour traiter des problèmes de différentes tailles. Nous proposons également plusieurs améliorations et quelques pistes pour de futures recherches
We present the challenges of environmental management and underline the importance of an energy saving policy for companies. We propose a model to determine the energy balance of manufacturing by integrating the different productive and non-productive phases. We define two purposes for minimizing production time and energy consumption. We apply this model to the scheduling of flexible job-shop workshops. To determine the optimal solution we use two types of methods: - The first is genetic algorithms. We propose different types of algorithms to solve this multi-criteria problem. For example, we propose to develop two populations to minimize the energy consumed and the production time, and to cross them to achieve the overall objective. - The second is constraint programming. We propose to find the optimal solution by developing a double tree to evaluate the energy consumed and the production time. We build our algorithm starting from the tasks to be performed on the machines or from the machines that will perform the tasks. We discuss the construction of the Pareto front to get the best solution.We finish by comparing the different approaches and discussing their relevance to deal with problems of different sizes. We also offer several improvements and some leads for future research

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17

Tolar, Martin. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process : an empirical examination of Australian data for the period 1976(1) - 1994(2) /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030703.130007/index.html.

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18

Moruzzi, Romina. "Les consommateurs face aux paradoxes de l'offre de produits alimentaires durables : une étude comparative entre France et Italie." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0002/document.

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Cette étude vise à explorer les paradoxes existants dans l'offre durable de produits alimentaires et, les comportements adoptés par les consommateurs percevant ces paradoxes. Le modèle théorique retenu est celui de Mick et Fournier (1998), initialement construit pour étudier les paradoxes des technologies modernes et adapté au cadre de l'Alimentation Durable. Une enquête qualitative a été menée auprès de 84 consommateurs ordinaires en France et en Italie. Puis 18 sujets participants à l'AMAP, ou à des Associations de Consommateurs, ont été interviewés. Les entretiens semi-directifs réalisés ont permis une exploration des paradoxes perçus et des stratégies de coping adoptées selon deux moments: avant l'adoption d'un choix durable et lors du choix durable (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984). Enfin nous avons essayé de dégager des caractéristiques spécifiques à l'égard des deux pays: la France et l'Italie, soit liées aux facteurs structurels (ex. marché de produits alimentaires durables) soit des éléments culturels, ainsi que par rapport aux consommateurs grâce à la proposition de profils types. Pourtant ce travail a des objectifs théoriques, c'est-à-dire de vérifier la présence de paradoxes à l'égard de l'offre alimentaire durable; puis méthodologiques en adaptant le modèle de Mick et Fournier au cadre spécifique de recherche; enfin pratiques en mettant en lumière des éléments qui freinent le développement de l'offre durable actuelle
This study aims to explore existing paradoxes in sustainable offer of food products and consequently behaviours of consumers at the time of perceiving these paradoxes. The related theoretical model is that of Mick and Fournier (1998), built initially for studying the paradoxes of modern technologies and adapted at the case of sustainable food consumption. A qualitative survey has been conducted among 84 ordinary consumers in France and Italy. Later other 18 subjects, already involved into sustainable purchases (participants of AMAP or Associations of Consumers), have been interviewed. The semi-structured interviews have shed light on perceived paradoxes and adopted coping strategies faced with two moments: before sustainable choice and at the moment of sustainable choice (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984). Last we have achieved to distinguish specific elements attached to two contexts of research: France and Italy, such as structural factors (market of sustainable food products) and cultural ones, and after in regard with consumers by proposing some profiles-types. So that this work has three objectives: theoretical as to verify the paradoxes listed towards the offer of food sustainable products; methodological regarding the adaptation of conceptual model of Mick et Fournier (1998) to specific context of research and then practical ones in order to distinguish some elements which can affect negatively the development of sustainable current offer

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Bettaieb, Hanene. "Rationalisation de la consommation d'énergie et qualité de développement durable : étude de la relation consommation d'énergie - croissance économique (cas de la Tunisie)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV005/document.

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Etudier la relation entre la consommation d'énergie, la croissance économique et l'environnement est crucial dans le processus de proposition des politiques. Sauf, que la question qui se pose, ça sert à quoi de proposer des actions, des stratégies et des politiques qui ne sont pas pratiquées par le consommateur. Pour cela, notre réflexion s'est articulée en trois axes au sein de cette thèse en commençant par étudier la relation entre la consommation d'énergie et la croissance économique en prenant en compte le prix de pétrole, en premier axe. Ensuite, nous avons étudier cette relation mais cette fois en intégrant le côté environnemental via les émissions de CO2 pour prendre en considération les effets environnementaux dus à la consommation d'énergie qui suivait le rythme imposé par l'accélération de la croissance économique. D’où, l’intérêt des politiques énergétiques et environnementales visant à réduire la demande d’énergie et à protéger l’environnement. Le citoyen comme un acteur de RSA doit avoir une prise de conscience du DD via plusieurs actions telles que l’éducation et la formation d’une part et la mise en disposition de l’information au public des enfants aux jeunes aux adultes. Or, la non prise de conscience entraînait une mal compréhension des programmes d’actions et donc un mal pratique. Autrement, la réussite de ces actions en Tunisie nécessite une prise de conscience conjuguée d’une participation d’autres acteurs. Pour ces raisons, la dernière partie a été consacrée à l’étude de la conscience chez les étudiants et les enseignants. D’après les résultats, les étudiants et les enseignants sont un peu (voir pas de tout parfois) informés des conseils de maîtrise et de protection de l’environnement. Donc, la mise en place des programmes de formation et de sensibilisation est vu nécessaire au sein des établissements universitaires et tous les établissements d’éducation, et les acteurs de RSA en général. Néanmoins, ces acteurs ne doivent pas agir par obligation mais plutôt ils doivent être convaincus de l’intérêt stratégique des politiques énergétiques et environnementales du pays
To study the relation between the energy consumption, the economic growth and the environment is crucial in the process of proposal of the policies. Except, that the question that arises, that is of use to what to propose actions, strategies and policies which are not practised by the consumer. For that purpose, our reflection articulated in three axes within this thesis by beginning by studying the relation between the energy consumption and the economic growth by taking into account the oil price, in first axis. Then, we have to study this relation but this time by integrating the environmental side via CO2 emissions to consider the environmental effects due to the energy consumption which followed the rhythm been imperative by the acceleration of the economic growth. Where from, the interest of the energy and environmental policies to reduce the demand of energy and to protect the environment. The citizen as the actor of RSA(ACTIVE SOLIDARITY REVENUE) has to have an awareness of the DD via several actions such as the education and the formation on one hand and the putting in measure of the information to the public of the children to the young people to the adults. Yet, the not awareness entailed one evil understanding of action plans and thus the evil practises. Otherwise, the success of these actions in Tunisia requires a combined awareness of a participation of the other actors. For these reasons, the last part was dedicated to the study of the consciousness at the students and the teachers. According to the results, the students and the teachers are little (see not of quite sometimes) informed about the councils of control and about environmental protection. Thus, the implementation of the programs of formation and raising sensitization is seen necessary within the university establishments and all the educational establishments, and the actors of RSA generally. Nevertheless, these actors do not have to act by obligation but rather they must be convinced of the strategic interest of the energy and environmental policies of the country

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20

Hay, Céline. "Modélisation du processus de socialisation à la consommation socialement responsable : une approche par les récits de vie." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC049.

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Parmi les travaux portant sur la consommation socialement responsable, peu se sont encore intéressés à l’enfant comme cible pertinente. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la logique des actions étatiques qui s’emploient à comprendre et modifier les comportements non responsables chez l’adulte. En considérant l’intérêt de la socialisation dès le plus jeune âge, cette recherche vise à comprendre le processus de socialisation de l’enfant à la consommation socialement responsable via la méthode biographique des récits de vie. Nos résultats s’appuient sur l’analyse de 19 parcours de vie, composés de 16 consommateurs socialement responsables et 3 consommateurs ne se retrouvant pas dans ce mode de consommation, autonomes et âgés de 24 à 39 ans. Ce travail doctoral vise à comprendre comment le processus de socialisation peut guider l’enfant vers le rôle de consommateur socialement responsable. Plus exactement nous proposons de modéliser le processus de socialisation à la consommation socialement responsable en déterminant quand, comment et par qui les valeurs et compétences identifiées doivent être inculquées pour maximiser les chances de voir un enfant adopter ces comportements une fois devenu adulte. Plus précisément, cette étude permet de mettre en avant les mécanismes mis en œuvre tout au long de cette socialisation entre prédispositions incorporées pendant l’enfance et l’environnement dans lequel l’individu évolue
Among the studies on socially responsible consumption, little attention has been paid to the child as a relevant target. This research falls in line with the willingness of the state actions that attempt to understand and modify non-responsible behavior in adults. By considering the interest of socialization from an early age, this research aims to understand the process of socialization of the child to socially responsible consumption via the biographical method of life stories. The results are based on the analyze of 19 socially responsible consumers, made up of 16 socially responsible consumers and 3 consumers do not find themselves in this way of consuming, autonomous and aging from 24 to 39 years old. This doctoral work aims to understand how the process of socialization can guide the child towards the role of socially responsible consumer. Specifically, we propose to model the process of socialization to socially responsible consumption by determining when, how and by whom the identified values and skills must be instilled to maximize the chances of seeing a child adopt these behaviours in adulthood. Specifically, this study seeks to highlight the mechanisms implemented throughout this socialization process to reconcile skills and knowledge they gained during childhood with the environment in which they operate

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21

Rassat, Fanny. "Le rôle des initiatives civiles de prévention des déchets dans la fabrique de la ville : l'exemple des lieux de réemploi." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7001.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la redéfinition du rapport aux rebuts produits par les ménages, dans la ville à travers les procédés de prévention des déchets. Dans un contexte de croissance de la consommation et du remplacement rapide des objets obsolètes, la quantité de rebuts a fortement augmenté. La réduction des déchets est devenue un enjeu prioritaire pour les politiques de développement durable. Alors que la réduction des nuisances liées aux déchets s’accompagne souvent d’une aseptisation des villes, d’une mise à distance et d’une déconsidération des territoires des déchets, les lieux de réemploi de proximité (recycleries) sont en plein essor. Notre recherche vise à comprendre de quelles manières ces lieux, inscrivant leur activité dans une démarche écologique et/ou sociale, participent à modifier la relation des habitants à leurs rebuts, et transforment le rapport à l’environnement urbain et social. La fonction de ces lieux de réemploi est également interrogée à travers leur rôle dans la fabrique de la ville durable. Cette étude est innovante par la mobilisation de plusieurs champs de la géographie : les travaux sur la proximité, la géographie du commerce et de la consommation et les initiatives civiles d’investissement des milieux de vie. Le réemploi est ici considéré comme la remise en circulation d’un rebut qui s’effectue dans des lieux spécifiques de « nouvelle consommation ». Pour comprendre l’évolution de la valeur des rebuts dans ces lieux, le réemploi est analysé à partir de son expérience esthétique qui amène à de nouveaux rapports de proximité avec les déchets. La recherche porte essentiellement sur le Grand Paris, métropole urbaine dense, dont les résultats sont mis en regard avec un terrain exploratoire effectué à New York
The aim of this thesis is to study waste produced by households in cities through waste prevention processes. In the context of a strong growth in private consumption and fast replacement of obsolete items, the amount of waste has increased sharply. In these circumstances, sustainable development policies has made the reduction of waste a priority. While nuisances associated with waste tend to shrink but are often accompanied by distance and discredit on the waste territories, local recycle centers (also called reuse centers or thrift shops) are booming. Our initial research focuses on understanding how these places - that adopt an ecological and/or social approach- contribute to modifying the rapport citizens have to their rejects and transform their relationship with the urban and social environment. We also look at the involvement of these recycle centers in the making of a sustainable city. This research is innovating by mobilizing several fields of geography: studies on places, proximity, geography of trade and consumption as well as the citizens’ initiatives in urban life. Reuse is seen as the recirculation of waste which takes place in specific “new consumption’s” territories. To understand the change in the value of waste in these territories, reuse is analyzed from its aesthetic experience that creates a new relation to waste. The research focuses mainly on the Greater Paris – an urban metropolis – whose results are contrasted with an exploratory work conducted in New York

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22

Delalande, Benjamin. "Du discours publicitaire au discours social des entreprises : comment l'enseigne E. Leclerc investit le débat social ?" Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20006/document.

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Le discours publicitaire d’aujourd’hui ne se limite plus seulement à une description technique des produits, mais participe aussi à la construction de systèmes de valeurs selon une logique de calage qui consiste à se mettre au diapason des courants sociaux et des aspirations des individus. L’apparition de comportements de consommation inédits oblige les marques à renouveler leurs stratégies de communication, quitte à faire évoluer le rôle social de la publicité. Au milieu des années quatre-vingt, la marque Benetton s’illustre en proposant une vision politique de la consommation soutenue par un discours publicitaire qui ne vante plus les qualités du produit ni ne fait appel à la dimension hédonique de la consommation. Au contraire, il se réfère à des événements d’actualité traités ordinairement par le discours médiatique et s’adresse à des citoyens-consommateurs. D’autres acteurs économiques s’inscrivent depuis dans cette tendance. À partir d’une analyse sémiotique des publicités de l’enseigne E. Leclerc, l’objectif de cette recherche est de mettre en évidence l’existence d’un discours publicitaire particulier qui n’est plus conventionnel à partir du moment où il convoque une dimension politique. Affichant une posture militante sur la question écologique ou celle du pouvoir d’achat, l’enseigne transgresse les codes du discours publicitaire pour revendiquer un engagement citoyen. Les résultats d’analyse montrent par ailleurs que l’installation d’un champ discursif relativement éloigné de la fonction commerciale de l’enseigne témoigne de l’évolution de la société postmoderne à laisser la gestion de l’intérêt général aux entreprises privées, au détriment de l’action publique
Advertising discourse today is no longer limited to only a technical description of products, but also participates in the construction of values. In that way it is attuned to social currents and aspirations of individuals. The emergence of new consumer behaviors requires brands to renew their communication strategies, even to change the social role of advertising. In the mid-eighties, the Benetton brand proposed a political vision of consumption supported by advertising discourse that no longer boasts the qualities of the product or does not use the hedonic dimension of consumption. Rather, it refers to current events usually treated by the media discourse, and is intended for citizens and consumers. Since then other economic actors follow this approach. From a semiotic analysis of advertisements of E. Leclerc, the objective of this research is to demonstrate the existence of a particular advertising discourse which is no longer conventional since it carries a political dimension. Featuring a militant stance on ecological matters or purchasing power, the brand transgresses the codes of advertising discourse to claim a civic engagement. The analysis results also show that the emergence of a field which is relatively distant from the commercial function of the brand reflects the evolution of postmodern society to leave the management of the general interest to private companies, to detriment of public action

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Sureau, Solène. "On what to assess when bridging sustainability pillars in S-LCA: Exploring the role of chain governance and value distribution in product social sustainability." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/312512.

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Les chaines d’approvisionnement contemporaines sont source de problèmes environnementaux, mais aussi d’impacts pour les communautés des abords des activités de production, consommateurs, ou encore travailleurs. Pour évaluer ces impacts, l’analyse sociale du cycle de vie (ACV-S) est développée depuis quinze ans en complément de l’ACV-E, qui traite, elle, des impacts environnementaux le long du cycle de vie des produits. Cette thèse vise à répondre à certains des défis méthodologiques pour sa conception et son application, par une évaluation de produits de systèmes alimentaires alternatifs belges (SAA), et à ces deux questions: i) que devrait évaluer l’ACV-S et ii) comment intégrer les chaines de causes à effet dans l’analyse, comme en ACV-E. Sur base de trois états de l’art (des cadres d’ACV-S, des études incluant les chaines de cause à effet, et des évaluations de produits alimentaires), nous développons et mettons en œuvre des propositions qui plaident pour i) une approche participative pour définir les critères; ii) une évaluation d’impact pour comprendre les pratiques des entreprises plutôt que leur simple rapportage, à travers l’articulation des indicateurs sur la base de théories existantes, comme l’approche de Global Commodity Chain: celle-ci place la gouvernance des chaines et la répartition de la valeur ajoutée entre les acteurs comme des facteurs explicatifs potentiels des problèmes socio-économiques présents dans les chaines; iii) une approche ‘imbriquée’ de la durabilité (ou ‘nested’), qui implique la considération des aspects économiques et de gouvernance des chaines, à côté des aspects managériaux et ‘sociaux’, et leur mise en relation. Nous cherchons ainsi à contribuer à faire de l’ACV-S un outil analytique qui vise l’amélioration des principaux problèmes dans les chaines d’approvisionnement, en analysant leurs causes profondes. Nos évaluations de produits de SAA, y. c. circuits courts et commerce équitable ‘Nord-Nord’, révèlent des rémunérations trop faibles et des conditions d’emploi précaires dans les fermes, rejetant ainsi notre hypothèse d’une durabilité plus élevée de ces produits, par rapport aux chaines dominantes. Ces faibles performances résulteraient d’une reproduction des mécanismes utilisés par les chaines dominantes (rapports de force déséquilibrés, faible engagement entre les acteurs, prix inéquitables). Ceci tendrait à confirmer notre autre hypothèse selon laquelle la gouvernance des chaines et les modalités de transaction impactent les conditions socioéconomiques des travailleurs au sein de ces chaines, d’où l’intérêt de considérer ces aspects en ACV-S. Aussi, d’autres éléments semblent jouer: la règlementation du travail en vigueur, qui encouragerait les contrats précaires, ou le contexte de marché qui influencerait fortement les prix pratiqués dans les SAA, d’où l’importance de se pencher sur les chaines dominantes pour améliorer la durabilité des produits alimentaires dans leur ensemble. Notre recherche confirme l’applicabilité et la pertinence de nos propositions, qui mériteraient d’autres applications pour une validation et des développements méthodologiques supplémentaires.
Today’s supply chains entail numerous and serious issues, concerning the environment but also regarding people, including communities’ surrounding production activities, final consumers and workers. In order to assess those latter social and socio-economic impacts on people, Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) is a tool being currently developed to complement E-LCA, which assesses potential environmental impacts along the life cycle of products and services. This PhD aims to address some of the outstanding methodological challenges faced by S-LCA, with the support of an application on products from Belgian alternative food network (AFNs). The thesis focuses on three related main questions: i) what should S-LCA assess (topics, level of assessment, i.e. company’s practices, impacts on people, other) and ii) how to include impact pathways or cause-effect chains in the analysis, as it is done in E-LCA; iii) how should the assessment be carried out, so that it goes beyond a mere reporting? On the basis of three distinct states-of-the-art (on S-LCA frameworks, studies considering impact pathways and S-LCA studies in the food sector), we put forward and apply specific methodological proposals that argue for i) the use of a participatory approach to select assessment criteria; ii) the use of an impact assessment approach that allows to understand company’s practices rather than their mere reporting, through an articulation of assessment criteria and indicators based on existing theories, including in social sciences. In this regard, the Global commodity chain approach that identify chain governance and value distribution among chain actors as potential stressors or root causes of social and socio-economic problems in supply chains, seems particularly relevant; iii) the use of a nested approach to sustainability in which also economic and governance aspects are taken into account, in addition to managerial and “social” aspects of supply chains, which are usually included. With this work we aim to contribute for S-LCA to become an analytical tool contributing the improvement of main problems in supply chains, e.g. income, employment and working conditions, by analyzing their root causes. Our assessments of products traded under various alternative chains, including short food chains and a local Fair trade chain, reveal low income and poor employment conditions on farms. This rejects our assumption of better social sustainability performances of AFN products, when compared to those of mainstream chains. Those poor performances would originate in the mechanisms used (e.g. unbalanced power relations, low commitment between VCAs, unfair prices), which are similar in mainstream chains. This would tend to confirm our assumption that chain governance and transaction modalities (i.e. business practices of chain actors) impact on socioeconomic conditions of workers in supply chains (or for the social sustainability of products), this is why we think it is of interest to consider those aspects in S-LCA. Also, other, more contextual, elements seem to come into play, such as labor regulations in force, that would encourage the use of non-standard forms of employment, and broader market context that influences AFNs quite strongly, including on prices. This is why it seems also important to work on mainstream food chains to improve overall product sustainability. Our research confirms the applicability and relevance of our methodological proposals, however further applications could be useful for further validation and methodological developments.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Mehar, Sara. "The vehicle as a source and consumer of information : collection, dissemination and data processing for sustainable mobility." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS069/document.

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Aujourd'hui, les véhicules sont devenus de plus en plus sophistiqués, intelligents et connectés. En effet, ils sont équipés de capteurs, radars, GPS, interfaces de communication et capacités de traitement et de stockage élevés. Ils peuvent collecter, traiter et communiquer les informations relatives à leurs conditions de travail et leur environnement formant un réseau véhiculaire. L'intégration des technologies de communication sur les véhicules fait l'objet d'une immense attention de l'industrie, des autorités gouvernementales et des organisations de standardisations; elle a ouvert la voie à des applications innovantes qui vont révolutionner le marché de l'automobile avec les principaux objectifs d'assurer la sécurité sur les routes, augmenter l'efficacité des transports et offrir un confort aux conducteurs et passagers. En outre, le transport est un secteur en évolution active. Des moyens de transport plus durables comme les véhicules électriques s'introduisent progressivement sur le marché de l'automobile tout en créant de nouveaux défis liés à la contrainte énergétique et la protection de l'environnement qui restent à résoudre.De nombreux projets et études ont été initiés exploitant les avantages des technologies de l'information et de communication (TIC) afin de répondre aux différents défis des systèmes de transport. Cependant, avoir des véhicules connectés et coopératifs crée un réseau hautement dynamique caractérisé par des ruptures de lien et de pertes de messages très fréquentes. Pour résoudre ces problèmes de communication, cette thèse se concentre sur deux axes majeurs: (i) le véhicule connecté (ou mobilité connectée) et (ii) la mobilité durable. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, la diffusion, la collecte et l'acheminement de données dans un réseau de véhicule sont adressés. Ainsi, un nouveau protocole de diffusion est proposé afin de faire face à la fragmentation et la connectivité intermittente dans ces réseaux. Ensuite, une nouvelle stratégie de déploiement d'infrastructure de communication est conçue afin d'améliorer la connectivité réseau et l'utilisation des ressources. Enfin, un nouveau protocole de routage, pour applications sensibles au délai, utilisant cette nouvelle infrastructure de communication est proposé. La deuxième partie se concentre sur la mobilité durable avec un focus sur les véhicules électriques et avec un objectif de réduire les problèmes de pollution et d'utiliser efficacement l'énergie. Une nouvelle architecture de gestion de flottes de véhicules électriques est proposée. Cette dernière utilise les protocoles implémentés dans la première partie de cette thèse afin de collecter, traiter et diffuser les données. Elle permet de surmonter les limitations liées à la courte autonomie des batteries des véhicules électriques. Ensuite, pour répondre aux besoins et défis d'équilibre énergétique, un nouveau schéma de déploiement des stations de recharge pour véhicules électriques est proposé. Cette solution permet de satisfaire les demandes des conducteurs en terme d'énergie, tout en tenant compte les capacités énergétiques disponibles
Today, vehicles have become more sophisticated, intelligent and connected. Indeed, they are equipped with sensors, radars, GPS, communication interfaces and high processing and storage capacities. They can collect, process and communicate information related to their working conditions and their environment forming a vehicular network. The incorporation of communication technologies on vehicles garnered a huge attention of industry, government authorities and standardizations organizations and opened the way for innovative applications that revolutionized the automotive market with the main goals to ensure safety on roads, increase transport efficiency and provide comfort to drivers and passengers. In addition, transportation is still an actively evolving sector. More sustainable means of transportation such as electric vehicles are introduced progressively to the automotive market with new challenges related to energy consumption and environment preservation that remain to be solved. Many research investigations and industrial projects are done to exploit the advantages of information and communication technologies (ICT) to fit with transportation challenges. However, having connected and cooperative vehicles creates a highly dynamic network characterized by frequent link breaks and message losses. To cope with these communication limitations, this thesis focuses on two major axis: (i) connected vehicle or connected mobility and (ii) sustainable mobility. In the first part of this thesis, data dissemination, collection and routing in vehicular networks are addressed. Thus, a new dissemination protocol is proposed to deal with frequent network fragmentation and intermittent connectivity in these networks. Then, a new deployment strategy of new communication infrastructure is developed in order to increase network connectivity and enhance the utilization of the network resources. Finally, a new routing protocol, for delay-sensitive applications, that uses the optimized infrastructure deployment is proposed. The second part focuses on sustainable mobility with a focus on electric vehicles and with the main objective is to reduce pollution issues and make better use of energy. A new architecture for electric vehicles fleet management is proposed. This latter uses the implemented protocols of the first part of this thesis in order to collect, process and disseminate data. It helps to overcome the limitations related to short autonomy of electric vehicles. Then, to meet energy balance challenges, a new deployment scheme for electric vehicles charging stations is developed. This solution helps to satisfy drivers’ demands in term of energy while taking into account available resources

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25

Galateau, Estelle-Fleur. "Les conditions sociales de l’adoption de comportements plus durables en matière de consommation et de gestion des déchets : analyse sociologique d’un dispositif de démocratie participative et des théories d’action en sciences humaines et sociales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H005/document.

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Ce travail se propose d’analyser les procédés mis en place afin d’amorcer des changements de comportement, et de rendre plus durables les pratiques quotidiennes de consommation et de gestion des déchets. Nous cherchons à savoir si les valeurs, seules, plébiscitées actuellement, sont explicatives ou non, du changement, et s’il y a des contraintes fortes qui empêchent l’adoption de pratiques plus durables. Face à l’injonction participative actuelle sur les questions environnementales, nous avons étudié un atelier de démocratie participative, ayant pour objectif d’insuffler des changements de comportement chez ses participants. En une deuxième partie, nous avons analysé les théories actuelles en sciences humaines et sociales, afin de faire émerger d’autres leviers que celui de la démocratie participative.Ce travail montre que la démocratie participative émerge à partir d’acteurs intellectuels ou de militants idéalistes pour résoudre des problèmes de légitimité politique, de confiance et d’efficacité. Mais cet idéalisme, lequel est la condition du lancement de l’action, se heurte à une réalité sous contraintes qui demande de forts ajustements avec l’idéal, entrainant des changements d’usage limités, ce qui peut provoquer un découragement des pionniers/militants ou une fuite dans un imaginaire « eco-Fasciste », autoritaire ou utopique. Nous avons également pu observer, par l’analyse des théories d’action en sciences humaines et sociales, l’importance d’une réflexion portant sur les échelles d’observation pour analyser les changements de comportement. En effet, les échelles micro-Individuelle et microsociale, centrées notamment sur l’espace domestique et les usages, ne peuvent se suffire à elles-Mêmes. Elles sont encastrées dans les échelles méso et macro sociales, qui mettent en exergue des valeurs propres, des effets d’appartenances et de régulation sociale
The aim of this research is to analyze the processes established to modify behaviors and make them more sustainable, in everyday practices of consumption and waste management. We want to know whether the currently recognized values alone are explanatory of changing behaviors, and whether there are strong constraints involved in adopting more sustainable practices. In view of the current concern with environmental issues, we studied a procedure in participatory democracy designed to change participants’ behavior. Secondly, we analyzed current theories in social sciences in order to identify forces other than this political one. The research shows that participatory democracy results from intellectual actors or idealistic activists, who try to solve problems of political legitimacy, trust, and efficiency. But their idealism, which sparks the start of the action, faces strong constraints, requires adjustments to their ideal. These adjustments explain why changes of behavior are limited, which may discourage pioneers and activists, or alter the imaginary of "eco-Fascists", utopians, or authoritarians. In analyzing the theories of action in social sciences, we also observed the importance of scales of observation: the micro-Individual level and micro-Social level (in particular domestic space and practices) cannot be analyzed alone. They are embedded in the meso- and macro-Social levels, which highlight eigenvalues and the effects of membership and social regulation in daily practices

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Ferlet, Axelle. "Le rôle des représentations sociales dans l'évaluation d'attributs socialement responsables : le cas de la gouvernance des coopératives agroalimentaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3078/document.

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Jacquet, d’aucy, Béghin-Say ou Labeyrie… ces marques font partie du quotidien des consommateurs français sans pour autant qu’ils sachent, dans leur grande majorité, qu’elles sont détenues par des coopératives agricoles. Si ces marques communiquaient leur statut coopératif, ceci constituerait-il une valeur ajoutée pour les consommateurs ? Ce travail doctoral s’intéresse au rôle joué par la représentation sociale des consommateurs au sujet du mode de gouvernance de l’entreprise productrice dans le cadre de l’évaluation des produits. Cette problématique de recherche est abordée selon trois questions de recherche. La première s’intéresse au contenu et à la structure de la représentation sociale des consommateurs français au sujet des coopératives. La seconde question étudie l’influence de cette représentation sociale sur la catégorisation et l’évaluation des offres coopératives, en considérant le rôle médiateur du niveau de congruence de l’offre avec cette représentation. La troisième aborde l’effet d’une mention et des arguments coopératifs sur les attitudes et intentions de comportement des consommateurs. Elle traite en particulier le niveau de congruence et de centralité des arguments par rapport à la représentation considérée. La représentation sociale des coopératives et son influence sont ainsi étudiées et discutées au moyen de sept études selon une approche multi-méthode. D’un point de vue théorique, cette recherche souligne, que la représentation sociale des coopératives fait écho aux préoccupations CSR des consommateurs ce qui explique l’effet bénéfique d’un label ou d’une mention sur ce statut. D’un point de vue méthodologique, cette recherche mobilise des méthodes d’investigations originales (méthodes hybrides et implicites) en complément des méthodes traditionnellement utilisées en marketing. D’un point de vue managérial, ce travail apporte des réponses aux managers et aux institutionnels qui s’interrogent sur le recours à une mention coopérative et les aiguille dans le choix d’arguments de communication efficaces pour accompagner cet affichage
Jacquet, d’aucy, Béghin-Say or Labeyrie... What do these brands have in common? These brands are part of the everyday life of French consumers, though not many actually know they are owned by agricultural cooperatives. If these brands communicated their cooperative status on the market, would this be considered by consumers to be an added value? This doctoral dissertation focuses on the role played by consumers’ social representation in relation to the producer’s governance mode, as part of the product evaluation. This work aims to answer this central research question according to three sub-questions. The first one focuses on the content and structure of the social representation of French consumers regarding cooperatives. The second question analyzes the influence of this social representation on the categorization and evaluation of cooperatives’ offerings, taking into account the mediating role of the level of congruence between the offer and this social representation. The third question addresses the effect of cooperative labelling and arguments on the attitudes and behavioral intentions of consumers. In particular, this sub-question evaluates the levels of congruence and centrality of the arguments with the considered social representation. Therefore, the social representation of cooperatives and its influence are studied and discussed in seven studies, though a multi-method approach. From a theoretical point of view, this research highlights that the social representation of cooperatives echoes consumers’ CSR concerns; this explains the beneficial effect of a label or a mention on this governance status. From a methodological point of view, this research uses original methods (hybrid and implicit methods) in addition to those that are traditionally used in marketing. From a managerial point of view, this work provides managers and institutional entities with answers on the potential of a cooperative mention and helps them choose arguments that will lead to effective marketing communications

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Dabadie, Isabelle. "Une approche socio-anthropologique de la consommation collaborative : focus sur les nouveaux rapports à la propriété." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G020.

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La consommation collaborative désigne un ensemble de pratiques très variées – parmi lesquelles la location, le prêt, le don, le troc ou le partage entre consommateurs –, qui remettent en question la primauté accordée à la propriété individuelle. Ce phénomène en plein essor fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches tentant de définir, de cartographier ou d’expliquer le phénomène, en identifiant ses déterminants ou en évaluant ses impacts. Peu de travaux se sont penchés sur l’arrière-plan culturel de ce mouvement. C’est l’objet de ce travail, qui étudie la consommation collaborative dans une perspective anthropologique, autour de la question, centrale, du rapport à la propriété. Cette recherche, ancrée dans la Consumer Culture Theory (CCT), adopte une approche phénoménologique centrée sur le sens des expériences vécues par les consommateurs. Elle s’appuie au plan empirique sur une ethnographie menée sur trois terrains reflétant la diversité des pratiques collaboratives – l’habitat participatif, la plaisance collaborative et les bibliothèques de vêtements. Et elle a pour première assise théorique la mobilisation d’un cadre d’analyse original – l’infrastructure cosmologique –, inspiré des travaux de Stoczkowski (2008), qui permet de révéler les traits saillants d’une vision du monde. Les résultats mettent en lumière l’émergence, au sein d’un mouvement qui reste largement consumériste, d’une contre-culture, proche de la simplicité volontaire, caractérisée par un rapport nouveau à la propriété, dans laquelle celle-ci n’est pas simplement remplacée par l’usage mais se charge d’un sens différent. Nous l’avons nommée « cosmologie de l’alter-possession ». Cette recherche permet de mieux comprendre les comportements de consommateurs qui entretiennent un rapport ambivalent aux possessions, entre détachement et recherche de liens durables, et aspirent à des formes de propriété plus ouvertes et plus collectives en réponse aux enjeux sociaux et environnementaux d’un monde aux ressources finies
Collaborative consumption refers to a highly varied range of practices – including rentals, loans, gifts, bartering and sharing between consumers – that challenge the primacy of individual ownership. This rapidly growing phenomenon has been the subject of many research studies that have attempted to define, map or explain it by identifying its determinants or evaluating its impact. Few researchers have focused on the cultural background to this movement. That is the focus of this study, which studies collaborative consumption from an anthropological perspective, looking at the central question of our relationship with ownership. This research, rooted in Consumer Culture Theory (CCT), adopts a phenomenological approach centred on the meaning of consumer experiences. In empirical terms, it uses an ethnographic study conducted in three different fields that reflect the diversity of collaborative practices: co-housing, collaborative pleasure boating and clothes libraries. Its main theoretical foundation is the use of an original analytical framework – cosmological infrastructure, inspired by the work of Stosczkowski (2008) – which highlights the salient traits of a particular worldview. The results reveal the emergence, within a movement that remains largely consumeristic, of a counterculture that is comparable to voluntary simplicity and characterised by a new relationship with ownership, which, for proponents of this counterculture, is not only replaced by the notion of usage but is also charged with different meaning. We call this the “cosmology of alter-possession”. This research provides a better understanding of the behaviour of consumers who maintain an ambivalent relationship with possessions, somewhere between detachment and the search for lasting links, and aspire to more open and collective forms of ownership in response to the social and environmental challenges in a world with finite resources

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MORUZZI, ROMINA. "I consumatori di fronte ai paradossi dell’offerta di prodotti alimentari sostenibili. Uno studio comparativo tra Francia e Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1729.

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Questo studio si propone di esplorare i paradossi esistenti nell’offerta di prodotti alimentari sostenibili e, di conseguenza, i comportamenti (strategie di coping) (Lazarus e Folkman, 1984) adottati dai consumatori al momento di tale percezione. A questo scopo abbiamo adattato il modello concettuale di Mick e Fournier (1998), sviluppato inizialmente per i paradossi delle tecnologie moderne, al contesto dell’Alimentazione sostenibile. A livello metodologico, è stata realizzata un’inchiesta qualitativa presso 84 individui “ordinari” (non militanti) in Francia e Italia. In più, sono stati interrogati 18 soggetti (individui militanti) che fanno abitualmente i loro acquisti presso la rete dell’AMAP, in Francia, e dei GAS in Italia. Le interviste semi-strutturate hanno permesso di mettere in luce delle differenze tra i consumatori “ordinari” dei due Paesi da un punto di vista delle strategie di coping evocate per superare i paradossi percepiti. Così abbiamo proposto tre profili di consumatori “ordinari”. Al contrario gli individui militanti si avverano come un gruppo più omogeneo tra i due contesti d’indagine, sia a livello di percezione di paradossi sia nell’adozione di pratiche sostenibili. La ricerca ha, altresì, evidenziato delle caratteristiche più specifiche alle due nazioni, per esempio a livello della struttura di mercato, della comunicazione sui prodotti sostenibili, nonché nell’ottica delle caratteristiche socioculturali. Pertanto questo studio ha avuto tre obiettivi: teorico al fine di verificare i paradossi elencati e le strategie di coping adottate dai consumatori francesi e italiani; metodologico adattando gli “ingranaggi” del modello concettuale di Mick e Fournier (1998) al contesto specifico di ricerca; e poi pratici allo scopo di distinguere degli elementi frenanti la diffusione dell’offerta sostenibile e altri che possano favorire lo sviluppo di un consumo sostenibile in ciascun Paese, come attraverso un’offerta più mirata agli aspetti ambientali in Francia ("filière nord/nord" di agricoltori francesi equo-solidali, biologici e locali) e delle produzioni più legate agli aspetti etici in Italia (ex. prodotti di economie solidali).
This study aims to explore existing paradoxes in the offer of food sustainable products and consequently consumers’ behaviours (coping strategies) (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) at the time of this perception. For this purpose, the theoretical model of Mick and Fournier (1998), built initially for studying the paradoxes of modern technologies, were adapted to sustainable food consumption. At methodological level, a qualitative survey was conducted among 84 “ordinary” consumers in France and Italy. Later other 18 subjects, usually involved into sustainable purchases (participants of AMAP, GAS), were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews shed light on some differences between “ordinary” consumers of the two countries when they adopted coping strategies to go beyond perceived paradoxes. Thus we proposed three ordinary consumers’ profiles. On the contrary engaged individuals are like a more homogeny group going over national boundaries. They agree with paradoxes and sustainable practices. In addition, the research pointed out some divergent aspects connected with specific context, for instance market of sustainable food products, communication over this offer and social cultural characteristics. Finally, this work had three objectives: theoretical to verify the paradoxes listed and evocated consumers’ strategies by French and Italian consumers; methodological regarding the adaptation of the conceptual model “gears” of Mick et Fournier (1998) to the context of sustainable consumption; and then practical ones such as identification of barriers for developing sustainable consumption and specific possible ways of growth: more attention to environmental aspects in France (“filière nord/nord” of organic, fairly, local French peasants) and ethics products in Italy (products issued from social economies).

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MORUZZI, ROMINA. "I consumatori di fronte ai paradossi dell’offerta di prodotti alimentari sostenibili. Uno studio comparativo tra Francia e Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1729.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Questo studio si propone di esplorare i paradossi esistenti nell’offerta di prodotti alimentari sostenibili e, di conseguenza, i comportamenti (strategie di coping) (Lazarus e Folkman, 1984) adottati dai consumatori al momento di tale percezione. A questo scopo abbiamo adattato il modello concettuale di Mick e Fournier (1998), sviluppato inizialmente per i paradossi delle tecnologie moderne, al contesto dell’Alimentazione sostenibile. A livello metodologico, è stata realizzata un’inchiesta qualitativa presso 84 individui “ordinari” (non militanti) in Francia e Italia. In più, sono stati interrogati 18 soggetti (individui militanti) che fanno abitualmente i loro acquisti presso la rete dell’AMAP, in Francia, e dei GAS in Italia. Le interviste semi-strutturate hanno permesso di mettere in luce delle differenze tra i consumatori “ordinari” dei due Paesi da un punto di vista delle strategie di coping evocate per superare i paradossi percepiti. Così abbiamo proposto tre profili di consumatori “ordinari”. Al contrario gli individui militanti si avverano come un gruppo più omogeneo tra i due contesti d’indagine, sia a livello di percezione di paradossi sia nell’adozione di pratiche sostenibili. La ricerca ha, altresì, evidenziato delle caratteristiche più specifiche alle due nazioni, per esempio a livello della struttura di mercato, della comunicazione sui prodotti sostenibili, nonché nell’ottica delle caratteristiche socioculturali. Pertanto questo studio ha avuto tre obiettivi: teorico al fine di verificare i paradossi elencati e le strategie di coping adottate dai consumatori francesi e italiani; metodologico adattando gli “ingranaggi” del modello concettuale di Mick e Fournier (1998) al contesto specifico di ricerca; e poi pratici allo scopo di distinguere degli elementi frenanti la diffusione dell’offerta sostenibile e altri che possano favorire lo sviluppo di un consumo sostenibile in ciascun Paese, come attraverso un’offerta più mirata agli aspetti ambientali in Francia ("filière nord/nord" di agricoltori francesi equo-solidali, biologici e locali) e delle produzioni più legate agli aspetti etici in Italia (ex. prodotti di economie solidali).
This study aims to explore existing paradoxes in the offer of food sustainable products and consequently consumers’ behaviours (coping strategies) (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) at the time of this perception. For this purpose, the theoretical model of Mick and Fournier (1998), built initially for studying the paradoxes of modern technologies, were adapted to sustainable food consumption. At methodological level, a qualitative survey was conducted among 84 “ordinary” consumers in France and Italy. Later other 18 subjects, usually involved into sustainable purchases (participants of AMAP, GAS), were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews shed light on some differences between “ordinary” consumers of the two countries when they adopted coping strategies to go beyond perceived paradoxes. Thus we proposed three ordinary consumers’ profiles. On the contrary engaged individuals are like a more homogeny group going over national boundaries. They agree with paradoxes and sustainable practices. In addition, the research pointed out some divergent aspects connected with specific context, for instance market of sustainable food products, communication over this offer and social cultural characteristics. Finally, this work had three objectives: theoretical to verify the paradoxes listed and evocated consumers’ strategies by French and Italian consumers; methodological regarding the adaptation of the conceptual model “gears” of Mick et Fournier (1998) to the context of sustainable consumption; and then practical ones such as identification of barriers for developing sustainable consumption and specific possible ways of growth: more attention to environmental aspects in France (“filière nord/nord” of organic, fairly, local French peasants) and ethics products in Italy (products issued from social economies).

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Toti, Boga Jean-François. "Rôle de l'éthique dans le processus de décision d'achat du consommateur et consommation éthique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2011.

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La consommation fait partie des mécanismes qui permettent aux individus de se distinguer, plus particulièrement à travers les pratiques alimentaires, culturelles et sportives. Il a été démontré que les consommateurs expriment leur éthique dans leurs choix de consommation. Cependant, la définition de cette consommation éthique reste assez floue en marketing et en comportement du consommateur et sa mesure n’est pas toujours adaptée. Aussi, les travaux théoriques et les modèles dans le domaine de l’éthique en marketing ont, pour la plupart été développés dans le cadre des organisations. Nous proposons dans cette thèse de clarifier les concepts de sensibilité éthique du consommateur (SEC) et de comportement de consommation éthique (CCE) et de construire un cadre théorique approprié à l’étude de l’éthique dans un contexte de consommation. Après une revue de littérature sur les origines philosophiques de l’éthique et les travaux qui lient l’éthique à l’entreprise, puis à la consommation, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel qui décrit un processus de prise de décision éthique. Ce modèle est testé puis validé à l’aide d’équations structurelles. Une étude qualitative exploratoire (14 interviews), suivie d’une collecte de données quantitatives (559 participants), servent de terrain de recherche. Les résultats offrent des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine de l’éthique des consommateurs, tant au niveau académique que managérial
Consumption is part of the mechanisms that allow individuals to distinguish themselves, especially through culture, sports and food practices. Academics found that consumers express their ethics through their consumption choices. However, the definition of ethical consumption remains quite blurred in the field of consumer behavior and its measurement is not always appropriate. We propose in this research to clarify the concepts of consumer’s ethical sensibility (CES) and consumer’s ethical consumption behavior (ECB). Then, we build an appropriate conceptual framework to explore ethics in the field of consumption. First, a qualitative study was conducted with 14 in-depth interviews and then, in a second step, a quantitative data collection was conducted among 559 consumers. The results open interesting perspectives for academics and managers in the field of consumer ethics

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Bui, Ngoc Nhu Nguyet. "Proposition d'un modèle explicatif de la consommation socialement responsable : une application portant sur les consommatrices vietnamiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAG011.

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Les consommateurs veulent, grâce à leur consommation, éliminer tout effet négatif et maximiser l'impact bénéfique à long terme sur la Société. Ce type de consommer est appelé la consommation socialement responsable. Des recherches sur ce concept ont été menées dans les pays occidentaux, mais relativement peu d'études ont porté sur les pays en Asie en général et au Vietnam en particulier. Notre volonté, dans ce travail doctoral, est de construire une échelle de mesure de la consommation socialement responsable dans le contexte du Vietnam et de modéliser la prise de décision du consommateur en matière de consommation socialement responsable dans lequel les orientations cultuelles, les valeurs personnelles, l'efficacité perçue et la valeur perçue influencent directement et indirectement sur le comportement du consommateur. Notre thèse met en évidence une structure de consommation socialement responsable en cinq facettes : orientation sociale, orientation éthique, sensibilité environnementale, consommation locale et souci d'économie avec 3 comportements vietnamiens typiques. La modélisation par les équations structurelles permet de valider partiellement le modèle proposé. En effet, le collectivisme vertical influence indirectement la consommation socialement responsable via les valeurs personnelles orientées vers les autres qui sont elles-mêmes influencent directement la consommation socialement responsable et indirectement celle-ci, via l'efficacité perçue et la valeur perçue. Cependant, le processus de décision du consommateur n'est pas identique entre les deux facettes de consommation socialement responsable étudiées
Consumer wants, through his or her consumption, to eliminate any negative effects and maximize the long-term beneficial impact on the society. This type of consume is known as socially responsible consumption. There exist a large body of literature on this concept in Western countries, but relatively few studies focused on countries in Asia in general and Vietnam in particular. This doctoral has two main aims. The first aim was to build a socially responsible consumption scale in the context of Vietnam. The second one was to propose and validate a consumer decision-making model regarding socially responsible consumption in a perspective of values in which cultural orientations, human values, perceived consumer effectiveness and perceived value directly and indirectly influence on consumer behavior. Our thesis highlights a socially responsible consumption structure in five facets: social orientation, ethical orientation, environmental awareness, local consumption and anxiety of economy with three Vietnamese typical behaviors. Modeling structural equations allows to partially validating the proposed model. Indeed, the vertical collectivism indirectly influences the socially responsible consumption via social-oriented values that are themselves directly influence the socially responsible consumption and indirectly influences the latter, via the perceived consumer effectiveness and perceived value. However, the consumer decision process is not the same between the two socially responsible consumer studied facets

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Parsatemijani, Mojtaba. "Intention Behavior Gap in Purchasing Used Products : A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Determining Purchase of Secondhand Household Durables in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172354.

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The incremental awareness ofenvironmental issues and sustainability has shifted the retail industryin past years. Consumers are increasingly demanding for sustainable products and services and consequently, companies need to address customers’ demands to maintain their profitability. One of the most sustainable consumption patterns is thrift shopping which has several economic, social, and environmental benefits. Despite the huge sustainable benefits of secondhand shopping,only a few studies investigated the behavior of thrift shoppers to identify determinants or barriers to their secondhand purchase behavior. This study is going to address this gap in the literature by extending the theory of planned behavior in the context of secondhand shopping. This leadsto three research questions which provide a strong theoretical and practical contribution to the secondhand shopping literature:RQ1: How large is the gap between the intention and the behavior of consumers buying secondhand products?RQ2: Is the gap more contributed by those who intend to buy them while they do not so, or those who intend not to buy them but do so?RQ3: What are the determinants ofpurchasing secondhand products?This study aims at investigating Swedish consumers’ secondhand purchasing behavior regardingsecondhand household durables. A quantitative research approach was adopted using a self-administered survey among 179respondents.The main findings of this study state that there is a positive gap between secondhand purchase intention and behavior. Inclined abstainers whose intention to buy secondhand products is higher than their thrift shopping behavior coverthe largestshare of the respondent in this study. Additionally, the results of this study posit that thrift shoppers’ attitude toward used goodsand thrift shopping, their past experience of secondhand shopping, social norms and peer pressure, trust in the performance of used products, product availability and shoppers’ access to thrift stores, and thrift shoppers’ perceived value are the positive determinants of thrift shopping behavior through the mediation role of purchase intention. Conversely,thethrift shoppers’ perception of the risks associated with used products negatively impacts on their secondhand shopping behavior.

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Smeets, Bram. "The sustainability of economic growth in Abu Dhabi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209454.

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Анотація:

Abu Dhabi has experienced an unprecedented development during the last half century, growing rapidly from a remote desert settlement to a thriving metropolitan. Today, the Emirate ranks among the countries with the highest GDP per capita in the world, and this impressive development is anticipated to continue in the decades to come.

However, there are several challenges to the sustainability of the current economic prosperity, and the environmental degradation that was caused by the rapid development is an important factor in this context. Today, the United Arab Emirates as a country has the highest ecological footprint per capita in the world and Abu Dhabi, hosting the major part of the heavy industries and oil extraction capacity in the country, has an even larger footprint. Key drivers of this poor environmental track-record are the high greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption levels.

This deterioration of environmental conditions has growing implications for the economic welfare and physical well-being of the population. So far, the government's environmental policy is mostly symbolic, and concrete policy measures are largely lacking today. On the contrary, there are crucial elements in the governmental policy that have strong negative impacts on environmental conditions and thus on the sustainability of Abu Dhabi's growth, such as generous implicit subsidies on energy commodities and water and an ambitious strategy for economic growth, depending on a strong expansion of heavy industry.

This poses the question how environmental conditions will develop, when the population boom and economic expansion are anticipated to continue. However, the academic literature on environmental sustainability issues in Abu Dhabi as well as in the wider Gulf region is limited. Moreover, applied policy studies on the topic are absent as well.

This dissertation intends to contribute to the academic literature as well as to insights from existing policy studies, by projecting the impact of sustained economic growth on environmental conditions in Abu Dhabi. It compares a baseline scenario of economic growth with the four most relevant policy options aimed at footprint reductions available to policy makers in the Emirate: i) The introduction of a nuclear power plant; ii) An abandonment of utility price controls; iii) Shifts in the subsidization policy of water and energy markets; iv) Energy efficiency improvements in selected parts of the economy.

A recursively dynamic, multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to generate the results in this dissertation, focusing on the two most important aspects of the ecological footprint in Abu Dhabi mentioned above. The CGE model is calibrated to a SAM for Abu Dhabi for 2009, and its specification is chosen to facilitate a focus on energy consumption and sustainability issues. Besides, it is extended by an environmental module and a fossil fuel module, and it incorporates several other modifications that are tailored to the Abu Dhabi economy.

Simulation results under a baseline scenario of economic growth show that carbon emissions will grow by 282% by 2030 compared to the base year 2009, and water consumption is anticipated to increase by 312%.

The introduction of nuclear plants, at the scale that is previewed today, will yield a reduction in emissions of 2.6% compared to the baseline scenario. The economic impact will be positive, with a 0.5% increase in GDP and small gains in employment levels.

Price liberalizations in the utility markets are a politically sensitive theme. When implemented, they can yield a 7.6% reduction in emissions and a 2.3% in water consumption by 2030 (vs. baseline). However, the economic cost involved amounts to 0.3% of GDP.

An abandonment of subsidies in the energy and water markets can lead to a 11.1% drop in carbon emissions, and a 28.8% decline in water consumption vs. baseline. The domestic economic impacts of this change are negative, but the GDP shows a modest 0.6% growth, due to improvements in the foreign trade balance.

Finally, efficiency improvements can lead to reductions in carbon emissions (13.8%) and water consumption (17.5%) compared to the baseline, and bring economic gains of 1.0% of GDP.

All four simulated policy scenarios in this dissertation bring about reductions in the ecological footprint, compared to the baseline as described above. Nonetheless, the consumption levels of energy and water as well as the related carbon emissions will be substantially higher in 2030 than they are today, under each of these scenarios. As a policy implication, the dissertation therefore finds that the previewed deterioration in environmental conditions requires active policy, if current welfare and prosperity are to be sustained. When assessed in the appropriate policy context, environmental conservation and improvements in the ecological footprint should be treated with a higher priority in the broad portfolio of development goals in Abu Dhabi.

Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Khaled, ahmad ibrahim Ghada. "L'influence de la pratique sportive au sein des clubs sportifs fédératifs sur la sensibilité des enfants (7-12 ans) aux actions responsables." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC026/document.

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Анотація:

La montée en puissance des préoccupations sociales et environnementales depuis quatre décennies, a développé l’engouement des individus à s’engager dans des comportements de consommation « socialement responsables ». Bien que les pratiques de consommation socialement responsables aient évolué, de nombreux consommateurs restent sceptiques en termes d'engagement dans des achats socialement responsables. Il existe, ainsi, un fossé entre les attitudes et les comportements réels en termes de la consommation responsable. Afin de réduire cet écart, une des solutions possibles est de sensibiliser dès le plus jeune âge à des actions responsables. Une sensibilisation qui se base sur les valeurs de respect et de responsabilité que les enfants acquièrent au cours de la socialisation. Notre recherche propose de mettre en perspective l'influence de la pratique sportive au sein des clubs fédératifs sur la sensibilité des enfants, âgés de 7 à 12 ans, aux actions responsables. Cette sensibilité se définie comme étant la propension des individus à adopter des pratiques et des comportements reflétant de valeurs de respect et de responsabilité. De plus, il s'agit de l'étude du rôle éducatif de l'entraîneur sportif auprès des enfants. Au cours de cette recherche, la revue de la littérature et le travail empirique réalisés, une étude qualitative et trois collectes des données quantitatives auprès de 1384 enfants, nous ont permis d'atteindre deux principaux objectifs. Dans un premier temps, nous avons construit deux échelles de mesure : la Mission Éducative de l'Entraîneur Sportif (MEES) et la Sensibilité des enfants aux Actions Responsables (SAR). Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes attachés à répondre à la problématique et aux principales questions de la recherche. Les résultats de la comparaison, entre des enfants pratiquant un sport et des enfants qui n'en pratiquent pas, confirment l'influence de la pratique sportive au sein des clubs sur la sensibilisation des enfants aux actions responsables. Les conclusions permettent, en effet, de mettre en exergue sur le rôle éducatif des entraîneurs sportifs à travers leur contribution à la sensibilisation des enfants aux actions responsables
The rise of social and environmental concerns over the past four decades has developed people's enthusiasm to engage in socially responsible consumption behavior. Although socially responsible consumption practices have evolved, many consumers remain skeptical about a real commitment to socially responsible purchasing. Thus, there is a gap between individuals' attitudes and actual behavior in terms of responsible consumption. In order to bridge this gap, one possible solution is to make children's aware of responsible actions. An awareness that is based on the values of respect and responsibility that children develop during socialization. Our research proposes to highlight the influence of sports participation within federal clubs on the awareness of children (7-12 years old) to responsible actions. The awareness that we define as the propensity of individuals to adopt practices and behaviors reflecting the values of respect and responsibility. In addition, we aim to highlight the educational role of the sports coach. In order to attempt our research's main objectives, a qualitative study and three data collections were carried out within 1,384 subjects. Firstly, we developed two scales in order to measure respectively the Educative Mission of Sports Coaches (EMSC) and the Awareness to Responsible Actions (ARA). In the second step, the third data collection allowed us to answer the main research problem and its principal questions. The results of the comparison between sport practicing and non-sport practicing subjects, confirm the influence of the sports participation within federal sports clubs on the awareness of children to responsible actions. Indeed, the conclusions highlight the educative role of sports coaches through their contribution to raising children’s awareness to responsible actions

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Batisse, Julien. "Responsabilité sociétale et ancrage territorial d'une entreprise de services urbains : le cas de Lyonnaise des Eaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30049/document.

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Dans un contexte de réflexions contemporaines sur la durabilité des services urbains d’eau potable, nous nous intéressons à la stratégie de responsabilité sociétale de Lyonnaise des Eaux comme contribution à la mise en mots et mise en œuvre du développement durable dans ce secteur d’activité. L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser et questionner la stratégie de responsabilité sociétale de l’entreprise (RSE) pour y mettre en lumière d’une part ses causes, processus, finalités, et en comprendre, d’autre part, les impacts sur l’ancrage territorial de l’entreprise. Le mouvement de territorialisation de la RSE s’exprime dans un processus d’interaction global-local aboutissant à la régionalisation de la stratégie RSE de Lyonnaise des Eaux et à son incarnation locale sous la forme de projets développement durable. A partir de l’exemple de la gestion de l’eau potable dans la métropole bordelaise, nous avons étudié et mené deux projets de développement durable au sein de Lyonnaise des Eaux : le premier centré sur la gestion des usagers en situation de précarité hydrique ; le second portant sur l’accompagnement des usagers à la gestion durable de leur consommation d’eau. L’exploration des conditions territoriales de faisabilité de ces projets met en lumière les possibilités offertes à l’entreprise de répondre aux enjeux du territoire en limitant l’impact lié à son activité et de générer les ressources spécifiques nécessaires à son intégration dans des dispositifs locaux d’innovation. L’analyse spatiale de la responsabilité sociétale montre qu’elle est aussi l’interface négociée de l’adaptation et de l’action territorialisée de l’entreprise aux différents échelons
In a context of contemporary reflections on the sustainability of urban water utilities, we focus on Lyonnaise des Eaux’s corporate social responsibility strategy as a contribution to putting into words and implementing sustainable development in this sector. This work aims at analyzing on the one hand the causes, processes, goals of Lyonnaise des Eaux CSR strategy and understanding on the other hand the impact of these strategies on the company’s territorial embeddedness. CSR's territorial impetus is expressed via a global-local interaction process leading to the regionalization of Lyonnaise des Eaux CSR strategy and, its local embodiment through sustainable development projects. Based on the example of water management in the Bordeaux metropolis, we have studied and conducted two sustainable development projects within the company, one focused on water poverty management and the other focused on sustainable management of domestic water consumption. Exploring the feasibility conditions of these CSR projects highlights the opportunities for the company to meet the challenges of the territory by limiting the impact associated with its business or generate specific resources necessary for its integration into local innovation systems. The territorial approach of corporate responsibility strategy shows that it also appears as a negotiated interface used by Lyonnaise des Eaux for its adaptation and action at different scales

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36

Lancesseur, Nicolas. "Macroeconomic scenarios for employment in the socio-ecological transition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010043.

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L'objectif général de cette thèse est l'évaluation ex ante des politiques économiques nécessaires en Europe dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. Au-delà de l'objectif environnemental, une attention particulière a été portée aux résultats d'emploi de ces politiques. L'analyse des scénarios construits dans cette optique, nous a conduits aux constats suivants: (i) pour respecter les recommandations du GIEC, l'action politique est urgente et doit être forte. (ii) La volonté nécessaire pour mettre en place ces politiques est certes significative, mais l'intensité des efforts n'a rien d'exceptionnel d'un point de vue historique (à l'inverse du réchauffement climatique qui est un défi historique). (iii) S'ils sont bien calibrés, les instruments économiques qui ont pour but de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, permettront également d'améliorer la situation de l'emploi en Europe. (iv) Néanmoins, il serait très risqué d'attendre, pour agir, de trouver des politiques climatiques qui puissent en même temps résorber la totalité du chômage européen, car il est très improbable que de telles politiques soient possibles. En effet, le marché du travail connaît actuellement de lourds déséquilibres, et fera face dans les prochaines décennies à des risques structurels importants. Un des scénarios de cette étude nous a amenés à entreprendre une investigation empirique pour vérifier un choix de modélisation que nous avons fait. Nous avons alors développé un modèle économétrique original pour capter les effets des changements de préférence dans la consommation. Le filtre de Kalman a ainsi été utilisé pour estimer le biais de changement de préférence au moyen d'un système de demande de consommation en données de panel. Plusieurs changements structurels indépendants de l'évolution des prix ou des revenus, tels que la montée des préoccupations des consommateurs pour l'environnement, la santé et le bien-être, ont été identifiés dans nos estimations. Par ailleurs les résultats empiriques apportés par ce modèle confirment que les changements de comportement de consommation simulés dans le scénario construit en première partie sont d'un ordre de grandeur raisonnable
The general objective of this dissertation is the ex ante assessment of the economic policy response needed in the European Union to take up the climate change issue. Moreover, we tried to maximise the employment results of these policies. The results of the scenarios designed in this framework, lead us to the following beliefs: (i) to respect the recommendations of the IPCC, which is an absolute necessity, the political reaction needs to be rapid and strong from now. (ii) Despite the intensity of the policy response, the scale of the endeavours is not so exceptional in a historical perspective, while global warming is definitely a historical challenge. (iii) The economic instruments aiming at reducing GHG emissions will result, if they are well calibrated, in a significant better situation of the European labour market. (iv) However it would be very dangerous to wait for climate mitigation policies that could selve also completely the labour market issue, because such policies are unlikely to exist. Indeed, the European labour market currently faces serious difficulties and will face important structural risks in the next decades. It is a good thing if the mitigation policies participate to the solution, but the structural disequilibrium of labour market requires a much larger response from policy makers. One of the policy response scenarios led us to make an empirical investigation to verify the credibility of one modelling choice we made. Then, we developed an original econometric mode! aiming to capture the effect of the preferences change on consumption. We used therefore the Kalman fil ter to estimate this bias of preference changes in a consumption demand system in the framework of a panel data model. Severa! structural changes independent of prices or income motions, such as the rise in environmental, health, and well-being concems, are captured by our estimations. Moreover, the empirical results provided by the mode! confirm that the consumers behaviour changes simulated in the scenario built in the first part, are in a reasonable order of magnitude

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Sancassani, Andrei [UNESP]. "Custo energético durante a prática do Kendō e proposição de protocolo específico para avaliação da aptidão aeróbia em praticantes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138294.

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Enquanto luta, o Kendō apresenta movimentos dinâmicos e estáticos, com manejo da espada em diferentes planos e amplitudes articulares, além do deslocamento vertical e horizontal do corpo. Este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar o custo energético (Ė) durante a prática do Kendō, bem como analisar a aptidão aeróbia de seus praticantes (consumo máximo de oxigênio (V̇O2max), limiar de permuta gasosa (LPG) e ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR)) e propor um protocolo progressivo máximo com técnicas do Kendō para a avaliação específica da aptidão aeróbia. Dez participantes homens (29,0 ± 7,6 anos, 82,0 ± 14,2 kg, 174,4 ± 7,5 cm) foram submetidos à (1) avaliação da composição corporal pelo DXA, (2) teste progressivo em esteira para avaliação cardiorrespiratória, (3) protocolo de desempenho: 11 exercícios de aquecimento e 31 de waza, aplicando técnicas de Kendō e (4) protocolo específico para o Kendō. Parâmetros ventilatórios foram amostrados respiração-a-respiração, usando uma unidade portátil (K4b2, COSMED®). O Ė (kcal×min-1) foi obtido pela equação: Ė = 3,941 × V̇O2 + 1,106 × V̇CO2. Para cada fase do protocolo (aquecimento e waza) foram considerados: ĖPico (ĖPicoAquec e ĖPicoWaza, em kcal×min-1), ĖMédia (ĖMédiaAquec e ĖMédiaWaza, em kcal×min-1) e ĖTotal (ĖTotalAquec, ĖTotalWaza e ĖTotalProt, em kcal). A transformação em equivalente metabólico (MET) foi realizada com o emprego da constante 4.184 (kJ×kg-1×h-1) a partir do V̇O2 de repouso (avaliado na posição sentada durante 10 minutos). A quantidade (gramas) e taxa (gramas∙min-1) de oxidação de carboidratos (CHO) e gorduras (FAT) foi determinada por: CHO = 4,585 V̇CO2 – 3,226 V̇O2 e FAT = 1,695 V̇O2 – 1,701 V̇CO2. O coeficiente de Pearson analisou as correlações entre as variáveis do custo energético e da composição regional e corporal. Em todas as análises adotou-se  ≤ 0,05. Os valores de ĖTotal foram: 76,2 ± 13,2 kcal (ĖTotalAquec) e 142,2 ± 26,5 kcal (ĖTotalWaza). Os valores de pico foram: 13,5 ± 2,7 kcal×min-1 (ĖPicoAquec) e 14,3 ± 2,9 kcal×min-1 (ĖPicoWaza). Em METs, os valores alcançaram picos de 6,9 ± 1,4 e 7,7 ± 1,8 kJ×kg-1×h-1 durante a execução do aquecimento e waza, respectivamente. As quantidades de CHO e FAT utilizadas foram 21,5  7,4 gramas e 2,0  1,1 gramas (aquecimento) e 52,0  6,4 gramas e 0,1  0,2 gramas (waza). A massa total e área regional e corporal não diferem quanto à influência sobre as variáveis de Ė e oxidação de substratos, porém a massa isenta de gordura regional (MIG) é mais influente sobre as variáveis de Ė, quando comparada à MIG corporal. Assim, a demanda energética durante a execução das técnicas do Kendō está associada à área e à quantidade de tecido regional metabolicamente ativo.
As fighting, the Kendō is a combination of dynamic and static movements handling the sword in different plans and range of motion, as well as vertical and horizontal body displacement. This study aimed to quantify the energy cost during the practice of Kendō, and also analyze the aerobic level of the practitioners (maximal oxygen consumption (V̇ O2max), gas exchange threshold (GET) and respiratory compensation point (RCP)), and finally propose a progressive protocol from Kendō techniques to the specific assessment of aerobic condition. Ten male participants (29.0 ± 7.6 years, 82.0 ± 14.2 kg, 174.4 ± 7.5 cm) were underwent (1) assessing body composition by DXA, (2) progressive treadmill test for cardiac evaluation, (3) Performance protocol: 11 warm-up exercises and 31 waza, applying techniques Kendō, and (4) specific Kendō protocol. Ventilatory parameters were sampled breath-by-breath using a portable unit (K4b2 , Cosmed). The Ė (kcal×min-1 ) was obtained from: Ė = 3.941 × 1.106 × V̇ O2 + V̇ CO2. For each phase of the protocol (warm-up and waza) were considered: ĖPeak (ĖPeakWarm and ĖPeakWaza, in kcal×min-1 ), ĖMean (ĖMeanWarm and ĖMeanWaza, in kcal×min-1 ), and ĖTotal (ĖTotalWarm, ĖTotalWaza and ĖTotalProt, in kcal). The metabolic equivalent (MET) was obtained by the constant 4.184 (kJ× g-1 ×h-1 ) from the rest V̇ O2 (measured in sited position for 10 minutes). The amount (grams) and rate (grams×min-1 ) for carbohydrate (CHO) and fat (FAT) oxidation were measured from CHO = 4,585 V̇ CO2 – 3,226 V̇ O2 e FAT = 1,695 V̇ O2 – 1,701 V̇ CO2. The Pearson’s coefficient analyzed the correlation between the variables of energy cost and regional/whole body composition. The level of significance was set at  ≤ 0.05. The values for ĖTotal were: 76.2 ± 13.2 kcal (ĖTotalAquec) and 142.2 ± 26.5 kcal (ĖTotalWaza). The peak values were: 13.5 ± 2.7 kcal×min-1 (ĖPeakWarm) and 14.3 ± 2.9 kcal×min-1 (ĖPeakWaza). The MET values reached peaks at 6.9 ± 1.4 and 7.7 ± 1.8 kJ×kg-1 ×h-1 during the warm-up and waza, respectively. The amount of CHO and FAT oxidized were 21.5  7.4 grams and 2.0  1.1 grams (warm-up), and 52.0  6.4 grams and 0.1  0.2 grams (Waza). The regional and whole-body total mass and area had no different for the influence on the expenditure of Ė and substrate, although regional FFM exerted greater influence on Ė variables than whole-body FFM have presented. Thus, the energy demand during Kendō performance is related to the area and the amount of regional tissue metabolically active.

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Felipe, Renata Carlos. "Respostas fisiol?gicas durante teste de caminhada dos 6 minutos em mulheres com diferentes n?veis de adiposidade." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16722.

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Backgroud: Obesity is a major public health problem and is related to the low physical capacity when obese are compared to no-obese people, however the cause of this limitation is not completely understood. The measurement associated of physiological response to the telemetric 6MWT adds information of metabolic and respiratory system for diagnose of the functional limitation. Objective: Analyze physiological, metabolic and ventilatory responses in women with different body fat during the 6MWT. Methods: 32 women (8 non-obese, 8 Overweight, 8 Obese and 8 morbidly obese) were evaluated for anthropometry, lung function and exercise capacity. Results: Morbidly obese walked the shortest distance (400.2?38.7m), had lower VO2/Kg (12.75?3.20l/Kg/min) and lower R (0.74? 0.11) in the 6MWT compared to other groups. Analyses of metabolic (VO2 and VCO2) and respiratory (VE, VT and BF) during the test did not identify differences between groups. The evaluation of cardiac function (O2 pulse) found higher values in the OM (12.3 ? 4.9ml/bat). Conclusion: The OM had worse performance in the 6MWT compared to other groups. The physical performance may be reduced in this population related to a protocol-dependent response because the speed of 6MWT is self-adjusted allows the individual himself select the intensity of the test, making it set at a speed where there is energy saving
Introdu??o: A obesidade ? um importante problema de sa?de p?blica sendo relacionada ao baixo rendimento em atividades f?sicas quando obesos s?o comparados a normopesos, entretanto a causa dessa limita??o n?o ? totalmente esclarecida. A associa??o de medidas telem?tricas da resposta fisiol?gica ao TC6M agrega informa??es do sistema metab?lico e respirat?rio para o diagn?stico da limita??o funcional. Objetivo: analisar as respostas fisiol?gicas metab?lica, ventilat?ria e cardiovascular de mulheres com diferentes perfis de adiposidade durante o TC6M. M?todo: 32 mulheres (8 normopeso-NP, 8 Sobrepeso-SP, 8 Obesas-OB e 8 Obesas M?rbidas-OM) foram avaliadas quanto ? antropometria, fun??o pulmonar e capacidade de exerc?cio. Resultados: As OM caminharam a menor dist?ncia (400.2?38.7m), obtiveram menor VO2/Kg (12.75?3.20l/Kg/min) e menor R (0.74?0.11) no TC6M em rela??o aos demais grupos. A an?lise do comportamento metab?lico (VO2 e VCO2) e respirat?rio (VE, VC e FR) durante o teste n?o identificou diferen?a entre os grupos. A avalia??o da fun??o card?aca (pulso de O2) encontrou maiores valores nas OM (12.3?4.9ml/frequ?ncia). Conclus?o: As OM apresentaram pior desempenho no TC6M em rela??o aos demais grupos. O desempenho f?sico reduzido nessa popula??o pode estar relacionado a uma resposta protocolo-dependente, pois a velocidade auto-ajustada do TC6M permite que o pr?prio indiv?duo selecione a intensidade do teste, fazendo com que seja selecionada uma velocidade onde haja economia energ?tica

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Fernandes, Nayanny de Sousa. "Uso da tampa interna da colmeia Langstroth na manutenÃÃo da homeostase em colÃnias de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera durante o perÃodo de estiagem no semiÃrido nordestino." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12786.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A colmeia Langstroth traz em seu modelo original uma tampa interna, localizada imediatamente abaixo da tampa que serviria para auxiliar as abelhas na termoregulaÃÃo do ninho. No Brasil, essa tampa interna foi retirada dos componentes da colmeia sob a alegaÃÃo de que o paÃs Ã tropical e a tampa interna se tornaria desnecessÃria, sem que estudos tenham sido conduzidos a esse respeito. O presente estudo se propÃs a investigar o papel da tampa interna da colmeia Langstroth na homeostase de colÃnias de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera no perÃodo de estiagem no SemiÃrido nordestino. O estudo foi realizado nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2012, no SÃtio CanafÃstula do BixopÃ, Distrito de BixopÃ, municÃpio de Limoeiro do Norte-CE. O experimento constou de 10 colmeias sem tampa interna (T1) e 10 colmeias com tampa interna (T2), nas quais se registraram temperatura e umidade relativa no interior das colmeias, a ventilaÃÃo (intensidade e nÃmero de operÃrias ventilando), coleta de Ãgua (nÃmero de abelhas coletoras por horÃrio, nÃmero de viagens por abelha, intervalo entre as viagens e tempo gasto para coleta), bem como o consumo das reservas de alimento entre as colmeias dos dois tratamentos. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferenÃa significativa (p<0,05) para a temperatura e umidade relativa no interior das colmeias, com as mÃdias diferindo estatisticamente entre T1 (32,08Â0,27ÂC e 53,23Â0,62%) e T2 (31,60Â0,33ÂC e 54,96Â0,75%). Os dados de intensidade de ventilaÃÃo, e o nÃmero de abelhas ventilando nÃo diferiram entre os tratamentos T1 (20,65Â0,77 mm e 0,62Â0,14 abelhas) e T2 (20,27Â0,86 mm e 0,3Â0,06 abelhas). Na coleta de Ãgua, houve diferenÃa estatÃstica nos horÃrios de 11:00, 15:00 e 16:00, nos tratamentos T1 (16,25Â2,05, 18,25Â2,28 e 14,00Â1,35) e T2 (8,25Â1,88, 12,25Â0,62 e 9,75Â0,75), como tambÃm no tempo gasto para a coleta de Ãgua (T1=34,86Â0,56 s e T2=37,64Â0,63 s). O nÃmero de viagens/abelha/dia diferiu nos tratamentos T1 e T2 somente entre os quartis I e II (Q1T1: 11,25Â4,52; Q2 T1: 35,5Â22,22; Q1T2: 4Â1,71; Q2 T2: 25,5Â15,28), para o teste de Man-Whitney. No intervalo entre viagens houve diferenÃa estatÃstica somente nos quartis I, II e IV dos tratamentos T1 (Q1T1: 6Â5,13; Q2 T1: 8Â7,41 e Q4 T1: 97Â23,50 min) e T2 (Q1T2: 5,25Â3,94; Q2 T2: 8Â6,94 e Q4 T2: 272Â82,29 min) para o teste de Man-Whitney. A mÃdia de consumo da reserva de alimento nÃo diferiu entre tratamentos, sendo 177,7Â29,9 g em T1 e 141,8Â13,8 g em T2. Conclui-se que a tampa interna da colmeia Langstroth propicia que as abelhas dessas colmeias consigam melhores condiÃÃes de homeostase interna do ninho desprendendo menor esforÃo que aquelas de colmeias sem tampa interna.
The Langstroth hive has its original model in an inner lid, just below the lid which would serve to assist the bees in the nest thermoregulation. In Brazil, the inner cover was removed from the hive components on the grounds that the country is tropical and the inner cover would become unnecessary, but no study has been done in this direction. The present study aims to investigate the role of the inner cover of the hive Langstroth homeostasis of Africanized bee colonies Apis mellifera in the dry season in the Caatinga in Limoeiro Norte-CearÃ. The survey was conducted in October and November 2012 at the site of CanafÃstula BixopÃ, District BixopÃ, in the city of Limoeiro do Norte, state of CearÃ. The experiment consisted of 10 hives without inner cover (T1) and 10 hives with inner cover (T2), in which he recorded temperature and relative humidity in the hives, ventilation (intensity and number of workers fanning), water harvesting (number of collecting bees by time, number of trips per bee, interval between the journeys and time spent for collection), and the consumption of food reserves from the hives of the two treatments. The results showed a significant difference (p <0.05) for temperature and relative humidity in the hives, with averages differing significantly between T1 (32.08 Â 0,27ÂC and 53.23 Â 0.62%) and T2 (31.60 Â 0,33ÂC and 54.96 Â 0.75%). The intensity data of ventilation, and the number of fanning bees did not differ between T1 (20.65 Â 0.77mm and 0.62 Â 0.14 bees) and T2 (20.27 Â 0.86mm and treatments 0.3 Â 0.06 bees). In collecting water, there was no statistical difference in the times of 11:00, 15:00 and 16:00 in T1 (16.25 Â 2.05, 18.25 Â 2.28 and 14.00 Â 1.35 treatments) and T2 (8.25 Â 1.88, 12.25 Â 0.62 and 9.75 Â 0.75), as well as the time spent collecting water (T1 = 34.86 Â 0.56s and T2 = 37.64 Â 0.63s). The number of trips / bee / day differed between the T1 and T2 only between quartiles I and II (Q1T1: 11.25 Â 4.52; Q2 T1: 35.5 Â 22.22; Q1T2: 4 Â 1.71, Q2 T2: 25.5 Â 15.28), for the Man-Whitney test. In between trips was no statistical difference only in quartiles I, II and IV of T1 treatments (Q1T1: 6 Â 5.13; Q2 T1: 8 Â 7.41 and Q4 T1: 97 Â 23.50 min) and T2 (Q1T2: 5.25 Â 3.94; Q2 T2: 8 Â 6.94 and Q4 T2: 272 Â 82.29 min) for the Man-Whitney test. The average consumption of food supply did not differ between treatments, being in T1 177.7 Â 29.9g and 141.8Â 3.8g in T2. We conclude that the inner cover of the hive Langstroth provides that these bees hives achieve better conditions of internal homeostasis of the nest giving off less effort than those of hives without inner cover in conditions of the Limoeiro do Norte, CearÃ.

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Ormeño, Sánchez Arturo. "Essays on Inflation Expectations, Heterogeneous Agents, and the Use of Approximated Solutions in the Estimation of DSGE models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51247.

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In this thesis I evaluate the departures of three common assumptions in macroeconomic modeling and estimation, namely the Rational Expectations (RE) hypothesis, the representative agent assumption and the use of first-order approximations in the estimation of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. In the first chapter I determine how the use of survey data on inflation expectations in the estimation of a model alters the evaluation of the RE assumption in comparison to an alternative assumption, namely learning. In chapter two, I use heterogeneous agent models to determine the relationship between income volatility and the demand for durable goods. In the third chapter I evaluate if the use of first-order approximations in the estimation of a model could affect the evaluation of the determinants of the Great Moderation.
En esta tesis analizo desvíos de tres supuestos comunes en la elaboración y estimación de modelos macroeconómicos. Estos supuestos son la Hipótesis de Expectativas Racionales (ER), el supuesto del Agente Representativo, y el uso de aproximaciones de primer orden en la estimación de los modelos de equilibrio general. En el primer capítulo determino como el empleo de datos de expectativas de inflación en la estimación de un modelo puede alterar la evaluación del supuesto de ER en comparación a un supuesto alternativo como learning. En el segundo capítulo, utilizo modelos de agentes heterogéneos para determinar la relación entre la volatilidad de los ingresos y la demanda de bienes durables. En el tercer capítulo, analizo si el uso de aproximaciones de primer orden afecta la evaluación de los determinantes de la Gran Moderación.

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Bravo, Valter Akira [UNESP]. "Determinação da contribuição anaeróbia durante o desempenho do nado crawl em distâncias curtas e médias-curtas, entre homens e mulheres." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154840.

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Está bem estabelecido que a contribuição glicolítica anaeróbia é predominante nos eventos próximos a 50 e 100 metros, e que a contribuição aláctica alcança sua maior capacidade de contribuição próximos aos 50 metros. Todavia, pode-se questionar se a taxa de ajuste do metabolismo anaeróbio não seria mais apropriada para analisar os desempenhos de curta duração (50 e 100 metros), ao invés da demanda total. Bem como, pouco se sabe se AOD e as demandas de cada metabolismo (láctico vs. aláctico vs aeróbio) tendem a apresentar respostas diferentes entre sexos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o déficit acumulado de oxigênio (AOD) nos desempenhos do crawl em distâncias de 50, 100 e 200 metros, comparando-o pelo método da variação da resposta lactacidêmica e perfil aláctico da curva de débito oxigênio. Participaram deste estudo 12 (doze) nadadores homens (16,8 ± 2,2 anos, 179,3 ± 7,0 cm e 69,4 ± 7,8 kg) e 10 (dez) nadadoras (15,5 ± 3 anos, 161,8 ± 6,2 cm e 55,5 ± 6,8 kg). Todos realizaram o desempenho máximo para as distâncias de 50, 100 e 200 metros para a determinação do O2 acumulado. Após 24 horas, os nadadores desempenharam um teste incremental escalonado máximo e descontínuo (TIE: 6x250m e 1x200m, 50 a 100% da v200m) para a avaliação do V̇O2max e obtenção da relação V̇O2 vs. velocidade de nado em intensidades submáximas. A partir desta relação, projetou-se a demanda de O2 nas velocidades correspondentes ao 50, 100 e 200m foi estimada. Em seguida, a permuta gasosa pulmonar também foi analisada durante os desempenhos de 50, 100 e 200m para se obter a oferta de O2 durante e após cada distância. A estimativa de AOD foi realizada pela comparação entre demanda e oferta de O2. A fase rápida de decaimento exponencial da curva de recuperação do O2, após cada distância de nado, estimou a contribuição aláctica. Enquanto que o equivalente de O2 para a variação da resposta do lactato sanguíneo foi utilizada para reconstruir a demanda anaeróbia láctica. Em todos os testes, o V̇O2 foi obtido respiração-a-respiração por uma unidade metabólica automatizada e portátil (CPET K4b2), que esteve acoplada a um snorkel específico e validado na natação (new-AquaTrainer®). O teste ANOVA (uma entrada, com Sidak como post-hoc) comparou as médias do perfil metabólico entre homens e mulheres para cada distância de desempenho (50, 100 e 200 metros). O nível de significância foi estabelecido em ρ≤0,05. Os resultados preliminares indicam que o V̇O2max correspondeu à 4012,3 ± 453,3 ml×min-1 entre homens e à 3043 ± 335,6 ml×min-1 entre as mulheres. a demanda anaeróbia (AOD) é maior entre as mulheres (50m: 26,2  5,6 mlO2×kg-1; 100m: 43,3  10,2 mlO2×kg-1; 200m: 62,8  15,4 mlO2×kg-1) quando comparadas aos homens (50m: 19,7  3,9 mlO2×kg-1; 100m: 33,6  10,6 mlO2×kg-1; 200m: 48,3  15,7 mlO2×kg-1). Todavia, essas diferenças, quando analisada pela relação percentual entre Déficit/Demanda Acumulada de O2, mostram-se significativas em 50m (P=0,05), mas não em 100m (P=0,32) e 200m ( P=0,47). Ao ponderar pela distância de nado, o AOD (em mlO2×kg-1×m-1) evidenciou tendência decrescente entre as distâncias de nado (significativa apenas ao comparar 50m e 100m vs. 200m, P<0,01 e P<0,05, respectivamente), bem como as diferenças entre sexos não foram significativas ao compará-los em 50m (H: 0,39 e M: 0,52 mlO2×kg-1×m-1, P=0,122), em 100m (H: 0,33 e M: 0,43 mlO2×kg-1×m-1, P=0,741) e em 200m (H: 0,24 e M: 0,31 mlO2×kg-1×m-1, P=0,948). Durante o desempenho nas distâncias de 50, 100 e 200 metros, os perfis de ativação e parcela de contribuição de cada metabolismo energético apresenta a taxa absoluta (mlO2×kg-1) aláctica mais elevada em homens, quando comparada à ativação em mulheres, que demonstram desempenho com predomínio láctico nas distâncias. As diferenças na produção energética entre os sexos mostram valores distintos apenas para a produção aláctica em 50m (P=0,039). Assim, mulheres não apresentam restrições para o suprimento energético anaeróbio, em velocidades supra-máximas de nado, quando essa demanda é estimada pelo método AOD tradicional. Porém, os valores relativos de contribuição dos metabolismos tendem a não serem similares entre homens e mulheres na construção da demanda anaeróbia total (29,2% (50 metros), 15,8% (100 metros) e 29,3% (em 200 metros) superior em homens), causada pela maior ativação do metabolismo aláctico (64,7%, 47,4% e 60,9%) em cada uma destas distâncias. Essa maior contribuição anaeróbia aláctica em homens pode ser um efeito produzido pelas diferenças de massa muscular, sugerindo o desenvolvimento da massa magra para melhorar o desempenho em tarefas com demanda anaeróbia elevada.
It is well established that the anaerobic glycolytic contribution is predominant in events close to 50 and 100 meters, and that the alactic contribution reaches its greatest capacity of contribution close to 50 meters. However, one question that needs to be asked is whether a rate of anaerobic metabolism adjustment is no longer useful for analyzing short-term performance (50 and 100 meters), as opposed to total demand. As well as, little is known if AOD and the demands of each metabolism (lactic vs. alactic vs aerobic) tend to present different responses between genders. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) in crawl performance at distances of 50, 100 and 200 meters, comparing it by the lactacidemic response and alactic profile of the recovery curve Twelve (12) male swimmers (16.8 ± 2.2 years, 179.3 ± 7.0 cm and 69.4 ± 7.8 kg) and 10 (ten) female swimmers (15.5 ± 3 years old, 161.8 ± 6.2 cm and 55.5 ± 6.8 kg)) participated in this study. All participants were performed a maximal effort at 3 distances (50, 100 and 200 meters) for the determination of accumulated O2 After 24 hours, swimmers performed a maximum and discontinuous step incremental test (TIE: 6x250m and 1x200m, 50 to 100% of v200m) for an evaluation of V̇O2max and obtaining the VO2 vs. swimming speed relationship. From this relation, the demand for O2 at the velocities corresponding to 50, 100 and 200m was estimated. Then, gas exchange was also analyzed during the exercises of 50, 100 and 200m for an O2 supply during and after each distance. The AOD estimate was made by comparing demand and supply of O2. The energy produced from anaerobic alactic metabolism was estimated from the fast component of the post V̇O2. The net energy produced from anaerobic lactic acid metabolism was determined from [La-]net. In all tests, VO2 was obtained breath-by-breath by an automated and portable metabolic unit (CPET K4b2), which was coupled to a specific and validated swimming snorkel (new-AquaTrainer®). The ANOVA test (an entry, with Sidak as a post-hoc) compared the medias of the metabolic profile between men and women for each distance of performance (50, 100 and 200 m). The level of significance was set at ρ≤0.05. Preliminary results indicate that VO2max corresponded to 4012.3 ± 453.3 ml×min-1 for men and 3043 ± 335.6 ml×min-1 for women. Anaerobic demand (AOD) is higher among women (50m: 26,2  5,6 mlO2×kg-1; 100m: 43,3  10,2 mlO2×kg-1; 200m: 62,8  15,4 mlO2×kg-1) than in men (50m: 19,7  3,9 mlO2×kg-1; 100m: 33,6  10,6 mlO2×kg-1; 200m: 48,3  15,7 mlO2×kg-1). However, these differences, when analyzed by the percentage ratio between O2 Accumulated Deficit / Demand, are significant in 50m (P=0,05, but not in 100m (P = 0.32) and 200m (P = 0.47). When considering swimming distance, the AOD (in mlO2×kg-1×m-1) showed a decreasing trend between swimming distances (significant only when comparing 50m and 100m vs. 200m, P <0.01 and P <0.05, respectively), as well as the differences between sexes were not significant when comparing them in 50m (H: 0,39 e M: 0,52 mlO2×kg-1×m-1, P=0,122), in 100m (H: 0,33 e M: 0,43 mlO2×kg-1×m-1, P=0,741) and in 200m (H: 0,24 e M: 0,31 mlO2×kg-1×m-1, P=0,948). During performance at distances of 50, 100 and 200 meters, the activation and contribution profiles of each energy metabolism has the highest absolute (mlO2×kg-1) alactic rate in men, when compared to activation in women, which demonstrate performance with lactic predominance at distances. Differences in energy production between the sexes show different values only for the production in 50 m (P = 0.039). Thus, women do not present restrictions for the anaerobic energetic supply, at supramaximum swimming speeds, when this demand is estimated by the traditional AOD method. However, the relative values of metabolic contribution tend not to be similar between men and women in the construction of the total anaerobic demand total (29,2% (50 m), 15,8% (100 m) and 29,3% (200 m) superior in men), caused by the greater activation of the alactic metabolism (64,7%, 47,4% e 60,9%) at each of these distances. This greater anaerobic alactic contribution in men may be an effect produced by muscle mass differences, suggesting the development of lean mass to improve performance in tasks with high anaerobic demand.

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Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto. "Consumo alimentar durante a gestação: fatores associados e influência sobre a retenção de peso quinze dias pós-parto em mulheres clientes de serviço público de saúde em São Paulo (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21092009-114052/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Manter hábitos alimentares saudáveis durante a gravidez evita a retenção de peso pós-parto, desfecho que contribui para a elevação da prevalência de obesidade em mulheres. OBJETIVO: Estudar, em coorte de grávidas clientes de serviço público de pré-natal: o consumo alimentar e fatores sócio-econômicos associados; e a influência do consumo alimentar sobre a retenção de peso pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Em estudo de coorte realizado em 5 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Município de São Paulo, foram acompanhadas 88 gestantes entrevistadas nas consultas de pré-natal e em visita domiciliar 15 dias pós-parto. Para avaliação do consumo alimentar utilizou-se o inquérito Recordatório de 24h, aplicado no 2º trimestre de gestação. Foram calculados o consumo energético e de frutas, verduras e legumes (FLVs), fibras, gordura saturada, açúcar adicionado, alimentos processados e a densidade energética da dieta por meio de tabelas de composição de alimentos. O consumo alimentar foi comparado com as metas de ingestão da OMS. Avaliou-se a retenção de peso pós-parto pela diferença entre a medida de peso 15 dias pós-parto e a realizada no início da gestação. A influência das variáveis sócio-econômicas (renda familiar per capita, escolaridade, estado marital e idade) sobre a adequação do consumo alimentar foi avaliada utilizando-se análise de regressão logística múltipla. Estudou-se a associação entre as variáveis de consumo alimentar (divididas em terços) e a retenção de peso pós-parto mediante análise de regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: Mais de 30 por cento das mulheres apresentaram consumo excessivo de açúcar adicionado e gordura saturada, 64 por cento não atingiram a ingestão mínima de FLVs e nenhuma consumiu a quantidade de fibra alimentar recomendada. O aumento da renda reduziu o Odds Ratio de consumo insuficiente de FLVs (p=0,007). O Odds Ratio de consumo excessivo de açúcar adicionado elevou-se nas mulheres com companheiro (p=0,011) e com maior escolaridade (p=0,008). Maior consumo de gordura saturada elevou a retenção de peso pós-parto de forma estatisticamente significativa no modelo ajustado (p de tendência=0,033). Não foi encontrada relação significativa entre retenção de peso pós-parto e as demais variáveis de consumo alimentar. CONCLUSÃO: O padrão alimentar das gestantes não se mostrou adequado diante as recomendações da OMS, principalmente quanto à ingestão de alimentos saudáveis. O aumento da renda foi um fator de proteção para o consumo inadequado de FLVs na gestação. Houve aumento da retenção de peso pós-parto com a elevação do consumo de gordura saturada nas mulheres estudadas.
Introduction: Healthy food habits during pregnancy prevent postpartum weight retention, which contributes for increasing obesity prevalence among women. Objectives: To study in a cohort of pregnant women: dietary intake and related socioeconomic factors; and the influence of dietary intake on postpartum weight retention. Methods: In this cohort study, 88 pregnant women were interviewed during prenatal appointments in five Primary Units of Public Health and during a domiciliary visit 15 days after delivery, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. For dietary intake evaluation, the 24-Hour Dietary Recall method was performed at the 2nd trimester of gestation. Energy, fruits and vegetables (FV), dietary fiber, added sugar, processed foods and saturated fat consumption and dietary energy density were calculated using food composition tables and adjusted by energy intake when necessary. Dietary intake variables were compared with WHO recommendations. Postpartum weight retention was calculated by the difference between the weight measured at the beginning of gestation and the same measure 15 days after delivery. The influence of socioeconomic variables (per capita familiar income, education, marital status and age) on dietary intake adequacy was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. The association between dietary intake variables (divided in tertiles) and postpartum weight retention was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: More than 30 per cent of the women had inadequate added sugar and saturated fat consumption, 64 per cent didnt reach the minimum FV ingestion and none consumed the minimum recommendation for dietary fiber. Income increases reduced the odds ratio for insufficient FV consumption (p=0,007). The odds ratio for excessive added sugar consumption increased among women who lived with a partner (p=0,011) and who had higher educational levels (p=0,008). Postpartum weight retention was significantly higher with elevated ingestion of saturated fat in the adjusted model (p for trend=0,033). No significant relation was found between weight retention and the other dietary indicators. Conclusion: The dietary pattern of the pregnant women assessed in this study was not entirely adequate with regard to WHO recommendations, mainly because of the lack of healthy food ingestion. Income influenced positively the consumption of FV during gestation. Higher consumption of saturated fat increased postpartum weight retention among the studied women.

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Pequeno, Irina Seneide Carvalho. "Comportamento do consumidor de São Tomé e Príncipe na compra e consumo de alimentos durante a pandemia por COVID-19." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/31077.

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No início de 2020, a crise global que assolou o mundo na forma da pandemia COVID-19 trouxe consequências a nível global em todos os sectores de atividade, e alterações no comportamento dos consumidores, nomeadamente, no consumo de alimentos. Investigações prévias evidenciam vários motivos para o consumo alimentar e distintos fatores influentes no processo de decisão do consumidor na escolha de alimentos, sendo a sensibilidade ao preço e a qualidade percebida dos produtos alimentares algumas das preocupações identificadas em situações de crise. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de conhecer o comportamento dos consumidores Santomenses na compra e consumo de produtos alimentares durante a pandemia por COVID-19. O estudo faz parte de uma investigação transnacional em distintos países. Para tal foi desenhada uma investigação exploratória de natureza quantitativa, tendo os consumidores de São Tomé e Príncipe sido entrevistados através de um questionário online. Após análise e tratamento estatístico dos 74 questionários obtidos, os resultados sugerem, por um lado, alterações no comportamento de compra e consumo e, por outro, fornecem uma base de trabalho muito importante e única numa situação de crise singular, nunca antes estudada. Apesar das limitações do estudo e do facto de ser exploratório, fornece pistas interessantes para pesquisas futuras; Consumer Behavior of São Tomé and Príncipe in food Purchase and Consumption during the Pandemic by COVID - ABSTRACT: At the beginning of 2020, the global crisis that hit the world in the form of the COVID- 19 pandemic brought consequences at a global level in all sectors of activity, and changes in consumer behavior, namely in food consumption. Previous investigations show several reasons for food consumption and different influencing factors in the consumer's decision-making process in choosing foods, with price sensitivity and perceived quality of food products being some of the concerns identified in crisis situations. The objective of this study was to learn about the behavior of Santomean consumers in the purchase and consumption of food products during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is part of a transnational investigation in different countries. To this end, an exploratory investigation of a quantitative nature was designed, with consumers in São Tomé and Príncipe being interviewed through an online questionnaire. After analysis and statistical treatment of the 74 questionnaires obtained, the results suggest, on the one hand, changes in purchasing and consumption behavior and, on the other hand, provide a very important and unique work base in a unique crisis situation, never studied before. Despite the limitations of the study and the fact that it is exploratory, it provides interesting clues for future research

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Bittencourt, Viviane Seda. "Consumo de bens duráveis e poupança em uma nova trajetória de comportamento do consumidor brasileiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8621.

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O trabalho avalia a dinâmica descrita pelo consumo de bens duráveis e poupança dos consumidores brasileiros entre setembro de 2005 e abril de 2011 e contribui com a literatura ao utilizar como ferramenta de análise um modelo autoregressivo com valor limite endógeno e dados qualitativos da pesquisa Sondagem de Expectativas do Consumidor Brasileiro, da FGV. Indicadores qualitativos para essas duas variáveis foram calculados e a metodologia proposta permitiu investigar, simultaneamente, a linearidade e estacionaridade de suas trajetórias. Os resultados sugerem, em ambos os casos, uma dinâmica não-linear com raiz unitária parcial. Adicionalmente, a estacionaridade constatada a partir de um valor limite estimado de 3,3 pontos percentuais para o Indicador de Compras de Bens Duráveis e de 3,6 pontos percentuais para o Indicador de Poupança permitem classificar seus históricos com indícios de saturação da capacidade de poupança e consumo dos indivíduos.
This paper evaluates the dynamics described by the Brazilian consumer’s savings and consumption of durables between September 2005 and April 2011, and contributes to the literature applying qualitative data from FGV Consumer Survey to an endogenous threshold autoregressive model. Qualitative indicators for these two variables were developed and the methodology allowed us to investigate, simultaneously, the stationarity and linearity of their behaviors. The results suggest a non-linear dynamic with partial unit root for these two indicators. In addition, the stationarity observed from an estimated threshold of 3.3 bp for the indicator of purchases of durables and 3.6 bp to the indicator of savings show evidences of saturation of savings and consumption individual capacities.

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Flores, Lucinar Jupir Forner 1980. "Avaliações autonômicas e cardiovasculares em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal nas situações de repouso, em um teste de estresse mental e durante exercício físico." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275029.

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Orientador: José Irineu Gorla
Tese (doutorado) ¿ Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
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Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as respostas autonômicas e cardiovasculares em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal (PLME) praticantes de Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas (RCR) em diferentes situações. A amostra foi composta de dez (10) tetraplégicos do sexo masculino com média de idade de 29,6 ± 6,5 anos. As coletas foram realizadas na UNICAMP, com a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob-protocolo nº 276/2010. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas. A potência aeróbia (PA) foi estimada por um teste máximo de quadra com duração de 12 minutos. A Pressão arterial (PAS) verificada pelo método auscultatório e o registro da variabilidade da PAS (VPAS) através do equipamento Finometer® (Finapress©). Avaliações da VFC foram realizadas com os sujeitos sentados nas cadeiras próprias (repouso, estresse mental e exercício). O Stroop Test foi utilizado como teste de estresse mental (TEM). Para o registro de informações da VFC foi usado o frequencímetro modelo RS800CX-POLAR© e posteriormente foi utilizado o software da Polar© para análise dos dados. Os dados foram apresentados em média±desvio padrão. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software INSTAT®. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significativos para diferenças entre situações de avaliação. O tempo de lesão medular foi de 7,5 ± 4,1 anos. Quanto à massa corporal e estatura dos sujeitos, foi verificada média de 64,5 ± 6,2 kg e 1,75 ± 0,09 m. O índice de massa corporal foi de 21 ± 1,4 kg/m2. Já o percentual de gordura (DXA) foi de 21± 5,4%. O valor médio da distância percorrida no teste de 12 min, para a estimativa da PA foi de 1579,5 ± 439,1 m. O valor médio para a PA estimada correspondeu a 18,03 ± 8,1 ml/kg/min-1. Valores de FC e PAS foram significativamente maiores ao final do teste de 12 min quando comparados aos valores de repouso e recuperação. Resultados de FC ao longo do teste de estresse mental revelaram-se maiores que os valores de FC iniciais do registro. A PAS não apresentou diferenças entre as avaliações de repouso e estresse mental, assim como os valores de VFC não apresentaram diferenças significativas nestas situações. Valores do balanço autonômico da VFC também não apresentaram diferenças quando comparado valores iniciais e no teste de estresse mental (BF, AF e BF/AF). Já em exercício a VFC apresentou diferenças, assim como os valores de BF, AF e BF/AF quando comparado aos valores pré e pós exercício. A VPAS apresentou-se reduzida pós exercício físico, assim como a PASist e o índice de BF quando comparados aos valores pré exercício físico. Estes resultados indicam que a amostra estudada apresenta potência aeróbia dentro da normalidade para esta população. O % de gordura foi menor do que outros estudos com tetraplégicos. Ocorreram alterações durante o exercício físico nos componentes da VFC e VPAS semelhantes aos de outros estudos com tetraplégicos - (repouso x TEM x pós exercício físico). Há indícios de menores prejuízos neste grupo estudado em relação aos danos no controle autonômico da circulação, provavelmente por esta amostra participar de programa de treinamento físico
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the autonomic and the cardiovascular responses in people with spinal cord injury (PLME) the players of Wheelchair Rugby (RCR) in different situations. The sample was composed of ten (10) tetraplegics male. The samples were collected in Campinas, with the approval of the Committee of Ethics in the Research with the protocol 276/2010. In this work was performed anthropometric evaluation. The aerobic power (AP) was estimated by a max court test that didn't exceed 12 minutes. The blood pressure (BP) verified by auscultation and registration of the BP variability (BPV) through an equipment called Finometer® (Finapress©).The evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) were made with the individuals sitting on their chairs (rest, mental stress test and exercise). The Stroop Test was used as a test of mental stress. For recording of information of the HRV was used frequency counter model RS800CX-POLAR© and afterward was used Polar© software for data analysis. The data were expressed as average±standard deviation. To the statistical analysis was performed using the INSTAT® software. p values<0.05 were considered statistically significant differences between the situations of evaluation. The average age of the individuals was 29.6 ± 6.5 years old and the time of spinal cord injury was 7.5± 4.1 years. As for weight and height of them, there was an average of 64.5 ± 6.2 kg and 1.75 ± 0.09 m. The body mass index was 21 ± 1.4 kg/m2. The fat percentage (DXA) was 21 ± 5.4%. Results revealed that the test for 12 min, the distance rode to the PA estimate was 1579.5 ± 439.1 m. It was verified that the estimated value of AP is 18.03 ± 8.1 ml/kg/min-1. The HR and the BP values were significantly higher at the end of the test 12 min when compared to the values of resting and recovery. The results of FC along the mental stress test, proved to be larger than the values of initial HR of the record. The BPV did not show differences between the evaluations of rest and mental stress, as well as the values of HRV were not significantly different in these situations. Values of the autonomic balance of the HRV also showed no differences when compared to initial values and mental stress test (LF, AF e LF/HF). In the exercise the HRV presented discrepancies as well as the heart rate variability showed differences as well as the values of LF, HF e LF/HF when compared to pre and post exercise. The VBP presented the reduced as well as SBP and the values of BF compared before and after exercise. These results indicate that the sample presents aerobic power within the normal range for this population. The percentage of fat was lower than other studies with tetraplegics. Changes during exercise in HRV components and BPV similar to other studies with tetraplegics - (resting x TEM x post exercise). We can still consider that exist evidence of minor damage in relation to damage to the autonomic control of circulation, probably because this sample participate in physical training program
Doutorado
Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude
Doutor em Educação Física

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Grotta, Danilo Cesar Checchio. "Desempenho operacional de semeadora-adubadorae perdas na colheita do milho em sistema de plantio direto/." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105195.

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Resumo: O objetivo buscado com o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi obter informações quanto às melhores alternativas para o sistema de semeadura direta em regiões com características semelhantes às de Jaboticabal/SP, na cultura do milho, em diferentes manejos de culturas de cobertura do solo. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola (LAMMA) da UNESP/Jaboticabal. Avaliou-se o desempenho do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora, o desenvolvimento de um híbrido simples de milho (DKB 390), e as perdas na colheita mecanizada em função de 2 culturas de cobertura crotalária (Crotalária juncea L.) e mucuna preta (Mucuna aterrina L.), manejadas de 3 formas, sendo duas mecânicas (triturador de palhas e rolo-faca) e uma química (herbicida via pulverizador) com a cultura do milho semeada a 5 cm de profundidade e deposição de adubo em 3 profundidades (11, 14 e 17 cm) totalizando 18 tratamentos com 4 repetições com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial. Os resultados evidenciaram que a força de tração na barra foi menor nas profundidades 11 e 14 cm do sulcador de adubo, e o mesmo ocorreu para a força de tração na barra por fileira de semeadura, força de pico na barra de tração, potência na barra de tração, potência na barra por fileira de semeadura, consumos volumétrico e ponderal. O consumo específico foi maior na profundidade de 11 cm do sulcador de adubo. A distribuição longitudinal de plantas não foi influenciada pelos fatores. Os fatores cultura, manejo e profundidade não influenciaram as variáveis, fluxo de grãos, fluxo de material não grão, fluxo total e perdas totais. As perdas totais não foram influenciadas por nenhum dos fatores estudados.
Abstract: The objective sought with the development of the work was to obtain information on the best alternatives to the no-tillage system sowing in regions with similar characteristics to those of Jaboticabal / SP, in the corn crop in different management cultures of soil cover. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Machinery and Agricultural Mechanization (LAMMA) of São Paulo University State. It was evaluated the performance of all tractor-seeder-fertilizer, the development of a simple hybrid maize (DKB 390), and losses in mechanized harvesting crops in function of 2 coverage cultures (Crotalária juncea L.) and black mucuna ( Mucuna aterrina L.), managed in 3 ways, two mechanical (crusher of straw and roll-knife) and a chemical (herbicide spray route) with the corn crop sown to 5 cm deep and deposition of fertilizer in 3 depths ( 11, 14 and 17 cm) totaling 18 treatments with 4 repetitions with design in randomized blocks in factorial plots. The results showed that the force of traction in the bar was lower at depths of 11 to 14 cm stem of fertilizer, and the same occurred for the traction force on the bar by row of sowing, the power peak in the bar of traction, potency on the traction bar, potency on the traction bar by the row of sowing, consumption volumetric and weight. The specific consumption was higher in the depth of 11 cm from steam of fertilizer. The longitudinal distribution of plants was not influenced by factors. The factors culture, management and depth did not influence the variables of grain flow, flow of material non-grain, total flow and total losses. The total losses were not affected by any of the factors studied.
Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani
Coorientador: Rouverson Pereira da Silva
Banca: Alberto Carvalho Filho
Banca: Wilson José Oliveira de Souza
Banca: Afonso Lopes
Banca: Leandro Borges Lemos
Doutor

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47

Fernandes, Nayanny de Sousa. "Uso da tampa interna da colmeia Langstroth na manutenção da homeostase em colônias de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera durante o período de estiagem no semiárido nordestino." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/14124.

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FERNANDES, N. S. Uso da tampa interna da colmeia Langstroth na manutenção da homeostase em colônias de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera durante o período de estiagem no semiárido nordestino. 2013. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.
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The Langstroth hive has its original model in an inner lid, just below the lid which would serve to assist the bees in the nest thermoregulation. In Brazil, the inner cover was removed from the hive components on the grounds that the country is tropical and the inner cover would become unnecessary, but no study has been done in this direction. The present study aims to investigate the role of the inner cover of the hive Langstroth homeostasis of Africanized bee colonies Apis mellifera in the dry season in the Caatinga in Limoeiro Norte-Ceará. The survey was conducted in October and November 2012 at the site of Canafístula Bixopá, District Bixopá, in the city of Limoeiro do Norte, state of Ceará. The experiment consisted of 10 hives without inner cover (T1) and 10 hives with inner cover (T2), in which he recorded temperature and relative humidity in the hives, ventilation (intensity and number of workers fanning), water harvesting (number of collecting bees by time, number of trips per bee, interval between the journeys and time spent for collection), and the consumption of food reserves from the hives of the two treatments. The results showed a significant difference (p <0.05) for temperature and relative humidity in the hives, with averages differing significantly between T1 (32.08 ± 0,27ºC and 53.23 ± 0.62%) and T2 (31.60 ± 0,33ºC and 54.96 ± 0.75%). The intensity data of ventilation, and the number of fanning bees did not differ between T1 (20.65 ± 0.77mm and 0.62 ± 0.14 bees) and T2 (20.27 ± 0.86mm and treatments 0.3 ± 0.06 bees). In collecting water, there was no statistical difference in the times of 11:00, 15:00 and 16:00 in T1 (16.25 ± 2.05, 18.25 ± 2.28 and 14.00 ± 1.35 treatments) and T2 (8.25 ± 1.88, 12.25 ± 0.62 and 9.75 ± 0.75), as well as the time spent collecting water (T1 = 34.86 ± 0.56s and T2 = 37.64 ± 0.63s). The number of trips / bee / day differed between the T1 and T2 only between quartiles I and II (Q1T1: 11.25 ± 4.52; Q2 T1: 35.5 ± 22.22; Q1T2: 4 ± 1.71, Q2 T2: 25.5 ± 15.28), for the Man-Whitney test. In between trips was no statistical difference only in quartiles I, II and IV of T1 treatments (Q1T1: 6 ± 5.13; Q2 T1: 8 ± 7.41 and Q4 T1: 97 ± 23.50 min) and T2 (Q1T2: 5.25 ± 3.94; Q2 T2: 8 ± 6.94 and Q4 T2: 272 ± 82.29 min) for the Man-Whitney test. The average consumption of food supply did not differ between treatments, being in T1 177.7 ± 29.9g and 141.8± 3.8g in T2. We conclude that the inner cover of the hive Langstroth provides that these bees hives achieve better conditions of internal homeostasis of the nest giving off less effort than those of hives without inner cover in conditions of the Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará.
A colmeia Langstroth traz em seu modelo original uma tampa interna, localizada imediatamente abaixo da tampa que serviria para auxiliar as abelhas na termoregulação do ninho. No Brasil, essa tampa interna foi retirada dos componentes da colmeia sob a alegação de que o país é tropical e a tampa interna se tornaria desnecessária, sem que estudos tenham sido conduzidos a esse respeito. O presente estudo se propôs a investigar o papel da tampa interna da colmeia Langstroth na homeostase de colônias de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera no período de estiagem no Semiárido nordestino. O estudo foi realizado nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2012, no Sítio Canafístula do Bixopá, Distrito de Bixopá, município de Limoeiro do Norte-CE. O experimento constou de 10 colmeias sem tampa interna (T1) e 10 colmeias com tampa interna (T2), nas quais se registraram temperatura e umidade relativa no interior das colmeias, a ventilação (intensidade e número de operárias ventilando), coleta de água (número de abelhas coletoras por horário, número de viagens por abelha, intervalo entre as viagens e tempo gasto para coleta), bem como o consumo das reservas de alimento entre as colmeias dos dois tratamentos. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para a temperatura e umidade relativa no interior das colmeias, com as médias diferindo estatisticamente entre T1 (32,08±0,27ºC e 53,23±0,62%) e T2 (31,60±0,33ºC e 54,96±0,75%). Os dados de intensidade de ventilação, e o número de abelhas ventilando não diferiram entre os tratamentos T1 (20,65±0,77 mm e 0,62±0,14 abelhas) e T2 (20,27±0,86 mm e 0,3±0,06 abelhas). Na coleta de água, houve diferença estatística nos horários de 11:00, 15:00 e 16:00, nos tratamentos T1 (16,25±2,05, 18,25±2,28 e 14,00±1,35) e T2 (8,25±1,88, 12,25±0,62 e 9,75±0,75), como também no tempo gasto para a coleta de água (T1=34,86±0,56 s e T2=37,64±0,63 s). O número de viagens/abelha/dia diferiu nos tratamentos T1 e T2 somente entre os quartis I e II (Q1T1: 11,25±4,52; Q2 T1: 35,5±22,22; Q1T2: 4±1,71; Q2 T2: 25,5±15,28), para o teste de Man-Whitney. No intervalo entre viagens houve diferença estatística somente nos quartis I, II e IV dos tratamentos T1 (Q1T1: 6±5,13; Q2 T1: 8±7,41 e Q4 T1: 97±23,50 min) e T2 (Q1T2: 5,25±3,94; Q2 T2: 8±6,94 e Q4 T2: 272±82,29 min) para o teste de Man-Whitney. A média de consumo da reserva de alimento não diferiu entre tratamentos, sendo 177,7±29,9 g em T1 e 141,8±13,8 g em T2. Conclui-se que a tampa interna da colmeia Langstroth propicia que as abelhas dessas colmeias consigam melhores condições de homeostase interna do ninho desprendendo menor esforço que aquelas de colmeias sem tampa interna.

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Grotta, Danilo Cesar Checchio [UNESP]. "Desempenho operacional de semeadora-adubadorae perdas na colheita do milho em sistema de plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105195.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo buscado com o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi obter informações quanto às melhores alternativas para o sistema de semeadura direta em regiões com características semelhantes às de Jaboticabal/SP, na cultura do milho, em diferentes manejos de culturas de cobertura do solo. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola (LAMMA) da UNESP/Jaboticabal. Avaliou-se o desempenho do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora, o desenvolvimento de um híbrido simples de milho (DKB 390), e as perdas na colheita mecanizada em função de 2 culturas de cobertura crotalária (Crotalária juncea L.) e mucuna preta (Mucuna aterrina L.), manejadas de 3 formas, sendo duas mecânicas (triturador de palhas e rolo-faca) e uma química (herbicida via pulverizador) com a cultura do milho semeada a 5 cm de profundidade e deposição de adubo em 3 profundidades (11, 14 e 17 cm) totalizando 18 tratamentos com 4 repetições com delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial. Os resultados evidenciaram que a força de tração na barra foi menor nas profundidades 11 e 14 cm do sulcador de adubo, e o mesmo ocorreu para a força de tração na barra por fileira de semeadura, força de pico na barra de tração, potência na barra de tração, potência na barra por fileira de semeadura, consumos volumétrico e ponderal. O consumo específico foi maior na profundidade de 11 cm do sulcador de adubo. A distribuição longitudinal de plantas não foi influenciada pelos fatores. Os fatores cultura, manejo e profundidade não influenciaram as variáveis, fluxo de grãos, fluxo de material não grão, fluxo total e perdas totais. As perdas totais não foram influenciadas por nenhum dos fatores estudados.
The objective sought with the development of the work was to obtain information on the best alternatives to the no-tillage system sowing in regions with similar characteristics to those of Jaboticabal / SP, in the corn crop in different management cultures of soil cover. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Machinery and Agricultural Mechanization (LAMMA) of São Paulo University State. It was evaluated the performance of all tractor-seeder-fertilizer, the development of a simple hybrid maize (DKB 390), and losses in mechanized harvesting crops in function of 2 coverage cultures (Crotalária juncea L.) and black mucuna ( Mucuna aterrina L.), managed in 3 ways, two mechanical (crusher of straw and roll-knife) and a chemical (herbicide spray route) with the corn crop sown to 5 cm deep and deposition of fertilizer in 3 depths ( 11, 14 and 17 cm) totaling 18 treatments with 4 repetitions with design in randomized blocks in factorial plots. The results showed that the force of traction in the bar was lower at depths of 11 to 14 cm stem of fertilizer, and the same occurred for the traction force on the bar by row of sowing, the power peak in the bar of traction, potency on the traction bar, potency on the traction bar by the row of sowing, consumption volumetric and weight. The specific consumption was higher in the depth of 11 cm from steam of fertilizer. The longitudinal distribution of plants was not influenced by factors. The factors culture, management and depth did not influence the variables of grain flow, flow of material non-grain, total flow and total losses. The total losses were not affected by any of the factors studied.

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Gonzales, Motta Camila Fernanda Stefany. "Promoción de prácticas saludables para mejorar la salud física y mental en la familia Gonzales Motta en el distrito Santiago de Surco durante los meses de agosto- octubre del 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654626.

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Anxiety
Introducción: El distrito de Santiago de Surco pertenece al DIRIS Lima sur, con una población de 344.242 Habitantes. Se registró como principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad las infecciones agudas de vías respiratorias. Actualmente el principal problema de salud identificado es el aumento de mortalidad y morbilidad por el virus Sars CoV 2. Se identificó que no existía una manera adecuada para prevenir el contagio de este virus. Así mismo se identificó la ausencia de prácticas saludables como estilo de vida. Descripción del proyecto: El proyecto tuvo como objetivo general promover prácticas saludables para mejorar la salud física y mental. El total de participantes fueron dos y en un grupo mixto de edades. Así mismo se establecieron objetivos específicos sobre: actividad física, actividades recreacionales, adecuado consumo de agua y protocolos de bioseguridad y desinfección frente al COVID-19. Se realizó la elaboración de sesiones educativas, talleres prácticos y demostrativos, implementación de horarios, cronogramas y afiches, junto a cuestionarios y listas de cotejo para los objetivos propuestos. Resultados: Para las actividades programadas, se logró el 100% de los indicadores de eficacia y cobertura en las sesiones educativas sobre actividades físicas, recreacionales, adecuado consumo de agua y protocolos de bioseguridad frente al COVID-19. De igual manera para los talleres prácticos y demostrativos. Se logró un resultado del 100% en los indicadores de eficacia y utilización, además se cumplió con la duración media preestablecida en todas las actividades del proyecto. Conclusiones: Se logró cumplir con lo propuesto en el objetivo general y objetivos específicos, promoviendo las practicas saludables como: actividad física, consumo de agua, implementación de actividades recreacionales, y reforzando los protocolos de bioseguridad y desinfección frente al COVID-19 en la familia “Gonzales Motta”. Se recomienda para futuras intervenciones tomar en cuenta las limitaciones y características del público objetivo del proyecto.
Introduction: The district of Santiago de Surco belongs to the DIRIS Lima south, with a population of 344,242 inhabitants. Acute respiratory tract infections were recorded as the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently the main health problem identified is the increase in mortality and morbidity due to the Sars CoV 2 virus. In this context, it was identified that there was no adequate way to prevent contagion. of this virus. Likewise, the absence of healthy practices as a lifestyle was identified. Project description: The general objective of the project was to promote healthy practices to improve physical and mental health. The total of participants were two and in a mixed age group. Likewise, specific objectives were established on physical activity, recreational activities, adequate water consumption, and biosafety and disinfection protocols against COVID-19. The development of educational sessions, practical and demonstrative workshops, implementation of schedules, schedules, and posters, along with questionnaires and checklists for the proposed objectives were carried out. Results: For the programmed activities, 100% of the efficacy and coverage indicators were achieved in the educational sessions on physical and recreational activities, adequate water consumption and biosecurity protocols against COVID-19. In the same way for practical and demonstrative workshops. A 100% result was achieved in the efficiency and utilization indicators, and the pre-established average duration was also met in all project activities. Conclusions: It was possible to comply with what was proposed in the general objective and specific objectives, promoting healthy practices such as: physical activity, water consumption, implementation of recreational activities, and reinforcing the biosecurity and disinfection protocols against COVID-19 in the family "Gonzales Motta". It is recommended for future interventions to consider the limitations and characteristics of the project's target audience.
Trabajo de investigación

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Souza, Cristiane Pereira de. "Metabolismo de carboidratos e de lipídeos durante o exercício na intensidade do limiar ventilatório e o período de recuperação de mulheres obesas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1303.

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The inability to oxidize fat is a key factor in the etiology of obesity. However, improved performance and VO2max resulting from physical training leads to increased rates of oxidation of fats. Although, there is still a lack of information about the intensity of exercise can interfere with metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in obese women during a session of exercise and its recovery, because only in an experimental study there is a negative relationship of obesity on the reinstatement of power after a year. Therefore, this study aims to assess the behavior of the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in moderately obese women on a test of acute exercise effects on the intensity of ventilatory threshold and the recovery period, in the stage of pre-and post-training physical. This study had the participation of seven women slightly obese (BMI=4.03 kg/m2), with an average age of 43.0 ± 4.0 years, 163 ± 0.2±33.59 cm and previously sedentary who were submitted to the ergospirometry acute test before and after 16 weeks of training in the intensity of ventilatory threshold. During the test respiratory quotient was evaluated to determine the fats and carbohydrates oxidation during exercise and recovery period. The results found that the volunteers used predominantly the energy that comes from carbohydrates during the session of exercise (67.64% and 69.35% of the total spent provided pre-and post-training, respectively). During recovery the percentage of the fats contribution increase of (46.52% of the total oxidized) to the total energy generated, which discreetly marked with training (53.48% of the total oxidized). Based on the findings was observed that the metabolism of carbohydrates provides the muscle contraction support during the exercise in the intensity of ventilatory threshold and that the recovery period lipid metabolism is the counterpart to repay the body stores energy in obese women.
A inabilidade de oxidar gorduras é um fator chave na etiologia da obesidade. No entanto, a melhoria de performance e do VO2max advinda do treinamento físico leva a um aumento das taxas de oxidação de gorduras. Porém, ainda faltam esclarecimentos sobre como a intensidade do exercício pode interferir no metabolismo de carboidratos e de lipídeos de mulheres obesas durante uma sessão de exercício e a sua recuperação, já que apenas em estudo experimental observa-se a relação negativa da obesidade sobre a reposição da energia após um exercício. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é de verificar o comportamento do metabolismo de carboidratos e de lipídeos de mulheres moderadamente obesas sobre efeito de um teste agudo de exercício na intensidade do limiar ventilatório e o seu período de recuperação, na condição pré e pós-treinamento físico. Para tanto, o estudo contou com a participação de sete mulheres levemente obesas (IMC=33,59 ± 4,03 Kg/m2), com média de idade de 43,0 ± 4,0 anos, 163 ± 0,2 cm e previamente sedentárias que foram submetidas ao teste agudo de ergoespirometria, no inicio e após transcorridas 16 semanas de treinamento na intensidade do limiar ventilatório. Durante o teste foi avaliado o quociente respiratório para determinação da oxidação de gorduras e de carboidratos durante o exercício e o seu período de recuperação. Com base nos resultados obtidos verificou-se que as voluntárias utilizam predominantemente a energia que advém de carboidratos durante a sessão de exercício (67,64 % e 69,35 % do total oxidado na condição pré e pós-treinamento, respectivamente). Durante a recuperação as gorduras aumentam o percentual de contribuição (46,52 % do total oxidado) para o total de energia gerada, condição discretamente acentuada com o treinamento (53,48 % do total oxidado). Com base nos achados acredita-se que o metabolismo de carboidratos oferece suporte para a contração muscular durante o exercício físico na intensidade do limiar ventilatório e que no período de recuperação o metabolismo lipídico faz a contrapartida para reposição dos estoques de energia corporal em mulheres obesas.

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Дисертації з теми "Durable consumption"

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