Дисертації з теми "Durabilité du revêtement"
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Pouteau, Bertrand. "Durabilité mécanique du collage blanc sur noir dans les chaussées." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2138.
Повний текст джерелаFor the last ten years, two new composite pavement structures (whitetopping –i. E. Thin concrete slabs over existing rutted asphalt pavement– and Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement, CRCP, over asphalt sub-base) have raised a significant interest. Based on the association of a concrete layer bonded to an asphalt sub-base, they lead to a reduction of the layers thickness and cost. A long-lasting bond is essential. This work deals with the mechanical study of the bond fatigue lifespan. Firstly, the bibliographical analysis focuses on the way this bond is deteriorated in such structures submitted to traffic. Cracks induced by the restrained shrinkage of the concrete layer can initiate and propagate debonding. Secondly, a mechanical fatigue test simulates this way of deterioration in laboratory. Interface blasting leads to a more lasting bond. A mechanical analysis of the test is also proposed. Thirdly, a non destructive survey method of the bond quality, based on the use of mechanical wave propagation, is developed. Eventually, full scale experiments analysis provide two evolution of bond. The RN4 experiment aims to measure the growth of an initial fracture at the interface between the concrete layer and the asphalt sub-base under real traffic conditions. After 2 years of traffic, no propagation of the fracture is noticed. For the second full scale experiment, a pavement structure model, constituted of thin layers and wide opened cracks, the awaited way of deterioration (delamination initiated from the vertical crack) is observed after 1 million cycles applied by the accelerated pavement loading facility FABAC
Perthue, Anthony. "Vers une amélioration des performances et de la durabilité de cellules photovoltaïques organiques par l'application d'un film composite multifonctionnel." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069015.
Повний текст джерелаPigerre, Jacques. "Contribution au développement d'un dispositif utilisant les ultrasons pour qualifier la durabilité de systèmes de peintures sur support métallique : application aux tôles d'acier galvanisé prélaquées." Antilles-Guyane, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AGUY0078.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous testing procedures have been developed in order to qualify adhesion of organic coatings used for protection of metallic surfaces against corrosion. This work deals with the development of a new test based on ultrasonic solicitation of samples of steel substrates coated with paint films which thickness are lying in a range of 20 to 40 um. The various steps of the design of the experimental equipment and the last improvements are described. The aims of the thesis are the characterisation of mechanical behaviour of the protective film under periodic solicitation in wet medium, the monitoring of the reliability of the manufacturer's process and to try to predict the durability of the manufactured products under tropical conditions. The various experiments point out that water takes an important part during the test. The experimental results collected on the various samples make evidence that mechanical properties depend on the water barrier effect and on the exposure time of the organic coating to the tropical conditions. It is finally demonstrated that the durability of the manufactured products can be related to morphological aspects of the damages types undergone by the samples during the test
Labbe, Fabien. "Carbones revêtus de dioxyde d’étain comme supports cathodiques plus durables dans les piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFCs)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe proton exchange membrane fuel cell’s lifespan is insufficient because of the degradation of carbon used as cathodic catalyst supports. In order to reduce this degradation, a thin tin dioxide coating is synthesized on the surface of different carbonaceous materials (nanotubes, carbon blacks and aerogel). The aim is to combine the morphology and the electric conductivity of the carbon with the thermodynamic stability of the tin dioxide. Carbonaceous materials with different intrinsic properties are chosen for this study to test a wide range of textures and structures. Experimental studies were carried out in order to synthesize a thin, homogeneous and covering tin dioxide coating. The major influences of the texture and structure of carbonaceous materials but also the influence of the pH value on the quantity and quality of the coating are highlighted. It turns out that the mechanism of formation of tin dioxide depends on this pH value. Thanks to the improvement of the interactions between the carbon surface and the reactive species, it was possible, in some cases, to reduce drastically the quantity of precursor. Platinum nanoparticles deposition performed on various materials (raw or coated carbon aerogel) highlights a different platinum behavior. In fact, on the tin dioxide surface, nanoparticles tend to agglomerate together instead of making a homogeneous dispersion. Then, the initial performances and the durability of electrocatalysts tested with two accelerated stress tests (load protocol or start/stop protocol) are evaluated, spotlighting mitigate results
Bernard, Marine. "Durabilité tribologique de revêtements pour applications aéronautiques à haute température." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0006.
Повний текст джерелаIn aeronautics tribology, mechanical parts are required to operate with increasing temperature. The increased functioning temperature of the contacts prone to friction and wear (such as bearings and other structural parts) is a direct consequence of the increasing power of jet engines. In the case of ball bearings, the substrate materials as well as the coating durability are affected by temperature. There is then a pressing need to introduce new coatings demonstrating effective tribological behaviour at high temperature. A PhD research subject was defined in partnership with Airbus Aerospace and SKF Aerospace and conducted at LTDS. The main goal of this research is to study the durability of ball bearings functioning under extreme conditions in terms of temperature and sliding friction. First, SEM/EDX analyses were done on the silver coating deposited in the contact between the ball bearings rings, in order to acknowledge the actual bearings surface damage. Tribological testing of the silver coating was then performed in a standard cylinder-on-flat configuration in order to compare in situ and experimental damages. More than ten different coatings (both soft and hard coatings, with solid lubrication properties and/or wear resistance properties) were then tested in the same configuration and conditions as the silver coating. These tests allowed us to identify the best suitable coatings for the application. An original test rig was also designed in the lab, in order to better simulate the bearings functioning conditions. This tribometer (TRHT) makes it possible to perform tests in ring-on-flat configuration (close contact) and to simultaneously apply a normal force up to 50 kN and a reciprocating rotating motion. Using this tribometer, the final tests were conducted on the best candidates among the different coatings, individually at first to assess their tribological behavior, and then in a configuration as close to reality as possible, with a hard coating covered ring and a soft coating covered flat, the contact between the two being greased or varnished. Finally, several possible solutions were determined, for two different functioning temperatures:160°C (CuNiIn + varnish Everlub / WC-C) and 570°C (stellite + varnish Everlub / TiHfCN)
Heinrich, Lydia Alexandra. "Biosourced Coating Systems for Metallic Substrates." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1004.
Повний текст джерелаMoving away from petroleum and towards biobased materials not only leads to greater sustainability and lower dependence on diminishing fossil resources, but can also catalyse the discovery of new properties. Aliphatic polyesters based on renewable resources have already started to replace traditional products. Within the Sorago project, a fully biobased resin for interior coil coatings has recently been proposed on the market (Estetic® Bio Air, Arcelor Mittal). In order to extend the possible use of the biobased product to exterior applications, an improvement of its resistance to humidity and UV radiation is crucial. This presents two challenges: The limited availability of monomers which provide rigidity in the resin structure and the relationship between the resin composition and its weatherability. Vanillin was chosen as a possible extension to the range of rigid, biobased monomers for polyesterification reactions. The transformation of its aldehyde and its reactivity was studied in terms of catalytic activation and through a series of copolymerisations which revealed the influence of the reaction conditions on the composition of the product. A structure-property relationship concerning the coating glass transition temperature and visco-elastic behaviour of the coating was furthermore established for a series of renewable monomers and contrasted with petroleum based equivalents. Series of prototypes with a wide variety of properties were then subjected to accelerated weathering tests. Their degradation was followed directly by gloss retention and different mechanisms were revealed using FTIR, µ-hardness and film thickness measurements. While the performance of the biobased coating was subpar, no evidence linking its degradation to the presence of renewable monomers was found, suggesting that the creation of a sufficiently durable and renewable exterior coating will be possible
Irigoyen, Maylis. "Durabilité des revêtements organiques anticorrosion : caractérisation de la dégradation." Toulon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUL0013.
Повний текст джерелаJebali, Syrine. "Vers un traitement superhydrophobe, durable et respectueux de l’environnement pour le textile : la solution de la polymérisation plasma." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021MULH4345.
Повний текст джерелаThe textile industry has been interested for long in water-repellency and self-cleaning properties. Deposition of fluorinated compounds with long carbon chains on the surface of textiles is currently the most efficient solution to reach such properties. Because of their harmful effects on health and environment, these chemicals have to be replaced in accordance with REACH specifications. During this PhD work, plasma polymerization process has been chosen as a good candidate to engineer durable, superhydrophobic and eco-friendly surface treatments for textiles. In this context, we successfully demonstrated the possibility to control temporally and spatially plasma polymerization kinetics of a model precursor widely studied at the IS2M, namely maleic anhydride, in an original one-meter long reactor. More than that, the possibility to control the chemical and morphological properties of plasma coatings was particularly addressed. Following a similar experimental methodology, the control of plasma polymerization of an organosilicon precursor, namely hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), was investigated to get eco-friendly superhydrophobic coating. A focus was made on the understanding of thin film resistance to washing by characterizing coating cohesion and adhesion to the textile fiber. Finally, a second fluorine-free precursor was tested as an innovative alternative to HMDSO to engineer eco-friendly superhydrophobic coatings. By a fine tuning of temporal and spatial parameters of the plasma discharge, water-repellency performances of plasma polymer coatings and their durability could be significantly modified, highlighting the interesting approach developed during this PhD work
Cantot, Justine. "Contribution à l’étude de la tenue à l’eau des enrobés : Approche expérimentale multi échelle en laboratoire, d’un système modèle aux mélanges compactés." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0009.
Повний текст джерелаPerformance of asphalts pavement are lowered under mechanical and environmental loadings. Among influent factors, water appears to be one of the major element leading to deterioration of the material cohesion. Numerous test in the world are available to evaluate moisture damage in laboratory. However, most of them show poor correlation with field performances. A fundamental understanding is still needed to predict and prevent its effects.Contrary to wetting, stripping is defined as the shrinkage of the bitumen on aggregate surface. It could be one of the road pavement materials moisture damage mechanisms in presence of water. An experimental method was used to characterize the stripping kinetic using a model bitumen/aggregate interface. Additionally, standardized laboratory tests were carried out on loose and compacted mixes. Experimental procedures vary from one to another regarding conditioning process and mechanical loading types. Advantages and limits of these test methods are exposed. Different moisture damage mechanism have been identified using the acquired knowledge from the stripping evaluation on model system. This work also allow to evaluate the discriminating power of test methods. It allows to select the most relevant one able to evaluate several parameter influences on material durability in presence of water,in particular the chemical additivation of bitumen
Qhach, Thi Hai Yen. "Etude de la durabilité d'un primaire epoxy anticorrosion : rôle de l'interphase polymère/métal et conséquence sur l'adhérence." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647580.
Повний текст джерелаQuach, Thi Hai Yen. "Etude de la durabilité d'un primaire epoxy anticorrosion : rôle de l'interphase polymère/métal et conséquence sur l'adhérence." Toulon, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00647580/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThe organic coatings durability is an important industrial and scientific topic. The life time of an anticorrosion coating depends mainly on its adhesion on the metallic substrate. The aim of this work consists in indentifying the interphase area and understanding its influence on adhesion between an anticorrosion coating and a metallic substrate. We try also to validate experimental parameters for following coating deterioration, as well as the development of corrosion or delamination at the metallic interface during immersion. These protocols may be use to predict the coatings durability. A no filled coating with different stoichiometries and a commercial primer are studied. Both are based on the same polymer binder DGEBA-Polyamidoamide. The anticorrosion coating is formulated with a vinyl terpolymer, ferrous oxide and zinc phosphate as anticorrosion pigments and talc as main filler. Different methods are used to characterize the interphase area in the DGEBA / Polyamidoamine systems applied onto steel: the Fourier Transformed Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR), the Micro Thermal Analysis (µTA) and a method based on deflexion measurements. We have observed differences of behaviour between the properties of the interphase and those of the bulk one. The inherent limits of the characterization by deflexion measurements drive to overestimate the thickness of the interphase. The characterizations by IR and µTA have allowed observing the interphase to a smaller scale. We have then observed by IR a strong presence of amine in an interphase are a which thickness is about 40 µm. This strong concentration of amine is also confirmed by µTA results, that drive to a reduction of Tg from the bulk to the metallic interface. Different samples have suffered a hygrothermal artificial ageing test, which involved modifications of the interphase. Moreover, a study by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is performed in order to characterize evolutions of protection properties. For that, measurements of pore and charge transfer resistances as coating capacitance have been carried out as a function of immersion and hygrothermal ageing times. Their evolutions have shown 3 stages for loss of protection properties, and also the control of phenomena at the metallic interface by barrier properties. Finally, adhesion measurements of the coatings on the metallic substrate complete and confirm previous results. They precise the beneficial effect of the amine on the adhesion and also on the reversibility of that adhesion after drying
Bouchaud, Baptiste. "Electrosynthèse de nouveaux revêtements à base d'élément de terres rares destinés à accroître la durabilité à haute température des matériaux des turbines." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS284.
Повний текст джерелаMerlatti, Céline. "Etude de la dégradation de matrices organiques et des interfaces dans des systèmes de peinture : contribution à la maîtrise de leur durabilité en environnement humain." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0011.
Повний текст джерелаIn the French Navy, organic coating systems are used to protect ships from corrosion. The service life requirements for protection are a long-term durability of 15 years. Today, the protection is insufficiently durable to meet the requirements, involving important maintenance cost. Thus, coating weatherability testing must be carried out to predict coating failures. The goal of this work is to, first, evaluate whether artificial test is reliable and representative of weathering, secondly, define a new reliable artificial test and finally, understand and identify loss of protection controlling factor. Three anticorrosive systems are studied. Each system presents three layers: topcoat – basecoat – primer. The total width is comprised between 200 and 250 μm. All samples are exposed to four different standard artificial weathering tests: a neutral salt spray test (NSS ISO 9227) and three cycles (QUV ASTM G53, ASTM D5894 and ISO 20340. Besides, the same samples are exposed to a natural weathering during four years in three different locations: Bandol, (83, France) classified as a C3 site, Pipady (83, France) and Kure Beach (North Caroline, USA), classified as C5M sites. Both Kure Beach and Pipady permit to expose coatings to high intensity sunlight in a marine atmosphere. After ageing, the rate of chemical and physico-chemical changes in each layer is followed using different characterisation methods (FTIR Microscopy, Pyrolysis – GC/MS, Dynamical Mechanical Analysis, Vickers Microhardness and SEM). Substrate/primer interface properties are studied by destructive method (the corroded area measurement in the scribing area beneath the coating) and non –destructive methods (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Local EIS, surface potential measure). By comparing the kinds of chemical and physico-chemical changes in the different tests, it is possible to assess the validity of the accelerated tests. QUV ASTM G53, ASTM D5894 and ISO 20340 artificial cycles involve chemical processes which differ from those obtained after natural exposure. Here, the temperature is believed to be a key factor to explain such differences. On the bases of these results, a new cycle has been defined, more reliable. The variety of different weathering conditions permits to determine the more severe conditions in terms of degradation. Coating durability is not directly linked to physicochemical evolution that occurs in the coating. In fact, internal stresses developed during both temperature and moisture cycles control the coating performance
De, mesquita lopes Manuela. "Évaluation de la Durabilité des Enrobés Chauds et Tièdes Contenant des Agrégats d’Enrobés." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe recycling of asphalt mixtures manufactured with a warm process meets the requirements of sustainable development: it limits the use of new materials, allows waste management and reduces energy consumption. The recycling of asphalt mixtures dates from the 70's. What has changed since that is the will to sustain high rate recycling, defined here by more than 25% of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). RAP contains a part of bitumen that is recoverable for its viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder. It is thus desired to mobilize this aged binder in the recycling process. One of the suspected problems when coupling recycling and warm process is the phenomenon of double coating that could affect rheological properties of the new material: the RAP binder and the new binder do not would mix completely due to the reduction of processing temperatures and would form superimposed layers. This phenomenon would cause mechanical dysfunctions in the asphalt mixture. This raises the question of the quality of the coating of granular surfaces, previously coated, and lack of characterization tools for in situ observation of the interface. In this thesis work, the quality of coating of RAP by a new binder has been evaluated at the microscopic and macroscopic scales. At the microscopic level, it has been proposed to use infrared micro-spectroscopy tool to evaluate the quality of interface between the RAP and the new binder and to follow the spatial distribution of these two components within mixtures produced in laboratory. To do that, it has been necessary to carry out an important experimental development in order to apply an infrared imaging accessory to complex mixtures that are the bituminous mixtures made of different granular fractions and bituminous binder. It was then possible, based on previous identification of internal tracers, to follow the partial remobilization of RAP aging binder. In parallel, at the macroscopic level, a testing protocol has been developed to evaluate the durability of high rate recycled asphalt mixtures (50% of RAP), including mixes produced in a warm process. The current fatigue test is one of the tests that best evaluate the lifetime of a pavement layer. But this accelerated test is biased because the bitumen of the mixtures tested did not have time to aged, as occurs in the case on a real road. In this work, it was proposed to add an aging step of the material before fatigue test, rutting test, modulus test and moisture damage test. It is assumed that the real behavior of the material would range between that of the unaged material and that of aged material. The main obtained results show that warm mixture asphalt containing high rate of RAP exhibit good mechanical performance, with a trend to be more susceptible to fatigue than a similar hot mixture or a warm mixture without added RAP
Grosso, Stéphane. "Revêtements architecturés de Ti, TiN et TiO élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique au défilé sur des fils en acier inoxydable : relation entre la composition chimique, la microstructure et les propriétés d'usage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI083/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis treats of the functionalization of stainless steel wires with colored Ti-based coatings, grown by PVD with a cylindrical magnetron, their chemical and morpho-structural characterization, and the evaluation of the chemico-mechanical durability of the coated wires.First, the deposition rate and the chemical composition of the films are determined under static conditions. Cathode plasma heterogeneities are demonstrated and related to parameters such as power, pressure and polarization of auxiliary anodes.Then, Ti, TiN and TiOx monolayer coatings are grown continuously. The relationship between the color of TiN and its chemical composition is established and golden color is obtained for stoichiometric films with low oxygen content (<5% at.). Microstructures are studied with TEM-ASTAR and orientation maps are obtained with a nanometric resolution. While TiN coatings are columnar with <111> texture, Ti grains are rather equiaxed and <0001> oriented. With a 650 ° C substrate temperature, substrate elements diffuse into the films which results in Laves phase formation. TiOx is grown in metallic mode, presents interference colors and a composition close to monoxide. TiN coated surfaces display high corrosion resistance similar to 316L stainless steel, unlike Ti and TiOx coated wires. The toughness and the adhesion energy of the coatings are determined by SEM in-situ tensile tests: Ti and TiN are particularly adherent to the substrate in contrast to TiOx.Finally, coatings are architectured with the addition of a titanium interlayer between the substrate and the ceramic coating. Thus, Ti-TiOx film adhesion is greatly superior compared to the TiOx monolayer (5 to 200 J/m2). Finally, microstructural and electrochemical studies show that a key parameter of corrosion resistance is the presence of open porosity in the coatings
Busson, Christophe. "Etude et optimisation de revêtements de collecteurs de courant en aluminium pour électrode positive, en vue d’augmenter les densités d’énergie et de puissance, et la durabilité de batteries lithium-ion." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4103.
Повний текст джерелаPerformance improvement is necessary in order to fulfill our increasing needs in electric mobility. Electrode and electrolyte materials optimization are privileged research directions. Furthermore, current collectors have a key role in the performance and their preservation, associated with electrode delamination, electrical contact resistance and corrosion issues at the current collector/electrode interface. To this end, conductive and protective coatings for aluminum current collectors have been developed. Interactions between a LiFePO4 – PVdF type electrode and current collectors were studied. The electrolyte wettability of this interface appeared to be a major contact resistance contribution, probably due to the formation of the electrochemical double layer. Protection of this interface was achieved through coatings’ material selection. Performance improvements have been observed: contact resistance decrease, higher power and energy densities at high rates and corrosion protection of aluminum substrates in LiTFSI-based electrolyte. It has been demonstrated that the contact resistance with current collectors is one of the major drawback of LiFePO4 electrodes, and an effective coating can allow the suppression of the electrode’s conductive carbon additives whereas performance are preserved
Alvarado, patino Nelson Andrey. "Évaluation des performances thermomécaniques des enrobés bitumineux à fort taux de recyclage : Apport du procédé de régénération Fenixfalt." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаAn experimental programme has been performed on three types of bituminous mixes with variable recycling rates and the possible addition of rejuvenator. The mix composition and the production process have been defined in order to perform a comparative analysis. The coating process modifies the physico-chemical parameters of the binders, like consistency, glassy transition temperature, cristallizable moiety, aromatics and asphaltenes rates; the above variations are limited by using the rejuvenator. As the RAP content increases, the compactibility and the rutting of the mixes decrease and the viscoelastic stiffness increases, but the rejuvenation reduces these variations. Globally, RAP increases the fatigue resistance of the mixes and flattens the Wöhler curve. Rejuvenation enhances ɛ6 fatigue parameter; fatigue performances increase with R&B temperature and colloidal index of the binder and as the viscous component of the mixes decreases. The positive impact of a high rate of RAP and of the rejuvenation on the allowable traffic has been evaluated from the structural design of a threelayered pavement. At low temperature, the deterioration of the tension ductility and of the stress restrained failure temperature produced by the RAP, is limited by the rejuvenation; a compromise with the fatigue resistance has to be found. The rejuvenated mixes laid as surface layers on a provincial road have experienced a smaller evolution that non rejuvenated mixes