Статті в журналах: "DSTCs"

1

Ozbakkloglu, Togay, and Butje Alfonsius Louk Fanggi. "An Experimental Study on Behavior of FRP-HSC-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns under Concentric Compression." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.565.

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This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at The University of Adelaide on FRP-concrete-steel composite columns. The results from eight FRP-concrete-steel double-skin columns (DSTCs) that were tested under constant axial compression are presented. The key parameters examined included diameter, thickness, and strength of inner steel tube. The results of the experimental study indicate that concrete in a DSTC system is confined effectively by FRP and steel tubes. The results also indicate that increasing the inner steel tube diameter leads to an increase in the ultimate axial strength and strain of DSTCs. No clear influence of the strength of inner steel tube is observed on the ultimate condition of concrete in DSTCs. These results are presented together with a discussion on the influence of the key parameters on the compressive behavior of DSTCs.

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2

Zhang, Bing, Xia-Min Hu, Wei Wei, Qian-Biao Zhang, Ning-Yuan Zhang, and Yi-Jie Zhang. "Effect of Cross-Sectional Aspect Ratio on Rectangular FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns under Axial Compression." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (May 27, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1349034.

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Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (hybrid DSTCs) are novel hollow columns consisting of an outer FRP tube, an inner steel tube, and the concrete between the two tubes. Hybrid DSTCs possess important advantages, such as excellent corrosion resistance as well as remarkable seismic resistance. However, existing studies are mainly focused on hybrid DSTCs with a circular cross section or a square cross section. When a column is subjected to different load levels in the two horizontal directions, a rectangular column is preferred as it can provide different bending stiffness and moment capacity around its two axes of symmetry. This paper presents an experimental study on rectangular DSTCs with a particular focus on the effect of the cross-sectional aspect ratio (i.e., the ratio of the breadth to the width of the rectangular cross section). The effect of the cross-sectional shape of the inner steel tube (i.e., both elliptical and rectangular inner steel tubes were used) and the effect of FRP tube thickness were also investigated experimentally. Experimental results show that a larger aspect ratio will have no negative effect on the confinement effect in rectangular DSTCs; a rectangular DSTC with a larger aspect ratio generally has a larger ultimate axial strain and a higher axial stress at the ultimate axial strain; rectangular DSTCs with an elliptical steel tube generally have better performance than corresponding specimens with a rectangular steel tube. An existing model, which was developed based on a model for rectangular FRP-confined concrete columns and a model for circular DSTCs, is verified using the test results of the present study. The model generally provides close predictions for the peak axial stress of the confined concrete but yields conservative predictions for the ultimate axial strain for rectangular DSTCs.

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3

Youssf, Osama, Reza Hassanli, Julie E. Mills, and Yan Zhuge. "Axial Compression Behaviour of Hybrid Double-Skin Tubular Columns Filled with Rubcrete." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3020062.

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Double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs) have become a competitive candidate for column members due to their important advantages compared with conventional reinforced concrete columns, including their better weight-to-strength ratio and ease of construction. Using Rubcrete in hybrid DSTCs is of great interest due to the potential of this system to overcome the Rubcrete material deficiencies and to add more ductility, toughness, seismic resistance, confinement effectiveness, and environmentally-friendly features to that structural system compared to conventional concrete. In this paper, hybrid DSTCs made out of Rubcrete, sandwiched between a fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) tube and a steel tube, were tested. The examined variables were concrete sand or stone replacement ratio (0% and 20%), FRP wall thickness (1- and 2-layers), steel wall thickness (3.2 mm and 4.5 mm), void ratio (50% and 76%), and void shape (circular or square). The axial and lateral stress–strain responses were monitored, measured, and compared. According to this investigation, using Rubcrete in hybrid DSTCs can enhance the axial and hoop strain capacities, especially with fine rubber particles. It was also observed that the adverse influence of using rubber on column ultimate capacity was much lower in DSTC specimens, compared with that of unconfined Rubcrete columns. Therefore, using Rubcrete with fine rubber particles is recommended in DSTC structural columns.

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4

Louk Fanggi, Butje Alfonsius, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Relative Performance of FRP-Concrete-Steel Double Skin Tubular Columns versus Solid and Hollow Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.3.

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This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at the University of Adelaide on FRP-concrete-steel composite columns. The results from twenty specimens including 12 double skin tubular columns (DSTCs), two solid concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs), and six CFFTs with inner voids (H-CFFTs) are presented. The specimens were manufactured using high-strength concrete (HSC) and their FRP tubes were fabricated using unidirectional S-glass fiber sheets. The results of the experimental study indicate that that H-CFFTs perform significantly worse than DSTCs and CFFTs and their performance further degrades with an increase in the diameter of inner void. Comparison of the results from DSTC and CFFT specimens indicate that both hollow and concrete-filled DSTCs exhibit improved compressive behavior compared to CFFTs.

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5

Louk Fanggi, Butje Alfonsius, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Influence of Concrete-Filling Inner Steel Tube on Compressive Behavior of Double-Skin Tubular Columns." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.535.

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This paper reports on a part of an ongoing experimental program at the University of Adelaide on the behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs). Influence of concrete-filling inner steel tube on the compressive behavior of FRP-concrete-steel DSTCs was investigated experimentally through the test of 8 normal-and high-strength concrete DSTCs. The results of the experimental study indicate that concrete-filling inner steel tubes of DSTCs results in a slightly increase in the compressive strength and decrease in the ultimate strain of concrete in DSTCs, compared to companion DSTCs with hollow inner steel tubes. The results also indicate that concrete in both types of DSTCs is confined effectively by FRP and steel tubes.

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6

Louk Fanggi, Butje Alfonsius, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Effect of Loading Pattern on Performance of FRP-HSC-Steel Double Skin Tubular Columns." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.83.

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This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at the University of Adelaide on FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs). The main emphasis of the study reported in this paper was to investigate the influence of loading pattern on the axial compressive behavior of DSTCs. To this end, 12 hollow and concrete-filled DSTCs were manufactured and tested under monotonic or cyclic axial compression. All of the specimens were manufactured using high-strength concrete (HSC). The results of the experimental study indicate that that concrete in cyclically loaded hollow DSTCs exhibits slightly larger strength and strain enhancement ratios than concrete in companion monotonically loaded DSTCs. The results also indicate that concrete in filled DSTCs exhibit slightly larger strength enhancement ratios than and similar strain enhancement ratios to concrete in monotonically loaded DSTCs.

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7

Li, Xue, Lian-guang Wang, Hai-yang Gao, and Ni Zhang. "Experimental investigation on behavior of splicing glass fiber–reinforced polymer-concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns under axial compression." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 6 (January 14, 2022): 1357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211060643.

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Splicing glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP)-concrete–steel double-skin tubular column (DSTC) is to set connection component at the joint of two or more separated GFRP tubes, and then pour concrete in the double-tube interlayer to form a continuous composite member. In this paper, the splicing DSTC composite members based on steel bar connection were designed and tested under axial compression to determine its mechanical performance. The main parameters include the connection steel ratio, the hollow ratio, and the thickness of GFRP tube. The results show that the GFRP tube presents apparent constraint effect on the concrete at about 60% of the ultimate load. The failure of splicing specimen occurred in the non-splicing section at a certain distance from the splice joint, and the stirrups at the splice joint provide effective constraint effect on the internal concrete. The proposed DSTC splicing method based on steel cage connection can satisfy the strength requirements of splice joint. Nevertheless, the increase of axial steel bar ratio cannot improve the bearing capacity of the splicing column, and the steel ratio of 2.44% is suggested for the splice joint of DSTCs under axial compression. The axial bearing capacity of splicing DSTCs significantly increases with the increase of GFRP tube thickness, but the amount of stirrups should be increased properly when a larger tube thickness is used. Two models were selected to calculate the bearing capacity of splicing members and it is found that Yu’s model is more accurate in predicting splicing DSTCs.

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8

Louk Fanggi, Butje Alfonsius, and Togay Ozbakkloglu. "Effect of Inner Steel Tube Cross-Sectional Shape on Compressive Behavior of Square FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.578.

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Recently, a new type of composite system was proposed in the form of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs). The performance of this column system, which consists of an outer tube made of FRP and an inner tube made of steel, has been experimentally investigated in a number of studies. However, apart from a single study reported on square DSTCs, all of the existing studies have been concerned with DSTCs with circular external tubes. This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at the University of Adelaide that was aimed at addressing this research gap. The effect of cross-sectional shape of inner steel tube on compressive behaviour of square DSTCs was investigated through the test of 16 hollow and concrete-filled DSTCs. The result of the experimental study indicate that concrete in hollow DSTCs with circular inner steel tubes develop significantly larger ultimate axial stresses and strains than concrete in companion hollow DSTCs with square inner steel tubes. On the other hand, the results also indicate that the presence of a concrete-filling inside inner steel tubes results in a significant improvement in the behavior of DSTCs with square inner steel tubes.

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9

Louk Fanggi, Butje Alfonsius, and Togay Ozbakkloglu. "Influence of Inner Steel Tube Diameter on Compressive Behavior of Square FRP-HSC-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.688.

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FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs) are a new form composite column system that effectively combines the advantages of the constituent materials. The performance of this column system has been experimentally investigated in a number of recent studies. However, apart from a single study reported on square DSTCs, all of the existing studies have been concerned with DSTCs with circular external tubes. This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at the University of Adelaide on FRP-concrete-steel composite columns. The results from 12 square hollow and concrete-filled DSTCs and six companion hollow concrete-filled FRP tubes (H-CFFTs) that were tested under axial compression are presented. Results of the experimental study indicate that hollow DSTCs with larger inner steel tube diameters develop similar ultimate axial stresses to but significantly larger axial strains than companion DSTCs with smaller inner steel tubes. The results also show that, in concrete-filled DSTCs with similar Ds/ts ratios, an increase in the steel tube diameter leads to an increase in both axial stress and strain of concrete. It was observed that H-CFFTs perform significantly worse than both hollow and filled DSTCs under axial compression, and their behavior further degrades with an increase in the diameter of their inner voids.

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10

Fanggi, Butje Alfonsius Louk, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Influence of Inner Steel Tube Properties on Compressive Behavior of FRP-HSC-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.701.

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This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at The University of Adelaide on FRP-concrete-steel composite columns. A total of eight high-strength concrete double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs) were tested under axial compression. The column parameters examined included the diameter, thickness, and shape of inner steel tube. The results of the experimental study show that increasing the inner steel tube diameter leads to an increase in the ultimate axial stress and strain of concrete in DSTCs. The results also show that increasing inner steel tube thickness leads to an increase in the ultimate axial stress and strain of DSTCs. Furthermore, it is observed that concrete inside DSTCs with square inner steel tubes is not confined as effectively as concrete inside DSTCs with circular inner steel tubes.

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11

Xie, Pan, T. Yu, Y. L. Wong, and J. G. Teng. "Compressive Behavior of Large-Scale Hybrid FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1138.

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Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs) are a new form of hybrid structural members. A hybrid DTSC consists of an inner steel tube, an outer FRP tube and a concrete infill between them. Hybrid DSTCs possess many important advantages over conventional structural members, including their excellent corrosion resistance as well as excellent ductility and seismic resistance. A large amount of research has been conducted on hybrid DSTCs, but the existing experimental studies have been limited to the testing of small-scale columns. This paper presents preliminary results from the first series of large-scale axial compression tests on hybrid DSTCs, which forms part of a larger experimental study currently under way at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. These test results confirm the excellent axial compressive response of hybrid DSTCs as initially expected.

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12

Zhang, Bing, Gui-Sen Feng, Yan-Lei Wang, Cong-Cong Lai, Chen-Chen Wang, and Xia-Min Hu. "Elliptical FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns under Monotonic Axial Compression." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7573848.

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Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (hybrid DSTCs) are a novel form of hollow columns consisting of an outer FRP tube, an inner steel tube, and an annular layer of concrete between the two tubes. Due to the effective confinement of the two tubes, the concrete in hybrid DSTCs is well confined, leading to excellent ductility and strength enhancement. Hybrid DSTCs also have excellent corrosion resistence due to the effective protection of the outer FRP tube. However, existing studies mainly focused on hybrid DSTCs with a circular cross-section. When subjecting to different loads in the two horizontal directions, elliptical columns are preferred as they can provide different bending stiffness and moment capacity around two axes of symmetry without significantly reducing the confining effect of the FRP tube. This paper extends the existing work on circular DSTCs to elliptical DSTCs with a particular focus on four issues: the effect of elliptical aspect ratio (i.e., the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the outer elliptical cross-section), the effect of the FRP tube thickness, the effect of void area ratio (i.e., the ratio of the area of concrete void to the area of the outer elliptical section), and the effect of the cross-section of the inner steel tube (i.e., both rectangular and elliptical steel tubes were used). Experimental results show that, the averaged peak stress of the confined concrete in elliptical DSTCs increases with the increase in the elliptical aspect ratio, whereas the elliptical aspect ratio has no obvious effect on the ultimate axial strain; the cross-section shape of the inner steel tube has significant effect on the axial stress-strain behavior of the confined concrete in elliptical DSTCs; elliptical DSTCs with an elliptical steel tube exhibit much better ductility and strength enhancement than those specimens with a rectangular steel tube. A simple stress-strain model of confined concrete was proposed for elliptical DSTCs to account for the effects of the elliptical aspect ratio, the inner void, and the shape of the inner steel tube, which can provide reasonably accurate but conservative predictions.

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13

Ozbakkaloglu, Togay. "Reflections on Mechanisms Affecting the Behavior of FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns." Key Engineering Materials 705 (August 2016): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.705.323.

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This paper presents the results of 20 hollow and concrete-filled double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs), which were tested as part of a comprehensive experimental program that was undertaken at The University of Adelaide on FRP-concrete steel DSTCs. The paper is aimed at providing important insights into the influence of two key parameters, namely the diameter of inner steel tube and presence/absence of a concrete-filling inside the inner steel tube, which play major roles in the column behavior through their influences on a series of interacting mechanisms that govern the complex system behavior. A detailed examination of the results yielded a number of important insights into the mechanisms that influence the compressive behavior of DSTCs.

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14

Deng, Jun, Yifeng Zheng, Yi Wang, Tonghua Liu, and Hui Li. "Study on Axial Compressive Capacity of FRP-Confined Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes and Its Comparisons with Other Composite Structural Systems." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6272754.

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Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns have been widely used for constructions in recent decades because of their high axial strength. In CFSTs, however, steel tubes are susceptible to degradation due to corrosion, which results in the decrease of axial strength of CFSTs. To further improve the axial strength of CFST columns, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets are applied to warp the CFSTs. This paper presents an experimental study on the axial compressive capacity of CFRP-confined CFSTs and BFRP-confined CFSTs, which verified the analytical model with considering the effect of concrete self-stressing. CFSTs wrapped with FRP exhibited a higher ductile behavior. Wrapping with CFRP and BFRP improves the axial compressive capacity of CFSTs by 61.4% and 17.7%, respectively. Compared with the previous composite structural systems of concrete-filled FRP tubes (CFFTs) and double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs), FRP-confined CFSTs were convenient in reinforcing existing structures because of softness of the FRP sheets. Moreover, axial compressive capacity of CFSTs wrapped with CFRP sheets was higher than CFFTs and DSTCs, while the compressive strength of DSTCs was higher than the retrofitted CFSTs.

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15

Sasy Chan, Yung William, Zhi Zhou, Wanqiu Liu, and Jinping Ou. "OFBG-Based Smart Double-Skin Tubular Confined-Concrete Column with Basalt FRP-Steel Composite." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 3572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163572.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been widely employed to design advanced structural columns such as the hybrid FRP–concrete–steel double-skin tubular column (hybrid DSTC) with potential benefits. To date, the safety and self-monitoring of the hybrid DSTCs are still a challenge to overcome due to the complex damage scenarios. This paper investigates the self-sensing performance of a newly developed smart double-skin tubular confined concrete column (smart BFST-DSTC) made of basalt FRP–steel composite with built-in optical fiber Bragg grating sensors (OFBGs). The design of the smart BFST-DSTC and sensing principle are firstly addressed, followed by an experimental investigation on the basic mechanical properties and strain-based sensing performance of ten scaled specimens under axial compression. The outcomes reveal the enhancement of the proposed column in terms of load-carrying capacity, confinement ratio, and axial stress-axial strain behavior, as well as failure and damage modes when compared with the hybrid DSTC. The self-sensing investigation demonstrates that the measurement range satisfies the requirement to monitor and evaluate the hoop strains of the FRP jackets and the health state of the inner tube. The smart BFST-DSTC can replace the hybrid DSTC with the ability to provide early failure warning and life cycle health monitoring.

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16

Sasy Chan, Yung William, Zhi Zhou, Zhenzhen Wang, and Jinping Ou. "Prior and post peaks compressive behavior of concrete-filled double-skin tubular columns with BFRP-punched-in outer steel and BFRP-circular inner steel." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 13 (June 6, 2020): 2911–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220922491.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been widely used to design fiber-reinforced polymer–based confined concrete columns with potential benefits. However, it is critical to design a column with sufficient post-peak performance that can prevent its collapse at the rupture of the fiber-reinforced polymer tube. This article presents the experimental results on the prior and post peaks behavior of concrete-filled double-skin tubular columns with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP)–punched-in outer steel and BFRP-circular inner steel (BFST-DSTCs). Twenty-two specimens were tested under axial compression to investigate the effects of design parameters on the behavior of the BFST-DSTC. The outcomes reveal that the BFST-DSTC exhibits the best performance in terms of load capacity, confinement ratio, failure and damage mechanisms, and ductility in prior and post peaks. The inner fiber-reinforced polymer jacket delays the buckling of the inner tube. The punched-in patterns of the outer steel improve the confinement effectiveness of the fiber-reinforced polymer jacket. The BFST-DSTC displays a good post-peak performance with high-energy dissipation capacity that prevents the concerned structure from collapse after the fiber-reinforced polymer jacket rupture. Finally, a new confinement model is proposed to predict the ultimate point of the confined concrete.

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17

Zakir, Mohammad, Fayaz A. Sofi, and Siddharth Behera. "Nonlinear finite element analysis of circular stiffened FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs) and experimental compressive behavior of multiple DSTC shapes." Structures 34 (December 2021): 3283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.09.076.

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18

Abu-Hanna, A., and B. Nannings. "Characterizing Decision Support Telemedicine Systems." Methods of Information in Medicine 45, no. 05 (2006): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634113.

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Summary Objectives: Decision Support Telemedicine Systems (DSTS) are at the intersection of two disciplines: telemedicine and clinical decision support systems (CDSS). The objective of this paper is to provide a set of characterizing properties for DSTSs. This characterizing property set (CPS) can be used for typing, classifying and clustering DSTSs. Methods: We performed a systematic keyword-based literature search to identify candidate-characterizing properties. We selected a subset of candidates and refined them by assessing their potential in order to obtain the CPS. Results: The CPS consists of 14 properties, which can be used for the uniform description and typing of applications of DSTSs. The properties are grouped in three categories that we refer to as the problem dimension, process dimension, and system dimension. We provide CPS instantiations for three prototypical applications. Conclusions: The CPS includes important properties for typing DSTSs, focusing on aspects of communication for the telemedicine part and on aspects of decisionmaking for the CDSS part. The CPS provides users with tools for uniformly describing DSTSs.

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19

Pinheiro Filho, Tadeu Rodriguez de Carvalho, José Cláudio Borges da Silva Filho, Emilcy Rebouças Gonçalves, Amanda Maria Menezes Dantas, and Silvia Bomfim Hyppólito. "Análise do conhecimento sobre DSTs e planejamento familiar entre deficientes auditivos e ouvintes de uma escola pública de Fortaleza." Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial 16, no. 1 (April 2010): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-65382010000100011.

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Segundo a OMS, havia cerca de 278 milhões de deficientes auditivos no mundo, em 2005. A maioria deles não tem acesso a serviços de educação em saúde sexual, o que os tornam bastante vulneráveis a ocorrência de gravidez precoce e infecção por Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DSTs)/AIDS. Objetivou-se analisar comparativamente o conhecimento de estudantes, com ou sem alguma deficiência auditiva, de uma escola pública, sobre planejamento familiar e DSTs. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e comparativo em que 149 estudantes de uma escola pública foram divididos em 2 grupos: 98 ouvintes e 51 não-ouvintes. Foi então aplicado um questionário com indagações sobre planejamento familiar e DSTs. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa EPI INFO, considerando p válido quando < 0,05. RESULTADOS: 50,00% dos não-ouvintes referiram existir cura para AIDS contra 25,30% dos ouvintes; 92,90% dos ouvintes relataram que uso de preservativo protege contra AIDS/DST's, contra 43,10% dos não ouvintes. A maioria dos ouvintes, 97,90%, afirmou que procuraria um serviço de saúde caso alguma lesão típica de DSTs se manifestasse, contra 47,10% dos não-ouvintes. Os dados apresentados inferem que há uma carência de informação acerca destes temas entre a população jovem com deficiência auditiva.

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20

Aravelli, Aparna, Dwayne McDaniel, Anthony Abrahao, Amer Awwad, and Clarice Davila. "Measurement and Modeling of Nuclear Waste in the Double Shell Tanks at Hanford Nuclear Waste Site Using Miniature Sensors." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-thp13.

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Abstract Double Shell Tanks (DST's) at the Hanford Site in Washington store nuclear waste and require an understanding of tank integrity. Depending on the chemical composition and pH of the waste, certain temperature requirements are specified. However, the DST's are complex tanks and the methods used to find the temperature data, chemical composition, and other parameters provide results that are often uncertain. Temperature measurements are usually recorded more than 10 feet away from the walls primarily because of technical constraints. Results are fed into basic simulation models to get an estimation of the wall conditions. Hence, there exists a need to accurately measure and model the wall and inside temperatures. To resolve the issue, the authors attempt the use of a miniature pyrometer (Infrared (IR) temperature sensor) to be deployed into the annulus of the DST's. The IR sensor can be mounted on an annulus inspection camera or an ultrasonic testing crawler for temperature measurement of the outer wall for the DSTs. Further, advanced heat transfer based thermal models are developed using the software Solid works 2013 (simulation application) for accurate prediction of the nuclear waste temperatures in the tanks. Successful implementation of the pilot scale testing would result in the deployment of the technology for testing the nuclear waste storage tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington.

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21

Oliveira, Joseane Maria Soares de, and Aldrina Da Silva Confessor Cândido. "Conhecimento dos Idosos sobre as Medidasde Prevenção das DST’S." Id on Line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA 10, no. 31 (November 2, 2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v10i31.554.

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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo discutir o conhecimento dos idosos frente às medidas de prevenção das DST’S, pautado em uma pesquisa qualitativa, com aplicação de questionário a um grupo de seis idosos cadastrados em um centro de convivência, destes a maioria foram do sexo feminino, todas entre 60 e 79 anos, viúvas; todos os entrevistados sabiam o que é uma DST e com preveni-la. Destes quatro depois dos 60 anos de idade fizeram uso de método preventivo, mas atualmente apenas dois fazem disso rotina. Dois não conheciam serviço de saúde que tratassem sobre as DSTs, no entanto, todos já receberam orientação a respeito do tema, seja no centro de convivência, em instituições de saúde e/ou pela mídia, dando destaque para tais ações informativas como algo essencial, pois a população idosa está cada vez maior e as informações devem ser suficientes para amparar tal demanda.

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Henriques, Maria Emília Romero de Miranda, and Édija Anália Rodrigues de Lima. "Mulheres expostas ao HIV/AIDS: promovendo qualidade de vida na atenção básica." Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v11i4.33251.

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Um dos objetivos específicos do Programa de Assistência Integral a Saúde da Mulher é a ampliação e qualificação clínico-ginecológica, inclusive para cuidar das portadoras de infecção pelo HIV e outras DST’s, por meio de estratégias que favoreçam o fortalecimento da atenção básica. Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a opinião de mulheres, assistidas pelo PSF e CTA do município de Bayeux-PB, quanto às orientações fornecidas por profissionais de saúde em relação ao HIV/AIDS. Estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em 2006, que contou com a participação de 22 mulheres. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e apresentados em quadros. Identificou-se que as mulheres tinham faixa etária variando entre 19 e 60 anos, e 82% referiram ter o primeiro grau incompleto. De acordo com os discursos pode-se evidenciar que não está havendo continuidades nos trabalhos de orientação sobre DSTs/AIDS na atenção básica; Houve satisfação quanto as orientações obtidas no CTA; Identificou-se impedimentos para o uso do preservativo. Acredita-se que elas necessitam de assistência em espaços educativos. Todavia para que haja mudança nas práticas assistenciais dos profissionais, é primordial o envolvimento da equipe gestora.

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23

Kim, Junyeong, Sunjae Yoon, Dahyun Kim, and Chang D. Yoo. "Structured Co-reference Graph Attention for Video-grounded Dialogue." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i2.16273.

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A video-grounded dialogue system referred to as the Structured Co-reference Graph Attention (SCGA) is presented for decoding the answer sequence to a question regarding a given video while keeping track of the dialogue context. Although recent efforts have made great strides in improving the quality of the response, performance is still far from satisfactory. The two main challenging issues are as follows: (1) how to deduce co-reference among multiple modalities and (2) how to reason on the rich underlying semantic structure of video with complex spatial and temporal dynamics. To this end, SCGA is based on (1) Structured Co-reference Resolver that performs dereferencing via building a structured graph over multiple modalities, (2) Spatio-temporal Video Reasoner that captures local-to-global dynamics of video via gradually neighboring graph attention. SCGA makes use of pointer network to dynamically replicate parts of the question for decoding the answer sequence. The validity of the proposed SCGA is demonstrated on AVSD@DSTC7 and AVSD@DSTC8 datasets, a challenging video-grounded dialogue benchmarks, and TVQA dataset, a large-scale videoQA benchmark. Our empirical results show that SCGA outperforms other state-of-the-art dialogue systems on both benchmarks, while extensive ablation study and qualitative analysis reveal performance gain and improved interpretability.

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24

Patil, Kaustubh, Soheil Rashidi, Hui Wang, and Wei Wei. "Recent Progress of Graphene-Based Photoelectrode Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (March 26, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1812879.

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Graphite with a single atomic layer known as graphene shows great capability in energy conversion and storage devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted intense interests due to offering high photo-to-electric conversion efficiencies. DSSCs are built from a photoelectrode (a dye-sensitized nanocrystalline semiconductor), an electrolyte with redox couples, and a counterelectrode. In this review article, we outline the strategies to enhance the efficiency and reduce the cost by introducing graphene into the DSSCs as the photoelectrode. First, the development of DSSCs and the properties of graphene are briefly described. Then, the applications of graphene-based materials for photoelectrodes (transparent electrode, semiconductor layer, and dye sensitizer) in DSSCs are deeply discussed. Finally, an outlook for graphene materials in DSSCs is provided.

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Kim, Ji-Hye, Sung-Yoon Park, Dong-Hyuk Lim, So-Young Lim, Jonghoon Choi, and Hyung-Jun Koo. "Eco-Friendly Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Water-Electrolytes and Chlorophyll." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092150.

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Organic solvents used for electrolytes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are generally not only toxic and explosive but also prone to leakage due to volatility and low surface tension. The representative dyes of DSSCs are ruthenium-complex molecules, which are expensive and require a complicated synthesis process. In this paper, the eco-friendly DSSCs were presented based on water-based electrolytes and a commercially available organic dye. The effect of aging time after the device fabrication and the electrolyte composition on the photovoltaic performance of the eco-friendly DSSCs were investigated. Plasma treatment of TiO2 was adopted to improve the dye adsorption as well as the wettability of the water-based electrolytes on TiO2. It turned out that the plasma treatment was an effective way of improving the photovoltaic performance of the eco-friendly DSSCs by increasing the efficiency by 3.4 times. For more eco-friendly DSSCs, the organic-synthetic dye was replaced by chlorophyll extracted from spinach. With the plasma treatment, the efficiency of the eco-friendly DSSCs based on water-electrolytes and chlorophyll was comparable to those of the previously reported chlorophyll-based DSSCs with non-aqueous electrolytes.

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26

Kim and Han. "A Quantification Procedure for Interior Performance of Architectural Openings Associated with Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 6461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226461.

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Windows with various colors are important design elements used widely ranging from traditional architecture to contemporary buildings to express the architectural façade, the interior atmosphere, and so on. Recently, there is a possibility that solar cells can be used to replace windows with various colors. In particular, attempts to manufacture windows using Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are actively underway. Accordingly, there is a need to determine physical and environmental performances of DSSCs. This study attempted a methodological approach to evaluate indoor environmental performance of windows and DSSCs. The concept of color gamut overage normally used in the field of displays was utilized to evaluate color expressions. In addition, a standard visual inspection table suggested by the International Ophthalmological Society was used to evaluate the recognition of shapes. This study compared performances between RGB color windows and DSSCs using the two above previous concepts. Measurement data showed that most DSSCs performed poorly in comparison with architectural color windows. However, some DSSCs showed good enough performances that could be used as alternatives of architectural color windows. Green DSSCs with VLT 18% had a color gamut similar to clear glasses. Blue DSSCs with VLT 18% were found to have similar or better shape recognition than current architectural color windows. Based on these results, limitations of DSSCs as alternatives of architectural color windows and their future development directions are suggested.

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Maharjan, Arbin. "Comparative Study of Characteristics of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated Using Substrates Coated with Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide and Titanium." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32184.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted many researchers because it has potential to supplement and compete with other solar cell technologies like Silicon (Si) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe). The fabrication of DSSCs requires a photo electrode and a counter electrode of transparent and conducting nature. The commercial DSSCs uses electrodes of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates. These electrodes are expensive and hence, possible alternative materials that are cheaper and that would provide better performance under similar environmental condition should be explored. In this paper, titanium (Ti)-coated glass substrates were prepared and then used to prepare electrodes for fabricating DSSCs. Similarly, DSSCs were fabricated using electrodes of conventional FTO-coated glass substrates. Performance characteristics like cell efficiency (η%), fill-factor (FF), short circuit current density (JSC) and open circuit voltage (VOC) of both fabricated DSSCs were obtained using their respective J-V characteristic curves under similar illumination of 100 mW/cm2 and with comparable transmittance under the visible transmission spectrum of 300-850 nm. The obtained results showed that DSSCs prepared using electrodes of FTO coated glass substrates have 1.557 times better cell efficiency and 2.172 times better fill factor than that of DSSCs fabricated using electrodes of Ti-coated glass substrates.

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28

Márquez, Juan Camilo, Catalina De Valencia, Sandra Milena Ramírez, and Mario Uribe Vargas. "Degeneración subaguda combinada secundaria a infección crónica por Helicobacter pylori. Reporte de caso." Universitas Médica 55, no. 4 (July 31, 2014): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.umed55-4.dscs.

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La degeneración subaguda combinada es una patología poco frecuente. El diagnóstico se establece correlacionando el cuadro clínico, los resultados de laboratorio y los hallazgos en la resonancia magnética. Se presenta el caso de una mujer con síntomas neurológicos característicos de mielopatía con nivel sensitivo C5, con imágenes de resonancia magnética cervical que revelan una afectación desmielinizante exclusivamente en los cordones posteriores de la médula espinal. Clínicamente se documentó anemia, gastritis crónica e infección por Helicobacter pylori, además de déficit paraclínico de cianocobalamina.

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29

Fatiatun, Fatiatun, Suryani Abu Bakar, Putut Marwoto, Kusnanto Mukti Wibowo, Muqoyyanah Muqoyyanah, and Firdaus Firdaus. "Effects of Various Semiconducting Oxides as Photoanode and Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application - A Review." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 10, no. 2 (October 9, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v10i2.35195.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) merupakan teknologi alternatif fotovoltaik yang menguntungkan. DSSCs menunjukkan harga yang murah, efisiensi yang tinggi dan proses pembuatan yang sederhana. Dalam aplikasi DSSCs, fotoanoda memiliki peranan yang penting untuk mengumpulkan elektron-elektron yang tereksitasi dan dye berfungsi untuk menyalurkan cahaya elektron-elektron ke transparent conducting film (TCF). Fotoanoda mempunyai band gap yang lebar pada semikonduktor logam oksida (contoh: zinc oxide (ZnO) dan titanium dioxide (TiO2)) yang dilapiskan pada TCF. Counter electrode (CE) adalah salah satu komponen yang penting dalam proses kerja DSSCs. CE digunakan sebagai mediator untuk membangkitkan sensitizer setelah masuknya elektron. Bahan CE yang ideal harus mempunyai resistansi yang rendah, biaya produksi yang murah, konduktivitas listrik yang tinggi, aktivitas elektrokatalitik yang bagus dan stabilitas yang tinggi. Bahan-bahan CE yang umum digunakan untuk aplikasi DSSCs yaitu seperti platina (Pt), karbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), grafin dan polimer konduktif. Review ini dikembangkan untuk mempelajari sifat-sifat bahan fotoanoda dan CE yang bagus untuk aplikasi DSSCs. Review ini juga digunakan untuk memberikan informasi untuk perkembangan bahan-bahan fotoanoda dan CE pada penelitian selanjutnya dalam aplikasi DSSCs. Dalam review ini, pengaruh bahan-bahan yang digunakan untuk fotoanoda dan CE dalam aplikasi DSSCs didiskusikan.

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Wang, D. T., G. S. Zhou, J. W. Li, Y. C. Dua, and X. X. Zhang. "Recent Progress of Zn₂SnO₄-Based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.793.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted extensive attention owning to their simple preparation prcess, low cost, and relatively high energy conversion efficiency. At present, most researches are focused on TiO2-based DSSC and high powder conversion efficiency of over 12.3% has been obtained. As a potential candidate, Zn2SnO4has drawn increasing attention for DSSCs due to its attractive electrical and optical properties (Eg = 3.6 eV, electron mobility of 10–15 cm2V-1s-1). In this article, we maily reviewed the recent progress of Zn2SnO4-based DSSCs and put forward ideas for designing new Zn2SnO4materials in future application for DSSCs.

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31

Qu, Jie, and Chao Lai. "One-DimensionalTiO2Nanostructures as Photoanodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/762730.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is star materials due to its remarkable optical and electronic properties, resulting in various applications, especially in the fields of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Photoanode is the most important part of the DSSCs, which help to adsorb dye molecules and transport the injected electrons. The size, structure, and morphology of TiO2photoanode have been found to show significant influence on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. In this paper, we briefly summarize the synthesis and properties of one-dimensional (1D) TiO2nanomaterials (bare 1D TiO2nanomaterial and 1D hierarchical TiO2) and their photovoltaic performance in DSSCs.

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32

Ariyasinghe, D. M. B. P., H. M. N. Bandara, R. M. G. Rajapakse, K. Murakami, and M. Shimomura. "Improved Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using a Diethyldithiocarbamate-Modified Surface." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/258581.

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The surface modification of a TiO2electrode with diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was studied. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that over half of the sulfur atoms become positively charged after the DEDTC treatment of the TiO2surface. DSSCs were fabricated with TiO2electrodes modified by adsorbing DEDTC using a simple dip-coating process. The conversion efficiency of the DSSCs has been optimized to 6.6% through the enhancement of the short-circuit current density ( mA/cm2). This is substantially higher compared to the efficiency of 5.9% ( mA/cm2) for the DSSCs made with untreated TiO2electrodes.

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Lee, Kang-Hun, Seung-Hee Han, Ana Chuquer, Hwa-Young Yang, Jaehi Kim, Xuan-Hung Pham, Won-Ju Yun, Bong-Hyun Jun, and Won-Yeop Rho. "Effect of Au Nanoparticles and Scattering Layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Freestanding TiO2 Nanotube Arrays." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020328.

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The development of high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has received tremendous attention. Many researchers have introduced new materials for use in DSSCs to achieve high efficiency. In this study, the change in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs was investigated by introducing two types of materials—Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and a scattering layer. A DSSC fabricated without neither Au NPs nor a scattering layer achieved a PCE of 5.85%. The PCE of a DSSC based on freestanding TiO2 nanotube arrays (f-TNTAs) with Au NPs was 6.50% due to better electron generation because the plasmonic absorption band of Au NPs is 530 nm, which matches the dye absorbance. Thus, more electrons were generated at 530 nm, which affected the PCE of the DSSC. The PCE of DSSCs based on f-TNTAs with a scattering layer was 6.61% due to better light harvesting by scattering. The scattering layer reflects all wavelengths of light that improve the light harvesting in the active layer in DSSCs. Finally, the PCE of DSSCs based on the f-TNTAs with Au NPs and a scattering layer was 7.12% due to the synergy of better electron generation and light harvesting by plasmonics and scattering. The application of Au NPs and a scattering layer is a promising research area for DSSCs as they can increase the electron generation and light harvesting ability.

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Yun, Sining, Yanfang Liu, Taihong Zhang, and Shahzada Ahmad. "Recent advances in alternative counter electrode materials for Co-mediated dye-sensitized solar cells." Nanoscale 7, no. 28 (2015): 11877–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr02433a.

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Thomas, Ankit Stephen. "High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review." Computational And Experimental Research In Materials And Renewable Energy 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/cerimre.v5i1.31475.

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Keeping in mind our community's dependency on non-renewable sources of energy, it is a gravitating issue that seeks our attention and requires us to switch to renewable sources of energy at the earliest. A Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a third-generation photovoltaic technology that has immense capability to become highly commercial in a few years. Along the same lines, it is necessary to highlight that current DSSCs have shallow lifetime values, stability and performance. The efficiency of current DSSCs and the need to tackle their choice of materials and long-term stability is a concern. Some of the highest recorded efficiency values are around 12%, and this calls for severe replacement of conventional DSSC materials, modifications in the device structure and molecules, and improvement in testing and scaling-up measures. This review article underlines an introduction to DSSCs, working principle, components, high-efficiency DSSCs, strategies to improve device performance, DSSCs research in India, the advantages and disadvantages of the device, and recent research on fruit and flower-based DSSCs. Keywords: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Solar Cell Materials, Third Generation Photovoltaics, High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Solar Cells.

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Yang, Na, Chiemi Oka, Seiichi Hata, and Junpei Sakurai. "Fabrication of textured substrates for dye-sensitized solar cells using polydimethylsiloxane nanoimprint lithography." Advanced Optical Technologies 8, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2019-0010.

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Abstract We proposed a fabrication of nanoimprinted textures on a front glass/transparent conductive oxide interface for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These textures were fabricated through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanoimprint lithography on organosilsesquioxane solution. The texture structures were estimated via optical simulation. Master molds were anodic aluminum oxide templates with nano-texture (N-Tx) and micro-nano double texture (D-Tx). Meanwhile, replicate molds used a hard PDMS. Fluorine-doped tin oxide and titanium dioxide were deposited on textured glass substrates to generate electrodes for DSSCs. Unlike the DSSCs without texture, textured DSSCs realized 11.4% (N-Tx) and 10% (D-Tx) improvement in conversion efficiency.

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Zhang, Weiwei, Yongzhen Wu, Hee Won Bahng, Yiming Cao, Chenyi Yi, Yasemin Saygili, Jingshan Luo, et al. "Comprehensive control of voltage loss enables 11.7% efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 11, no. 7 (2018): 1779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00661j.

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Cheng, Fan, Ying Ou, Guoliang Liu, Li Zhao, Binghai Dong, Shimin Wang, and Sheng Wen. "Novel Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes based on Electrospun Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Fiber Membranes for Highly Efficient and Stable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050783.

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To obtain new highly efficient and stable quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells (QS-DSSCs) that can meet the requirements for the large-scale commercial application of solar cells, we have developed a novel quasi-solid-state electrolyte, based on an electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The structure and properties of electrospun PVDF membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric (TG), and mechanical testing. The results indicate that the electrospun PVDF membrane has a three-dimensional network structure with extremely high porosity, which not only acts as a barrier to prevent electrolyte leakage but also provides a channel for the transmission of ions in the electrolyte, thereby effectively guaranteeing the high photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells. The membrane was observed to withstand the conditions of hot-press (110 °C), and exhibited good thermal stability and mechanical strength, which are critical for the long-term stability and safety of the cells. The photovoltaic characteristics and stabilities of QS-DSSCs were compared with DSSCs based on an ionic liquid electrolyte (L-DSSC). QS-DSSCs with an 80 μm thick nanofiber electrolyte membrane showed a conversion efficiency of 8.63%, whereas an identical cell based on the corresponding ionic liquid electrolyte showed an efficiency of 9.30%. The stability test showed that, under indoor and outdoor conditions, after 390 h, the L-DSSCs failed. Meanwhile, the QS-DSSCs also maintained 84% and 77% of the original efficiency. The results show that, compared to the liquid electrolyte, the design of the quasi-solid electrolytes based on electrospun PVDF nanofiber membrane not only demonstrates the high conversion efficiency of DSSCs but also enhances the stability of the DSSCs, which provides the possibility for the fabrication of solar cells with higher efficiency and stability.

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Roy, Arnab Nilanjan, and Amruth V S. "Review on Implementation of Dye-sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44870.

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Abstract: Solar cells give better power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to conventional solar cells made of Silicon in terms of low materials and manufacturing costs. Materials required for the manufacturing of DSSCs such as titanium oxide are inexpensive, abundant and environmentally friendly. DSSC materials are contamination resistant and processable at room temperature, a roll-to-roll process can be used to print DSSCs in a mass production facility. DSSCs have been found to perform better under low light conditions and so they are a great choice for indoor applications, especially in powering of low powered objects such as IoT devices. A lot of work has also been done to make coloured and semi-transparent thin film DSSCs to use indoors and in window modules and enhance their aesthetic values. This review is a report about some selected works done in manufacturing of DSSCs, especially the transparent cells and their integration in buildings, both outdoors and indoor [1].

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Radloff, G. H. C., F. M. Naba, D. B. Ocran-Sarsah, M. E. Bennett, K. M. Sterzinger, A. T. Armstrong, O. Layne, and M. B. Dawadi. "Fabrication and characterization of highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with composited dyes." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 2 (April 2022): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.172.457.

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As a representative of the next-generation solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer the efficient and ease of implementation of new technology for future energy supply. Herein, four commercially available dyes including, curcumin (C), betanin (B), crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB), and their compositions were used as sensitizers for fabrication of titanium oxide photo-anode based DSSCs. All dyes were fully characterized using absorption and emission spectroscopy. Both DFT and TDDFT studies were also carried out to probe the electronic structure of these dyes. The power conversion efficiencies of each DSSCs prepared using the individual and composited dyes were measured and compared. Particularly, this is the first study to combine four different dyes for DSSCs, leading to a remarkable increase of power conversion efficiency. The DSSCs with combined curcumin, betanin, crystal violet, and methylene blue (in ratio 1:1:1:1 respectively) in ethanol exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 3.63%.

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Idris, Yunita, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Flexural Behavior of Hybrid Double-Skin-Tubular Beams." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.525.

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This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at The University of Adelaide on the flexural behavior of FRP-high-strength concrete (HSC)-steel double-skin tubular beams (DSTBs). The results from three circular DSTBs that were tested as simply supported beams in a four-point bending setup under monotonic loading are presented. The experimental study investigated the influences of the inner steel tube diameter and the use of mechanical connectors on the steel tube on the flexural behavior of DSTBs. The results indicate that DSTBs are capable of developing very high inelastic flexural deformations. However, the results also indicate that slip between the concrete and the steel tube of the DSTB can be relatively large, unless the bond between concrete and steel tube is enhanced through the use of mechanical connectors. It was also observed that the flexural behavior of DSTBs is influenced significantly by the diameter and thickness of the inner steel tube.

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Al-Marzouki, F. M., S. Abdalla, and S. Al-Ameer. "Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Low Cost Carbon Nanotubes Electrodes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4928710.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are very sensitive to electrodes, due to either high cost or easy corrosion problems. To minimize these factors, we present DSSCs with cheap carbon nanotubes as counter electrodes. In addition, we suggest replacing the electrolyte (in typical DSSCs) with a solid film of powdered CsSnI3. The electrical behavior (I-Vcharacteristics) of the proposed device has been measured for different shading conditions. In the light of a theoretical model based on the presence of two diodes, the experimental data have been explained, taking into account a new equivalent circuit for the DSSC. These DSSCs may receive different levels of sun radiation, which stimulates the study of partial shading; so, we have studied the effect of different shadow rates on the solar conversion efficiency of a unit of 4-W-connected DSSCs. The validity of the present model has been examined by fitting it intoI-Vcharacteristics at different shading rates.

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Ueno, Shintaro, and Shinobu Fujihara. "Influence of Sintering Behavior of ZnO Nanoparticles on J–V Characteristics of ZnO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.117.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one of the promising photovoltaic devices because of their lower manufacturing cost and higher energy conversion efficiency. Wide-gap, porous semiconducting metal oxides are generally used as electrode materials of DSSCs. Previously we utilized ZnO as DSSC electrodes and achieved a high conversion efficiency of 6.58% by improving the structure of ZnO films. However, open-circuit voltage (VOC), one of the factors to determine the performance of DSSCs, was still at a lower level (≈ 0.60 V) than that of common TiO2-based cells. We believe that the lower VOC is due mainly to the occurrence of recombination. In this work, we tried to enhance VOC by controlling the heating process of electrodes and suppressing the recombination for further development of ZnO-based DSSCs. As a result, we have achieved a higher VOC of 0.725 V, confirming that the sintering behavior (grain growth and/or necking of grains) influenced largely the characteristics of DSSCs.

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Qin, Yuancheng, and Qiang Peng. "Ruthenium Sensitizers and Their Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/291579.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the possibility of low-cost conversion of photovoltaic energy. The DSSCs-based ruthenium complexes as sensitizers show high efficiency and excellent stability, implying potential practical applications. This review focuses on recent advances in design and preparation of efficient ruthenium sensitizers and their applications in DSSCs, including thiocyanate ruthenium sensitizers and thiocyanate-free ruthenium sensitizers.

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Gao, Qian Qian, Song Wang Yang, and Lei Lei. "Novel Post-Treatment Process by La³⁺ Modification to TiO₂ Photoanode with Enhanced Performance for DSSCs." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.219.

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Photoanodes are critical parts of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are composited of TCO (transparent conductive oxide) glasses and nanocrystalline semiconductor film deposited on them. Post-treatment of porous TiO2 film after sintering for the first time was important for the enhancement of the performance of DSSCs. A novel method to modify the surface of TiO2 film was investigated in our work. Photoanodes of DSSCs were treated with the isopropanol solution containing 0.05mol/L La (NO3)3. After the post-treatment, there was an obvious increase of the overall performance of DSSCs. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 9.33%, with a raise of 3.3%, compared with the traditional TiCl4 thermal treating method at 70°C for 40min.

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Gondane, Vivekanand, and Parag Bhargava. "Acetylacetone: a promising electrolyte solvent for dye sensitized solar cells." RSC Advances 6, no. 43 (2016): 37167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03329f.

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López-Covarrubias, Jesse Gerardo, Laura Soto-Muñoz, Ana Leticia Iglesias, and Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez. "Electrospun Nanofibers Applied to Dye Solar Sensitive Cells: A Review." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2019): 3190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193190.

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In recent decades, there has been an increase in the research for the development and improvement of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), owing to their singular advantages such as greater efficiency in energy conversion and overall performance in adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, work is carried out to enhance the energy efficiency of the components of the DSSCs: photoanode, counter-electrode, electrolyte, and dye sensitizer layer. Electrospun nanofibers in particular, have showed to be a novel alternative as components in DSSCs, mainly for energy conversion and as collector materials due in part to their tridimensional structure, high contact surface area and conductivity. Moreover, the incorporation of metallic compounds into nanofibers is advantageously employed in the electrospinning technique, owing to their conductivity and optical properties. Therefore, the present work consists of a detailed recompilation of the use of electrospun nanofibers loaded with metallic compounds and their application in DSSCs. The functionality of the components of DSSCs, parameters and experimental conditions of electrospinning, such as the intrinsic aspects in the polymer solution, are discussed and applied to the photoanode, counter-electrode and electrolyte of the DSSC. Lastly, the use of the electrospinning technique in combination with the use of metallic compounds could provide a great approach for the developing of DSSCs, with superior efficiency, high stability and durability.

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Mahjabin, Tanziha, Charitha Pattiaratchi, Yasha Hetzel, and Ivica Janekovic. "Spatial and Temporal Variability of Dense Shelf Water Cascades along the Rottnest Continental Shelf in Southwest Australia." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020030.

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Along the majority of Australian shallow coastal regions, summer evaporation increases the salinity of shallow waters, and subsequently in autumn/winter, the nearshore waters become cooler due to heat loss. This results in the formation of horizontal density gradients with density increasing toward the coast that generates gravity currents known as dense shelf water cascades (DSWCs) flowing offshore along the sea bed. DSWCs play important role in ecological and biogeochemical processes in Australian waters through the transport of dissolved and suspended materials offshore. In this study a numerical ocean circulation model of Rottnest continental shelf, validated using simultaneous ocean glider and mooring data, indicated that the passage of cold fronts associated with winter storms resulted in rapid heat loss through evaporative cooling. These conditions resulted in enhancement of the DSWCs due to modifications of the cross-shelf density gradient and wind effects. Specifically, onshore (offshore) directed winds resulted in an enhancement (inhibition) of DSWCs due to downwelling (vertical mixing). Consequently, the largest DSWC events occurred during the cold fronts when atmospheric temperatures reinforced density gradients and onshore winds promoted downwelling that enhanced DSWCs. Advection of DSWCs was also strongly influenced by the wind conditions, with significantly more transport occurring along-shelf compared to cross-shelf.

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Schoden, Fabian, Marius Dotter, Dörthe Knefelkamp, Tomasz Blachowicz, and Eva Schwenzfeier Hellkamp. "Review of State of the Art Recycling Methods in the Context of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133741.

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In times of climate change and dwindling fossil resources, the need for sustainable renewable energy technologies gains importance, increasingly fast. However, the state of the art technologies are energy intensive in their production, like monocrystalline photovoltaic, or even consist of not recyclable composite material, in the case of wind turbine blades. Despite a lack in efficiency and stability, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have a high potential to supplement the state of the art green energy technology in future. With low production costs and no necessity for toxic compounds DSSCs are a potential product, which could circulate in the loops of a circular economy. Therefore, with this paper, we provide the status of research on DSSC recycling and an outlook on how recycling streams could be realized in the future for glass-based DSSCs without toxic components. The overview includes work on using recycled material to build DSSCs and extending the life of a DSSC, e.g., through rehydration. We also illustrate the state of sustainability research for DSSCs using the VOSviewer tool. To date, the term sustainability appears in 35 of 24,441 publications on DSSCs. In view of the global challenges, sustainability should be researched more seriously because it is as important as the efficiency and stability of DSSCs.

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Yahya, Wan Zaireen Nisa, Wong Theen Meng, Mehboob Khatani, Adel Eskandar Samsudin, and Norani Muti Mohamed. "Bio-based chitosan/PVdF-HFP polymer-blend for quasi-solid state electrolyte dye-sensitized solar cells." e-Polymers 17, no. 5 (August 28, 2017): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0305.

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AbstractDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged to become one of the most promising alternatives to conventional solar cells. However, long-term stability and light-to-energy conversion efficiency of the electrolyte in DSSCs are the main challenges in the commercial use of DSSCs. Current liquid electrolytes in DSSCs allow achieving high power conversion efficiency, but they still suffer from many disadvantages such as solvent leakage, corrosion and high volatility. Quasi-solid state electrolytes have therefore been developed in order to curb these problems. A novel polymer electrolyte composed of biobased polymer chitosan, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid and iodide/tri-iodide redox salts in various compositions is proposed in this study as a quasi-solid state electrolyte. Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) studies on the polymer electrolyte have shown interactions between the redox salt and the polymer blend. The quasi-solid state electrolyte tested in DSSCs with an optimised weight ratio of PVdF-HFP:chitosan (6:1) with ionic liquid electrolyte PMII/KI/I2 has shown the highest power conversion efficiencies of 1.23% with ionic conductivity of 5.367×10−4 S·cm−1 demonstrating the potential of using sustainable bio-based chitosan polymers in DSSCs applications.

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