Дисертації з теми "DSS, accessibility"
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Homocianu, George Marius. "Modélisation de l’interaction transport-urbanisme : choix résidentiels des ménages dans l’aire urbaine de Lyon." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the thesis is to propose a modeling of the residential behaviors of the households: the choice of change of residence (or removal), and the choice of the new location. This type of models aims at envisaging the probability that a household changes residence and its choice of new location, according to a certain number of explanatory variables. In our case, modeling is founded on the discrete choice theory (random utility approach). Research is based on the Lyons case, the model being built on the urban area of Lyon, on data of the year 1999. In terms of results, side of residential mobility, it should be retained that the variables which explain the variation of the degree of mobility (of the rate of removal) of the households are the age of head, the number of children and the statute of occupation of housing. With regard to the households location, the preferences of the households for a zone are related on the characteristics of those and particularly to accessibility on various opportunities and services, which confirms that among the factors which influence the location behavior of the households one finds accessibilities, and thus, the assumption of the existence of a relation between transport and land use. It was also found that the characteristics of the households like age of head, income or household size have an influence on their location choices. The study and the results of the models suggest that improvements and new directions of research are possible. Thus, on the side of residential mobility, there could be other variables which justify the housing change, like characteristics of the residence, residential environment or other characteristics of the households not observed. It would be also interesting to estimate the location model at a finer geographical level (îlot). Other alternatives of modeling of the residential decisions of the households would be to model a hierarchical structure of the choices, by a hierarchical or nested logit, or to model the life cycle, whit its components family, residential and professional, which are in interdependence (in condition of availability of necessary data)
Victor, Nadja. "Evaluation des déplacements piétons quotidiens : Application à la ville de Luxembourg." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES049/document.
Повний текст джерелаWalking is generally considered as a natural and obvious activity for utilitarian or recreation purposes. Yet, that activity is complex to conceptualize. First, it includes a continuum of pedestriausers with various abilities to move who can have to face the environment. Second, the mobility anwalking behaviours are also influenced by a set of criteria: feasibility, accessibility, usefulness safety, comfort and pleasure. Besicles, peoples' routes are also varying following the trips objective (lnclucled in an interdisciplinary approach, this research argues that to ensure a city suitable for daily walking, it is essential to take into account the specificities of everyone and of situations that may affect pedestrian travels. For this purpose, modelling pedestrian trips in an intra-urban area, via GIS not only provides a support of analysis and visualization but also a decision tool for both people and stakeholders. The innovation of this approach lies in an inclusive tool which integrates this interrelationships among a variety of pedestrian users and the environment in different contexts. Our methodology is also reproducible in different cities and able to adapt itself to specific local context through an urban audit and a questionnaire for users. This thesis is concluded by an empirical case of study in Luxembourg-city to gather information about the ability of a city to provide an efficient pedestrian network and some pedestrian users ' testimonies
Kestens, Yan. "Utilisation du sol, accessibilité et profil des ménages : effets sur le choix résidentiel et la valeur des propriétés = Land use, accessibility and household profiles : their effects on residential choice and house values." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21646/21646.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores and develops various analytical methods in order to better understand residential choice and the implicit prices of single-family property markets. The area of study is Quebec City, whereas most of the work relies on single-family property transactions that occurred during the 1986-1987 and 1993-2001 periods. A phone survey held between 2000 and 2002 gave additional information on the choice criteria and household profiles of 800 of these actual property buyers. In a first chapter, the impact of the surrounding land use and vegetation is measured using hedonic modelling. Land-use data are extracted from both a mosaic of aerial photographs, and from a Landsat TM-5 image. Various measures of land use, at different spatial scales, are introduced within the hedonic models. More specifically, the heterogeneous impact of vegetation, depending on relative proximity to the Main Activity Centre, is shown. In a second chapter, motivations for moving and residential and neighbourhood choice criteria are analysed. A Correspondence Analysis underscores the links between choice criteria and the psychological and geographical theories of Place-Identity and perception spaces. Also, logistic regressions measure the odds of mentioning a criteria depending on the household profile and location. Previous tenure status, age, income, household structure and location are significantly related to various residential choice criteria. Finally, in a third chapter, the household-level data are introduced within the hedonic framework, using Casetti’s expansion method and Geographically Weighted Regressions. The heterogeneity of implicit prices is analysed regarding the buyer’s household profile. Not only does the marginal value of certain attributes vary regarding the buyer’s profile, but it appears that income and previous tenure status have a direct impact on property values. This thesis, through the development of new methods aiming at analysing residential markets and residential choices, contributes to further understanding the complex links between the socio-demographic dimension of households, their residential choice criteria, and the spatial structure of Quebec City.
Qian, Sai. "Accessibilité des référents en sémantique du discours." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0138/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis has its roots in the standard Montagovian and dynamic semantic tradition. The subject is conditions under which a noun phrase may act as antecedent of a particular anaphoric expression. The work thesis deals with the accessibility of discourse referents using a formal system of dynamic semantics. The framework used is the one proposed by De Groote, Type Theoretic Dynamic Logic (TTDL) because it follows the Montagovian tradition and only makes use of standard mathematical and logical tools which allows to maintain compositionnality. We extend the coverage of TTDL to cases which are naturally problematic for classical dynamic semantic theories. In particularly, this thesis aims to extend TTDL's coverage of the accessibility of referents to two exceptions of classical dynamic theories, namely anaphora under double negation and modality. An adaptation is defined for each case and finally, an integration of various solutions is proposed, which shows the flexibility of TTDL
Jean-Caurant, Axel. "Analyse de documents et du comportement des utilisateurs pour améliorer l'accès à l'information." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS028/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe constant increase of available documents and tools to access them has led to a change of research practices. For a few years now, more and more information retrieval platforms are made available online to the scientific community or the public. This data deluge is a great opportunity for users seeking information. However, it comes with new problems and new challenges to overcome. Formerly, the main issue for researchers was to identify if a particular resource existed. Today, the challenge is more about finding how to access pertinent information. We have identified two distinct levers to limit the impact of this new search paradigm. First, we believe that it is necessary to analyze how the different search platforms are used. To be able to understand and read into users behavior is a necessary step to comprehend what users understand, and to identify what they need to get an in-depth understanding of the operation of such platforms. Indeed, most systems act as black boxes which conceal the underlying transformations applied on data. Users do not need to understand in details how those algorithms work. However, because those algorithms have a major impact on the accessibility of information, and need to be taken into account during the exploitation of search results. Why is the search engine returning those particular results ? Why is this document more pertinent than another ? Such seemingly naive questions are nonetheless essential to undertake an analytical approach of the information search and retrieval task. We think that users have a right and a duty to question themselves about the relevance of such and such tool at their disposal. To help them cope with these issues, we developped a dual-use information search platform. On the one hand, it can be used to observe and understand user behavior. On the other hand, it can be used as a pedagogical medium to highlight research biases users can be exposed to. At the same time, we believe that the tools themselves must be improved. In the second part of this thesis, we study the impact that the quality of documents can have on their accessibility. Because of the increase of documents available online, human operators are less and less able to insure their quality. Thus, there is a need to set up new strategies to improve the way search platform operate and process documents. We propose a new method to automatically identify and correct errors generated by information extraction process such as OCR
Minster, Clotilde. "L'exception des espaces ruraux français questionnée : des formes de mobilités singulières ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010597.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis has been prepared in view of the increasing share of the population living in low-density areas, and the related increase in commuting distances (Hubert 2009). The result of the interplay between these factors may well be interpreted as an unsustainable development path, especially due to the supposedly increased level of mobility (DATAR 2003). To contribute to the discussion on these topics, this thesis examines the accessibility of various social services and other facilities, using data from the French facilities database. It then analyzes mobility patterns within the sample population using data of the French national travel survey. The analysis shows a weak influence of space characteristics on mobility behaviours. Following a discussion of possible explanations for the findings, the thesis offers potential directions for public policy to address these issues
Issartel, Paul. "Nouvelles approches pour la portabilité, la non-intrusivité et l'accessibilité des interfaces de manipulation 3D." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS077/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on 3D interaction with virtual objects, more specifically on 3D manipulation: selection, translation, and rotation. The most commonly-used interaction platforms (personal computer, mobile device) were designed for 2D interaction and thus are not well suited to 3D manipulation. There is a more efficient alternative for this task: virtual reality. However, current virtual reality systems are too often bulky, expensive and/or intrusive to the user, and for these reasons remain underused. In this thesis, we propose and study new solutions to make this form of interaction more convenient without reducing its effectiveness. The main objectives we aim for are interface portability, non-intrusiveness, and the use of readily-available hardware. We propose a first approach to simultaneously meet the above criteria. It consists in combining a standard mobile device (for its portability and widespread availability) with passive tangible objects (for efficient 3D manipulation in a non-intrusive manner). Yet, this approach still has drawbacks: it is made of multiple parts that must always be carried together, and is not suitable for adding force-feedback using haptic devices. We thus introduce a new technique, called “decoupling”, that allows the user to perceive virtual forces through the visual modality alone. Based on the concept of “pseudo-haptics”, this technique makes it possible to provide force feedback without the constraints associated with actual haptic devices. We then study a different approach intended to be fully integrated, enhancing the portability aspect compared to an interface made of multiple parts. This approach consists in using the motion of the mobile device itself to manipulate 3D objects displayed on its own screen. However, this “locally-coupled” configuration presents several unique characteristics that make manipulation more complex. We thus investigate the questions raised by this specific configuration. Finally, we introduce a last approach, called the “tangible volume”, aimed at regaining the same directness of manipulation as with tangible objects but in a single integrated device. We describe an early implementation of such a device, and discuss its technical feasibility as well as its potential accessibility to end users in the short and medium term
Garreton, Matias. "Inégalités de mobilité dans le Grand Santiago et la région Ile-de-France : politiques de logement, des transports et gouvernance métropolitaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1178/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur era is characterized by unprecedented global challenges that require a critical review and a reformulation of the principles of social and economic organization, particularly in the field of urban planning. The concentration of population in major conurbations, their growing segregation and their ecological footprint, stress the importance of adapting metropolitan institutions. Within this large field of research, this thesis focuses on the problem of inequalities of residential location and daily travel, and on the limits of public action to address these challenges. Thus, we develop the hypothesis that the accumulation of residential and travel handicaps constitute a form of social injustice that could be objectified by quantitative measures at a mesosocial level. The ethical corollary of this observation in terms of public action leads us to propose a complementary hypothesis. Indeed, mitigation of urban inequalities would require institutions having the capacity to coordinate various sectoral policies, with territorial coherence and in response to social demands. These two hypotheses are articulated in a dialectical argument that develops operative concepts and methodologies for the study of the right to the city, which we conceive as a synthesis of socio-economic and political empowerment. In particular, urban mobility is defined in this work as the interweaving practices of residential location and daily travel at the household level. This set of capabilities is necessary for the blooming of citizens, but the unjust connotation of differences measured by this kind statistics is difficult to demonstrate. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is the development and application of a methodology for quantitative analysis at the metropolitan level, capable to assert if there is or not an unfair limitation of urban mobility for a certain social group. With this purpose, we analyze four complementary indicators, each measuring a different dimension of space-time tradeoffs at household level. This are: the daily use of time, travel and housing efforts, accessibility to jobs and other destinations, and utility of urban mobility. In sum, simultaneous disadvantages among these measures would suggest that some social groups are deprived of adjustment mechanisms that would allow them to benefit from urban resources, what we qualify as being unfair. In particular, we show that the effect of social policies in Ile-de-France seems to be antagonized by the extension of its urban area, attaining levels of socio-spatial inequalities close to those observed in Greater Santiago, where redistributive mechanisms are extremely weak. This convergence emphasizes the importance of analyzing the limits of metropolitan governance systems to resolve such inequities. This issue is addressed by the observation of two recent public controversies, the implementation of Transantiago and the debates around the Grand Paris, and by the study of the evolution of planning instruments. This institutional analysis is based on a synthesis of the rules and resources of public action, and on interviews with experts and authorities. In both study cases and by different mechanisms, there would be failures of representation for vulnerable groups in the arenas of metropolitan governance, thus contributing to the widening socio-spatial inequalities. Finally, guaranteeing the right to the city in the Greater Santiago and the Ile -de- France would require complementary technical and policy innovations. These could be implemented in a mesosocial level, aiming for the improvement of urban mobility and political representation of vulnerable households, according to the specificities of each sub-metropolitan territory
Le, Morellec Fanny. "L’approche par les capabilités un nouveau cadre pour l’analyse de l’accessibilité universelle : application à la mobilité des personnes vieillissantes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0969/document.
Повний текст джерелаObjective: The objective of this work was to propose a new approach for the understanding of accessibility. Through this approach, accessibility is considered as a number of qualities of environments or activities providing real opportunities for development to people. This line of research was based on the capability approach which provides a unique and relevant theoretical framework to achieve enabling accessibility (i.e. accessibility which offers real development opportunities to people). In this thesis, the application context of enabling accessibility is older adults’ mobility. Methods: After a presentation of the capability approach, a state of the art on accessibility and presentation of the application context of this research, we present three studies, which use a combination of methods (i.e. workshop, observations, survey, situational projection, critical incident technique). Results: The results of this research are used to define a model of enabling accessibility and to clarify its position in ergonomics. This model highlights a number of determinants of enabling accessibility (e.g. resources conversion factors, factors of choice). This model also describes a number of process which can constraint or hamper activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, a presentation of the model develops in this work is proposed as well as a definition of enabling accessibility. The prospects for research focuses firstly on the research design for enabling accessibility, and secondly, on the long-term effects of enabling accessibility on meta-functional activities.Keywords: enabling accessibility, capability approach, freedom of choice, older people, mobility
Soares, de oliveira neto João. "Villes Intelligentes Inclusives : théorie et outils pour améliorer l'expérience des personnes en situation d’handicap dans l’espace urbain." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC106/document.
Повний текст джерелаCities have used technologies in anumber of areas to improve the delivery ofpublic services, meet the demands ofcitizens, and measure the consumption ofnatural resources. Known as Smart Cities,these initiatives aim to improve the qualityof life of citizens and have already had apositive impact on how citizens interactwith urban spaces, services and with eachother. On the other hand, urban spaces canbe considered as a threat to theindependence and autonomy of people withdisabilities. We used a multi-instrumentapproach to collect data from differentstakeholders - people with disabilities,professionals working with people withdisabilities, accessibility experts and policymakers - to understand the barriers faced bypeople with disabilities. We first developeda definition of the Smart Inclusive City, aswell as proposed tools to supportpractitioners and researchers engaged in thedevelopment of digital assistivetechnologies: an implementation andoperation methodology, a conceptual model,a business model, and a system architectureare proposed in this thesis
Wagon, Gwenola. "Utopies d'un cinéma interactif : accessibilité des images en mouvement." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177253.
Повний текст джерелаSbayou, Mariem. "Modélisation et simulation des systèmes de production de services : application à un système de sante." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0422/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe rapid growth of the services sector, especially modern services, is a remarkable trend around the world. The complexity of conceptualizing services is often related to their modeling, their design, and the management of possible interactions between the customer and the provider. One of the fundamental public services is health services, the major challenges faced by health services are: governance, coordination and accessibility to care. The accessibility of care is usually linked to an unbalanced geographic distribution of doctors and a high waiting time. In this context, an approach based on Modeling and Simulation taking into account the possible heterogeneity of modeling environments is proposed in order to analyze the problems related to the management of a service territory. This approach aims to give a global vision of the functioning of the service system studied, by taking into account the related factors impacting both the choice of service users and the process of service production
Tian, Jianghao. "Étude d'un prétraitement biologique des biomasses lignocellulosiques par une approche microbiologique et de bioprocédé." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S099/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the PhD project is to characterize bacterial populations potentially capable of degrading lignin within crop residues to optimize the bioavailability of holocellulose compartment to be valorized by anaerobic digestion. The originality of the subject lies in finding ligninolytic bacteria using approaches combining the isolation of strains and technique of molecular biology, and the application of these microorganisms on a reactor scale, as part of pretreatment of crop residues. Firstly, research work was carried out to find and identify potentially interesting micro-organisms and characterize their specific enzyme systems. Secondly, studies have been conducted on the application of micro-organisms isolated for a biological pretreatment of rape straw. Pretreatments were carried out in a series of laboratory reactors dedicated to follow the effect in real time. A method allowing the quantification of the cellulose accessibility for cellulases in substrate was established. In parallel, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed to monitor and/or characterize the bacterial and archaeal communities in the reactors. The results obtained have shown that the main factor influencing the degradation of the straw was not the presence of ligninolytic strains which could not influence the development of endogenous community, but the supply of some nutrients included in a mixture with lignin and mineral salts which could enrich a particularly active community. The data obtained in the thesis allowed to capitalize knowledge on the biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass. This prospective study allowed the consideration of using the biological pretreatments developed at the upstream of biogas and biofuel sectors
Henault-Tessier, Mélanie. "Travailler en situation de communication médiatisée : dispositifs techniques d’accessibilité et dynamiques de (re)formulation des pratiques professionnelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH020/document.
Повний текст джерелаCreating an emergency call centre dedicated to deaf and hard of hearing users has required the design and implementation of a specific socio-technical system in order to take into account the diversity of their communication practices. Our research is grounded on such technical project specifically oriented towards the accessibility to an organization acting mainly through telephonic interactions and therefrom emerged for us the opportunity to conduct a cross-reflection on socio-technical devices apprehended as a working tool and an accessibility tool. Based on elements obtained through an ethnographic study conducted in emergency call centres which has given empirical material that we are bringing into discussion with traces of the process of the product design, we are questioning the place and status of communication devices in the local environment. Along with this questioning, we are also observing how communication devices practically achieve accessibility within the social model of disability. Two main themes are therefore explored: the organization of work activities in situations of mediated communication and the process, engaged by the design and implementation of an accessibility device, by which conventional practices are reformulated. To do so, we draw on conceptual tools and works from Situated action theory and Sociology of science and technology. We also mobilize Disability and Deaf Studies literature. Through a refined description of the multiple courses of action and a subtle attention to the materiality of interactional practices, we demonstrate that communication technical devices are a piece of an heterogeneous assembly, that make sense in situation, and act as an invisible scaffolding that organize and stabilize communication practices. We propose to designate this form of stabilization under the name of communicational infrastructure and to use it as a conceptual tool for approaching the introduction of new communication devices in organizations and to support a reflection on accessibility-in-practices
Molinier, Muriel. "La voie de l'inclusion par la médiation au musée des beaux-arts : des publics fragilisés au public universel." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30039.
Повний текст джерелаWe study museums as a privileged place of inclusion for the audiences weakened by medical, social or medico-social issues. Our infocommunicational approach is based in the relationship between museum, audience and third party mediator, in museum education (mediation). Firstly, the museum's social roots and its desire for democratization make it relevant to the issue of museum and social inclusion. Secondly, vulnerable audiences are presented through the representations that surround them, the terms that describe them, the status of their accompanying persons in the museum, and that of culture in social work and health. Thirdly, museum education (mediation), through devices and museum educators (mediators), as well as by mobilizing museum-health relations, defines mediational approaches aimed at vulnerable audiences, between integration, inclusion and involvement. Our comprehensive research method allowed us to extract three target audiences (people : with Alzheimer's disease, learning French, visually impaired) in order to globalize the approaches. Six target museums (musée des Augustins in Toulouse, musée du Louvre-Lens in Lens, musée du Louvre in Paris, musée Fabre in Montpellier, Montreal museum of fine arts in Montréal, Museum of Modern Art in New-York) have allowed us to produce corpuses and interviews. Our thoughts for entering the path of inclusion are to think : on the one hand, a transversality of fragility leading to increase the universality of a mediation in universal design and to consider a single universal audience; on the other hand, the merger of the mediator / special educator partnership through a new hybrid museum-health operator : the remediator
Vasudevan, Vandana. "Mobilité et accessibilité spatiale des femmes en milieu urbain : capabilités et bien-être." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH013.
Повний текст джерелаHistorically, women have been kept out of the city planning process due to embedded social and cultural attitudes which restricted them to the private sphere. As planning, architecture and engineering were male dominated professions, few women had a voice at policy-making level of city building, a situation which has not altered drastically even today. With the feminization of the labour force, more women began to occupy the public space and use urban infrastructure.Yet,it was not until the 1970s that feminist geographers began to point out that women’s movement pattern in the city was distinctly different from that of men’s. Women made shorter, more frequent trips and ‘trip chained’ i.e. linking their work trips to trips made for household and family related needs. This was different from men’s trajectories which were largely linear. Women also carried babies and grocery bags and pushed strollers while on the move. They had less access to private vehicles, walked more and used more public transport than men did. These behaviours have over time changed in western societies but remain stubbornly in place in developing countries.Researchers observed that the peculiarities of women’s mobility was due to two factors . Firstly, despite being in the labour force in increasing numbers, women’s responsibilities at home did not change. Working women bore ‘double burden’ of both work and household/child care responsibilities. The resulting ‘time poverty’ impacted their professional careers as women have been found to take jobs closer to home so that commute time can be saved. Consequently, women have restricted themselves to certain types of occupations that can be performed without threatening the management of the home front. Additionally, women’s mobility was restricted spatially and temporally by the risk of sexual harassment in public spaces including in transit environments like buses and metro stations.The studies which brought these issues of gendered mobility to the forefront have almost always been done in western contexts. Very little is known about the mobility of urban working women in less developed countries of Asia. Further, the role and impact of mobility on women’s overall lives has not been examined in existing literature. This study uses a qualitative approach to enhance our understanding of urban women’s experiences of the city as they move through public spaces in the following ways :1)Using the capability approach, the study micro examines urban women’s daily mobilities and their time usage in different activities performed during a working day. Having done that, it focusses on how their capability for mobility affects other capabilities necessary for well being, such as the capabilities for leisure, for health and fitness or for nurturing valued relationships. Such an approach, of looking at women’s mobility through the lens of capabilities and its role in women’s overall lives is a hitherto unexplored perspective.2)The study puts the spotlight on accessibility, showing that while mobility is vital, it is an insufficient condition to improve people’s quality of life. What is more meaningful as a goal for policy makers is the improvement of spatial accessibility, which encompasses reachability and quality of the journey undertaken.3)In order to operationalize the capability approach, a new visual technique named ‘Game of Cards’ using picture cards was created to elicit responses about achieved and potential functionings.4)As the primary research was done in three cities across a developed and developing country-France and India- it offers valuable insights about the commonalities in the lives of working mothers, that cut across the binary of developed and developing countries.The study concludes that the capability for mobility and spatial accessibility is not only vital on its own for women but is also instrumental in the attainment of other capabilities necessary for well being
Romano, Kyle David. "(Dis)Abled Gaming: An Autoethnographic Analysis of Decreasing Accessibility For Disabled Gamers." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5575.
Повний текст джерелаTeng, Ching-Ling. "Mapping molecular accessibility and intermolecular interactions between ribonuclease A and paramagnetic small molecules using nuclear magnetic relaxation /." Full text, Acrobat Reader required, 2002. http://viva.lib.virginia.edu/etd/diss/ArtsSci/Biophysics/2002/Teng/TengDiss.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJost, Jérémy. "Les déterminants du déficit thérapeutique de l'épilepsie : place de la qualité des antiépileptiques en Afrique sub-Saharienne." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0038/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn sub-Saharan Africa, epilepsy remains a neglected public health issue. In addition to a lack of trained healthcare resources, including staff and infrastructure, the high epilepsy treatment gap has been a source of concern. Only a few major first-line antiepileptic drugs are readily available and the quality of these drugs could pose further issues. Currently, there are a few data available to address the question of the quality of antiepileptic drugs in low- and middle-income countries. Two studies have shown the proportion of poor-quality drugs to range from 13.7% for phenobarbital in Mauritania to 65,0% for phenytoin, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of the treatment gap of people living with epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries. Research objectives were to identify and describe intervention programmes aimed at improving drug management, to extract social determinants of the treatment gap, to evaluate the quality of antiepileptic drugs available in sub-Saharan Africa and to measure the availability, cost and affordability of antiepileptic drugs in sub-Saharan Africa.The study design for intervention and social determinants assessment was a systematic literature review. For quality, availability, cost and affordability issues a multicentre cross-sectional study has been carried out in 9 sub-Saharan Africa countries with an identical data and sample collection protocol. In each country, urban and rural areas have been systematically investigated in the same manner, exploring both the official supply chain and the illicit system in each setting. All the structures where a patient could buy or obtain antiepileptic drugs have been investigated. Community-based care and allied health staff were success factors in resource limited settings. Adherence to treatment has been pointed out to be a corner stone of people living with epilepsy drug management, poorly and slightly controlled. Therapeutic patient education was a promising dimension to be developed. Overall 32.3% of the tablets were of poor quality, but no statistical difference was observed across the sites. Carbamazepine (38.7% [95% Confidence Interval (95%CI)]: 21.8 – 57.8) and phenytoin 83.3% (95% CI 35.8 – 99.5) had the highest proportion of substandard quality, mainly due to dissolution failure. Sodium valproate was the antiepileptic drug with the poorest quality (32.1%; 95% CI 15.8 – 42.3). Phenobarbital (94.1%; 95% CI 80.3 – 99.2) had better quality. Prevalence of substandard quality increased in samples supplied from a public structure (Odds Ratio (OR), 9.9; 95% CI 1.2-84.1; p<.04) as well as those manufactured in China (OR, 119.8; CI 8.7-1651.9; p<.001). The prevalence of antiepileptic drugs with bad quality increased when improperly stored (OR, 5.4; 95% CI 1.2-24.1; p<.03). Phenobarbital and generic formulations remained the most affordable antiepileptic drugs but the least available mainly in the private sector, the supply chain with the largest distribution network in countries.The role of pharmacist and other allied staffs should be enhanced. No counterfeiting has been observed for antiepileptic drugs in this study. However, inadequate storage conditions, including the lack of temperature and humidity control, are likely to lead to ineffective and maybe dangerous antiepileptic drugs, even when good quality antiepileptic drugs are initially imported. Unpacking practice, common and potentially dangerous, must be supervised and secured. Local production of antiepileptic drugs has several positive aspects for decreasing treatment gap by enhancing geographical, financial accessibility and quality of drugs. WHO prequalification program has produced great improvement in diseases management in developing countries. Inclusion of antiepileptic drugs in this program may be highly profitable for people living with epilepsy
Samout, Raghid. "L'accès à l'information en situation de handicap : le cas des étudiants en déficit visuel." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H023/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis demonstrate the feasibility of a user experience approach to develop websites adapted to people with visual disabilities. Based on an analysis of the information practices of a panel of students, we designed and developed a model for a "proof of concept". The results obtained as part of this research are of two types: a needs analysis defined from interviews and a computer development
Lalourcey, Laurent. "Accessibilité des parturientes à l'analgésie péridurale obstétricale, gestion des échecs et satisfaction des parturientes." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11132.
Повний текст джерелаMasselot, Cyril. "Accessibilité et qualité des systèmes d'information multimédia : transfert méthodologique et technologique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007817.
Повний текст джерелаBou, Issa Youssef. "Accessibilité aux informations visuelles des pages web pour les non-voyants." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1274/.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of my thesis is to enhance the accessibility to the visual information in web pages for the blind users. Based on the concepts of IdP and MAT that offer a representation of the visual aspect of a textual object and on the RDF model that facilitates the description of the web pages, we conceived a new model that we called MAP-RDF. This model offers a representation of the visual information that remains hidden to the blind, like the visual structure of the page, the visual groupings, their properties and the relations that associate these groupings. The totality of this information is translated into the terms of a tactile language that we developed. We also fulfilled an evaluation of the tactile Images of Pages (IdP) with blind persons. The results being very promising, we could develop a prototype that permits the annotation of web pages according to our model. It can also generate automatically a tactile view of the web page in which the visual information is distributed into three levels of granularity that we defined experimentally
Wagon, Gwenola Boissier Jean-Louis. "Utopies d'un cinéma interactif accessibilité des images en mouvement /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2007. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/THESE_Wagon1.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTitre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 326-337. Filmogr. Sélection de sites internet. Index.
Guivarc'h, Maud. "Spécificités des enjeux conceptuels et éthiques des soins d'urgence en odontologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0662/document.
Повний текст джерелаDespite major therapeutic progress, oral health still remains an important public health problem in France. The use of dental care is mainly based on patients’ perception of a dental problem, mostly pain, that may motivate a request for emergency dental care. In contrast to what is available for the management of medical emergencies, the provision of emergency dental care in France relies mainly on care provided in private dental offices while the supply of public emergency dental care remains minor and heterogeneous. This particular organization, associated with the difficulty in identifying precisely what constitutes a dental emergency, is likely to result in patients lacking access to emergency dental care. The analysis of the international literature shows that similar issues have been raised in countries of equivalent standard of living and these findings call for developing the provision of dental care in the hospital environment. This work is based on three complementary studies, each of which addressing the different actors involved in dental emergencies (patients, dentists and dental students). The aim of this work is (i) to characterize the notion of urgency in the context of dentistry, (ii) to discuss the benefits and current limitations of the two co-existing ways of management of dental emergencies (i.e. private offices and public hospital), (iii) to consider the educational issues related to the teaching of dental emergency topic and (iv) to carry out, on the basis of the synthesis of our experimental results, a reflection on the ethical issues related to better consideration of these common care situations by dentists
Allaf, Tamara. "Application de la détente instantanée contrôlée pour l'eco-extraction des produits naturels : intensification & combinaison." Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG0249/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on fundamental analysis and experimental work carried out on extraction via conventional and innovative processes. The intensification of these techniques is first based on theoretical approaches. On the one hand, we focused our meditation on examining the "paradox" generated by conventional steam-distillation of essential oils, and suggested solutions from Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) or Microwave (MW). On the other hand, we were interested in the problematic of solvent extraction operations of plant-based non-volatile compounds. The specificity of the diffusional process gives them a special importance because of the specific structure of the material, reflecting poor intrinsic technological ability. Improving extraction by letting DIC act on the structure of the matrix, MW on heating, and UltraSound (US) on the micro-agitation, allows to coupling technologies leading to a perfect intensification and thus multi-criteria optimization (kinetics, quality and energy). DIC was applied to the leaves of rosemary and orange peel to extract essential oils. This treatment has access to expansion and to achieve increased extraction of antioxidant molecules. We therefore conducted a combination DIC/MW for rosemary and DIC/US for orange peel. Finally, the extraction kinetics of rapeseed oil has been intensified by DIC pretreatment. This kinetics was identified through modeling including Fick diffusion coupled to a Crank solution
Ranise, Cécile. "Musées, accessibilité et handicap : l’accessibilité des musées nationaux de Budapest (Hongrie) et l’accueil des visiteurs en situation de handicap (tous handicaps) : Etudes de cas de trois musées emblématiques : états des lieux, analyses de l’existant, conception et réalisation de projets de mise en accessibilité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3086.
Повний текст джерелаThe accessibility of the Hungarian museums for people with disabilities - i.e. in a broader sense accessibility of the building, access to information and communication and access to cultural and artistic practices - represents today not only a legal obligation but actually a substantial contribution to the enlargement of the public. Thanks to the voluntarist politics in the museums regarding services of handicapped people, thanks to the special adjustment of the buildings, to the information and communication appliences, to the cultural services and even to the pedagogical means and methods in a constant technological development and innovation, it is possible to take into consideration all types of visitors with disabilities and to provide them with services adjusted to their expectations and needs. Nevertheless in practice this is not always so obvious in Hungary, the dialogue between handicapped people and the Hungarian museums started just recently. In order to investigate this subject matter, three national museums have been selected in Budapest to be examined in a case study. The aim was to see and analyse their conditions of accessibility and implement the projects related to accesibility and to the actions how to welcome a public with disabilities. The conclusions drawn from the different projects developped in these three museums make it possible to set up recommendations and suggestions and to propose action plans particularly to the professionals working in the museums
El, belghiti alaoui Nabil. "Stratégie de testabilité en production des cartes électroniques à forte densité d’intégration et à signaux rapides." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0018.
Повний текст джерелаUntil today, the production tests are based mainly on optical verification (AOI), X-ray inspection (AXI), electrical (ICT) and functional tests. Faced with the miniaturization of component packages, the high densification and integration of several technologies (digital, analog, radio frequency, power ...) on the same PCB (Printed Circuit Board), the test techniques listed above are no longer sufficient to fully meet the production test coverage requirements, because they are costly in terms of development time and test cycle and are not very efficient.The objective of this CIFRE thesis with ACTIA Automotive in collaboration with LAAS-CNRS is to define an innovative production test strategy adapted to high-density products. To do this, we have addressed in this work, improvements to existing test methodologies and proposed test approaches usable upstream of the production process of PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies).First, we introduced a new contactless technique for testing PCBAs with limited physical test access. The technique involves the use of near-field magnetic sensors, which detect the magnetic signatures from components mounted on the PCB in order to test their presence and their value thereafter. Secondly, a test approach using infrared thermal signatures is presented. This technique can detect component assembly defects such as, presence, value and in some cases its state of health, which allows concluding on the PCBA state of defect. In order to evaluate the relevance of these two techniques, several fault scenarios were considered and analyzed with an outlier detection algorithm. In several cases, the manufacturing defects are discriminated with significant margins, while taking into account the variability in component specifications.Finally, a technique for regaining test accessibility on high frequency signal transmission tracks is presented. The technique uses small openings in the solder mask directly above the tracks carrying digital signals. The exposed conductors are contacted with a probe with deformable and anisotropic conductive tip. The industrial feasibility of this technique was tested on a prototype that we developed in collaboration with the ACTIA Group subsidiary: ACTIA Engineering Services
Gérard, Sébastien. "Un modèle cognitif pour l'interprétation des expressions référentielles dans le cadre d'un système générique de dialogue homme-machine finalisé." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112114.
Повний текст джерелаThis work integrates itself in the Interviews project, it aims to propose a generic system for task-oriented human machine dialogue. In this context, we propose a model for the interpretation of referential expressions. We define a model of the reference based on cognitive psychology work, but in which the accessibility of referents is not defined locally vis-à-vis a referential expression, but globally vis-à-vis an intervention. The process of interpreting the user's interventions - and thus referential expressions - can be considered to be the transformation of a starting expression - of a textual nature - into a final expression - of a formal nature. In our model, this transformation results in the successive application of a set of rules until the acquisition of a terminal expression of minimal cost. For the lexical analysis of the user's interventions, we use the Wordnet semantic network, in order to define in a generic manner, all the possible lexicalisations for each concept used in the application, thus defining the application's vocabulary. The rules that are not specific to a given application or a given situation, directly translate into a generic text form, that we call a pattern in its formal translation. The pragmatic rules stem from the situation represented by the dynamic model of the application given by the mediator and from the internal representation of the dialog history in our system to obtain the request executable by the mediator that will represent the user's intervention
Popovic, Marina. "Potentiel des événements climatiques à l’échelle « pico » pour l'amélioration du confort thermique piétonnier." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates the potential of architectural and urban design schemes on a very small scale so as to improve pedestrian comfort during excessive summertime heat conditions. Starting from the premise that pedestrian’s pleasure and ability to thermally adapt are based upon experience of transient and non-uniform climate states, attempts are being made to identify short-term climate events named cold inducing"affordances". In order to enhance affordances of climate events related to the pedestrian, firstly a scale denominated "pico" and its descriptors are defined.The thesis outlines three study corpuses of climatic experiences that have been proposed in different periods of time and various contexts. The first corpus introduces and discusses climatic experiences that have been proposed in theoretical studies and experiments realized between 1950 and 1970 by the authors from the artistic and architectural avant-garde. The second corpus is focused on contemporary artistic and architectural installations dedicated to climatic variations, which showed up during the last two decades, in vitro or in urban space. The aim of the third corpus is to identify more precisely behavioral adaptations expressed by inhabitants during their encounter with selected cooling climate features in an urban context. The city of Madrid during summertime is considered as a laboratory, revealing uses and strategies of inhabitants in order to cool down. Behavioral expression is regarded as an index parameter revealing appreciation and thermal feel and as a prime instrument of control of one’s own comfort state.The potentials of the "pico" scale are discussed inregard to cold inducing design schemes along with the extent to which the accessibility of information related to existence and usability of an "affordance" can be related to specific behavioral adaptations
Guingot, Marie. "L'Ile, l'entreprise et le navire : étude de la desserte insulaire et des adaptations des entreprises du Ponant." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0052.
Повний текст джерелаThe thirteen Ponant islands (Atlantic- Channel-coast, France) are connected daily by a maritime service. The dual function of the connection is to ensure territorial continuity and to foster tourism. This thesis addresses the organization of maritime routes and its consequences on island firms. First, a great diversity among island connections to the continent is revealed by field observations and surveys of fourteen shipping and airline companies as well as six authorities delegating the public service. The service is diverse in its system (actors, markets, finance, employment) and its devices (ships, handling, frequency, pricing, port). The maritime service is therefore customized to the territory. The passenger and freight transport analysis shows traffic seasonality and imbalance between in- and outflows. Secondly, a qualitative survey among 88 island firms specifies their use of the maritime service and the resulting spatial practices. Firm’s insights are varied but four main issues have been identified: cost, freight damage, time, and complex logistics. A typology of adaptations to these constraints is established, and the transport strategies, mixing in- and outsourcing along the three segments of the logistic chain are identified. A case study focuses on island food supply by grocery stores and islanders
Laurent, Sara. "Les effets de l’accessibilité et de la valorisation de l’expérience sur l’adoption de pratiques de mobilité douce : une étude empirique au sein des grands espaces urbains." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMOND002.
Повний текст джерелаTo meet the environmental challenges in large urban areas, many public policies aim to reduce car use in favour of so-called soft mobility, shared mobility and active mobility. However, users individually and collectively resist these measures: they do not always have the capacity (accessibility problems) or the motivation (perceived value) to change their mobility practices. While marketing has been very interested in the creation of value by the user, perceived accessibility remains an understudied concept, yet it is a major factor in understanding which capabilities encourage changes in practices.This research explains the role of accessibility and the perceived value of the experience - made up of the value in use created at a meso scale, and the value of the context created at a micro scale - in changing mobility practices. A qualitative study with 12 experts involved in urban mobility issues and 10 users allowed us to propose a definition of the perceived accessibility and perceived value of soft mobility experiences. A quantitative study with a panel of 883 users then made it possible to operationalise the measurement scales and to test the hypotheses on the effects of accessibility and perceived value on changes in practices. The moderating role of past practices and distance to future practices is also studied with the help of more precise analyses on regular car users to engage them in shared mobility, and regular public transport users to engage them in active mobility.The results show the important role of relative accessibility on the change of practices of regular or non-regular car users, and of monomodal and multimodal users. This dimension of perceived accessibility refers to the overall perceived ease of pursuing a goal without effort. Conversely, different dimensions of value have a positive or negative influence on the change of practices, depending on the past practices of the users and the distance to future practices
Giuffrida, Tanguy. "Fuzzy4U : un système d'adaptation des Interfaces Homme-Machine en logique floue pour l'accessibilité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM063.
Повний текст джерелаWith the massive spread of the use of the Internet and the computer tool in general, the accessibility of user interfaces is an increasingly pressing need. Ease of use of computing devices is indeed a critical point in fostering adoption. Thus, the difficulties experienced by certain users, such as the elderly or in a situation of neurocognitive difficulties, require more acutely the question of accessibility. Much work has focused on this subject in order to define generic or situational accessibility recommendations. One possible approach is to adapt the interfaces to the context of use. However, difficulties remain, particularly linked to the complexity of the possible contexts of use, leading to a multiplicity of characteristics to be taken into account, an imprecision of the values assigned to these characteristics and the combination of multiple adaptation rules. We address these three obstacles through the following research question: how to improve the accessibility of UIs through adaptive interfaces by taking into account the multiplicity of context characteristics, the imprecision of context values ; as well as the complexity and the combination of rules?By relying on a generic adaptation architecture, we propose a dynamic adaptation engine based on fuzzy logic, used to implement accessibility recommendations. We show how fuzzy logic manages the three obstacles identified through a prototype. We will highlight these advantages compared to a classical approach in Boolean logic. In order to validate these advantages, we carried out a comparative analysis between the 2 types of rules (fuzzy and binary logic) in a theoretical way and with an evaluation by experts. The results validate the interest of fuzzy logic for adapting interfaces for accessibility purposes
Charbonneau, Anne. "Accessibilité aux services buccodentaires des personnes vivant avec le VIH-SIDA au Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/NQ39729.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHachi, Ryma. "Explorer l'effet de la morphologie des réseaux viaires sur leurs conditions d'accessibilité : une approche empirique fondée sur la théorie des graphes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H072.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to explore the relationship between the morphology of street networks and the accessibility offered to individuals during their trips in the urban space. The accessibility is defined as a set of favourable conditions for traveling (e.g. short distances to cover, low congestion level). This relationship is the subject of much tacit knowledge in the urban design community. Typical network morphologies or typical interventions on existing networks are recommended by urban designers, for the accessibility conditions they are supposed to offer. However, the actual effects of these recommendations on accessibility conditions are little evaluated in a formalized and systematic way. To compensate for this lack, we choose to adopt a quantitative approach based on graph theory. This allows an analysis of the morphology and accessibility conditions of networks by means of descriptors calculated on graphs, and then the study of the relationship between morphological and accessibility descriptors. Our work is exploratory. It concerns a set of ten empirical case studies, chosen for their representativity of theoretical cases recommended in urban design. We have constituted two corpuses of study. The first brings together networks with a typical morphology. This is the case of organic networks such as Paris in the Middle Ages, grid networks like Manhattan, and tree-like networks like in some American suburbs. The second corpus is made up of successive states of a network in which typical interventions, recommended in the literature, have been carried out. In this case, it concerns the creation of star-shaped breakthroughs in the street network of Paris in the 19th century. The quantitative description of the morphological characteristics and the accessibility conditions, carried out on the two corpuses, reveals some specificities of each typical network and intervention analyzed, both in terms of morphology and accessibility. Furthermore, our results allow us to identify trends in the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the studied networks and their accessibility conditions. In particular, we show that these trends are more marked for the corpus of networks with a typical morphology than for the Parisian network at different dates : in Paris, strong variations in morphological descriptors are often accompanied by weak variations in accessibility descriptors. From a thematic point of view, this result suggests that the major works carried out in the 19th century by Haussmann certainly affected the morphology of the street network, but had a little effect on the accessibility conditions offered by this network. Eventually, we conclude that the adoption of a quantitative approach to deal with the relationship between the morphology of a street network and its accessibility conditions requires a back and forth movement between the knowledge and interpretations specific to urban design and the methods and measures from other disciplines, in this case network science
Bonavero, Yoann. "Une approche basée sur les préférences et les méta-heuristiques pour améliorer l’accessibilité des pages Web pour les personnes déficientes visuelles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS274/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhen the sight, which is the main communication way, is altered, then the information acquisition process is also modified, degraded or limited. In today's digital world, the Web is a wealth of information organized by designers and developers and available on different Websites. Many visual pathologies can lead to difficulties in accessing this information. Beyond this information, the access to the different tools and services is also affected. Difficulties in color perception, cloud-like white patches or dark areas in a visual field, or a reduced visual field are all sources of difficulties. Each person has a particular vision. Several persons with the same pathology may even have different visions. Several assistive tools have been proposed that apply visual adaptation, trying to meet the needs of people with low vision. Main limits of these tools are mainly the unability of taking into account the very specific needs of each person. These research works are focused on the real user's needs analysis and on making a new approach based on the personal user's preferences. The final target consists in automatizing the Web page transformation according to the specific preferences of a particular user. This transformation occurs along the navigation from page to page. Different algorithms have been used, especially evolutionary algorithms, in order to make tradeoffs between the user's preferences and the original appearance of the page. The thesis further develops main problems encountered by people with low vision and some notions on color models and contrast relations. After that, we present a preference modeling language based on logics, a modeling of the problem as an optimization problem, some resolution algorithms, a tool and experiments on several real Web pages
Touiti, Takoi. "Les stratégies d'implantation en grandes et moyennes surfaces (GMS) : le cas des produits de terroir." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe diversification of the offer of terroir products forces distributors to question their allocation in the store. The thesis proposes to reflect on the allocation of terroir products in the French context by adopting an inter-categorial approach, at the general level of the store. This research examines the role of shelf space allocation strategies in increasing the accessibility and ease of purchase of terroir products in-store, on the one hand, and in increasing financial performance, on the other hand. Therefore, both an exploratory qualitative study and an experiment in a store have been conducted for the categories of terroir products
Courousse, Stéphanie Ballereau Françoise. "Accessibilité de la population sénégalaise aux médicaments expérience du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Thiès /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=47336.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, van Cuong. "Maîtrise de l'aptitude technologique des oléagineux par modification structurelle : applications aux opérations d'extraction et de transestérification in-situ." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROS308/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work has concerned the impact of Instant - Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) texturing on both operations of oil extraction and in-situ transesterification, carried out with the rapeseed and the kernels of Jatropha Curcas. A fundamental analysis proved the importance of the reactive or solvent diffusion within the solid matrix. By texturing the natural product, the whole operation can be intensified. The process is revealed through three characteristics, which are the effective diffusivity, the starting accessibility, and the yields of extraction. Also, the kinetics and yield of fatty acid methyl ester of in-situ transesterification are discovered. A phenomenological study allowed determining the value of these characteristics versus DIC operating parameters (saturated steam pressure P and treatment time t).A 2 h solvent extraction of DIC treated material allowed the total oil yields to be improved by 153% for colza and 112% for jatropha, the effective diffusivity (Deff) can reach up to 8.014*10-12 m2/s as against 0.715*10-12 m2/s for colza untreated by DIC, and up to 5.90*10-12 m2/s as against 2.42*10-12 m2/s for the untreated jatropha. The rate of initial accessibility of products treated by DIC can reach up to 80.53% as against 26.71% for untreated colza and can reach up to 92.58% as against 75.91% for the product untreated jatropha. In the case of in situ transesterification, the total yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME total) obtained from the DIC treated products is systematically higher than that of untreated colza and jatropha raw material. The reaction time was decreased to 30 - 45 min instead of 120 min in the case of colza, and to 15 min instead of 60 min in the case of jatropha kernel
Dumalanede, Constance. "Un management stratégique dédié à la prestation de services de santé primaires aux plus démunis des régions en développement : un business model Bottom the Pyramid (BoP) et son système propositionnel." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2103.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis highlights a key global challenge that has received little attention in the management science literature: the accessibility of primary health care services for low-income populations.The challenge of accessibility seen in the Bottom of the Pyramid strategies and the professional characteristics of health services complicate the issue for organisations. With a recommendatory purpose, this research aims to introduce strategies that non-profit and forprofit organisations could implement to create business models that address these challenges and improve low-income populations’ well-being.To achieve this, we conducted a qualitative research based on a multiple case study of four organisations based in Brazil and South Africa. They all share the same objective of delivering primary health services to the poorest population centres, but they have each developed a different business model to achieve this. This divergence has the advantage of creating a mutualenrichment of practices useful in the design of our research product: a BoP business model dedicated to the delivery of primary health care services.The comparison of our empirical study with our conceptual study highlights the need for organisations to develop strong and regular interactions with local actors. It aims to improve the organisation’s acceptance and local embeddedness through inclusive practices. Once rooted in the community, the organisation can rely on its local ecosystem, to promote access to healthservices for low-income populations while creating social and economic value for the entire ecosystem. Based on our results, we suggest key elements that organisations could integrate into their business model in order to provide inclusive health care services to low-income populations
Campana, Anderson Rogério. "Análise da qualidade e usabilidade dos softwares leitores de tela visando a acessibilidade tecnológica às pessoas com deficiência visual /." Bauru, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150749.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: João Pedro Albino
Banca: Maria Ataide Malcher
Resumo: O deficiente visual é o público alvo da pesquisa, pois quando se fala em necessidades especiais, encontramos pessoas com as mais diversas precisões que carecem de alternativas de acesso as tecnologias em seu cotidiano. No decorrer deste trabalho tratamos sobre a deficiência visual, a legislação e demais dados pertinentes ao indivíduo com deficiência visual, que pode ser definido como pessoa que possui perda total ou parcial, congênita ou adquirida de sua visão. Abordamos quais tecnologias digitais estão disponíveis para inclusão dos deficientes visuais, momento em que foi sistematizada as análises sobre os softwares leitores de tela mais utilizados na atualidade por esse público alvo. Dando sequência, para possibilitar as análises da qualidade e usabilidade destes softwares, utilizamos as Normas NBR ISO/IEC 9128 e NBR ISO/IEC 14598 que regulamentam a questão de qualidade e usabilidade do produto de software. Posteriormente, com base nessas normas, foi então elaborado e aplicado um questionário para os deficientes visuais analisarem a qualidade e usabilidade dos softwares leitores de tela que eles utilizam no dia-a-dia. Com base nos resultados obtidos, elencamos sugestões para melhoria desses produtos, contribuições estas que poderão ser utilizadas por desenvolvedores para que cada dia mais se alcance a busca da efetiva acessibilidade para os deficientes visuais.
Abstract: The visually impaired (a blind person) is the target of this research, because when we talk about special needs, we find people with the most diverse needs of alternatives to access the technologies in their daily lives in the courses of this work we deal with a visual impaiment, legislation and other data related to individuals with visual impaiment, which can be defined as the person who has total or partial, congenital or acquired vision. We approached which digital technologies are available for the inclusion of the viaually impaired, at the moment in which the analyzes on the software's screen readers most used in the present time by this target audience. In order to make possible the analysis of the quality and usability of these software, we use the standards NBR ISO/IEC 9128 e NBR ISO/IEC 14598, which regulate the issue fo quality and usability of the software product. Subsenquetly, based on these standards, a questionnaire was then prepared and applied for the visually impaired to analyze the quality and usability of the screen readers software that they use in their everyday life. Based on the results obtained, we list a couple suggestions for improvement of these products, and some contributions that can be used by developers so that each day more people can reach the search for effective accessibility for the visually impaired
Mestre
Ouf, Rehab. "Le dynamisme du World Wide Web : taille, croissance, visibilité, distribution et accessibilité de l'information /." Villeurbanne : ENSSIB, 2001. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dpssib/rrbouf.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDPSSIB = Diplôme professionnel supérieur en sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques. Notes bibliogr.
Guénat, Arthur. "Nature et handicap à la Réunion : le défi d'une accessibilité pour tous." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis falls within the scope of social and human geography and more exactly of« disability studies ». Understanding the disability like a « social object », the thesis analyzes the societal consideration of disabled people in non-urbanized areas with a high issue of touristic, recreational and patrimonial development. In the first place, it's the recent construction of disability as a social object that is discussed by reminding the history of the societal consideration of the disabled person in our occidental world. The French model and his fundamental rule of global accessibility for ail the domains of the social life are explained and the « Nature and Disability » thematic is more precisely analyzed as a development of an active living ideal for people who are in a disability situation. Secondly, the thesis develops this thematic on the particular field of the Reunion Island and tries to answer to a question which is both simple and complicated: « Today, how we live with a disability on the Reunion Island? ». ln a last time and on the basis of this study of the disability inside a Reunion Island society with accelerated transformations, the thesis specifies the current tendencies with the emergence of new public policies for the welcome of disabled people on natural and touristic areas of the island. To conclude and referring to an original survey, the thesis suggests some tools of evaluation and decision-making aids to these areas
Mercier, Aurélie. "Accessibilité et évaluation des politiques de transport en milieu urbain : le cas du tramway strasbourgeois." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354832.
Повний текст джерелаSur un plan théorique, la thèse vise ainsi à démontrer la cohérence de ce type d'indicateur avec le calcul traditionnel de surplus pour l'intégrer dans une analyse coûts-avantages en complément des gains de temps, habituellement utilisés. Sur un plan empirique, la thèse permet d'évaluer, sur l'aire d'étude de Strasbourg, l'impact de la mise en place d'une politique de transport favorable aux transports en commun sur le niveau d'accessibilité des automobilistes et usagers des transports en commun. Elle repose ainsi sur une modélisation associant un SIG et un modèle à quatre étapes.
Outre une méthodologie standard pouvant être appliquée à d'autres agglomérations, la thèse fournit des résultats intéressants tant en termes d'évaluation de politiques urbaine et de transport que de prospective. La voiture particulière reste, malgré l'amélioration du réseau de transports en commun, le mode le plus performant à l'échelle du territoire. Les transports en commun sont, quant à eux plus performants pour accéder au centre-ville même si les ambitions de réduction des inégalités territoriales ne sont que partiellement atteintes. Des scénarii prospectifs mis en place pour réduire le différentiel d'accessibilité entre ces deux modes (introduction d'un péage urbain ou d'une taxe automobile, limitation des vitesses sur voies rapides et amélioration des fréquences des bus et tramways), l'amélioration des temps de parcours en transports en commun présente les meilleurs résultats.
Kane, Hélène. "Négocier la guérison du petit malade : configurations d’enfance et accessibilité des soins à Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0643.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the wide array of medical facilities in Nouakchott, access to healthcare and treatment for child patients constitutes a major public health issue. Rather than measuring the respective importance of a predetermined series of factors, the anthropological approach focuses on the sociocultural settings which affect access to care. The environments in which children evolve over the course of their illness must be understood both at a local and a global level. In this perspective, this dissertation outlines the cases of about twenty sick children, documented through interviews with the children and their parents. Complementary to these, interviews with grandmothers, an ethnography of urban therapeutic pluralism and formalized observations in pediatric wards were also conducted. The identification of children’s illnesses, formulated from popular knowledge associated with mothering practices and nosological representations, is studied among the Haal Pulaar. Conjugal models and kinship relations permit composite variations between urban and rural environments, as well as those of affluence or of poverty. These different family configurations not only affect the children’s possibility to express themselves about their ailments or pain, but also the decisional power of the mothers when seeking care. We then consider how the families evolve within spaces of therapeutic pluralism, perceiving healthcare options through the prism of their experience and their mobility. The unequal distribution of the medical offer, its lack of control and transparency, contribute to the isolation of certain children, who are limited to informal, underqualified home care. Finally, we examine the healthcare in pediatric wards where admission does not necessarily ensure systematic healthcare and treatment delivery. The cost of medical acts and treatment, operational norms and procedures, and the organization of medical work form a discriminating and selective framework for care. Confronted with the difficulties to access care, using their economic and social resources, family members and relatives strive to negotiate the therapeutic itinerary of their child. The analysis of the singular and temporary trajectories that result from these negotiations will elucidate the construction of social inequalities of health and healthcare
Lombrail, Pierre. "Deux composantes essentielles de l'évaluation des soins à l'hôpital : continuité et accessibilité : le cas de l'urgence pédiatrique à l'hôpital Robert Debré de Paris." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T019.
Повний текст джерелаShin, Dong Il. "Improving trust and securing data accessibility for e-health decision making by using data encryption techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50636/1/Dong_Il_Shin_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrèzes, Vincent. "Intelligence Economique et Stratégique : protection et Exploitation des Informations Légales en Europe." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30037.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on the identification of legal information available on businesses in Europe, the identification of measures able to protect it, and the identification of methods able to exploit it in an economic and strategic intelligence process. Legal information is understood as structural and accounting information about enterprises, subject to legal disclosure requirement. The results of this study present a repository of legal information on companies in Europe, as well as Switzerland and Norway, and the analysis of different options regarding the protection, the collection and the use of this information in an economic and strategic intelligence process
Fortin, Gilles. "Accessibilité et conditions d'apprentissage des personnes handicapées en éducation physique, sports et loisirs /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаGamache, Stéphanie. "L'accessibilité des aménagements piétonniers aux personnes présentant des incapacités physiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33250.
Повний текст джерелаINTRODUCTION: The increasing proportion of individuals with physical disabilities (motor, visual or hearing) is an important source of concern. These individuals face numerous daily difficulties related to built environments. Pedestrian infrastructures (e.g., signage, crosswalks, sidewalks) are no exception. Due to their design and maintenance, they pose numerous obstacles limiting the efficiency and the safety of travelling habits of individuals with physical disabilities. This can greatly hinder their ability to fulfill daily tasks. As of now, in the province of Quebec, there are no uniform or clear guidelines based on scientific evidence ensuring accessibility to pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities. This thesis’s general objective is to identify pedestrian infrastructures’ features favouring accessibility and safe mobility of individuals with physical disabilities applicable in the province of Quebec. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS PER SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: A partnership/participative approach has been used (consultative committee: ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l’Électrification des Transports du Québec (MTMDET), Union des municipalités du Québec (UMQ), Fédération québécoise des municipalités (FQM), Office des personnes handicapées du Québec (OPHQ), Confédération des organismes des personnes handicapées du Québec (COPHAN), Réseau de transport de la Capitale (RTC) and Ville de Québec). The three following specific objectives have been pursued: 1) Identify existing practices for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities in Quebec’s municipalities and the associated needs. A web survey, addressed to municipalities (n=507 identified) of various sizes, was developed by Tailored Design Method. It allowed the identification of existing practices, facilitators, and obstacles for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures in Quebec’s municipalities as well as their needs regarding support for their design. Quantitative descriptive and recursive partitioning analyses revealed that Quebec’s municipalities have few resources/tools to design accessible pedestrian infrastructures, particularly those of less than 15 000 inhabitants (without the obligation of an action plan for individuals with physical disabilities according to the policy À part entière pour un véritable exercice du droit à l’égalité). Accessible practices also present when other practices of the same nature are in place, which implementation should be favoured, as well as the need for a tool to help design practitioners through the design process of accessible pedestrian infrastructures have been identified. 2) Review accessible and safe pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities. A mapping review (scientific and grey literature) allowed the compilation of recommendations for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures from 41 scientific articles, evaluated for their quality which was judged as low to moderate, and 96 pertinent documents. The recommendations, which were numerous, varied and were potentially not applicable in the province of Quebec, were rarely evaluated to identify their level of accessibility for various groups of individuals with physical disabilities or confronted to find an ideal solution. 3) Evaluate accessibility and applicability, in the province of Quebec, of the identified accessible and safe pedestrian infrastructures for individuals with physical disabilities. Nominal groups took place with individuals with physical disabilities, health clinicians and researchers in the fields of rehabilitation and design (accessibility experts) to determine which recommendations, from the mapping review, were judged as ensuring accessibility to individuals with physical disabilities. Other nominal groups took place with municipal and transportation agencies’ representatives to determine if the recommendations identified by the accessibility experts were applicable. The final recommendations, forwarded to all the consulted experts, provided a high level of agreement. Only few minor modifications had to be brought. Consequently, design guidelines were developed for eight pedestrian infrastructures: 1) Curb cuts; 2) Sidewalks; 3) Crosswalks; 4) Signage; 5) Rest areas/urban furniture; 6) Ramps; 7) Stairs; and 8) Handrails. A compilation of recommendations has been produced for bus stops, design guidelines could not be developed for this pedestrian infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS : The developed design guidelines, based on scientific evidence, have been judged as useful and applicable in the province of Quebec for the design of accessible pedestrian infrastructures. They are susceptible of being accepted and applied by Quebec’s municipalities. They have a strong potential in aiming for better accessibility and increased social participation of individuals with physical disabilities.