Дисертації з теми "Dry electrodes"
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Gabran, Salam. "Design and Optimization Methodology of Sub-dermal Electroencephalography Dry Spike-Array Electrode." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2793.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this methodology is to meet the design specifications for portable long-term EEG recording and optimize the electrical performance of the electrodes by maximizing the electrode-skin contact surface area, while fulfilling design constraints including mechanical, physiological and economical limitations. This was followed by proposing a low cost fabrication technique to implement the electrodes. The proposed electrode design has a potential impact in enhancing the performance of the current recording systems, and also suits portable monitoring and long term recording devices. The design process was aided by using a software design and optimization tool, which was specifically created for this application.
The application conditions added challenges to the electrode design in order to meet the required performance requirements. On the other hand, the required design specifications are not fulfilled in the current electrode technologies which are designed and customized only for short term clinical recordings.
The electrode theory of application was verified using an experimental setup for an electrochemical cell, but the overall performance including measuring the electrode impedance is awaiting a clinical trial.
AL-Shroofy, Mohanad N. "UNDERSTANDING AND IMPROVING MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR MAKING LITHIUM-ION BATTERY ELECTRODES." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/76.
Повний текст джерелаПрокопчук, Артем Миколайович. "Сенсор біомедичних сигналів для цифрової електронної лабораторії". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/22972.
Повний текст джерелаMaster's work contains the main part of 110 sheets, 22 illustrations, 22 tables and a number of sources by the list of references 53 source. The object of research is the process of taking human's electrocardiogram. The subject of the study is electrodes for monitoring biomedical signals. The aim of the work is to review the work of electrodes in conjunction with an ECG sensor for a digital electronic laboratory and to offer an optimal variant of electrodes for further application. The research method is a theoretical review of existing varieties of biomedical electrodes and the possibilities for their technical improvement, as well as practical verification of the work of electrodes in a digital electronic laboratory. The result of the work is the obtained ECG images in various studies using existing electrodes and the determination of the optimal variant of electrodes for use. The novelty of the results of the work is to apply them to a digital electronic laboratory, where further research will be carried out and in determining the vector of further research in the direction of dry capacitive needle electrodes. The results of this work can be used for their further application in laboratory work and for the design of a combined type of electrodes. Possible directions for the continuation of research: design of a combined type of dry capacitive needle electrodes. Field of application: educational Digital Electronic Laboratory, Medicine.
Schofield, Jamie Rae. "Electrocardiogram Signal Quality Comparison Between A Dry Electrode and A Standard Wet Electrode over a Period of Extended Wear." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1334707695.
Повний текст джерелаMonnin, Jason. "A VALIDATION OF A PROTOTYPE DRY ELECTRODE SYSTEM FOR ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1316771492.
Повний текст джерелаLeleux, Pierre. "Conception et validation de dispositifs à base de polymères conducteurs pour enregistrements électrophysiologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5080/document.
Повний текст джерелаThere is a tremendous need for developing advanced materials technologies for interfacing with brain and record neural activity. Such electrophysiological recordings are necessary for diagnostic purposes and brain/machine interfaces. Among the existing technologies, organic electronic devices constitute a promising candidate because of their mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility. The use of conducting polymers, which allow both ionic and electronic transport, allows new modes for interfacing with the biological milieu. This work presents an innovative process to incorporate the conducting polymer poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene: poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) onto electrodes for applications in electroencephalography (EEG). A step beyond conducting polymer electrodes is provided by the Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT). The primary advantage of using active devices is the local amplification they provide. This local amplification becomes extremely important in the case of electrophysiological signals, for which the amplitude is very low. The use of the OECT for various electrophysiological measurements is presented, done for clinical purposes like ECG or EEG, for new marketing studies like EOG, and for more fundamental neurological applications, like the recording in vitro of neuronal unitary activity. Bioelectronics is an inspiring field with broad scope. This thesis deals with applications of organic electronic devices in neuroscience. Other applications in diagnostics, biosensing, or drug delivery will offer huge opportunities for food safety, pollution control or even environmental applications
Gabaudan, Vincent. "Composés à base d’éléments du groupe p comme matériaux d’électrode négative pour accumulateurs K-ion." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS143.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the last two decades, the massive use of Li-ion batteries led the scientific research community to focus on alternatives systems based on low cost and abundant elements. Among these new systems, Na-ion batteries grew rapidly from the laboratory scale to reach a real commercial application. More recently, the research community focused on the interest of potassium. This element present significant assets for the development of high energy density and high power density batteries because of the low standard potential of K+/K redox couple (vs. SHE) and low desolvation energies of K+ ions in conventional organic solvents.This thesis was focused on the electrochemical reaction mechanism of negative electrode materials in K-ion batteries. The understanding of the reaction mechanisms occurring during cycling is essential for the battery development, it allows preventing the failure and optimise the electrode materials and electrolytes.In that way, two distinct materials for negative electrodes were studied during the thesis: carbonaceous materials, more specially graphite and alloy type materials from the p block of the periodic table such as antimony, bismuth, lead and tin. The use of different characterizations in operando and ex situ conditions allowed obtaining new insights on the reaction mechanism of these electrode materials in K-ion batteries. Finally, the electrode and electrolyte formulations were identified as a key point for the performance optimisation of graphite and alloy materials.Even if the research on K-ion batteries are still in its infancy, the first results are promising and suggest a possible future solution for the energy storage for stationary applications
Rathnayake-Arachchige, Dilshani. "Metallisation and structuring of low temperature Co-fired ceramic for micro and millimetre wave applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19343.
Повний текст джерелаVerlet, Romain. "Influence de l’irradiation et de la radiolyse sur la vitesse et les mécanismes de corrosion des alliages de zirconium." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0806/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe nuclear fuel of pressurized water reactors (PWR) in the form of uranium oxide UO2 pellets (or MOX) is confined in a zirconium alloy cladding. This cladding is very important because it represents the first containment barrier against the release of fission products generated by the nuclear reaction to the external environment. Corrosion by the primary medium of zirconium alloys, particularly the Zircaloy-4, is one of the factors limiting the reactor residence time of the fuel rods (UO2 pellets + cladding). To optimize core management and to extend the lifetime of the fuel rods in reactor, new alloys based on zirconium-niobium (M5®) have been developed. However, the corrosion mechanisms of these are not completely understood because of the complexity of these materials, corrosion environment and the presence of radiation from the nuclear fuel. Therefore, this thesis specifically addresses the effects of radiolysis and defects induced by irradiation with ions in the matrix metal and the oxide layer on the corrosion rate of Zircaloy-4 and M5®. The goal is to separate the influence of radiation damage to the metal, that relating to defects created in the oxide and that linked to radiolysis of the primary medium on the oxidation rate of zirconium alloys in reactor.1) Regarding effect of irradiation of the metal on the oxidation rate: type dislocation loops appear and increase the oxidation rate of the two alloys. For M5®, in addition to the first effect, a precipitation of fines needles of niobium reduced the solid solution of niobium concentration in the metal and ultimately in the oxide, which strongly reduces the oxidation rate of the alloy.2) Regarding the effect of irradiation of the oxide layer on the oxidation rate: defects generated by the nuclear cascades in the oxide increase the oxidation rate of the two materials. For M5®, germination of niobium enriched zones in irradiated oxide also causes a decrease of the niobium concentration in solid solution in the oxide, which once again, reduced the oxidation rate of this alloy.3) Regarding the effect of water radiolysis: We did not identify any significant effect of radiolysis on corrosion of the alloys under our experimental conditions
Vos, Etienne Eben. "Cosmic ray modulation processes in the heliosphere / Vos E.E." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7266.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
Strauss, Roelf du Toit. "Modelling of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere by stochastic processes / Roelf du Toit Strauss." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10217.
Повний текст джерелаPhD (Space Physics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
Walus, Sylwia. "Accumulateur lithium/soufre : développement et compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI020/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work two main aspects has been conducted in parallel. The first one was focused on betterunderstanding the very complex working mechanism of Li/S cell. Structural changes evolution ofactive material upon real time battery operation was explored, giving a clear answer on thesolid/liquid reaction evolution, which govern the electrochemistry of Li/S technology. Formationof another allotropic form of sulfur (monoclinic beta-S8) during recharging the battery have beenreported for the first time ever in Li/S community. Impedance technique applied to such systemprovided additional information concerning the kinetics of these reactions. Apart from that,another aspect targeted rather on improvements of already existing solutions (making better sulfurelectrodes, with significantly improved specific capacities) as well as development the alternativesolutions, i.e. fabrication and test of new Li2S-based positive electrodes, which could be apromising transition from classical Li/S cells into safer Li-ion/S batteries
Kuo, Che-Hsi, and 郭哲希. "Development of Barbed Dry EEG Electrodes Using MEMS Technology." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26943093188389182050.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
100
In this work, barbed dry electrodes are designed and fabricated by MEMS technology for biopotential measurement such as EEG. Compared to the traditional wet electrodes, the dry electrodes do not need electrolytic gel to reduce the impedance between skin and electrodes, so dry electrodes are more suitable for long-term measurement. Our proposed dry electrodes consist of arrays of miniaturized spikes. These spikes are designed for penetrating human skin so that the high impedance problems associated with layers of the outer skin can be resolved. We design the electrodes 50-100μm in length to avoid the painful or uncomfortable feeling during the measurement. The fabrication of electrodes is based on wet etching, which is simple and low cost. The simulation software Etch3DTM is used to evaluate the fabrication parameters of the wet etching. The spikes are fabricated by KOH. Subsequently, the photoresist is patterned as the etching mask on the spikes, and then etched in the solution mixed with HNO3 and HF. The fabricated barbed electrodes are 81μm in length, and widest and narrowest width is 20μm and 12μm, respectively.
Yu, Teng-Yen, and 游騰雁. "Design of High-Sensitive Dry Electrodes for Biopotential Measurements." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m7rs72.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
電機工程學系
106
Electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and etc. are important diagnosis instruments in clinics. Traditional instruments usually utilize wet type electrode for measuring biomedical signals. However, the use of wet type electrodes has to smear electrolyte gel on the measurement sites. The application of electrolyte gel is neither comfortable nor convenient. Especially, in EEG measurements, the electrolyte gel will inevitably make subject’s hairs dirty. This study aims to develop a high sensitive dry electrode for the measurement of electrophysiological signals. We have designed active electrode to increase the impedance in the frontal-end circuit. By providing active shield, external noise was decreased and common mode reject (CMRR) was increased to provide better impedance matching. The proposed dry electrode has proved its feasibility in the low-contact condition. Comparing the signal quality between our dry electrode and traditional wet-type electrode, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.28 mV which demonstrates the feasibility of our dry electrode for clinical applications.
Shen, Yu-Hua, and 沈昱樺. "Development and Validation of Wireless EEG Acquisition System with Dry Electrodes." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61515525052803970465.
Повний текст джерела中原大學
生物醫學工程研究所
100
Recently, the research direction of Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) changed from the neuroprosthetics into the mind control devices. The functional brain wave acquiring system of BCI should advance on more convenient and easier to capture biopotential at scalp. The electroencephalogram (EEG) acquiring system of this study based on wireless EEG modules that can fit the BCI requirements for an easy placement or removal of the electrodes at the cap, especially with “dry electrodes”. The dry electrode allows for acquisition of EEG without using of collodion or gels. It can not only reduce time of setting up the electrode but also allows a long-term recording. The system was integrated using a microprocessor (Ti MSP430-F149). It is to acquire six channels of EEG and one channel of ECG with a Bluetooth communication module that will send data to and receive command from a PC. The sample rate of this acquisition device was 200Hz. This battery-powered device overcomes the need of galvanic isolation. The validation of EEG & ECG signal in this study has been tested with 10 subjects in two different conditions. One is at resting or meditation condition and the other is at mentally athletic condition. The heart rate variability (HRV) is to confirm the subject was in the right condition. With two conditions we could find the subjects have a higher power of Alpha activity at resting condition than mentally athletic condition. The average power of Alpha at resting condition was 0.377±0.061. And, the average power of alpha at mentally athletic was 0.153±0.035. There is a statistical significantly different of the Alpha activity between the two different conditions. And, the subjects have a higher power of Beta activity at mentally athletic condition than at resting condition. The average power of Beta at resting condition was 0.211±0.026. And, the average power of alpha at mentally athletic was 0.430±0.045. There is also a statistical significantly different of the Beta activity between the two different conditions. This study has shown that the system has acquired the reliable EEG signal. The study has also presented a wireless EEG acquisition system using dry electrodes.
Huang, Yu-Yu, and 黃育瑜. "Source identification for the motor execution, motor imagery and motor observation conditions based on independent EEG components, and comparison of independent components of the EEG data obtained using dry and wet electrodes." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c5wwd2.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
認知與神經科學研究所
107
Motor imagery (MI) is one of the brain wave features used in the brain-computer interface(BCI). It is often discussed together with the motor execution (ME) and motor observation (MO), because these motor conditions all induce the event-related desychronization(ERD) of the mu rhythm in the motor-related cortex. The relationship between the source locations of where the mu-rhythm of the three motor conditions have been originated has been largely discussed in the literature. Therefore, the first purpose of this study was to identify and compare the sources of the three motor tasks. In addition, EEG acquisition equipment has developed toward more convenient dry electrodes in recent years. To facilitate the application and development of the BCI, the second purpose of this study was to compare the ability of the wet and dry electrodes to collect signals using the mu component characteristics. First experiment collected 13 participants with wet-electrode EEG. The within subjects experimental design included motor execution, motor imagery and motor observation. Source identification of different motor tasks was performed using two different sequences of independent component analysis. First, the ICA was applied to the preprocessed EEG data with the data from the three different motor condition altogether for the single ICA decomposition(thus, SD); second, the ICA was separately applied to the preprocessed EEG data of each motor condition to obtain ME, MI and MO with ICA being applied to the data of each motor condition separately. Then, the motor-related independent components, maximally projecting to surrounding the C4 channel location with the maximal mu-suppression feature, of each individual subject would be selected and subjected to source localization process using the DIPFIT2 extension under the EEGLAB. If the sources of the three motor conditions were co-located, there should not be any difference in the sources identified with different ICA steps. The results show that the SD ICA is more lateral than the MO ICA, and the MI ICA is more anterior than the ME ICA. Therefore, the mu ERD activity seemed to be originated from different brain regions for the motor execution, motor imagery, and motor observation conditions. In addition, to compare the mu rhythm characteristics obtained using the dry and wet electrodes, the dry electrode EEG of 16 participants were further collected with the performance of the three motor conditions combined. To compare the result of the dry EEG system to that of the wet EEG system, the number of wet EEG channels was reduced from the original 64 channels to 30 channels to match the setting of the dry EEG system. The results indicated that the number of channels had less influence on signal quality. However, the higher impedance inherently associated with the dry EEG electrodes might play more an important role in affecting the signal quality of the acquired EEG signals. Nonetheless, the dry EEG electrodes could still pick up some of the mu-suppression characteristics associated with the MI and other motor conditions.
Chang, C. W., and 張志瑋. "MEMS based Spiked Dry Electrode for EEG Measurement." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43033352399376108518.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
電機與控制工程系所
93
In this thesis, the fabrication and characterization of MEMS based silicon micro probe array, namely spiked dry electrodes, are explored for EEG measurement applications. A series of practical in-vivo tests have showed that the MEMS based spiked dry electrodes have more advantages and conveniences than the conventional standard electrodes. Compared with standard electrodes, the device area of the spiked dry electrodes is smaller. In addition, the spiked dry electrodes can be used without electrolytic gel, and they will not cause an uncomfortable feeling for the tested person. There is a 20×20 micro probe array fabricated using MEMS technology on the spiked dry electrode. When spiked dry electrode is applied to the skin, the probes can pierce the stratum corneum (SC) into the stratum germinativum (SG); thus, low skin-electrode-interface impedance effect can be obtained, stronger signal intensity can be collected. This makes the design of the amplifier circuit simpler and easier. Related experiments including qualitative/quantitative tests and practical EEG measurements are also introduced and discussed in this thesis.
Tseng, Bo-Hsiang, and 曾柏翔. "Fabrication of 3D dry electrode applied for EEG measurement." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16723364407285941948.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣師範大學
機電科技研究所
95
The research has developed a novel method of microneedle array through the combination of integrating silicon bulk micromachining, thick photoresist KMPR1050, electroforming and polymer material PDMS.The microneedle array was successful fabricated on a flexible PDMS substrate. This study complete establish experimental parameters of KMPR, and can produce thickness of 130 um KMPR by single spin. Combination of 130 um KMPR, KOH etching, electroforming, two-step removing KMPR, the length of the microneedle array is 170 um and width is 50 um (aspect ratio, 3.5) which is out of plane was successful fabricated on a flexible PDMS substrate.
Tung, Shu-Wei, and 董書瑋. "Development of Barbed Dry Electrode Arrays and Application for Electroencephalography." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62596510803186395485.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
101
In this work, barbed dry electrodes array for EEG measurement was designed and fabricated by using low-cost silicon wet etching techniques. Compared with traditional wet electrodes, the proposed dry electrodes can avoid skin preparation and electrolytic gel during measurement process. The preliminary pyramidal electrodes arrays were fabricated by KOH etching, and the barbed shapes were formed by HF/HNO3 etching. The radii of curvature of barbs decrease almost linearly as the etching time increases. Also, a through-silicon via (TSV), which improves the conductivity between the electrode lead and the tip array, was created on the substrate during the etching process. The average height of the dry electrodes is about 155 μm, and the average base width is 86 μm. By using conductive silver epoxy, the fabricated dry electrode was bonded with a traditional commercial ECG electrode, on which the electrolytic gel was removed. The detaching force measurement results showed that the barbed electrodes array was more adherent to soft materials than the pyramidal electrodes array. In the electrode-skin contact impedance measurement, the impedance of barbed dry electrodes is slightly higher than that of the wet electrodes. We also demonstrated that the proposed barbed dry electrodes can be used to measure the EEG signal effectively.
CHIEH, HSU JEN, and 徐人傑. "On the Study of Dry Layer Preparation of Membrane Electrode Assemblies." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34360117095061487529.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
92
This research focuses on the study of electricity generation center of proton exchange membrane fuel cell — the development of low platinum content dry process for Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). The catalyst of this process is not prepared from any organic solvent; therefore the time of preparation can be drastically reduced. Only the suction method is used to produce the electrodes. Experimental analysis and observation is performed on the characteristics of attraction force to the micro-structure of catalyst layer. Pressure setting of the experiment is obtained by using the self-made lab equipment. To reduce the influence from other factors during the manufacturing process, the selection of material for the exchange membrane electrode assembly from pre-processing, including cleaning of exchange membrane, and carbon cloth filtering processing, to post-processing, including hot pressure temperature and pressure control, as well as the choices of other parameters are determined through repeated experiments. This research uses Nafion 117 as the main body for producing membrane electrode assembly (MFA). The amount of platinum catalyst is controlled under 0.4 mg/ cm2. From the result of the experiment, it can be seen that the selection of suction force can affect the alignment of carbon platinum catalyst power and further lead to the difference in performance. However, the establishment of more accurate attraction force and performance relationship, and the optimum alignment of the microstructure of each layer for the exchange membrane resistor array is depending on future experiments. It is also hoped that a faster preparation procedure and a low cost fuel battery can be obtained so that the fuel battery can be more commercialized and become popular.
Huang, Yan-Jun, and 黃彥鈞. "Development of Active Comb-shaped Dry Electrode for EEG Measurement in Hairy Site." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25fh9e.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
影像與生醫光電研究所
102
Electroencephalogram(EEG) comes from the neuron activity. Brain disease and human physical condition can be detected from EEG information. In general, EEG is measured by traditional adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes as an effective way for well EEG signal quality. However, patients should have skin preparation and the conductive gels in traditional adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes would harden which results signal attenuation after several hours. Therefore novel active comb-shaped dry electrode has been proposed for long time EEG monitoring in clinical usage. The active comb-shaped dry electrodes can measure EEG signal directly without conductive gel and skin scrub. The comb shape can easily penetrate hair on scalp for good contact. Besides, the active comb-shaped dry electrode could avoid the reduction of common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). The correlation of signal quality and motion artifact were also tested in this study. Finally, the experiments of alpha rhythm and steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) were applied. The results shows that the proposed active comb-shaped dry electrode could acquire EEG signal clearly.
Cheng, Shih-Tse, and 鄭世澤. "Experimental Studies of Dry Layer Preparation in Suction Method of PEMFC Membrane Electrode Assemblies." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55040995174821793338.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
92
As production cost will be one of the main challenges for commercialization of fuel cells, a new approach to MEA production for PEMFC has been considered. Electrodes are produced by a new dry layer preparation method in a suction procedure and co-operated with a particle diffusion design. All structures in MEA of this process were prepared without any organic solvent; therefore the time of preparation procedures can be drastically reduced. MEA’s sandwiched structures were constituted by many materials- diffusion substrate, carbon powder, PTFE, catalyst, ion conductor, Nafion membrane. A slight difference in the quantity and character of each material will cause a apparent influence on the performance of MEAs. In gas diffusion backing layer the content of PTFE is about 40wt% and with high surface-area Ketjen Black EC600 at an optimized thickness, show better performance compared with Acetylene black and Ketjen Black EC300 carbon in backing layer. In catalyst layer preparation the suction pressure and the flow rate of nitrogen affects directly in the performance of MEA. When the pressure at 12 cm water height and the nitrogen flow rate at 4L/min show an obvious higher power density 0.21 W/cm2. The Pt loading is controlled between 0.4~0.5mg/cm2. This new dry layer preparation method with suction and powder diffusion procedure offers a simple, rapid and reliable method for MEA’s production. A faster and a low cost objective can be achieved.