Статті в журналах: "Dry days"

1

Collier, Robert J., Ehrin L. Annen, and Allison C. Fitzgerald. "Prospects for zero days dry." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 20, no. 3 (November 2004): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.06.009.

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2

Kuhn, M. T., and J. L. Hutchison. "Methodology for Estimation of Days Dry Effects." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 4 (April 2005): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72818-6.

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3

Malek, Asiah A., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren, and James E. Shelton. "Initial Growth of Seedlings of Mountain Laurel as Influenced by Day/Night Temperature." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 5 (September 1992): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.736.

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Seedlings of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) were grown for 16 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures. The night optimum for all dry weight categories was 22C. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Total plant dry weight and dry weights of tops, leaves, and stems were maximized with days at 26C, but for roots the optimum was 22C. Dry weight accumulation was lower with days at 18 or 30C. Responses of leaf area were similar to that of total plant dry weight, with optimum days and nights at 26 and 22C, respectively. Within the optimal day/night temperature range of 22-26/22C for dry weights, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) increased with day temperatures up to 30C and were highest with nights at 14 or 26C. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with increasing night temperature, and increased curvilinearly in response to day temperature with the minimum at 26C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with increasing day or night temperature. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) was highest with nights at 18 or 22C and decreased with days >22C. Net leaf photosynthetic rate was maximized with days at 26C.

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4

Funk, D. A., A. E. Freeman, and P. J. Berger. "Effects of Previous Days Open, Previous Days Dry, and Present Days Open on Lactation Yield." Journal of Dairy Science 70, no. 11 (November 1987): 2366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80297-7.

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5

Malek, Asiah A., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren, and James E. Shelton. "Initial Growth of Seedlings of Flame Azalea in Response to Day/Night Temperature." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 2 (March 1992): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.2.216.

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Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were grown for 12 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures and their interactions. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Root, leaf, top, and total dry weights were maximized with days at 26C in combination with nights at 18 to 26C. Stem dry weight was maximized with days at 26 to 30C and nights at 22C. Leaf area was largest with days at 18 and 26C in combination with nights at 18 or 26C. Within the optimal, day/night temperature range of 26 C/18-26C for total plant dry weight, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) were highest with days at 18 and 30C. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area: total plant dry weight) was highest and specific leaf area (total leaf area: leaf dry weight) was largest when days and nights were at 18C and were lower at higher temperatures. Regardless of day/night temperature, leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) was higher than either the stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) or root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight). Net leaf photosynthetic rate increased with day temperatures up to 30C.

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6

Kuhn, M. T., J. L. Hutchison, and H. D. Norman. "Characterization of Days Dry for United States Holsteins." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 3 (March 2005): 1147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72781-8.

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7

Wheatley, Sally P., and Denys N. Wheatley. "Transporting cells over several days without dry-ice." Journal of Cell Science 132, no. 21 (October 2, 2019): jcs238139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.238139.

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8

Duan, Yawen, Zhuguo Ma, and Qing Yang. "Characteristics of consecutive dry days variations in China." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 130, no. 1-2 (October 26, 2016): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1984-6.

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9

Yi, Qitao, Jianghua Yu, and Youngchul Kim. "Removal patterns of particulate and dissolved forms of pollutants in a stormwater wetland." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 2083–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.159.

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A 0.23-ha pilot wetland was constructed to examine its effectiveness for the control of nonpoint source pollution (NPS) from a 7.42-ha agricultural watershed in Korea. This research emphasised the removal patterns of particulate and dissolved forms of pollutants on both dry (base flow) and wet days (storm flow). The hydraulic loading rates were high on rainy days, with an average value of 0.78 m/day, but around 0.08 m/day on dry days. Particulate forms of pollutants, such as TSS, COD and TP, were removed to a greater extent on wet days due to sedimentation. On wet days, the incoming concentrations of NH4-N and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were higher than during dry days, and can be partly retained via filtration and adsorption as they go through the wetland. The retention of TP and TSS on dry days could be affected by short antecedent dry days (ADDs), which will cause frequent hydraulic fluctuations in the wetland. Nitrogen removal is not influenced by this condition, with an average retention of around 20% on dry days, higher than the 6% removal on wet days.

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10

Jull, Laura G., Frank A. Blazich, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Seedling Growth of Atlantic White-Cedar as Influenced by Photoperiod and Day/Night Temperature." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.3.107.

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Abstract Seedlings of Atlantic white-cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P.] were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 12 weeks under short-or long-day conditions with 9-hr days at 18, 22, 26 or 30C (64, 72, 79 or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights at 14, 18, 22 or 26C (57, 64, 72 or 79F). Dry matter production was influenced by photoperiod and day/night temperature. For all day temperature × photoperiod interactions, except root:shoot ratio, growth was highest under long days. Day × night temperature interactions occurred for all growth measurements except root dry weight. Root dry weight was highest at 30/22C (86/72F); top (shoot) dry weight at 26/22C (79/72F). Nights of 14C (57F) resulted in the lowest top dry weight. Total plant dry weight was highest at nights of 22C (72F) for all day temperatures. At days of 30C (86F), total plant dry weight was highest with nights ≤ 22C (72F); however, data for 30/22C (86/72F) and 26/22C (79/72F) were similar. The highest root: shoot ratio occurred at nights of 14C (57F) with days ≤ 26C (79F). Mean relative growth rate was highest at nights of 22C (72F) with days of 26C (79F) or 30C (86F). Maximum stem caliper occurred at days of 22C (72F) with nights ≥ 18C (64F). Height and crown width were highest at 26/22C (79/72F). A day/night cycle of 30/22C (86/72F) with long days was optimal for seedling growth.

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11

Starrett, Mark C., Frank A. Blazich, and Stuart L. Warren. "Initial Growth of Rosebay Rhododendron Seedlings as Influenced by Day and Night Temperatures." HortScience 28, no. 7 (July 1993): 705–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.7.705.

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Rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) seedlings were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 14 weeks under long (9-hour) days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with 15-hour nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Total dry-matter production was lowest for 18C days and highest for 26C days. A similar response occurred for top, leaf, root, and stem dry weights. Nights at 22C maximized total plant, top, leaf, and stem dry weights. The optimum day/night cycle for dry-matter production was 26/22C. Leaf area was optimum with 18C nights. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with an increase in night temperature to a maximum at 22C. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with an increase in night temperature to a minimum at 22C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) and shoot: root ratio (top dry weight: root dry weight) were not influenced significantly by day or night temperature. A day/night cycle of 26/22C seems to be optimal for producing-salable plants.

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12

Marlon, Jennifer R., Xinran Wang, Matto Mildenberger, Parrish Bergquist, Sharmistha Swain, Katharine Hayhoe, Peter D. Howe, Edward Maibach, and Anthony Leiserowitz. "Hot dry days increase perceived experience with global warming." Global Environmental Change 68 (May 2021): 102247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102247.

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13

Delleur, J. W., T. J. Chang, and M. L. Kavvas. "Simulation Models of Sequences of Dry and Wet Days." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 115, no. 3 (June 1989): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:3(344).

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14

Yudi, A. Atabany, and B. P. Purwanto. "Pengaruh Tipe Kelahiran terhadap Produksi Susu, Lama Laktasi, Masa Kering, Masa Kosong, dan Selang Beranak Kambing Saanen." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.9.2.102-109.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Saanen doe goats’ birth types on milk yields,lactation length, dry period, days open and kidding interval at PT Fajar Taurus. This research employeda case study method using secondary data of production and reproduction of Saanen doe goats. Datawas analysed using Microsoft Excel program and Kruskal Wallis test. The results showed percentages ofSaanen doe goats with single, twinning and triplets birth are 47.94%, 39.73% and 12.33% respectively.Milk yields for single birth was 1,14±0,43 litres/goat/day, lactation length of 286.43±119.73 days, dryperiod of 68.89±18.57 days, days open of 205.31±117.67 days, and kidding interval of 355.31±117.67days. Milk yields for twinning birth was 1.32±0.49 litres/goat/day, lactation length of 270±219.43 days,dry period of 69.10±17.52 days, days open of 189.10±227.22 days, and kidding interval of 339.10±227.22days. Meanwhile, milk yields for triplets birth was 0.93±0.40 litres/goat/day, lactation length of360±228.97 days, dry period of 66.67±23.78 days, days open of 276.67±240.38 days, and kidding intervalof 426.67±240.38 days. There is nonsignificant effect of birth types on milk yields, lactation length, daysopen and kidding interval in Saanen doe goats (P>0.05). However, birth types were found to have asignificant effect on dry period (P<0.05).

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15

Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie. "Circulation pattern controls of wet days and dry days in Free State, South Africa." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 133, no. 5 (July 24, 2021): 1469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00703-021-00822-0.

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AbstractAtmospheric circulation is a vital process in the transport of heat, moisture, and pollutants around the globe. The variability of rainfall depends to some extent on the atmospheric circulation. This paper investigates synoptic situations in southern Africa that can be associated with wet days and dry days in Free State, South Africa, in addition to the underlying dynamics. Principal component analysis was applied to the T-mode matrix (variable is time series and observation is grid points at which the field was observed) of daily mean sea level pressure field from 1979 to 2018 in classifying the circulation patterns in southern Africa. 18 circulation types (CTs) were classified in the study region. From the linkage of the CTs to the observed rainfall data, from 11 stations in Free State, it was found that dominant austral winter and late austral autumn CTs have a higher probability of being associated with dry days in Free State. Dominant austral summer and late austral spring CTs were found to have a higher probability of being associated with wet days in Free State. Cyclonic/anti-cyclonic activity over the southwest Indian Ocean, explained to a good extent, the inter-seasonal variability of rainfall in Free State. The synoptic state associated with a stronger anti-cyclonic circulation at the western branch of the South Indian Ocean high-pressure, during austral summer, leading to enhanced low-level moisture transport by southeast winds was found to have the highest probability of being associated with above-average rainfall in most regions in Free State. On the other hand, the synoptic state associated with enhanced transport of cold dry air, by the extratropical westerlies, was found to have the highest probability of being associated with (winter) dryness in Free State.

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16

Halevy, J., and A. Hartzook. "Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of High-Yielding Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Grown in a Sandy Soil1." Peanut Science 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-15-1-2.

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Abstract Growth and NPK uptake of peanut of cultivar Shulamit (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy soil (Xeropsamment - Torripsamment) was investigated under favorable semi-arid conditions conducive to high yields. The rate of dry matter production was slow until flowering at 44 days after planting when only 6% of the total dry matter had been produced. From flowering until 111 days. 58% of the total dry matter was produced with an average rate of 97 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Thereafter, from 112 days until 128 days, at the pod ripening stage, the rate was 233 kg DM ha-1 day-1. Total dry matter production was 11,200 kg ha-1, of which 54% was in the leaves and stems and 46% in the pods. The pod dry matter yield was 5200 kg ha-1. The total uptake of N and P followed generally that of dry matter production, whereas highest K uptake occurred at 128 days and then decreased by 26% at harvest time. The total uptake of N, P, and K was 300, 27 and 244 kg ha-1, respectively. At 128 days the N, P, and K in the pods was 63, 71, and 16% of the total uptake of N, P, and K, respectively.

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17

Kuhn, Melvin T., Jana L Hutchison, and H. Duane Norman. "Effects of length of dry period on yields of milk fat and protein, fertility and milk somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation of dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Research 73, no. 2 (February 14, 2006): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029905001597.

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The objective was to utilize data from modern US dairy cattle to determine the effect of days dry on fat and protein yield, fat and protein percentages, days open, and somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation. Field data collected through the dairy herd improvement association from January 1997 to December 2003 and extracted from the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory national database were used for analysis. Actual lactation records calculated from test-day yields using the test-interval method were used in this study. The model for analyses included herd-year of calving, year-state-month of calving, previous lactation record, age at calving, and days dry as a categorical variable. Fat and protein yield was maximized in the subsequent lactation with a 60-d dry period. Dry periods of 20 d or less resulted in substantial losses in fat and protein yield in the subsequent lactation. In contrast to yields, a short dry period was beneficial for fat and protein percentages. Short dry periods also resulted in fewer days open in the subsequent lactation; however, this was entirely due to the lower milk yield associated with shortened dry period. When adjusted for milk yield, short dry periods actually resulted in poorer fertility in the subsequent lactation. Long days dry improved somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation. Herds with mastitis problems should be cautious in shortening days dry because short dry periods led to higher cell scores in the subsequent lactation compared with 60-d dry.

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18

Aly,, H., S. Ibrahim, Zenat Rabie, Zeianb Khalifa, and K. Hussien. "EFFECTS OF PREVIOUS DAYS OPEN, PREVIOUS DAYS DRY AND CURRENT DAYS OPEN ON MILK PRODUCTION .' IN FRIESIAN COWS." Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jappmu.2002.253346.

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19

Kristiono, Afandi, and Siti Muzaiyanah. "Response of Corn-Soybean Intercropping to Fertilizer Packages in Dry Land with Dry Climate." PLANTA TROPIKA: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science) 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2021): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/pt.v9i2.4378.

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Intercropping soybean with corn on dry land with dry climate (DLDC) is an alternative program to expand the soybean cultivation harvested area. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fertilization performance in the intercropping of soybean-corn in DLDC. The experiment in this study was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of seven fertilizer package treatments with four replications. The spacing between corn (Pertiwi 3) and soybean (Dena 1) was (50 cm x 200 cm) x 40 cm (2 plants/clump) and between soybeans (Dena 1) was 40 cm x 15 cm (2-3 plants/clumps). The observations consisted of soil analysis (pH, organic matter, total N (Kjeldahl), available P, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, K-dd, and Na-dd), soybean leaf chlorophyll index (45 and 60 days after planting/dap), plant height at (45 daps and harvest), number and weight of root nodules (45 daps); Corn: chlorophyll index (56 daps), plant height (harvest), analysis of corn and soybean plant tissue (60 daps), yield, and yield components of dry seeds of soybean and corn per hectare. The results showed that effective fertilization for the intercropped crops was 53 kg N + 1,500 kg of manure per hectare in corn plant and 7 kg N + 22 kg P2O5 + 18 kg K2O + 1,500 kg/ha manure + Rhizobium Iletrisoy/Agrisoy in soybean crops.

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20

Chen, Ruidan, and Riyu Lu. "Dry Tropical Nights and Wet Extreme Heat in Beijing: Atypical Configurations between High Temperature and Humidity." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 5 (April 30, 2014): 1792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00289.1.

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Abstract Generally, tropical nights [TN; minimum temperature (Tmin) ≥25°C] occur under wet air conditions, while extreme heat [EH; maximum temperature (Tmax) ≥35°C] occurs under dry air conditions. This can be explained by higher humidity favoring TN through reducing longwave radiation cooling, and lower humidity favoring EH through enhancing solar radiation at the surface. The present study focuses on the atypical phenomena of dry TN (30% of all TN days) and wet EH (20% of all EH days) in Beijing during July and August, 1979–2008. It was found that meteorological conditions, including large-scale circulations and specific humidity, exhibit a resemblance between typical (wet TN and dry EH) and atypical (dry TN and wet EH) cases. That is, the meteorological anomalies for dry TN are similar to those for dry EH, and the anomalies for wet EH are similar to those for wet TN. For instance, descending anomalies, which lead to lower humidity and are thus associated with dry EH, appear for more than 70% of dry TN cases. In addition, the persistence of high temperature from day to night, and from night to day, also contribute significantly to dry TN and wet EH, respectively. About 50% of dry TN days and about 70% of wet EH days are preceded by EH and TN, respectively. It can be concluded from these results that both meteorological conditions and temperature persistence contribute greatly to dry TN and wet EH.

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21

RAHA, G. N., and S. C. KAKATY. "Stochastic modeling of the occurrence of rainfall over some districts of Assam during 1987-1992." MAUSAM 61, no. 2 (November 27, 2021): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v61i2.817.

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The Primary aim in this paper is to find an alternative approach that consists of modeling the pattern of dry and wet spell over some districts of Assam. The Markov Chain Model is used to predict the length of dry and wet spells during the Indian summer monsoon season (June to September). This information may help the agronomists and agricultural scientists in crop planning. Five districts viz., Dibrugarh, Kamrup, Sonitpur, Dhemaji and North Lakhimpur are considered here for this study. Markov Chain Model is fitted for each of the district and the results of the five districts are pooled. This pooled result reveals that during the period 1987-1992, the probability for the day being wet when the immediately preceding day is dry for different years varies from 0.44 to 0.54 while the probability of the day being wet when the immediately preceding day is wet for different years varies from 0.74 to 0.86. It is also found that in the Indian summer monsoon season after about every consecutive 4 - 7 wet days a dry day is expected to occur whereas alter about consecutive 2 dry days, a wet day is expected to occur. The number of days required for the process to reach the state of equilibrium varies from 4 - 7 days.

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22

Silva, A. P. P., B. S. Marques, R. S. O. Lima, E. C. R. Machado, M. F. Gonçalves, and S. J. P. Carvalho. "Growth and development of honey weed based on days or thermal units." Planta Daninha 32, no. 1 (March 2014): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000100009.

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This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the growth and development of honey weed (Leonurus sibiricus) based on days or thermal units (growing degree days). Thus, two independent trials were developed to quantify the phenological development and total dry mass accumulation in increasing or decreasing photoperiod conditions. Considering only one growing season, honey weed phenological development was perfectly fit to day scale or growing degree days, but with no equivalence between seasons, with the plants developing faster at increasing photoperiods, and flowering 100 days after seeding. Even day-time scale or thermal units were not able to estimate general honey weed phenology during the different seasons of the year. In any growing condition, honey weed plants were able to accumulate a total dry mass of over 50 g per plant. Dry mass accumulation was adequately fit to the growing degree days, with highlights to a base temperature of 10 ºC. Therefore, a higher environmental influence on species phenology and a lower environmental influence on growth (dry mass) were observed, showing thereby that other variables, such as the photoperiod, may potentially complement the mathematical models.

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23

Keown, J. F., and R. W. Everett. "Effect of Days Carried Calf, Days Dry, and Weight of First Calf Heifers on Yield." Journal of Dairy Science 69, no. 7 (July 1986): 1891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(86)80615-4.

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24

KHATTAB, A. S., and A. A. ASHMAWY. "Relationships of days open and days dry with milk production in Friesian cattle in Egypt." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 105, no. 1-6 (January 12, 1988): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1988.tb00302.x.

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25

Ge, Hangcheng, Gang Zeng, Vedaste Iyakaremye, Xiaoye Yang, and Zongming Wang. "Comparison of Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies between Dry and Wet Extreme High-Temperature Days in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101265.

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Many previous studies have reported that atmospheric circulation anomalies are generally the direct cause of extreme high-temperature (EHT). However, the atmospheric circulation anomalies of EHT days with different humidity and the differences between them are less often discussed, while humidity plays an important role in how people feel in a high-temperature environment. Therefore, this study uses 1961–2016 CN05.1 daily observational data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to classify summer EHT days in China into dry and wet. Furthermore, we investigate the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the dry and wet EHT days in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (MLRYR). The results reveal that dry EHT days are likely to be caused by adiabatic heating from anomalous subsidence, while wet EHT days are more likely caused by the low-latitude water vapor and heat anomalies brought by the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). This may be due to a remarkable westward/southward/narrowed extension of the Continental High (CH)/WPSH/South Asian High (SAH) accompanied by an occurrence of dry EHT day. The opposite pattern is observed for wet EHT days. Moreover, a wave train like the Silk Road pattern from the midlatitudes could affect the dry EHT days, while wet EHT days are more likely to be affected by a wave train from high latitudes. Knowing the specific characteristics of dry and wet EHT days and their associated atmospheric circulations could offer new insights into disaster risk prevention and reduction.

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26

Stevens, Patrick L. "Do You Have Difficulty Calibrating Dry Days in Your Model?" Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714816099581.

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27

Diaz-Buxo, Jose A. "“Dry Days” in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: Impact on Dialysis Delivery." Seminars in Dialysis 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139x.1995.tb00392.x.

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28

Goel, Sharad, Rajiv Saran, Karl D. Nolph, John Moran, Edward F. Vonesh, and Teri Dunham. "Dry Days in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis: Whether Whither or Wither?" Seminars in Dialysis 10, no. 3 (May 1997): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139x.1997.tb00470.x.

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29

Lee, J. H. "The consecutive dry days to trigger rainfall over West Africa." Journal of Hydrology 556 (January 2018): 934–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.003.

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30

Kuhn, Melvin T., Jana L. Hutchison, and H. D. Norman. "Minimum days dry to maximize milk yield in subsequent lactation." Animal Research 54, no. 5 (September 2005): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:2005031.

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31

Estévez, Emma, Juan Del Coso, and Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez. "Regional Sweating Responses During 9 Days of Dry-Heat Acclimation." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02377.

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Duan, Yawen, Zhuguo Ma, and Qing Yang. "Erratum to: Characteristics of consecutive dry days variations in China." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 130, no. 1-2 (January 16, 2017): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2036-6.

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33

Deni, Sayang Mohd, and Abdul Aziz Jemain. "Mixed log series geometric distribution for sequences of dry days." Atmospheric Research 92, no. 2 (April 2009): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.032.

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34

Eden, Philip. "March 2009 Dry and sunny: warm days and cool nights." Weather 64, no. 5 (May 2009): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.435.

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Chen, Feng, Zhaofei Fan, Shukui Niu, and Jingming Zheng. "The Influence of Precipitation and Consecutive Dry Days on Burned Areas in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China." Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/748923.

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Precipitation is among the more limiting meteorological factors affecting the occurrence and extent of forest fire. We examined the correlation between burned area of individual wildfires and the rainfall amounts occurring on the day of the burn and the number of consecutive dry days for a range of limiting daily rainfall amounts (0–6mm) used to define a “dry” day. Daily threshold rainfall levels that most significantly affected area burned were determined for each ecoregion in Yunnan province, a major fire-prone area, in southwestern China. Results showed that the burned area of a wildfire decreased exponentially with increasing rainfall amounts on the day of burning. Burned area was also positively correlated to the number of consecutive dry days prior to burning. The threshold rainfall value providing the highest correlation between burned area and the number of consecutive dry days prior to a burn varied between ecoregions. Consecutive dry days with rainfall less than the specified threshold predominantly affected large fires (>100 ha) rather than more frequently occurring small fires. These results will help forest managers evaluate regionalfire danger indices for forest fire prevention, particularly for catastrophic forest wildfires causing significant economic losses and threats to human life and environment.

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Shi, Li Jun, Miao Huang, Wei Yu Zhang, and Hui Fen Liu. "Effect of Dry Matter Concentration on Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Manure and Straw." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.897.

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In this paper anaerobic digestion of dairy manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Under the conditions of C/N=25-30 and T=36°C, five kinds of dry matter concentration of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% were tested to investigate the effect of dry matter concentration on anaerobic digestion. The result showed that first 30 days was the biogas production peak phase and VFA concentrations in the leachate were also high during the same period. When dry matter concentration increased, biogas production appeared larger fluctuation, and alkalinity and NH4+-N concentration in the leachate also increased with higher organic loading rate. Among five kinds of dry matter concentration, 10% was more suitable for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas with total biogas production amount of 4710 mL after 30 days and volumetric biogas yield of 0.313 m3•m-3•d-1. These results could provide instructive meaning to the engineering application of dry anaerobic digestion.

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Lowder, Adam W., Helen T. Kraus, Frank A. Blazich, and Stuart L. Warren. "Day/Night Temperatures Influence Growth and Photosynthesis During Containerized Production of Selected Species of Helleborus (Hellebores)." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.3.179.

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Abstract Containerized seedlings of Helleborus foetidus L. (stinking hellebore), H. niger L. (Christmas rose), and H. ×hybridus L. (Lenten rose) were grown under long-day conditions in controlled-environment chambers for 95 days with 9-hr days of 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30C (57, 64, 72, 79, or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights of 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26C (50, 57, 64, 72, or 79F). Long-day conditions were provided by a 3-hr night interruption. Growth of each species responded differently to day and night temperatures. Calculated maximum root, top, and total dry weight, and leaf area of H. foetidus occurred with days/nights of 20/15, 18/13, 19/14, and 18/15C (68/59, 65/55, 66/57, and 65/59F), respectively. While night temperature (NT) had no effect on root:top ratio [RTR (root dry weight ÷ top dry weight)], RTR was greatest (0.65) with days of 22C (72F). Helleborus niger had calculated maximum root dry weight and total dry weight with days of 14C (57F) and nights of 16 and 13C (60 and 55F), respectively. Top growth of H. niger decreased linearly as NTs increased for days of 14 or 22C (57 or 72F). Day temperatures (DTs) had no effect on RTR, whereas RTR responded quadratically as NT increased with a calculated maximum RTR at nights of 19C (66F). Leaf area was maximized at days/nights of 14/10C (57/50F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), top growth of H. ×hybridus responded quadratically as NT increased with maxima occurring at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F). Root dry weight responded quadratically at days of 14, 22, or 26C (57, 72, or 79F) and calculated maxima occurred with nights of 18C (64F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), there were quadratic responses in total dry weight with calculated maximum growth of H. ×hybridus at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. For days of 14, 22, or 30C (57, 72, or 86F), there were quadratic responses in RTR with greatest RTR calculated at nights of 15, 18, or 16C (59, 64, or 60F), respectively. There were quadratic responses at days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F) for leaf area with calculated maxima at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. As DTs increased from 14 to 30C (57 to 86F) net CO2 assimilation (PN) of H. ×hybridus also increased linearly whereas increased NTs had no effect on PN. In contrast, stomatal conductance was not impacted by DT or NT.

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Ranwala, N. K. Damayanthi, and Dennis R. Decoteau. "End-of-Day Light Quality Effects on Growth and Development of Watermelon Plants." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 601E—601. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.601e.

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End-of-day (EOD) red (R) or far-red (FR) light treatments were used to study phytochrome-regulated growth and dry matter distribution in 2-week-old watermelon plants. Plants were exposed to low-intensity R or FR light for 15 min at the end of photoperiod for 9 consecutive days. End-of-day FR increased the petiole elongation in the first two leaves, which was accompanied by higher dry matter partitioning to the petioles after 3 days of treatments. However, total plant dry mass (above ground) in FR-treated plants increased significantly after 6 days of treatments. This indicates EOD FR regulated dry matter compensation among plant parts at the early stages of EOD light treatments, allowing plants to better adapt to the environment. Net CO2 assimilation rate in the second leaf of FR-treated plants also increased. Phytochrome involvement in these processes is suggested, since growth and dry matter distribution patterns were reversible when plants were treated with FR immediately followed by R.

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39

Oakley, Kay, Robert Geneve, Sharon Kester, and Myra Stafford. "Marigold Growth in Six-packs following Transplanting from Plugs at Several Stages of Development." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 632f—633. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.632f.

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Root and shoot development in Marigold `Little Devil Flame' was studied after being grown for varying lengths of time in 392-count plugs before transplanting to six-pack cells. Seedlings were grown for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days before transplanting to six-packs. All plants were measured at day 25. There was no significant difference in total root length, area and dry weight per plant or in leaf area and shoot dry weight per plant for seedlings transplanted from 0 to 15 days. Both total root dry weight and total shoot dry weight of seedlings transplanted on day 20 was reduced by 32% compared to seedlings that were not transplanted. Total root dry weight of seedlings transplanted at day 25 was reduced by 60% while total shoot dry weight of seedlings was reduced by 56% from those not transplanted. In a separate experiment, the growth rate of seedlings grown in plugs was sigmoidal (r2 = 0.98). Growth rate was significantly reduced between 20 and 25 days in the plug. These results suggest that root restriction in the plug may be a factor in the reduction of seedling growth following transplanting.

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40

Januś, E., and D. Borkowska. "Dry period length in Montbéliarde cows and its association with selected production and functional characteristics." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-054.

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Abstract. The study evaluated the effects of selected factors (dry period number, milk yield in standard lactation and length of full lactation) on the length of dry periods. The effect of dry period length on milk yield and composition, the frequency of milk samples with different somatic cell counts (SCC) and the course of lactation were also analysed. The study included 491 cycles (dry period and lactation) and 4 998 results of test-day milking conducted in a herd of 230 Montbéliarde cows. The cows were kept in a free-stall barn and fed total mixed rations (TMR). The average length of the dry period was found to be 85 days. The first dry period was 34-45 days longer than subsequent ones, which may have been due to the cows becoming acclimated after having been brought to the farm as in calf heifers. Increasing milk yield in standard lactation was accompanied by significantly shorter dry periods. The most beneficial dry periods in terms of milk yield were those lasting 22-41 days. The lowest yield was noted in lactations preceded by a dry period reduced to 0-21 days. However, this milk contained the most fat, protein and dry matter and the SCC did not exceed 400 000 cells/ml in 73.3 % of cases. The decrease in daily milk yield from its peak in the 2nd month to the 10th month after calving was smallest in cows with dry periods of 57-84 days, which may suggest that lactations in these cows were the most persistent.

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41

Li, Zhenzhao, Minh Ha, Damian Frank, Peter McGilchrist, and Robyn Dorothy Warner. "Volatile Profile of Dry and Wet Aged Beef Loin and Its Relationship with Consumer Flavour Liking." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123113.

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This study investigated the effect of ageing method and ageing time on the volatile profiles of grilled beef striploins (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) and their relationship with consumer flavour liking. Volatiles were measured in grilled steaks subjected to 35 days of dry ageing, 35 days of wet ageing, 56 days of dry ageing or 56 days of wet ageing, using headspace-solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry was also conducted on 35-day wet and dry aged samples to identify volatiles with high odour impact. The concentration of many odour impact volatiles, e.g., 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, and various alkyl-pyrazines, was significantly higher in dry aged beef compared to wet aged beef (p < 0.05). Several odour impact volatiles, e.g., 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and alkyl-pyrazines, decreased significantly with ageing time (p < 0.05), while volatile products of lipid oxidation and microbial metabolism increased with ageing time. Partial least-squares regression analysis showed that the higher consumer flavour liking for 35-day dry aged beef was associated with higher concentrations of desirable odour-active volatiles.

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42

Carvalho, Vinícius Emanoel, Saulo Alberto do Carmo Araújo, Danilo De Oliveira Alves, Carlos César dos Santos, and Norberto Silva Rocha. "Dry matter intake and milk yield of cows grazing Xaraés palisadegrass under different management strategies." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 41, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 46843. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.46843.

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This study aimed to evaluate the intake and milk yield of crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu), under two management strategies, based on 95% light interception and fixed days. Eight lactating cows with body weight of 466 kg (± 35 kg) and lactation stage of 137 days (± 107 days) were used, four animals were assigned to each treatment. Dry matter intake was estimated indirectly, using neutral detergent insoluble fiber as internal indicator and chromium oxide as external indicator. This was a completely randomized design, with four replications, two grazing strategies and three days of occupation. The animals under light management showed dry matter intake on the first day (11.42 kg) similar to the second day (9.57 kg), and this was similar to the third day (7.06 kg), but the intake on the first day was greater than on the third day. On the fixed days, intake did not differ between the first and second day (12.05 and 11.47 kg, respectively), and intake of the third day (6.70 kg) was lower than in the first two days. The dry matter intake in relation to the body weight of the animals presented similar results to the dry matter intake of forage in kilos, which can be explained by the small difference in weight between the mean of the groups. The individual milk yield showed a similar behavior among the grazing strategies for the days of occupation, which increased from the first to the second day (12.49 to 13.88 kg) and decreased from the second to the third day (12.20 kg). Grazing management strategies did not promote differences in the performance traits of lactating cows. The day of grazing during the period of occupation can be decisive for intake and production.

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Aroeira, Luiz Januário Magalhães, Fernando César Ferraz Lopes, João Paulo Guimarães Soares, Fermino Deresz, Rui da Silva Verneque, Pedro Braga Arcuri, and Leovegildo Lopes de Matos. "Daily intake of lactating crossbred cows grazing elephant grass rotationally." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 36, no. 6 (June 2001): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2001000600009.

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The goal of this trial was to estimate the total dry matter (TDMI) and daily pasture dry matter intakes (PDMI) by lactating crossbred Holstein - Zebu cows grazing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) paddocks submitted to different rest periods. Three groups of 24 cows were used during two years. The paddocks were grazed during three days at the stocking rate of 4.5 cows/ha. Treatments consisted of resting periods of 30 days without concentrate and resting periods of 30, 37.5 and 45 days with 2 kg/cow/day of 20.6% crude protein concentrate. From July to October, pasture was supplemented with chopped sugarcane plus 1% urea. Total daily dry matter intake was estimated using the extrusa in vitro dry matter digestibility and the fecal output with chromium oxide. Regardless of the treatment the estimated average TDMI was 2.7, 2.9 and 2.9±0.03% and the mean PDMI was 1.9, 2.1 and 2.1±0.03% of body weight in the first, second and third grazing day, respectively (P<0.05). Only during the summer pasture quality was the same whichever the grazing day. Sugarcane effectively replaced grazing pasture, mainly in the first day when pasture dry matter intake was lowest.

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44

Chapman, Brent M., James E. Barrett, and Terril A. Nell. "Water Relations and Growth of Catharanthus roseus `Cooler Peppermint' as Influenced by Moisture Stress Conditioning." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 771E—771. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.771e.

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Catharanthus roseus `Cooler Peppermint' were grown under four different watering regimes [well-watered (WW), wilt plus 1 day (W+1), wilt plus 3 days (W+3), and wilt plus 1 day during the last 2 weeks only (L W+1)] and two different light levels [1100 and 750 μmol·m–2·s–1]. Stress treatments affected finished plant size and leaf area as well as stomatal conductance, water potential and time to wilt during two dry-down periods imposed at the end of an 8-week production cycle. W+3 plants were 50% smaller with 50% less leaf area compared to WW plants. During the second dry-down period, WW plants in high light wilted in 2 days vs 4 days for the W+3 plants. Similarly, WW plants in low light wilted in 3 days vs 6 days for the W+3 plants. The W+3 plants maintained significantly higher water potentials and greater stomatal conductances than the other treatments throughout both dry-down periods.

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45

Sawa, Anna, Sylwia Krężel-Czopek, and Mariusz Bogucki. "Dry Period Length as Related to Milk Yield and SCC During the First Month of Subsequent Lactation." Annals of Animal Science 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0051.

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Abstract Analysis was made of the effect of dry period length in primiparous and multiparous cows on daily milk yield during the first month of subsequent lactation and on milk somatic cell count (SCC) on the basis of the information about the test-day milkings of 59 138 cows. The GLM and FREQ procedures of the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Dry period length in the primiparous and multiparous cows had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on daily milk yield and udder health, determined based on SCC. In terms of milk yield, the most favourable dry period would be 51-70 days for both primiparous and multiparous cows. Depending on udder health, a dry period of 51-90 days can be suggested. Shorter dry periods had more undesirable effects than longer dry periods. Excessively shortened dry period (≤10 days) caused the daily milk yield to decrease by 17% in primiparous and by 13% in multiparous cows while increasing the risk of clinical changes of the cow’s udder, regardless of age. The proportion of milk samples that showed evidence of clinical mastitis also increased when the dry period was excessively long (>90 days), especially in multiparous cows.

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46

Sawa, A., M. Bogucki, and K. Siatka. "Effect of the first and next calvings of cows and their milk production level on the relationship between dry period length and milk yield and its composition in the subsequent lactation." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (November 14, 2013): 934–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-095.

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Abstract. The effect cow age and milk production level was analized on the relationship between dry period length and milk yield and composition in the subsequent lactation. The GLM and CORR PEARSON procedures of the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. It is shown that in terms of milk yield in the subsequent lactation, a dry period of 40–60 days was the most favourable. In particular in primiparous cows it was found that in terms of milk yield, shortening the dry period is less favourable than extending it beyond the 41- to 60-day standard. A dry period of 21–40 days can be offered to multiparous cows without significant milk losses in the subsequent lactation. Eliminating or shortening the dry period should exclude cows after first calving. It seems that a dry period of 21–40 days can also be offered to high-producing cows (&geq; 8 000 kg milk) because their milk yield, in relation to cows dried for 41–60 days, was lower by 3.5 %. Shortening the dry period has a positive effect on the concentration of basic milk components such as fat and protein, causing them to increase. Dry period length had no effect on milk lactose content.

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Shah, Rahul, Sarvjeet Herbert, Ram Pal Singh, Neeraj, and Ramesh Pandey. "Effect of period on service period and dry days length of Jersind crosses." emergent Life Sciences Research 08, no. 01 (2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.813542.

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The study was carried out in the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Dairy Farm, SHUATS, District – Prayagraj, Utter Pradesh. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of periods on service period and dry days length of Jersind crosses. All the data were collected from the history records of Jersind crosses. Four Cross Groups were selected for the study 1/2 J X 1/2 RS - (JRS1), 3/8 J X 5/8 RS - (JRS2), 1/4 J X 3/4 RS - (JRS3), and 1/8 J X 7/8 RS - (JRS4). It was observed that the mean first period, service period was 104.86 ± 3.8 days, 107.33 ± 8.25 days, 104.38 ± 3.12 days, and 88.50 ± 5.1 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean second period, service period was 110.00 ± 4.76 days, 84.75 ± 4.2 days, 109.30 ± 3.5 days, and 85.20 ± 7.55 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean third period, service period was 107.00 ± 6.99 days, 113.33 ± 2.88 days, 84.57 ± 5.79 days, and 116.83 ± 4.57 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean first period, dry days length was observed 62.14 ± 1.13 days, 60.33 ± 0.98 days, 65.88 ± 1.72 days, and 62.00 ± 1.4 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean second period, the dry days' length was 59.60 ± 1.88 days, 60.50 ± 2.84 days, 62.20 ± 1.56 days, and 63.60 ± 1.08 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. The mean third period, dry days length was 61.60 ± 1.40 days, 62.00 ± 0.94 days, 63.14 ± 2.86 days, and 65.50 ± 2.12 days in JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4. In reproductive traits period indicated a significant effect on the second and third period service period, whereas indicated a non-significant on first, second, and third period dry days length of Jersind crosses (JRS1, JRS2, JRS3, and JRS4).

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48

PEYMAN, MAHMOUDI, JAHANSHAHI SEYED MAHDI AMIR, and MORADI ZOHREH. "Modeling behaviour of wet and dry days in Iran from the perspective of Markov chains." MAUSAM 71, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i1.8.

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The current study aims to model the behaviour of wet and dry days in Iran using Markov Chain Models. To this end, data related to daily precipitation of 44 synoptic stations for a 25-years interval (1991-2015) was obtained from Iran Meteorological Organization. Then, the Markov features of dry and wet days of Iran including stationary probabilities of dry and wet days occurrence, the expected length of dry periods, the expected length of wet periods, dry-wet spells cycle, return periods for dry or wet episodes and finally, the possibility of occurrence of the continuity of dry days for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days were calculated for all the synoptic stations in a seasonal scale. The results showed that there is the occurrence of dry short continuities (5 and 10 days) in three seasons of autumn, winter and spring with different possibilities all over Iran. However, the possibility of occurrence of long-term dry continuities (more than 20 days) is variable in terms of season and place so that in winter, no possibility of occurrence of this type of continuities is obvious in the northern half of Iran. As in autumn and spring those are the end and beginning of long-term stability conditions of the atmosphere in the upper atmosphere levels of Iran, the possibility of periodical occurrence of 30-days dry days, particularly in the southern half of Iran increases. In addition, the expected return periods for dry days is almost steady for every part of Iran and is in the range between 1 and 2 days. However, the number of return days to a precipitation period does not follow this rule and varies for every part of Iran so that from 2.15 days in autumn to 79 days in spring is variable, pointing to the climate diversity of Iran.

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Monção, Flávio Pinto, Marco Aurélio Moraes Soares Costa, João Paulo Sampaio Rigueria, Marielly Maria Almeida Moura, Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior, Virgílio Mesquita Gomes, Dijair Barbosa Leal, Camila Maida Albuquerque Maranhão, Carlos Juliano Brant Albuquerque, and Julieta Maria Alencar Chamone. "Yield and nutritional value of BRS Capiaçu grass at different regrowth ages." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 5 (July 4, 2019): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2045.

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The objective was to evaluate the productivity, chemical composition, ruminal degradability of dry matter and digestibility of BRS capiaçu grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) managed at five regrowth ages. A completely randomized design with ten replications was used in the BRS capiaçu elephant grass subjected to five cutting intervals (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in the summer, making a total of 50 plots with a useful area of 4 x 2 m. There were daily increases in the dry matter production in the order of 382 kg ha-1, with 49,859 kg ha-1 being produced at 150 regrowth days. The dry matter content and organic matter linearly increased (P < 0.01) at different regrowth ages. The crude protein content, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber linearly reduced (P < 0.01) 0.037%, 0.196% and 0.256% per day, respectively. Potential degradability of dry matter decreased from 68.9% at 30 days to 44.7% at 150 regrowth days (0.194 percentage units per day). The rate of degradation of fraction B 'c' was not modified (P = 0.94), averaging 1.46% hour-1. In the cultivation of BRS capiaçu elephant grass in the summer season, in the northern region of Minas Gerais, the age for harvesting between 90 and 120 days of regrowth is recommended.

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Ma, Shuangmei, Tianjun Zhou, Aiguo Dai, and Zhenyu Han. "Observed Changes in the Distributions of Daily Precipitation Frequency and Amount over China from 1960 to 2013." Journal of Climate 28, no. 17 (September 1, 2015): 6960–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0011.1.

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Abstract In this study, daily precipitation (P) records for 1960–2013 from 632 stations in China were homogenized and then applied to study the changes in the frequency of dry (P = 0) and trace (0 < P < 0.1 mm day−1) days and all precipitation events (P ≥ 0.1 mm day−1), and the frequency and accumulated amount of precipitation at different intensities. Over China as a whole, very heavy precipitation (P ≥ 50 mm day) events have increased significantly from 1960 to 2013, while light (0.1 ≤ P < 10 mm day−1) and moderate (10 ≤ P < 25 mm day−1) events have decreased significantly, accompanying the significant increases of dry days and decreases of trace days. This indicates a shift from light to intense precipitation, implying increased risks of drought and floods over China since 1960. Although the consistent increases of dry days and decreases of trace days and light and total precipitation days are seen over most of China, changes in other precipitation categories exhibit clear regional differences. Over the Yangtze River valley and southeast China, very heavy precipitation events have increased while light precipitation events have decreased. However, positive trends are seen for all precipitation categories over northwest China, while trends are generally negative over southwest, northeast, and northern China. To examine the association with global warming, the dependence of the precipitation change for each intensity category over China on global-mean temperature was analyzed using interannual to decadal variations. Results show that dry and trace days and very light and very heavy precipitation events exhibit larger changes per unit global warming than medium-intensity precipitation events.

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